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Pharmacological Review of Jatropha Gossypiifolia and Senna Alata

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Pharmacological Review of Jatropha Gossypiifolia and Senna Alata International Journal of Botany Studies International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 Received: 05-09-2020; Accepted: 20-09-2020: Published: 06-10-2020 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 5; 2020; Page No. 323-328 Pharmacological review of Jatropha Gossypiifolia and Senna Alata S Babyvanitha1, B Jaykar2 1-2 Department of Pharmacology, Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract This review provides updated Pharmacological activity of Jatropha gossypiifollia and senna alata. Jatropha gossypiifollia used as analgesics, neuropharmacological agents, anti-diarrheal, anit-cancer, hypotensive, vasorelaxant, coagulant and anti- inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, hepatoprotective, and anti-diabetic activity. Latex of J.Gossypiifollia used as hemostatic agent. The J.gossypiifollia leaves are used to treat multiple boils in the skin, dermatitis, itches, and tongue sore of babies, inflammation of milk secreting glands, stomach ache, and sexually transmitted diseases and also the leaf decoction is used for cleaning the wounds. Seeds are emetic and purgative. Senna alata roots, leaf, bark, flower and seed extracts possesses pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial, immune boosting activities. Keywords: anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-tumor. J. Gossypiifollia, Senna alata, haemostatic 1. Introduction Clade: Tracheophytes Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae), also called as Clade: Eudicots “bellyache bush” is largely used throughout the country for Clade: Rosids their medicinal purposes. Different preparations and parts of Order: Malpighiales the plants are used for human and veterinary medicinal uses. Family: Euphorbiaceae This review provides traditional uses, as well as Genus: Jatropha pharmacological activity of J. gossypiifolia l. and Senna Species: J. gossypiifolia alata. Various compounds are isolated from these two plants and their pharmacological studies provide significant action Senna alata also known as Cassia alata (Family: of different extracts and (or) isolated compounds as Leguminosae). In Tamil it is known as semaiagathi. antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, anti- Commonly called as Candle bush, Christmas candle, hypertensive, and anticancer agents. Senna alata leaves Acapulo, Ringworm bush, Emperor Candle stick, and extract commonly used to treat ringworm, fungicidal and Calabra bush. Senna alata is a shrub with an average height has an antibacterial, laxative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor of between 1 and 5 metres and their branches spread and diuretic property. Clinical trials are not conducted to till horizontally. Leaves are 50 to 60cm long with 8 to 20 pairs date. Need to screen important folk uses, and to find new of leaflets. Each leaflet is oblong or elliptic oblong and bioactive molecules with pharmacological purpose based on rounded at both ends. Its flowers are dense in auxiliary the demand. racemes, about 20 to 50 cm long and 3 to 4 cm broad. The inflorescence looks like a yellow candle. The plant fruits are a thick, flattened with wings and glabrous pods. They grow well in full sun in wide range of soils that retain moisture adequately. The species is easy to grow from the seed. Fig 1: Plant Jatropha gossypiifolia Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Fig: Plant Senna alata 323 International Journal of Botany Studies www.botanyjournals.com Kingdom: Plantae demonstrated significant analgesic activity in Eddy’s hot Clade: Tracheophytes plate [6]. Clade: Angiosperms Analgesic activity of J.gossypiifolia was determined by tail Clade: Eudicots flick method and by eddy’s hot plate method. The albino Clade: Rosids mice were divided into six groups of six animals each. Order: Fabales Group I received 0.2ml of 2% w/v carboxy methyl cellulose Family: Fabaceae suspension orally for 7 days as a control group. Group II Genus: Senna received 100 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of Species: S.alata. jatropha gossypiifolia orally for 7 days. Group III received 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of Jatropha Phytochemistry gossypiifolia orally for 7 days, Group IV received 100 Chemical constituents of Various Extracts of mg/kg body weight of petroleum ether extract of Jatropha J.gossypiifolia & Senna alata. gossypiifolia orally for 7 days, Group V received 200 mg/kg Compounds reported in J.gossypifolia include fraxetin-7,8 body weight of petroleum ether extract of Jatropha dihydroxy-6- methoxycoumarin (Das and Kashinathan, gossypiifolia orally for 7 days and Group VI received 1 1997; Dabur et al., 2007,) gadain and jatrophan (Banerji et mg/kg of body weight of diclofenac sodium al., 1984), Jatrophone (Calixto and Sant’ Ana, 1987), intraperitoneally for 7 days as a standard drug. The reaction Prasanthaline (Chatterjee et al., 1988), aryl naphthalene, time was recorded using tail flick analgesiometer at 0, 30 2,2- bis (hydroxyl-methyl)-6,7-(methylenedioxy)-1-3’4’- 60,120 and 180 minutes time interval after the drug dimethoxyphenyl) naphthalene ( Das & Banerji, 1988), 2α- administration. The temperature was maintained at 50-55°C. hydroxy jatrophone, 2β-hydoxy jatrophone and 2β- By eddy’s hot plate method the animals were divided into hydroxyisojatrophone in J.gossypifolia (Kong and Jin, six groups of six animals each and drug treatments were 1993), alkaloids A,B,C (Ahmed et al., 1992), (2α, 13α, 14β, given as per tail-flick method. Animals were placed on the 20S)-2, 24, 25-trihydroxylanost7-en-(3-one), (13α, 14β, eddy’s hot plate maintained at 55±1°C. The reaction time in 20S)-2, 24,25trihydroxy lanost-1-7-diene(3-one) (Tino et control and treated animals was recorded at 0, 30, 60,120 al., 1992), gossypifan (Das A and Das 1995), Jatrodiene and 180 minutes after the treatment [7]. The methanolic (Das et.al., 1996), cyclogossine A (Horsten et al., 1996), extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia showed significant tetradecyl (E) ferulate and ferulic acid (Oxkuyama et al., analgesic activity when compared with control as well as 1996), cyclogossine B (Auvin-Guette et al., 1997), standard drug but in case of petroleum ether extracts of gossypilline (Das et al., 1998), gossypidien (Das and Jatropha gossypiifolia don’t exhibit significant analgesic Anjani,1999, propacin (Das and Venkataiah 2001), activity when compared with control and Diclofenac treated flavonoids namely vitexin, isovitexin, and apigenin animals. Thus methanolic extract exhibited marked central (Sankara et al., 1971), cleomiscosinA, jatrorins A, B, analgesic effect as evidenced by significant increase in jatrocins A,B(Das et al.,2003), and jatrophenone reaction time when compared to the control. (Ravindranath et al., 2003 b). The secondary metabolites reported in cassia alata are Neuropharmacological activity flavonoids including Kaempferol and its The methanolic extract of Jatropha gossypiifolia fruit was glycosides(Kaempferol 3-O-genitobioside and Kaempferol evaluated for its neuropharmacological activities by using 3-O-B-d- glucopyranoside), anthraquinone derivatives (e.g. hole cross test, hole-board test, and elevated plus maze test. alatonal, alatinone, chrysaphanol, emodin, rhein, aloe- Mice were divided into four groups each of containing 5 emodin), essential oils, fatty acids and terpenoids (Palmitic mice. Group I Control received 1% v/v tween 80 in normal acid, Oleic, Linoleic acids, terpenoids (β-sitosterol, saline at a dose of 0.5 ml/ mice. Group II Positive control stigmasterol, campsterol) and other metabolites for instance, receive diazepam 1 mg/kg body weight .Group III receive ellagitannins and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Test sample I (methanol extract at dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. Group IV receive Test sample II (methanol extract Pharmacological activities of Jatropha gossypiifollia at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight [2]. Analgesic activity In hole cross test the spontaneous movement of the mice The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated using from one chamber to other through the hole was observed acetic acid induced writhing method in mice. In this method, for 3 min. The observation was conducted at 0, 30, 60, 90 four groups of mice were taken each consisting of five and 120 min. Group III receive Test sample I (methanol animals. Control received 1% (v/v) Tween 80 in normal extract at dose of 200 mg/kg body weight showed increase saline at a dose 0.5 ml/mice, positive control (Diclofenac in locomotion activity in the test animals at the 2nd sodium) at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight and test observation period (30 min). At the same dose movement of samples 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. After 30 mice decreased with time and extract at dose 400 mg/kg minutes of oral administration of control and test groups, showed an increase in locomotion activity at the second 0.7% v/v acetic acid solution was administered intra observation period [2]. Hole-board test was adopted for peritoneally to each mouse at a dose of 0.1ml/10 g. The testing the central nervous system activity of methanol fruits positive control was administered orally 15 min prior to extract of gossypiifolia. The study was conducted using a acetic acid injection. 5 min after the administration of acetic wooden hole-board apparatus measuring 20 cm by 40 cm acid, the number of writhing by each mouse was counted with 16 evenly spaced holes (each diameter of 3 cm). Thirty individually for a period of 20 min. The percent inhibitions minutes after treatment, mice were placed singly on
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