Transformative Research at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Edited by Kerry K
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Transformative Research at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Undergraduate at Predominately Research Transformative Edited by Kerry K. Karukstis & Nancy Hensel Kerry by Edited K. Karukstis & Nancy Transformative Research at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Edited by Kerry K. Karukstis Nancy Hensel Harvey Mudd College Council on Undergraduate Research Transformative Research at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Edited by Kerry K. Karukstis Nancy Hensel Harvey Mudd College Council on Undergraduate Research The Council on Undergraduate Research thanks the National Science Foundation (NSF Award #0802506), Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for supporting this work. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, Research Corporation for Science Advancement or the Petroleum Research Fund. Transformative Research at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Copyright 2010 by the Council on Undergraduate Research All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For Permission to reprint any chapter, please contact the Council on Undergraduate Research ISBN 978-094193333-9 Composition by Maryland Composition Cover Design by Jill Garbe, Automated Graphic Systems Council on Undergraduate Research 734 15th St. NW Suite 550 Washington, DC 20005 www.cur.org Contents Preface Arthur B. Ellis . v Executive Summary . ix Why Should Undergraduates and Undergraduate Institutions be Involved in Transformative Research? Thomas J. Wenzel ..................................................... 1 How Should (Do) We Promote Undergraduate Research at PUIs? Paula F. Dehn ....................................................... 7 Promoting Supportive Environments for Transformative Research at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Julio J. Ramirez . .................................................... 13 Multiple Approaches to Transformative Research Kerry K. Karukstis . .................................................. 21 Using Transformative Research to Enrich Science Curricula and Enhance Experiential Learning Ginger Withers and Jerusha Detwiller-Bedell . ............................. 35 The Role of Department Chairs in Promoting and Supporting Transformative Research Diane W. Husic . ..................................................... 47 Transformative Research as a Means of Transforming Landscapes and Revitalizing Academic Departments: A Case Study Diane W. Husic . ..................................................... 65 Supporting Potentially Transformative Research: The Administrator’s Perspective Neal Abraham, Beth A. Cunningham, Sean Decatur, Paula Dehn, Moses Lee, Jeffrey M. Osborn . ......................................... 71 Effective Collaborations to Support Transformative Research Jeffrey G. Ryan and Lisette DePillis . .................................... 89 iii SUPPORTING POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE RESEARCH AT PREDOMINATELY UNDERGRADUATE INSTITUTIONS Creating Future Science: The Role of Private Foundations in Shaping Research Activities at PUIs Silvia Ronco . ....................................................... 97 Non-Traditional Sources of Research Funding at Predominately Undergraduate Institutions Nancy S. Mills ....................................................... 105 Appendices . 117 Intellectual Property Policy DePauw University . 119 List of Summit Participants . 125 iv Preface The first decade of the 21st century has been marked by a growing awareness of the fragile state of our economy, environment, public health, and national security—all areas highly dependent on research and technology . Over the same period, we have witnessed a degree of national anxiety regarding the strength of our country’s research enterprise, which un- derpins our ability to innovate and provide leadership in all of those areas . Once regarded as pre-eminent, the United States’ research portfolio more recently has been characterized as under-funded, while the processes used to select projects strike many as overly conserva- tive . Meanwhile, other countries have been making significant investments to enhance their research enterprises, and as a result they increasingly challenge our leadership in various disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields of research . In addition, our nation’s management of its research portfolio has led many researchers and students to leave research or opt not to pursue careers in research- and innovation-intensive fields that they perceive as too un- welcoming and unrewarding . It was against this background in 2005 that an influential National Academies report appeared entitled Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, http://www .nap .edu/catalog/11463 .html . The report noted that “reducing the risk for individual research projects increases the likelihood that breakthrough, ‘disruptive’ technologies will not be found—the kinds of discoveries that yield huge returns ”. One of the recommendations labeled as “most urgent” therefore was: “Sustain and strengthen the nation’s traditional commitment to long-term basic research that has the potential to be transformational, to maintain the flow of new ideas that fuel the economy, provide security, and enhance the quality of life ”. During this period, the National Science Board (NSB), which oversees the National Sci- ence Foundation (NSF), also organized a Task Force on Transformative Research that met during 2004-06 . The task force’s 2007 report, entitled Enhancing Support of Transformative v SUPPORTING POTENTIALLY TRANSFORMATIVE RESEARCH AT PREDOMINATELY UNDERGRADUATE INSTITUTIONS Research at the National Science Foundation, http://www .nsf .gov/nsb/documents/2007/ tr_report .pdf, provides the following definition: Transformative research is defined as research driven by ideas that have the potential to radically change our understanding of an important existing scientific or engi- neering concept or leading to the creation of a new paradigm or field of science or engineering. Such research also is characterized by its challenge to current under- standing or its pathway to new frontiers. The National Academies’ 2005 report, which had been requested by members of Congress, galvanized action in the form of the America COMPETES Act of 2007, http://science .house . gov/legislation/leg_highlights_detail .aspx?NewsID=1938 . The America COMPETES Act, which drew broad bipartisan support, in part “expresses a sense of Congress that each fed- eral research agency should support and promote innovation through funding for high-risk, high-reward research ”. Those welcome developments underscored the notion that promoting transformative research is a national responsibility that will determine how effectively we compete in the global marketplace . Academic institutions that conduct research are in an ideal position to promote a culture of supporting transformative research and innovation, both through the research projects that are conducted and the students who are trained to become our next- generation technical workforce . The Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR) is to be commended for convening a meeting of academic leaders from predominantly undergraduate institutions (PUIs) in June 2009 at Snowmass, Utah, to consider how best to support transformative research at such institutions . Support for the meeting from the National Science Foundation, Research Corporation, and the American Chemical Society’s Petroleum Research Fund provided a strong endorsement of the conference’s objective . Predominantly undergraduate colleges and universities have a rich history of contributing to our nation’s research excellence . Meeting attendees recognized that many of their colleagues and undergraduates were already engaged in transformative research projects on their campuses, ranging from contributing to large-scale efforts like the search for gravitational waves to individual research projects associated with emerging fields like systems biology . The conference was characterized by animated conversations regarding how to enhance this kind of research and ensure that it is valued and recognized as integral to the misson of these institutions . This volume represents a compilation of the many excellent ideas that were presented during the course of the meeting . As government, academic, scientific and business leaders think about transformative research and how to advance it, PUIs have much to share in terms of experience with, and models for, promoting it . Enhancing transformative research vi Preface will entail challenges in every aspect of the academic culture, including administrative organization, curriculum, space, faculty reward structures, and intellectual property and technology transfer . The voices of PUIs are integral to this national conversation about transformative research, and the models that PUIs develop will help inform the actions of the broader academic research community . This volume is certain to stimulate a lively dialogue that will raise consciousness and promote purposeful reforms in our research enterprise . There is much work to be done, and our nation more than ever needs the ingenuity of its entire research community . Arthur B . Ellis Vice Chancellor for Research University of California, San Diego September, 2009 abellis@ucsd .edu vii Executive Summary