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Download (702KB) Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(5): 1716-1722 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Pharmacognostic study and establishment of quality JPP 2017; 6(5): 1716-1722 Received: 10-07-2017 parameters of Jatropha gossypiifolia L Accepted: 11-08-2017 Pande Jyoti Pande Jyoti, Moteiya Pooja, Padalia Hemali and Chanda Sumitra Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological laboratory, Abstract Department of Biosciences Objectives: Today complicated modern research tools for evaluation of the plant drugs are available but (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India microscopic method is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to start with for establishing the correct identity of the source materials. Moteiya Pooja Material and Methods: Pharmacognostic investigation of leaf and stem of Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. Phytochemical, Pharmacological was carried out to determine its macro and microscopic characters. Physicochemical analysis which and Microbiological laboratory, included parameter like loss on drying, total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, sulphated ash, Department of Biosciences extractive values in different solvents like (petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra was done. Qualitative phytochemcial analysis and fluorescence analysis was also done. University, Rajkot, India Results: The leaves possessed a cordate base, sariated glandular margine, sub-acute apex and both Padalia Hemali surfaces were very rough with rigid hairs on surface. Internally, it showed presence of anomocytic Phytochemical, Pharmacological stomata, epidermis, parenchymatous tissue, secretary glands, cluster crystals of calcium oxalate, simple and Microbiological laboratory, starch grains, glandular and simple covering trichomes scattered as such throughout or attached with the Department of Biosciences cells of the epidermis. Majority of the glandular trichomes were with 4 to 5 celled uniseriate stalk from (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra petiole region. Phytochemical analysis of the powder revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents University, Rajkot, India like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatanins, triterpenes and flavonoids; phlobatanins and triterpenes were present in maximum amount. In physicochemical analysis, all the parameters were present within Chanda Sumitra the limits. Maximum extractive value was in polar solvent methanol and water. Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Microbiological laboratory, Conclusion: The pharmacognostic characters laid down in the present study will work as a tool for Department of Biosciences identification and standardization parameters of the drug in the crude form and also distinguish the drug (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra from its adulterants. University, Rajkot, India Keywords: Jatropha gossypiifolia; pharmacognosy; phytochemical analysis; physicochemical analysis; macroscopy; microscopy 1. Introduction Medicinal plants play a key role in maintaining human health and contribute towards well being of human life. Medicinal plants have been widely utilized as effective remedies for the prevention and treatment of variety of disease conditions for millennia by almost every known [1]. culture They are important components of medicines, cosmetics, dyes, beverages, etc. In the present scenario, focus on plant search has increased all over the globe enormously. Many plant species have potential of offering direct therapeutic effect individually or in combinations. Traditionally the plants are being used as medicine since ages simply because they are easily available and affordable by all the people. However, the main drawback is they are prone to adulteration and substitution either deliberately or accidentally. This has to be prevented and the best way is to lay down standardization and quality control parameters for each and every plant under study. Such studies will be finger print for a particular plant and it will ensure quality, purity and identity of the plant under study and will definitely prevent it from adulteration. The therapeutic efficacy will also be maintained. Jatropha gossypiifolia Linn. is a perennial shrub belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. The family Euphorbiaceae is quite large, comprising 321 genera and 7770 species widely distributed in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world. In India, it is represented by 70 genera and 450 species with common forms being Acalypha, Croton, Bischofia, Euphorbia, [2] Jatropha, Phyllanthus, and Emblica . The plant parts like leaf and stem are traditionally used to cure toothache, wounds, arthritis, skin disease, ulcer, leprosy, etc. Jatropha gossypiifolia is also used for commercial purpose. The plant shows different chemical constituents like 7- Correspondence keto-beta-sitosterol, beta- amyrin, beta-sitosterol-beta-d-glucoside, linoleic acid, myristic-acid, Pande Jyoti oleic-acid, stearic- acid, stigmast-5-ene-3-beta-7-alpha-diol, stigmasterol, tannin, taraxasterol, Phytochemical, Pharmacological [3] [4] [5] and Microbiological laboratory, vitexin . The plant shows different biological activities as antibacterial , anti alopecia , [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Department of Biosciences anti abscess , antianaemic , antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , anti malaria , analgesic (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra [11], antidiabetic [12, 13]. In the present study, pharmacognostic study has been done in this University, Rajkot, India medicinally important plant. ~ 1716 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2. Materials and methods 3. Results 2.1 Plant Collection 3.1 Organoleptic and Macroscopic Characteristics of J. The leaf and stem of Jatropha gossypifolia L. was collected in gossypiifolia August, 2016 from Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The plant was Organoleptic and macroscopic characteristics of J. compared with voucher specimen (voucher specimen number gossypiifolia leaf is given in Table 1 and Fig. 1 PSN691) deposited at Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The leaves and stem was Leaves washed thoroughly with tap water, shade dried and The leaf was simple palmatipartite and large and they were homogenized to fine powder and stored in closed container dark green to brown in colour, for further studies. For physicochemical studies, 10 g of dried phyllotaxy alternate, the shape was orbicular to brodly ovate powder of leaf and stem was extracted by using solvents of in outline, margin sariated glandular, apex sub-acute, leaf base different polarities (petroleum ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, symmetrical, appearance glaborous, venation reticulate, odour methanol and water) by cold percolation method [14]. The was characteristic and taste was acrid. The average leaf size solvent was evaporated to dryness and dried crude extract was was 3-7 cm in length and 5-7 cm in width. The average size of stored in air tight bottles at 4 oC. Macroscopic and petiole was 6 cm in length and many stack glands were microscopic characters were studied as described in quality present on the upper surface (Fig. 1). control methods [15]. Photographs at different magnifications were taken by using digital camera. Stem The stem was erect, glandular and brown in colour, 2.2 Pharmacognostic Studies cylindrical, up to 40-50 cm in height and 2-7 cm in thickness. Macroscopic studies The stem consisted of numerous branches, odour was Macroscopic studies were carried out by using organoleptic characteristic and taste was acrid. Outer surface was rough evaluation method. The shape, size, colour, odour, taste, base, and sticky. texture, margin, apex of leaves and stem were observed [16]. Table 1: Organoleptic features of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. Microscopic studies Parts Observation Microscopic studies were carried out by preparing thin Part Leaves sections of leaf and stem. The thin sections were further Arrangement Alternate washed with water, stained with congo red, malachite green Size 7-3 cm long, 5-7 cm wide and mounted in glycerine for observation and confirm its Shape Broadly ovate simple lignifications (10x, 40x). The powder microscopic studies Colour Dark green and brown red were also carried out and the specific diagnostic characteristic Odour Characteristic features were recorded [15]. Taste Acrid Appearance Glaborous 2.3 Physicochemical Analysis Margin Sariated glandular The physicochemical parameters like loss on drying, total ash, Apex Sub-acute acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, sulphated ash and Base Symmetrical extractive values were determined as per WHO guidelines [17] Petiole Long 3-6 cm in dried powder of J. gossypiifolia. The details of the Texture Smooth procedure followed are as described earlier [18]. Veination Reticulate veination 2.4 Qualitative phytochemical analysis The detection of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatanins, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, triterpenes and anthocyanins were carried out following the procedure of Harborne [19]. The details of the procedure followed are as described earlier [20]. 2.5 Fluorescence Analysis Fluorescence study of J. gossypiifolia powder was performed as per Chase and Pratt [21]. A small quantity of the powder was placed on a grease free clean microscopic slide and 1-2 drops of freshly prepared reagent solution were added, mixed by gentle tilting of the slide and waited for a few minutes. Then the slide was placed inside the UV chamber and observed in visible light, short (254 nm) and long (365nm) ultra violet radiations. The colours observed by application of different reagents in different radiations were recorded.
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