ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(10), 1195-1202
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Vigilantism V. the State: a Case Study of the Rise and Fall of Pagad, 1996–2000
Vigilantism v. the State: A case study of the rise and fall of Pagad, 1996–2000 Keith Gottschalk ISS Paper 99 • February 2005 Price: R10.00 INTRODUCTION South African Local and Long-Distance Taxi Associa- Non-governmental armed organisations tion (SALDTA) and the Letlhabile Taxi Organisation admitted that they are among the rivals who hire hit To contextualise Pagad, it is essential to reflect on the squads to kill commuters and their competitors’ taxi scale of other quasi-military clashes between armed bosses on such a scale that they need to negotiate groups and examine other contemporary vigilante amnesty for their hit squads before they can renounce organisations in South Africa. These phenomena such illegal activities.6 peaked during the1990s as the authority of white su- 7 premacy collapsed, while state transfor- Petrol-bombing minibuses and shooting 8 mation and the construction of new drivers were routine. In Cape Town, kill- democratic authorities and institutions Quasi-military ings started in 1993 when seven drivers 9 took a good decade to be consolidated. were shot. There, the rival taxi associa- clashes tions (Cape Amalgamated Taxi Associa- The first category of such armed group- between tion, Cata, and the Cape Organisation of ings is feuding between clans (‘faction Democratic Taxi Associations, Codeta), fighting’ in settler jargon). This results in armed groups both appointed a ‘top ten’ to negotiate escalating death tolls once the rural com- peaked in the with the bus company, and a ‘bottom ten’ batants illegally buy firearms. For de- as a hit squad. The police were able to cades, feuding in Msinga1 has resulted in 1990s as the secure triple life sentences plus 70 years thousands of displaced persons. -
Jihadism: Online Discourses and Representations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 1 Studying Jihadism 2 3 4 5 6 Volume 2 7 8 9 10 11 Edited by Rüdiger Lohlker 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 The volumes of this series are peer-reviewed. 37 38 Editorial Board: Farhad Khosrokhavar (Paris), Hans Kippenberg 39 (Erfurt), Alex P. Schmid (Vienna), Roberto Tottoli (Naples) 40 41 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 1 Rüdiger Lohlker (ed.) 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jihadism: Online Discourses and 8 9 Representations 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 With many figures 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 & 37 V R unipress 38 39 Vienna University Press 40 41 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; 24 detailed bibliographic data are available online: http://dnb.d-nb.de. -
Legalised Pedigrees: Sayyids and Shiʽi Islam in Pakistan
Legalised Pedigrees: Sayyids and Shiʽi Islam in Pakistan SIMON WOLFGANG FUCHS Abstract This article draws on a wide range of Shiʽi periodicals and monographs from the s until the pre- sent day to investigate debates on the status of Sayyids in Pakistan. I argue that the discussion by reform- ist and traditionalist Shiʽi scholars (ʽulama) and popular preachers has remained remarkably stable over this time period. Both ‘camps’ have avoided talking about any theological or miracle-working role of the Prophet’s kin. This phenomenon is remarkable, given the fact that Sayyids share their pedigree with the Shiʽi Imams, who are credited with superhuman qualities. Instead, Shiʽi reformists and traditionalists have discussed Sayyids predominantly as a specific legal category. They are merely entitled to a distinct treatment as far as their claims to charity, patterns of marriage, and deference in daily life is concerned. I hold that this reductionist and largely legalising reading of Sayyids has to do with the intense competition over religious authority in post-Partition Pakistan. For both traditionalist and reformist Shiʽi authors, ʽulama, and preachers, there was no room to acknowledge Sayyids as potential further competitors in their efforts to convince the Shiʽi public about the proper ‘orthodoxy’ of their specific views. Keywords: status of Sayyids; religious authority in post-Partition Pakistan; ahl al-bait; Shiʻi Islam Bashir Husain Najafi is an oddity. Today’s most prominent Pakistani Shiʽi scholar is counted among Najaf’s four leading Grand Ayatollahs.1 Yet, when he left Pakistan for Iraq in in order to pursue higher religious education, the deck was heavily stacked against him. -
Questions Answers 1 What Was the Famous Tribe in Mecca? Quraish 2
# Questions Answers 1 What was the famous tribe in Mecca? Quraish 2 Name the parents of Muhammad (s)? Abdullah and Amina 3 Who was Abdul Muttalib? The grandfather of Mohammad(s) 4 What day was Muhammad (s) born? 12th of Rabiul Awwal the year of elephants 5 Where was Muhammad (s) born? City of Mecca 6 How many brothers and sisters did Muhammad (s) Mohammad(s) had no have? siblings. He was the only child 7 Can you name any significant event before Abraha’s elephant army Muhammad (s) was born? 8 Who was the lady who nursed him and what tribe Haleema Sadiya tribe of did she belong to? Sa’ad bin Bakr of Hawazin 9 What important event took place with the nurse? Jibrael cleansed his heart with Zam Zam water 10 Who took care of Muhammad (s) when his Abu Talib, his uncle grandfather passed away? 11 At what age was Muhammad (s) when his mother He was six years old passed away? 12 Name the place where Amina passed away? Abwa located between Mecca and Madina 13 Who brought Muhammad (s) to Mecca? Ume-Aimen 14 What was Muhammad (s) age when his Eight years old grandfather passed away? 15 Which city did Mohammad(s) go for business? Sham (Syria) 16 What profession was Muhammad (s) involved in? business 17 When did Mohammad(s) father pass away? Before Mohammad(s) birth 18 Who was Muhammad (s) first wife? Khadija (r) 19 What was Muhammad (s) wife impressed by? His honesty 20 Who did Muhammad (s) marriage ceremony? Abu Talib 21 Name all the children the couple had? Zainab, Ruqaiya, Ume- Kulthoom, Fatima, Qasim and Abdullah 22 Who was the mother of Ibrahim -
Īmān, Islām, Taqwā, Kufr, Shirk, and Nifāq: Definitions, Examples and Impacts on Human Life
IIUC Studies 14(2) DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v14i2.39882 Īmān, Islām, taqwā, kufr, shirk, and nifāq: Definitions, examples and impacts on human life Md. Mahmudul Hassan Centre for University Requirement Courses (CENURC) International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Bangladesh Abstract The Holy Qur‟an encompasses the comprehensive code for mankind to live a rewarding life in this world, to rescue from the Jahannam and to enter the Jannah in the Hereafter. Īmān, Islām, taqwā, kufr, shirk, and nifāq are, the six significant terms, used in the Noble Qur‟an frequently. All of them represent the characteristics of human beings. The possessors of these characters will go to their eternal destination; the Jannah or Jahannam. The Jannah is the aftermath of īmān, Islam and taqwā. On the other hand, kufr, shirk, and nifāq lead to the Jahannam. This study intends to present the definitions and examples of these six terms according to the Qur‟anic statement, and then shed light on the impact of each character on human life quoting the evidence from the Holy Qur‟an and the Traditions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The possessors of these six remarkable terms are entitled successively as mu'min, muslim, muttaqī to be rewarded Jannah and kafīr, mushrik, and munāfiq to be punished in Jahannam. Keywords The Comprehensive code, Eternal destination, Qur‟anic terms Paper type Literature review 1. Introduction Īmān, Islām, and taqwā are three positive divine instructions whereas, kufr, shirk, and nifāq are three negative characteristics which are strongly prohibited by divine decrees. The Jannah and the Jahannam are two eternal destinations of humanities in the Hereafter. -
And When the Believers Saw the Confederates Abu Hasan Al-Muhajir June 12, 2017
And When The Believers Saw The Confederates Abu Hasan al-Muhajir June 12, 2017 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] All praise is due to Allah, who said in His Book, “And when the believers saw the confederates, they said, ‘This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us, and Allah and His Messenger spoke the truth.’ And it increased them only in faith and acceptance” (Al-Ahzab 22). I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, alone and without partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and messenger, whom Allah sent with the sword before the Hour as a bringer of glad tidings and a warner, and as a caller to Allah with His permission and an illuminating lamp. Through him Allah established the proof, clarified the correct path, and brought triumph to the true religion. He waged jihad in the path of Allah until the religion became upright by him. May Allah’s blessings and abundant peace be upon him, and upon his family. As for what follows: Indeed, from the sunnah (established way) of Allah which neither alters nor changes is that He tests His believing slaves, as He has informed us with His statement, “Do the people think that they will be left to say, ‘We believe’ and they will not be tried? But We have certainly tried those before them, and Allah will surely make evident those who are truthful, and He will surely make evident the liars” (Al-Ankabut 2-3). -
2. Birth of the Prophet
On the Path of the Beloved The Birth of the Prophet In the Name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Ever-Merciful. Peace and blessings be upon our Prophet . This is the second day of Ramadan. How are you feeling? Are you still enthusiastic? Always keep in mind the six merits of fasting Ramadan, so that when you feel your strength is letting you down, these can lift your spirits up: 1- Forgiveness of your sins. 2- Escaping Hellfire. 3- A treasure of good deeds (multiply every good deed by 70). 4- The prayer of a fasting person, at the time of breaking the fast, is answered. 5- “The Night of Determination ‘ Al Qadr’ is better than a thousand months” ( 97:3), and we have to prepare for it as of today. 6- Allah’s delight with his fasting subjects. We have agreed on our motto: “I will worship Allah, like I have never done before.” We have also put a table containing six points that the Prophet used to maintain in Ramadan, and we have said that women will be in charge of preparing the table and passing it to their men. These points were: 1- Praying the five daily prayers ‘jamaa’, (in congregation). 2- Observing and maintaining family ties. 3- Daily charity. 4- A special daily prayer, specifically to be saved from Hellfire and to instigate the revival of our nation. 5- Reading the entire Qur’an. 6- Do at least one positive action every day (like guiding someone to the straight path or any other action of some benefit to society). -
Prayer for Young and New Muslims
Prayer For Young and New Muslims Imam Yahya M. Al-Hussein 2 Prayer For Young and New Muslims By Imam Yahya M. Al-Hussein Published by: The Islamic Foundation of Ireland 163, South Circular Road, Dublin 8, Ireland. Tel. 01-4533242 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.islaminireland.com 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 7 CHAPTER ONE: PREPARATION FOR THE PRAYER–STAGE 1 9 1.1. THE PRE-CONDITIONS OF PRAYER 11 1.2. WUDU -ABLUTION 12 1.3. THINGS THAT BREAK WUDU -ABLUTION 14 CHAPTER TWO : PRAYER – STAGE 1 2.1. NAMES AND RAK'ATS OF PRAYERS 17 2.2. TIMES OF PRAYER 18 2.3. IQAMAH 20 2.4. SHORT SURAS (QUR’ANIC CHAPTERS) FOR PRAYER 21 2.5. AT-TASHAHUD 24 2.6. HOW THE PRAYER IS PERFORMED 25 2.7. HOW THE FIVE DAILY PRAYERS ARE PERFORMED 28 CHAPTER THREE: PREPARATION FOR THE PRAYER – STAGE 2 3.1. TYPES OF WATER 33 3.2. GHUSL 35 3.3. TAYAMMUM 38 3.4. WIPING OVER THE SOCKS 40 3.5. RULES OF THE TOILET ROOM 42 CHAPTER FOUR : PRAYER – STAGE 2 4.1. AS-SALATU 'ALA AN-NABBI 45 4.2. FARD ACTS OF THE PRAYER 46 5 4.3. SUNNAH ACTS OF THE PRAYER 47 4.4. DHIKR AND DU'AS AFTER SALAM (END OF PRAYER) 49 4.5. DISLIKED ACTS DURING THE PRAYER 50 4.6. THINGS THAT BREAK THE PRAYER 51 4.7. FORBIDDEN TIMES FOR PRAYER 52 4.8. THE PRAYER OF A TRAVELLER 54 4.9. SUJUD AS-SAHW (PROSTRATION OF FORGETFULNESS) 57 4.10. -
A Journey from Darkness Towards Light: the Quranic Perspective on the Concept of Light - Part VII
A Journey from Darkness towards Light: The Quranic Perspective on the Concept of Light - Part VII MOHAMMAD ALI SHOMALI Abstract In the previous part, we mentioned different types of remembrance (dhikr) and then examined some of the definitions of dhikr given by scholars. In this part, reviewing different types of remembrance of God, i.e. remembrance by word, by meaning, by heart, and by act, we explain the real meaning of dhikr and then refer to the role of dhikr in achieving light. Remembering God, after some modifications, is defined as repaying attention to God’s essence, attributes, or acts with a positive attitude. Keywords: types of remembrance, attention, positive attitude, light Different Types of Remembrance There are different types of remembrance (dhikr): One type is what we call remembrance by words (dhikr-e-lafzi). We invoke or remember God 5 Spiritual Quest Summer and Autumn 2017. Vol. 7. No. 2 by saying His names, such as Allah, Rahman, Rahim, Ghafur, and Aziz, and phrases like Subhan Allah, and Allah-u Akbar. However, saying God’s names without attention is not very fruitful—just like it is not enough for a patient to merely say, “O Doctor, O Doctor!” In Dua Kumayl, we say, “O One whose name is medicine and whose remembrance is healing!” which indicates that remembrance is the main thing. If you have a medicine but do not take it, you will not recover. God’s name is medicine, but remembering Him is healing. Although remembrance by words is important, it does not reach the level of the second type of remembrance: remembrance by meaning. -
Abdullah Ibn Rawahah." People Prepared Themselves to Set Off
THE BATTLES OF THE PROPHET BY IBN KATHIR THE BATTLES OF THE PROPHET Ibn Kathir Translated by Wa'il Abdul Mufaal Shihab Dar Al-Manarah For Translation, Publishing & Distribution El-Mansoura - Egypt Tel.: 002050/384254 - Fax : 002050/310501 Hand phone: 012/3605049 P.O.BOX : 35I38 ® Dar Al-Manarah for Translation, Publishing & Distribution First edition 1420/2000 Second edition 1421/2001 1 * * * Dar Al-Manarah For Translation, Publishing& Distribution - El-Mansoura - Egypt Tel : 002050/384254 - Fax : 310501 Hand phone : 012/3605049 P.O.BOX : 35I38 Translator's Note Praise be to Allah. We thank Him, seek His Help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils within ourselves and that of our bad deeds. He whom Allah guides, is truly guided, and whom he Allah leaves to stray, none can guide him. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His final Prophet. In fact, the task of translation is not an easy one. Rather, it is a tremendous one, particularly when it is related to religion. So, I ask Allah to forgive my sins and dedicate this work for His Sake. However, I would like to draw the attention of the readers to the following points: a) This translation is not literal one. Rather, it is an abridged translation. b) The translation of the Qur'anic verses are quoted from Yusuf 'Ali's translation of The Holy Q'ur'an. c) When I see it is necessary to comment on something I put it between square brackets: [t. J. d) This work is a part of Ibn Kathir's valuable work Al- Bidayyah wan-Nihayyah. -
The Radiance of the Secrets of Prayer
The Radiance of the Secrets of Prayer by Muhsin Qara‟ati Translator and typesetter: Mansoor Limba Project supervisor: Translation Unit, Cultural Affairs Department Ahl al-Bayt („a) World Assembly (ABWA) ISBN: 978-964-529-434-0 Published by: Ahlul Bayt World Assembly (ABWA) Keshavarz Blvd., Opposite to Laleh Park, P.O. Box: 14155-7368 Tehran, IRAN Site : www.ahl-ul-bayt.org E-mail: [email protected] © Ahl al-Bayt („a) World Assembly (ABWA) The Radiance of the Secrets of Prayer Title Foreword Preface Chapter 1 Worship {„ibadah} -Why worship {„ibadah}? -Reasons for worship 1. Greatness of God 2. Feelings of dependence 3. Awareness of blessings 4. Human nature {fitrah} -Role of worship 1. Making the perishable perpetual 2. Changing the material into the spiritual 3. Individual and collective development -Dimensions of worship 1. Reflection on the handiwork of God 2. Earning a living 3. Seeking knowledge 4. Rendering service to the people 5. Waiting for the global government of justice -How we should worship 1. Conscious worship 2. Fervent worship 3. Sincere worship 4. Worshipping submissively 5. Worshipping in private -Dangers threatening worship 1. Ostentation {riya‟} 2. Self-conceit {„ujb} 3. Sin -Ways of avoiding pride and self-conceit {„ujb} 1. Have we really worshipped? 2. Have our acts of worship been accepted? 3. Futile acts of worship 4. Will we achieve redemption? 5. Comparing acts of worship and blessings 6. Comparing acts of worship and complacencies 7. Comparing acts of worship and needs 8. Comparing our state of worship with that of the divine saints -Invalid acts of worship -Servitude and not worship -Constancy in worship -Opportunity to engage in worship -Enduring difficulties of worship -Promotion of worship -Duty and its conditions 1. -
Stories of the Prophets
Stories of the Prophets Written by Al-Imam ibn Kathir Translated by Muhammad Mustapha Geme’ah, Al-Azhar Stories of the Prophets Al-Imam ibn Kathir Contents 1. Prophet Adam 2. Prophet Idris (Enoch) 3. Prophet Nuh (Noah) 4. Prophet Hud 5. Prophet Salih 6. Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) 7. Prophet Isma'il (Ishmael) 8. Prophet Ishaq (Isaac) 9. Prophet Yaqub (Jacob) 10. Prophet Lot (Lot) 11. Prophet Shuaib 12. Prophet Yusuf (Joseph) 13. Prophet Ayoub (Job) 14 . Prophet Dhul-Kifl 15. Prophet Yunus (Jonah) 16. Prophet Musa (Moses) & Harun (Aaron) 17. Prophet Hizqeel (Ezekiel) 18. Prophet Elyas (Elisha) 19. Prophet Shammil (Samuel) 20. Prophet Dawud (David) 21. Prophet Sulaiman (Soloman) 22. Prophet Shia (Isaiah) 23. Prophet Aramaya (Jeremiah) 24. Prophet Daniel 25. Prophet Uzair (Ezra) 26. Prophet Zakariyah (Zechariah) 27. Prophet Yahya (John) 28. Prophet Isa (Jesus) 29. Prophet Muhammad Prophet Adam Informing the Angels About Adam Allah the Almighty revealed: "Remember when your Lord said to the angels: 'Verily, I am going to place mankind generations after generations on earth.' They said: 'Will You place therein those who will make mischief therein and shed blood, while we glorify You with praises and thanks (exalted be You above all that they associate with You as partners) and sanctify You.' Allah said: 'I know that which you do not know.' Allah taught Adam all the names of everything, then He showed them to the angels and said: "Tell Me the names of these if you are truthful." They (angels) said: "Glory be to You, we have no knowledge except what You have taught us.