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Canada fournira une traduction sur demande. “Creating a Framework for the Wisdom of the Community”: Review of Victim Services in Nunavut, Northwest and Yukon Territories “Creating a Framework for the Wisdom of the Community:” Review of Victim Services in Nunavut, Northwest and Yukon Territories RR03VIC-3e Mary Beth Levan Kalemi Consultants Policy Centre for Research and Victim issues Statistics Division September 2003 The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Justice Canada. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was made possible by the informed and patient assistance of the following people: • Anna Paletta and Fernando Mata, Research and Statistics Division, Justice Canada, Ottawa, Ontario • Catherine Kane, Naomi Giff-MacKinnon and Tawnye Plewes, Policy Centre for Victim Issues, Justice Canada, Ottawa, Ontario • Dawn MacInnes, Victims Services Coordinator, Community Justice and Victim’s Services, NWT Justice, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories • Sandra Bryce, Manager, and Bonny Ross, A/Coordinator, Victims Programs, Family Violence Prevention Unit, Yukon Justice, Whitehorse, Yukon • Mary Lou Sutton-Fennell and Susan Enuaraq, Nunavut Justice, Iqaluit, Nunavut • Barbara Powick, Executive Director, Kaushee’s Place, Yukon Women’s Transition Home, Whitehorse, Yukon • Yvonne Smarch, Victim and Family Support Worker, Kwanlin Dun First Nation Social Justice Program, Whitehorse, Yukon • Valerie Stubbs, Kristiina Alariaq, Mary Krimmerdjuar, Community Justice Specialists Kivalliq Region, South and North Baffin Region, Nunavut Department of Justice • the members of SEDNA, NWT/Nunavut Family Violence Workers Association • the NWT Social Planning Coalition • Pauktuutit Inuit Women’s Association, NWT and Yukon Status of Women Councils and Yukon Women’s Directorate A warm thank you to Jenifer Rigby, Victoria B.C., Bill Schram and Amy Lea of Yellowknife NWT and Lois Moorcroft of Whitehorse Yukon who held in-person interviews, and made hundreds of phone calls to service providers in every community, in all three territories. Their work was instrumental in providing the valuable ‘grass roots’ analysis and recommendations on which this research is built.1 Gratitude is also extended to the many service providers in each northern community who gave freely of their time, sharing their extensive expertise in victim service delivery in their territory. A special note of gratitude is extended to the women who shared their personal stories of victimization. Their victories give us all the encouragement to carry on, and help us understand what it really means to be a victim of crime. The title of this paper is a direct quote from Valerie Stubbs, Community Justice Specialist Kivalliq Region, Nunavut. Valerie described the core job of service providers, funders, governments and citizens as one of “creating a framework for the wisdom of the community.” The aim of this paper is to illustrate the astuteness of this insight. 1 For details about existing service providers in the three northern territories see the companion booklet to this paper, Victim Services in the Territories: A Compilation of Contacts and Resources, Mary Beth Levan, Ottawa: Policy Centre for Victim Issues and Research and Statistics Division, Department of Justice Canada, 2002. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................................... i Executive Summary....................................................................................................................................vii Nunavut........................................................................................................................................................................ vii Northwest Territories … ...............................................................................................................................................viii Yukon Territory …......................................................................................................................................................... ix General Recommendations…........................................................................................................................................x 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Purpose of Research .............................................................................................................................1 1.2 Research Methodology .........................................................................................................................2 2.0 Nunavut .............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Considerations in Victim Service Delivery in Nunavut ......................................................................5 2.1.1 Introduction … ...........................................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Cultural Differences: Inuit Culture and the Dominant Canadian Culture …................................6 2.2 Traditional and Existing Informal Victim Services in Nunavut.........................................................12 2.2.1 Introduction …..........................................................................................................................12 2.2.2 Traditional Approaches to Dealing with Victims in Nunavut .....................................................12 2.2.3 Informal Contemporary Approaches to Dealing with Victims in Nunavut .................................15 2.3 Formal Services Available in Nunavut Communities........................................................................19 2.3.1 Scope and Methodology...........................................................................................................19 2.3.2 Inventory Findings....................................................................................................................20 2.3.3 Obstacles Faced by Nunavut Service Providers ......................................................................27 2.3.4 Summary of Formal, Informal and Traditional Victim Services in Nunavut...............................36 2.4 Review of Programs in Other (Non-Nunavut) Remote Aboriginal Communities............................38 2.4.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................38 2.4.2 Methodology.............................................................................................................................38 2.4.3 Remote Aboriginal Victim Services Program Descriptions.......................................................39 2.4.4 Best Practices .........................................................................................................................44 2.4.5 Factors Contributing to Successful Programming ....................................................................52 2.5 Recommendations for Victim Services in Nunavut...........................................................................57 2.5.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................57 2.5.2 Training, Support and Recovery for Existing Service Providers...............................................58 2.5.3 Training, Support and Recovery for Communities....................................................................60 2.5.4 Legislation, Judicial and Correctional Systems and Leadership...............................................61 2.5.5 Victim Services Programs ........................................................................................................65 2.6 Nunavut: Summary of Needs and Recommendations ......................................................................69 2.6.1 Summary of Needs...................................................................................................................69