RESEARCH NOTE Beothuks and Methodists
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Newfoundland in International Context 1758 – 1895
Newfoundland in International Context 1758 – 1895 An Economic History Reader Collected, Transcribed and Annotated by Christopher Willmore Victoria, British Columbia April 2020 Table of Contents WAYS OF LIFE AND WORK .................................................................................................................. 4 Fog and Foundering (1754) ............................................................................................................................ 4 Hostile Waters (1761) .................................................................................................................................... 4 Imports of Salt (1819) .................................................................................................................................... 5 The Great Fire of St. John’s (1846) ................................................................................................................. 5 Visiting Newfoundland’s Fisheries in 1849 (1849) .......................................................................................... 9 The Newfoundland Seal Hunt (1871) ........................................................................................................... 15 The Inuit Seal Hunt (1889) ........................................................................................................................... 19 The Truck, or Credit, System (1871) ............................................................................................................. 20 The Preparation of -
Introduction Since Time Immemorial, Human Beings Have Used Narrative
Chapter 1 – Introduction Since time immemorial, human beings have used narrative to help us make sense of our experience of life. From the fireside to the theatre, from the television and silver screen to the more recent manifestations of the virtual world, we have used storytelling as a means of providing structure, order, and coherence to what can otherwise appear an overwhelming infinity of random, unrelated events. In ordering the perceived chaos of the world around us into a structure we can grasp, narrative provides insight and understanding not only of events themselves, but on a more fundamental level, of the very essence of what it means to live as a human being. As the primary means by which historical writing is organized, narrative has attracted a large body of historians and philosophers who have grappled with its impact on our understanding of the past. Underlying their work is the tension between historical writing as a reflection of what took place in the past, and the essence of narrative as a creative, imaginative act. The very structure of Aristotelian narrative, with its causal link between events, its clearly defined beginning, middle and end, its promise of catharsis, its theme or moral, reflects an act of imagination on the part of its author. While an effective narrative first and foremost strives to draw us into its world of story and keep us there until the ending, the primary goal of historical writing, in theory at least, is to increase our understanding about the past. While these two goals are not inherently incompatible, they do not always work in concert. -
A Beothuk Skeleton
Edinburgh Research Explorer A Beothuk skeleton (not) in a glass case Citation for published version: Harries, J 2016, A Beothuk skeleton (not) in a glass case: rumours of bones and the remembrance of an exterminated people in Newfoundland - the emotive immateriality of human remains. in J-M Dreyfus & É Anstett (eds), Human remains in society: Curation and exhibition in the aftermath of genocide and mass- violence., 9, Human Remains and Violence, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester. <http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526107381/> Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Human remains in society General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 A Beothuk Skeleton (not) in a Glass Case: Rumours of Bones and the Remembrance of an Exterminated People in Newfoundland John Harries, Social Anthropology, The University of Edinburgh The emotive immateriality of human remains This chapter is about the human remains and how human remains inhabit the public sphere after their exhumation. -
GFW Community Profile Design Draft
Project Co‐ordinator: Gary Hennessey, Economic Development Officer Town of Grand Falls‐Windsor, NL Phone: 709‐489‐0483 / Fax: 709‐489‐0465 Email: [email protected] www.grandfallswindsor.com Project Facilitator: Kris Stone Research, Design & Layout By: Kris Stone Photos By: Kris Stone The Town of Grand Falls‐Windsor Grand Falls‐Windsor Heritage Society Up Sky Down Films Elmo Hewle MAYOR’S MESSAGE Welcome to the Grand Falls‐Windsor WCommunity Profile. This document has been created to showcase informaon on the many remarkable aspects that our community has to offer to current and potenal residents, as well as business owners. There are secons on demographics, aracons, events, tourism, community organizaons, the various types of businesses and industry in the area, as well as a lile bit of history on how our town got its start and became the municipality it is today. Grand Falls‐Windsor is the largest town in Central Newfoundland. The community is located along the banks of the Exploits River, seled within a serene valley atmosphere—a great place to live, work, and play. Its locaon also makes it a favourable place for doing business, as it is easily accessible from virtually all areas of the island. For this reason, Grand Falls‐Windsor has become known as a major service centre for Central Newfoundland and a hub for most of the island. Over the years our town connues to grow and prosper, with numerous housing developments steadily building family friendly neighbourhoods. There are many new and exisng businesses thriving and diversifying our economy in areas such as Aquaculture, Mining, Healthcare, Informaon Technology and Health Science Research, Post‐secondary Educaon, and Retail. -
Historical Methods in James P. Howley's the Beothucks
A Few Fabulous Fragments: Historical Methods in James P. Howley’s The Beothucks JEFF A. WEBB* Since it was published in 1915, James Howley’s The Beothucks has been an essential source for historians and novelists alike. Howley’s training as a geologist and surveyor shaped his scholarship. Rather than seeing his book as a history of the Beothuk, he saw it as preserving the memory of the Indigenous people of the island of Newfoundland. He deferred to philologists and ethnographers on issues of theory and most effectively marshalled his critical sense when evaluating the oral testimony he collected. This reading of the book revisits the foundational text and shows the lasting legacy of Howley’s scientific method and cultural assumptions upon the historiography and popular culture of the Beothuk. Depuis sa publication en 1915, The Beothuks de James Howley s’est révélé une source essentielle tant pour les historiens que pour les romanciers. La formation de Howley comme géologue et arpenteur transparaît dans son travail de recherche. Plutôt que de voir son livre comme une histoire des Béothuks, l’auteur l’a perçu comme un ouvrage préservant la mémoire des Autochtones de l’île de Terre-Neuve. Il s’en est remis aux philologues et aux ethnographes à propos des questions de théorie et a fait appel à son sens critique au moment d’évaluer les témoignages oraux recueillis par lui. La présente lecture de l’ouvrage permet de réexaminer ce texte fondateur et de présenter le legs durable de la méthode scientifique de Howley et de ses hypothèses culturelles sur l’historiographie et la culture populaire au sujet des Béothuks. -
Introduction Inuit
3.84 Opposing forces The juxtaposition of these two people speaks volumes. Sitting Bull (left) was a prominent Sioux Indian from the western U.S. representing Native American resistance to European encroachment. Sir Walter Raleigh (right) was a prominent 16th- 17th century figure who encouraged Elizabeth I to support voyages of exploration designed to exploit the wealth of the “new world.” TOPIC 3.6 Imagine you had to venture across an unknown region, as William Cormack did in 1822. How would you start your preparations? How might First Nations and Inuit have felt about European settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador? Introduction The lives of Aboriginal people in North and South longer allowed to do business there. To smooth the America underwent great change as more and transition for British and American merchants to more Europeans began to settle in their lands in take over the baleen trade, Governor Hugh Palliser the 1700s and 1800s. They faced social change, attempted to negotiate with Inuit* in 1765. Although new diseases, unfamiliar technologies, and (often) this did not eliminate all tensions between the cultures hostility. The experience of Aboriginal people in suddenly thrown together in business, it did contribute Newfoundland and Labrador was no different. to increased European activity and settlement along It was a time of great change for Inuit, Innu, Beothuk, the Labrador coast. Mi’kmaq, and Metis, as the European migratory fishery came to an end and was replaced by a resident fishery. The settlement of Moravians on the northern coast of Labrador in the later part of the eighteenth century led to consistent contact between Inuit and Europeans. -
Aardvark Archaeology 2004 Archaeological Investigations at Ilhavo Park (Cjae-53) Duckworth Street and Plymouth Road, St
Provincial Archaeology Office July 8, 2020 Aardvark Archaeology 2004 Archaeological Investigations at Ilhavo Park (CjAe-53) Duckworth Street and Plymouth Road, St. John’s Newfoundland and Labrador. 03.51 2004 Stage 1 HRA of the St. John’s Harbour Clean-Up. Part 1: Water Street, from Hutchings Street to Waldegrave Street. 2005 HRIA for the East Coast Hiking Trail Interpretation on the Mount, Renews, Newfoundland. 05.18 2005 Stage 1 HRIA of the Mortier Bay-North Atlantic Marine Service Centre, Powers Cove, NL. 05.53 2005 HRIA of the Murphy’s Cove Development Project. Collier Point, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador. 05.60 2005 HRIA of the South Brook Park Site (DgBj-03). 05.58 (on CD) 2006 Archaeological Monitoring of the 2006 Ferryland Beach Stabilization. 06.01 2006 Stage 1 HROA of 331 Water Street, St. John’s, NL. 2006 Archaeological Assessment of the Mockbeggar Plantation Provincial Historic Site Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador. 06.50 2006 Beneath the Big Store: Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment of the Mockbeggar Plantation Provincial Historic Site Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador. 06.50.01 2007 HRIA of Berry Island, Point Leamington Newfoundland and Labrador. 07.21 2008 Archaeological Assessment of the Bridge House Property (DdAg-03) Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador. 08.11 Adams, W. P. & J. B. Shaw 1967 Studies of Ice Cover on Knob Lake, New Québec. Cahiers de géographie du Québec, 11(22), p. 88-96. Adney, Edwin Tappan & Howard I. Chapelle 1964 The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North America. AECOM 2012 Stage 2 Historical Impact Assessment 2012 Strange Lake-Quest Rare Minerals Project Field Survey Results Update. -
Introduction Inuit
3.84 Opposing forces The juxtaposition of these two people speaks volumes. Sitting Bull (left) was a prominent Sioux Indian from the western U.S. representing Native American resistance to European encroachment. Sir Walter Raleigh (right) was a prominent 16th- 17th century figure who encouraged Elizabeth I to support voyages of exploration designed to exploit the wealth of the “new world.” TOPIC 3.6 Imagine you had to venture across an unknown region, as William Cormack did in 1822. How would you start your preparations? How might First Nations and Inuit have felt about European settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador? Introduction The lives of Aboriginal people in North and South longer allowed to do business there. To smooth the America underwent great change as more and transition for British and American merchants to more Europeans began to settle in their lands in take over the baleen trade, Governor Hugh Palliser the 1700s and 1800s. They faced social change, attempted to negotiate with Inuit* in 1765. Although new diseases, unfamiliar technologies, and (often) this did not eliminate all tensions between the cultures hostility. The experience of Aboriginal people in suddenly thrown together in business, it did contribute Newfoundland and Labrador was no different. to increased European activity and settlement along It was a time of great change for Inuit, Innu, Beothuk, the Labrador coast. Mi’kmaq, and Metis, as the European migratory fishery came to an end and was replaced by a resident fishery. The settlement of Moravians on the northern coast of Labrador in the later part of the eighteenth century led to consistent contact between Inuit and Europeans. -
Suzanne OWEN the Demise of the Beothuk As a Past Still Present
Journal of the Irish Society for the Academic Study of Religions 1/2 (2015) 119 © ISASR 2015 Suzanne OWEN The Demise of the Beothuk as a Past Still Present ABSTRACT: This article aims to investigate contemporary cultural representations of the Beothuk Indians in art, literature and museum displays in Newfoundland, Canada, focussing on ways these reimagine the past for the present, offering perspectives on contested histories, such as the circumstances leading to the demise of the Beothuk. Wiped out through the impact of colonialism, the Beothuk are the ‗absent other‘ who continue to be remembered and made present through the creative arts, largely at the expense of other indigenous groups on the island. Rather than focussing on the ‗non-absent past‘, according to Polish scholar Ewa Domańska, ‗instead we turn to a past that is somehow still present, that will not go away or, rather, that of which we cannot rid ourselves‘ (2006, 346). Depictions of the last Beothuk are part of a cultural remembering where guilt and reconciliation are played out through media of the imagination. KEYWORDS: indigenous, art, representation, memory, Beothuk, Newfoundland Suzanne OWEN is Senior Lecturer in Religious Studies at the University of Chester and Senior Lecturer in Theology and Religious Studies at Leeds Trinity University. Her research interests include critical analysis of ‗indigeneity‘ and other categories, such as ‗religion‘, and their contested usages by different groups; Native American studies; contemporary paganism; and methodological debates in the study of religion. 119 120 Owen: The Demise of the Beothuk Introduction Literary depictions of the Beothuk, an extinct indigenous group in Newfoundland, have gained scholarly attention, but less consideration has been given to contemporary visual representations and public acts of remembering at memorials and sites associated with the Beothuk. -
K12 Curriculum Documents Soci
179 Sail Loft Workshop Dock Yard Forge Oil VatsSeal Skin HouseSalt StoreStable Cellar Hay Loft Fish StoreFish andKitchen Dry ProvisionsDwelling and Office Fishing StoreWorkshop CountingDry House ProvisionsStore Cooper’s Shop 3.1 Lester and Company Premises, Trinity, 1800s In the late 1700s and early 1800s, merchants began to find it more profitable TOPIC 3.1 to conduct a general supply trade. These premises are typical of the trading establishments built in regional centres. The merchants provided waterfront buildings for collecting and storing fish, oil, and seal skins for export, and storing imports such as flour, beef, and salt for the settlers. How does each structure shown in the diagram relate to the fishery? What differences do you see in the set-up of this fishing premises versus the one in fig. 2.53? How would you feel if you were asked (or forced) to leave your family and friends to permanently settle in an unknown area? If you were to move today to a new country, what challenges might you face? How would you overcome them? Introduction For nearly 300 years the fishery in Newfoundland and workers and supplies needed for the migratory Labrador was a seasonal migratory activity conducted fishery. Also, large numbers of able seamen by Europeans during the late spring to early fall. A were forced to work in the Royal Navy. This settled population, however, began to emerge from the created a labour shortage in the migratory fishery. As early 1600s, and by 1815 the transatlantic migrations a result, British merchants were forced to pay more for had almost ended. -
William Eppes Cormack (1796–1868) the Later Years Ingeborg Marshall and Alan G
Document generated on 09/30/2021 4:41 p.m. Newfoundland and Labrador Studies William Eppes Cormack (1796–1868) The Later Years Ingeborg Marshall and Alan G. Macpherson Volume 32, Number 1, Spring 2017 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/nflds32_1art03 See table of contents Publisher(s) Faculty of Arts, Memorial University ISSN 1719-1726 (print) 1715-1430 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Marshall, I. & Macpherson, A. G. (2017). William Eppes Cormack (1796–1868): The Later Years. Newfoundland and Labrador Studies, 32(1), 86–150. All rights reserved © Memorial University, 2017 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ William Eppes Cormack (1796–1868): The Later Years Ingeborg Marshall and Alan G. Macpherson Introduction The story of William Eppes Cormack’s early years was presented in this journal in 2016.1 Cormack is well known in Newfoundland for his walk across the island in 1822, and for his efforts on behalf of the Beothuk, Newfoundland’s Indigenous people. He was born in St. John’s in 1796, the third of five children to Janet (née McAuslan) and Alexander Cormack. His older two siblings had died by the time he was six years old, and his father died a year later, in 1803. -
Beothuk Housepits
BEOTHUK HOUSEPITS: BAROMETERS OF HISTORIC TRANSITION LAURIE MCLEAN CONSULTING ARCHAEOLOGIST 5 Dunscombe Place St. John’s, NL A1E 3P7 [email protected] ABSTRACT: Newfoundland and Labrador’s Beothuk Indians were considered extinct by 1829. Historical and archaeological data depict a gradual Beothuk withdrawl from coastal Newfoundland as European economic activity and settlement increased. Recent interpretation of Beothuk housepit morphology, along with their distribution and associated assemblages, shows that Beothuk did not uniformly respond to the influx of newcomers. This has implications for Beothuk settlement/subsistence activities, material culture and relations with Europeans pertaining to temporal and locational parameters. 1 BEOTHUK HOUSEPITS: BAROMETERS OF HISTORIC TRANSITION Newfoundland’s resident population at the time of European contact during the late fifteenth century is archaeologically known as the Little Passage complex (Penney 1984:185; Schwarz 1984:1; Pastore 1992:10; Marshall 1996:13). European fishermen and settlers referred to these people as Red Indians, Wild Indians, Red men, Savages, Aborigines, or natural inhabitants until 1827 when Bishop Inglis started using “Beothuc” or “Boethic” to refer to them (Marshall 1996:434). The term “Beothook/Red Indian” first appeared in a word list attributed to Demasduit, a Beothuk female who briefly lived with European settlers in 1819 (Ibid). “Beothuk” has since been accepted to represent Newfoundland’s historic indigenous population although the transition from Little Passage to Beothuk was ongoing throughout the historic period (Ibid:13). Historic and archaeological data chronicle many of the changes experienced by the Little Passage complex, resulting in a list of attributes and features that are diagnostic of the contact‐period Beothuk.