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The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. © Taylor and Francis 2007 Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 o.1,N.4 eebr20,377–387 2005, December 4, Science No. Ocean 10, and Vol. Atmospheric of Journal nuegainsadfot nsaae htcnb eae otewell-known the [email protected] in Email: to author. spill *Corresponding related oil be Prestige can of that seawater time in the of fronts presence at the and relevant Thus, gradients was season. induce (Ruiz-Villareal rainy winter the 2002 in import- in November–December very plumes transport be river of can influence understanding characteristics strong and Their an physicochemical freshwater margin. for the continental currents, Moreover, Iberian of ant of precipitation. the driven understanding input along upon an waters freshwater wind directly for of the necessary depends movements, from is input comes discharge tidal This stratification of rivers. account source the is into main main- it and circulation, A take its sea stratification. explain open To to the influences. between terrestrial Millward necessary area and and oceanic boundary (Jones have a estuaries environmental As land, and therein). because societal, references decades last and economical, the 2002, impacts: in studies main many its of subject of the been has circulation Estuarine Introduction 1. aii N Spain) (NW the Galicia to directly Keywords related estuaries. be Rı these of could Galician description result different distribution hydrodynamical the the spatial This correlations improve clear in Galicia. significant and discharge within show patterns, freshwater influence obtained these EA, their results (NAO, and of Hemisphere precipitation The principal North winter POL). five of between the and area and SCA, Atlantic 1998 its the to EA/WR, 1977 of on from from patterns obtained to regime Galicia data teleconnection order flow covering precipitation in the stations the between rain-gauge atmosphere consequently correlation 47 the and the the Galicia characterize calculate precipitation We consideration in that of in rivers. requires indices variability atmosphere evaluated Galicia several the the of of was explain location of influence variability special the variation The precipitation of of Peninsula). the modes Iberian on (NW preferred Hemisphere the North of influence The nune famshrcvraiiyo rswtrinput freshwater on variability atmospheric of Influences y rp eFı de Grupo topei aiblt;Peiiain eeoncinpatterns; Teleconnection Precipitation; variability; Atmospheric : SN14–58pitIS 7174 online 1741–7546 print/ISSN 1741–7538 ISSN .N LORENZO* N. M. nvriyo ataod opsea Spain Compostela, de Santiago of University ´ nvria eVg,304Orne Spain Ourense, 32004 Vigo, de Universidad iad aAtmo la de sica z rp eFı de Grupo nGlca Rı Galician in ora fAmshrcadOenScience Ocean and Atmospheric of Journal O:10.1080/17417530601127472 DOI: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals ´ iaNlna,MeteoGalicia, Nolineal, sica ´ fr e Oce del y sfera y n .J TABOADA J. J. and ´ si winter in as tal et # ´ 06.Mroe,rvrplumes river Moreover, 2006). . n,Fcla eCiencias, de Facultad ano, ´ sec itr hc would which winter, each as 05Tyo Francis & Taylor 2005 z Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 oae vrIeadadteohro poiesg pnigtecnrllatitudes central center the one spanning 35 with sign between anomalies, opposite Atlantic of of North dipole other and the the the north–south East- of for and a the (1981) Iceland of of Gutzler over consists parts and located combines It Wallace NAO season. by 1987). identified winter seasons Livezey originally all in and patterns patterns winter (Barnston West-Atlantic teleconnection Atlantic/ prominent NAO most in the (East the is of EA/WR area One indices. Atlantic), those Pattern). this with (Polar/Eurasia (East POL and in EA Pattern), circulation are: (Scandinavian appearing SCA atmospheric 1987) Russia), of patterns Western Livezey pattern NAO and teleconnection dominant Hemisphere, (Barnston North the Other the is of area variability. Oscillation) characterized Atlantic arise, the Atlantic patterns In large-scale (North indices. some teleconnection dynamics internal the its by of reflection will a as they regime. flow therefore, river and the modes on circulation influence atmospheric also have main the with relationship rcptto rvksa nraeo ie o,mil nwne,adfreshwater and of winter, quantity in Atlantic, This mainly flow, precipitation. north Rı river annual the cold the of into Portugal. of by increase input from and mm affected an 2000 traveling Spain provokes is and between precipitation systems Peninsula 1000 border low-pressure Iberian between natural the producing with a of as associated part serves fronts near part northwestern Xistral’’ final ‘‘O the Min called its the Nevertheless, is range in Galicia east–west of and an river km of important location most the The the into coast. flow to the and due Galicia ones, of shorter part middle the the in mountains the Rı in rise that rivers short the of (Bode part system northern upwelling the coastal with Atlantic associated North coast Eastern Atlantic the of productivity enhanced 378 tutrlysmlrt h A,adcnit fanrhsuhdpl fanomaly of dipole north–south is a pattern of EA The consists months. and all NAO, in the mode leading to a similar as structurally appears and negative Atlantic, with North associated the is pattern the regions. these of in phase height anomalies and negative positive height Scandinavia the with over while and associated anticyclones, Russia, Barnston is blocking by western pattern major pattern this reflecting Eurasia-1 of sometimes the phase anomalies, as positive to The Mongolia. referred (1987). Russia/western previously eastern Livezey been and has Europe SCA western The over sign opposite extending of Europe. centers often central patterns and western precipitation to and These America 1995). normal temperature North (Hurrel in the eastern transport changes of North from moisture in modulations and the result large-scale heat of turn in meridional location in and and and track, zonal intensity of storm the patterns and in stream NAO the changes jet opposite of basin-wide Atlantic phases an Both reflects with regions. these phase associated over negative are anomalies North The pressure and the the Europe. height Atlantic, of western of North pattern and central latitudes the States high over United pressure the eastern and across heights above-normal pressure and and Atlantic heights below-normal reflects ´ s rdrcl noteoen iesta o noteCnara e are Sea Cantabrian the into flow that Rivers ocean. the into directly or as, nti ril,tega st orlt itrpeiiaini aii N Spain) (NW Galicia in precipitation winter correlate to is goal the article, this In system, chaotic a as scales certain at strong considered be a can has atmosphere the precipitation Although the of variability the that out point studies Several aii sargo hrceie yacmlxtranadagetnme of number great a and terrain complex a by characterized region a is Galicia h Apteni h eodpoietmd flwfeunyvraiiyover variability low-frequency of mode prominent second the is pattern EA The weaker with Scandinavia, over center circulation primary a of consists SCA The ´ saddrcl noteocean. the into directly and as .N oez n .J Taboada J. J. and Lorenzo N. M. n 40 and N .Tepstv hs fteNAO the of phase positive The N. ˜ tal et ie,woelnt s307 is length whose river, o 2002). . Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 tteSuhetadteitro fSan hsrsl sas ofimdby confirmed northeast. also the to is southwest Rodo the result from hand, This lay other NAO Spain. the by On of affected most interior Peninsula Iberian the value and greater a with Rodriguez-Puebla Southwest Spain, of the part northwestern the at in precipitation winter and NAO onro h bra eisl hni aii,weetecreaini between is correlation south-western the the where Galicia, at in important than Esteban-Parra more 0.4. Peninsula and is Iberian 0.3 NAO the of and corner precipitation winter between Puebla similar (Zorita a studied and (Ulbrich 1987) Portugal Peppler for and obtained (Lamb been explained) has value variance precipitation of (41% hyaaye h eprleouino h orlto offiin ewe h NAO the between coefficient correlation the of Trigo evolution temporal fact, the In analyzed regime. They its flow river of the al in much et variations explain inter-annual large to produces to able tioned, These subject is transition signal. index of weak area single a geographical no only variability. a where shows climate in variations, eastern correlation located climate the is this complex in Galicia Galicia 50% that in over show while results was Spain, precipitation of winter seasonal part with Index) Oscillation of value a attains the Morocco between of while correlation north observed The the temperatures, the 49%. for of NAO explain extratropical 34% the together for and hemispheric Oscillation precipitation accounts Southern in NAO and the Atlantic. NAO North variance that in weather showed local interannual characterize (1996), to order Hurrel in Thus, studied be must values ture an reflecting average fluctuations phase than weaker positive with a the reflecting vortex. associated phase with polar negative is circulation, the and circumpolar pattern vortex circumpolar the anomalies This enhanced of positive Mongolia. strength and the region, and in polar China the over northern anomalies over height Sea. located negative Caspian anomalies of the height consists of anomalies north negative height and and Atlantic positive China, North with central northern associated the and main over is four Europe of phase Eurasia-2 over consists the positive pattern located as EA/WR The to The study, centers. referred (1987). been Livezey anomaly (1987) and has Barnston pattern Livezey and by This Wallace pattern and year. by throughout Barnston defined Eurasia affects originally the pattern in EA the shown from (1981). EA that different Gutzler This distinctly counterpart. to NAO is its similar but from This distinct is location. pattern and EA intensity pattern the ridge link makes subtropical subtropical link southward-shifted the strong in subtropical a a modulations as contains with interpreted center association often lower-latitude in NAO is the the the pattern However, of of EA pattern. lines centers the NAO nodal anomaly reason, approximate The this the west. For to pattern. to southeastward displaced east are from pattern Atlantic EA North the spanning centers h nuneo h A ne vrteIeinPnnuahsbe previously been has Peninsula Iberian the over index NAO the of influence The oee,tepeiiainvraiiyi h bra eisl,peiul men- previously Peninsula, Iberian the in variability precipitation the However, tempera- and precipitation with correlations their and indices those of Variations pattern this of phase positive The seasons. all in appears pattern POL the Finally, that patterns teleconnection prominent three of one is pattern EA/WR The 20)hssonteiflec fNOidxi bra ie o regimes. flow river Iberian in index NAO of influence the shown has (2004) . tal et 01.Tu,Zorita Thus, 2001). . tal et tal et 92 Rodo 1992, . topei aiblt nfehae input freshwater on variability Atmospheric 20) hyhv ocue httoergoso the of regions those that concluded have They (2001). . tal et tal et 19)hv bandtesm orlto between correlation same the obtained have (1998) . 19)fudta orlto fSI(Southern SOI of correlation that found (1997) . tal et tal et 97 Esteban-Parra 1997, . 19)hv hw htterelationship the that shown have (1992) . tal et 1999). . tal et 98 Rodriguez- 1998, . 0.64 379 Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 380 n O,wr bandb pligteRC ehiu Brso n Livezey and (Barnston technique RPCA the 80 applying least at by in SCA, with EA/WR, obtained area EA, stations were NAO, our the indices, POL, Only circulation in period. The and stronger considered. this were in are data maximal validated patterns is of teleconnection flow 1). 1) river these (DJF) (table and (figure of December–January–February Compostela winter, from de influence period Galicia 1998 Santiago the the covering and of for because Meteorology University 1977 accumulated the of between was of Institute Precipitation precipitation CLIMA National of database the values the from used of have stations we 47 work, this In Data 2. varia- Rı atmospheric these Galician the into and between input precipitation relationship freshwater the a the between establish and could correlation bility flow we significant the found, a explain in is If to Hemisphere patterns rivers. consequently Northern and its the precipitation of of in regime variability atmosphere the three the explain for to of order flow variation river of modes and representing precipitation Guadiana). basin and river Tajo, the (Duero, and basins season river Iberian wet the on index h oaino aii eursacnieaino h nuneo te indices other of influence the of consideration a requires Galicia of location The iue1 oaino h tde region. studied the of Location 1. Figure .N oez n .J Taboada J. J. and Lorenzo N. M. ´ si winter. in as % Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 OSGAA7 7 9 8 8 8 7 7 FONSAGRADA CELANOVA CASTRELO CARBALLO CANGAS BETANZOS PONTES AS ALLARIZ GUDIN A CORUN A A 7 7 7 8 7 8 7 7 7 7 7 8 VILLADERREI 8 COUREL DO VILAR 8 VIGO-PEINADOR BRAAS DE VEIGA 8 7 7 VAO TRIVES TOURO 7 SEQUEIROS COUREL DO 7 SEOANE SARRIA COMPOSTELA 8 7 DE SANTIAGO ESTEBAN SAN ORTIGUEIRA DE 8 MARTA SANTA SALCEDO 8 REDONDELA ‘Veiga’ BROLLON DE PUEBLA PRESARAS 8 PARAMOS-GUILLAREI 7 7 ORENSE BOLO O Agricola’ MONTAOS-ORDES ‘E. LEMOS DE MONFORTE ‘Iberduero’ LEMOS DE MONFORTE LUGO LOURIZAN HERBON-PADRON ATOD E 7 7 7 CAUREL DE FOLGOSO REI DE CASTRO PADRON AIRA OE7 XOVE 8 7 7 7 BROLLON DE PUEBLA PONTECESURES MONTEDERRAMO FOZ IZ ELMA7 LIMIA DE XINZO 7 MASMA topei iclto nteNrhr eipee(aaaeadNta1999). Nitta and (Watanabe Hemisphere Northern the DJF. in period circulation the atmospheric for NOAA’s indices from teleconnection monthly available these are averaged and also anomalies http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/data/teledoc/nao.shtml). We (CPC, height Center mb 700 Prediction Climate mean monthly to 1987) (m) Elevation (N) Latitude 7 (W) Longitude precipitation the characterized ACIVEIROS to used stations rain-gauge Name 47 the of Galicia. Location in 1. Table hne vrteAlni n aicbsn nuedcdlsit nthe in decadal-shifts induce basins Pacific and Atlantic the over Changes ˜ ˜ A7 -EOURO8 A-AEROPUERTO topei aiblt nfehae input freshwater on variability Atmospheric                                        142 42 43 43 11 42 57 43 23 43 42 41 42 47 12 43 51 42 48 16 22 19 043 42 42 42 42 30 43 35 42 13 42 38 42 42 15 42 18 42 15 43 42 24 42 25 42 40 42 50 38 42 42 36 24 42 23 42 43 38 36 42 51 42 43 43 30 25 42 30 42 30 43 20 33 39 38 15         243 442 142942942 543542 343                                      5612 439 106 30 35 38 343 12 766 12 1100 15 103 16 978 26 10 41 18 20 160 520 255 41 1150 711 761 316 33 280 13 661 39 550 15 367 20 180 52 10 27 40 38 20 46 400 53 401 26 41 20 24 17 150 35 798 33 900 43 363 363 19 71 18 16 60 58 31 25 31 28 24 44 33         519 260 9 3 1440 5 600 3 410 2 306 3452 952 7   657 450 381 Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 382 cniai.I h aeo oiiesaeo h ioe rsueover pressure dipole, the of of latitude the the over state approach located to positive action track of a storm the center of forcing a positive, has case Atlantic be dipole the will the of SCA Scandinavia influence continent. the In between the crossroad, Scandinavia. of a Iberian on that over located of and precipitation is Galicia north of that decrease shows the consequent negative over a important settled with an phase, center shows positive Galicia. high-pressures which its EA/WR, the in consider Peninsula to Galicia. in we the due precipitation winter if near on correlation area happens influence it important an to same correlations, an in with negative located have The to is must action but positive EA Galicia from of that 2), passes that clear centers NAO is (table Considering the the of dipole. correlations influences with NAO where the dipole, latitude the from north–south of a seen southwest is the be EA can values. as positive Galicia be in will High precipitation Azores Galicia subtropical difficult. reach the to more Atlantic. that fronts, or North associated mean the easier their will from either and systems NAO fronts low-pressure cold the the preventing of of of strong, state passage phase the the Therefore, positive make NAO. A will the of winter in magnitude in track the storm NAO on The associ- strongly Atlantic. fronts depends North cold the area of from this passage traveling the systems by low-pressure characterized with is ated Galicia pre- Europe. of of part variability Atlantic main the 2) explain (table index SCA results Galicia. and Averaged in POL EA/WR, precipitation. cipitation while EA, 95%, winter NAO, exceeds with that that correlation show level significance significant a no with for has significant SCA are and correlations EA/WR different These the EA, precipitation. between NAO, DJF correlation accumulated the the calculate and we indices data described previously the With Discussions and Results 3. 1977. in the atmospheric beginning of these series variation by of the provoked modes values choose the correlation we of ecosys- the changes, behavior in Ocean the shifts place Pacific in avoid changes took North To to the atmosphere atmosphere. also in Hemisphere and changes 2000) Northern (Hare permanent the tem to in leading changes 1990) those (Trenberth of one 1976, In nteohrhn,SAi nes–etdpl.Tecreaino hsindex this of correlation The dipole. east–west an is SCA hand, other the On winter of variability the explaining in role important an play also SCA and EA the of area an for expected was it as correlation, greater the presents NAO ne enDispersion 0.30 0.41 Mean POL EA EA/WR SCA different NAO and precipitation winter Index between coefficients Correlation indices. 2. Table .N oez n .J Taboada J. J. and Lorenzo N. M. À À À 0.14 0.39 0.52 Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ .20.14 0.10 0.16 0.02 0.01 0.02 .20.11 0.09 0.02 0.01 Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 A n C n h J rcptto tec anguesainfo 97t 1998. to 1977 from station rain-gauge each EA/WR, at NAO, precipitation indices teleconnection DJF DJF the the and between SCA coefficients and Correlation EA, 2. Figure of 40 centers of the south index with located the area but of an variations EA, with these and correlation makes a NAO a location index represents This favor the POL NAO. index to for the the not This of case Finally, Galicia. north the trajectory. located in is this action precipitation as favor with dipole, not correlation north–south do poor EA a or presents NAO if even Galicia, teto nteNOidx(gr )i per httepoetcreain are southern correlations the in poorest while our the Galicia focus of that part we appears northern the if it in example, 2) located stations For (figure the Galicia. index for obtained of NAO the interior on the attention in differences important find oevr fw oka h orlto fteeidcsfreeysain ecan we station, every for indices these of correlation the at look we if Moreover, topei aiblt nfehae input freshwater on variability Atmospheric N. 383 Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 ati spsil ofidvle nearest values find to possible is it part 384 bv-etoe ok,ta aesuidtecreainbtenNOand NAO between correlation the because the 3, studied figure considering have by that resolved works, be can above-mentioned contradiction apparent affected predominantly This regions (Zorita the pattern import- inside studies most located this previous not the by several is have However, Galicia to NAO. that significant believed the highlighted very from is have is variations hand, Galicia result climate other Europe, This on the of Galicia. influence On part of ant region. area Finisterre Atlantic whole remaining an from the the as Galicia in in because, of present can index coast is we main pattern northern 3 the SCA the figure is the on In NAO index Galicia. the main in whilst atmosphere the Cap, the is of EA/WR variation that of see Iberian modes the the of over influence a centers Moreover, low-pressure south. of the existence to track the storm Scandinavia. implies Peninsula. the positive, over index push predominant are SCA to As is positive index tends index. high-pressure center SCA this the that high-pressure to to and means This sensitive subject positive precipitation less more SCA are are winter ones because Galicia between Galicia. eastern of the of correlations part whilst western area expected, index, the Atlantic predominantly SCA in a the of located variations causes in stations way, situation precipitation this This more In Galicia. leaving depressions the near circulation, and influences Galicia, established SCA southwest approaches that become track is storm reason or positive, The is travel Galicia. index of the If part track. western storm the in cold found more are way, tions this winter. latitude in during and a coasts area, at EA Galician this positive located reach dominate a is will will Therefore pressure fronts dipole Atlantic. low the North that the of means the in pattern in part Ireland lows northern and subpolar way, The and Newfoundland this high between strong. In subtropical dipole. are the NAO both Atlantic the that of north north–south means south dipole pattern the the EA to the above, positive located explained found a correlations the is have The we pattern we in coast. EA while as located Atlantic characterizes because, index, that the positive stations this in are way, and by case part this this influenced in southern least In the the in Atlantic. correlations are North greatest Galicia the of influencing on part dipole, north–south lows northern a of also is trajectory EA positive. the is correlation located the now those although are Galicia the in pattern that coast. teleconnection northern of explaining the this north flow, the on by to western–northwestern affected lay will mostly predominantly systems stations low-pressure a index, leaving this of In Galicia, Galicia. phase in negative from precipitation Iberian of winter over stream case with conditions more the jet correlation dry leaving negative center and the the this Islands explaining of prevents Canary south Peninsula, the location the and to Europe This Scandinavia or over in north Peninsula. the precipitation located to Iberian pressure passes high It the Galicia. of of approaching existence north Galicia. the the implies inside phase indices to positive these its of and in influence precipitation WR different analyz- see of way, can same amount the we the In patterns, variations. on other NAO influence to the sensitive ing weaker so a not are have precipitation winter fronts cold area, ern nadtie td fteersls ti osbet sals itiuino the of distribution a establish to possible is it results, these of study detailed a In correla- higher the where pattern east–west an presents index SCA the Finally, NAO, the as same the almost is Galicia on EA the of influence of pattern The EA/ 2). (figure correlation negative a shows EA/WR of influences of pattern The tal et .N oez n .J Taboada J. J. and Lorenzo N. M. 92 Rodo 1992, . ..Terao ol eta ntenorth- the in that be could reason The 0.7. tal et 97 Rodriguez-Puebla 1997, . tal et 2001). . Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 aes ti neetn ont httervrdshrei oeiprato the on important more is discharge river the that note to coastal interesting those of each is production will plume primary waters It and river coastal waters. transport the of on characteristics of consequences physicochemical with conditions different, the the be intro- consequence this alter a In the as precipitation. will in by and precipitation shown dominated year, of was is variation the flow As whose the to Galicia. in short, way, in applied NAO are estuaries be Galicia to in the can attributed rivers of results influence duction, hydrodynamics These lower the Peninsula. the of Iberian explain The study the to SCA. studying help than northern works also lower the previous can on but variability Galicia considerable, whole precipitation also of the winter in is coast explaining role EA in secondary EA/WR of of northern a influence importance the plays the on SCA finally while influence. and coast, greater southern area is the a NAO and present Galicia. interior EA/WR inside the coast areas in considered one the important gen- on most depends for the indices responsible these Moreover, are and of anomalies. SCA influence precipitation EA/WR, winter the by NAO, modulating represented and by anomalies dipole represented climate east–west erating structures area. the dipole with Atlantic together north north–south that EA the the indices in way, with variations this precipitation region atmospheric In winter of the of patterns precipita- correlation near different winter considered of characterize latitudes, have variability we the middle necessary explain Thus, it to the tion. make indices values but teleconnection negative in other to variability, consider positive located to from climate changes Galicia, influences low-frequency NAO of the the where the location of location, this portion special with expected substantial the As a Europe. is of therefore explains part and Atlantic Peninsula NAO the Iberian to the belonging of corner region northwestern a the in located is Galicia Conclusions Galicia of 4. calculated. rest previously the than because greater results, indices correlation the with in NAO, bias by a affected introduces is This pattern. EA/WR rcptto nteIeinPnnua aeue nyoemtoooia tto in station meteorological Coru one La only used at second have located Peninsula, the Galicia Iberian is the in influence precipitation whose Indices (b) influence, greater with Indices (a) highest. 3. Figure g NAO; , EA/WR; , topei aiblt nfehae input freshwater on variability Atmospheric ~ a n hc al notergo otaetdb the by affected most region the into falls which and na, . EA; , ^ C;and SCA; , þ POL. , 385 Downloaded By: [Universidad de Vigo] At: 08:32 9 March 2007 H H J 386 H R R L E T R B B Rı Galician due the important really of both is production This fishery account estuaries. high into the the the in take to on located must rivers the studies from region explain future discharge this freshwater that Rı reason, the in indices this of plumes are for Hydrodynamics river indices. SCA and, of and precipitation, variability NAO of interannual area, variability this the In of most Galicia. of area Atlantic deo h taicto n yrdnmc fteRı the knowl- of our hydrodynamics improving consequent variability, and its its we stratification and with Hemisphere, the flow Galicia Northern of river over of the edge precipitation knowledge in of the atmosphere to forecast the application seasonal of a variation prepare of could modes or indices References by support the acknowledges program. L. Cajal N. y acknowledged. Ramon gratefully the Government is Galician Galicia) the of de Environment (Xunta of Department the from support Financial Acknowledgements plumes. river ones amb steban renberth ode arnston odo uiz odriguez are urrell urrell -V . V A., , ..adM and S.J. , ..adP and P.J. , ..adM and M.B. , . B X., , 97ad1989. and 1977 otenHmshr temperature. Hemisphere Northern 1880–1992. period the for Spain in Climatology precipitation of patterns uoedrn h rsn etr:rltosiswt h ot tatcOscillation Atlantic North the with Nin relationships El century: the present and the during Europe Hemisphere. precipitation. and tures ultno mrcnMtrlgclSociety Meterological American of ECSA Bulletin of Anniversary 30th the Mark to Papers bra eisl n t eainhpt iclto indices. circulation to relationship its Sciences System and peninsula Iberian spill. oil Prestige the on inuence their and Iberia Northwest 55 P Iberian northwestern and north the in phytoplankton spring. and during shelf waters central Atlantic p 1083–1126. pp. o rqec topei iclto patterns. circulation atmospheric frequency low iedracoba illareal p 220–238. pp. , -P .. 96 nuneo aitosi xrtoia itrietlcnetoson teleconnections wintertime extratropical in variations of Influence 1996, J.W., , .. 95 eaa rnsi h ot tatcOclain einltempera- Regional Oscillation: Atlantic North the in trends Decadal 1995, J.W., , ..adL and A.G. , arra .. 90 eetosre nedcdlciaecagsi h Northern the in changes climate interdecadal observed Recent 1990, K.E., , -P arela aert uebla .. 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