DOCSLIB.ORG

Newfoundland in International Context 1758 – 1895

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Newfoundland in International Context 1758 – 1895 Newfoundland in International Context 1758 – 1895 An Economic History Reader Collected, Transcribed and Annotated by Christopher Willmore Victoria, British Columbia April 2020 Table of Contents WAYS OF LIFE AND WORK .................................................................................................................. 4 Fog and Foundering (1754) ............................................................................................................................ 4 Hostile Waters (1761) .................................................................................................................................... 4 Imports of Salt (1819) .................................................................................................................................... 5 The Great Fire of St. John’s (1846) ................................................................................................................. 5 Visiting Newfoundland’s Fisheries in 1849 (1849) .......................................................................................... 9 The Newfoundland Seal Hunt (1871) ........................................................................................................... 15 The Inuit Seal Hunt (1889) ........................................................................................................................... 19 The Truck, or Credit, System (1871) ............................................................................................................. 20 The Preparation of Salt Cod (1871) .............................................................................................................. 21 The Norwegian Method (1892) .................................................................................................................... 23 Women at Work (1879) ............................................................................................................................... 24 More Details of the Truck System (1880) ..................................................................................................... 24 A Visit to St. John’s (1887) ........................................................................................................................... 26 An unusual Currency reform (1888) ............................................................................................................. 29 Cod and Lobster Hatcheries (1891) .............................................................................................................. 30 An Epidemic of Diphtheria (1889) ................................................................................................................ 32 The Ravages of Diptheria, 1888-1891 (1892) ................................................................................................ 33 The Great Fire of 1892 (1892) ...................................................................................................................... 34 Hungry and Dying (1893) ............................................................................................................................. 37 An Abandoned Newfoundland Whaler (1893) .............................................................................................. 38 “Without banks, without currency, without credit” (1895) ........................................................................... 42 Silver Linings (1895)..................................................................................................................................... 44 A Hopeless Country (1895) .......................................................................................................................... 45 The Diet of a Newfoundland Fisher (1899) ................................................................................................... 46 MIGRATION ...................................................................................................................................... 48 Pressing Irish Sailors (1777) ......................................................................................................................... 48 Irish Sailors and the Newfoundland Cod Fishery (1786) ................................................................................ 48 From Ireland to the United States, via Newfoundland (1817) ....................................................................... 49 Migrant Sailors, Settlement and Religious Conflict (1838) ............................................................................ 50 An Island of Women (1884) ......................................................................................................................... 51 From Newfoundland to the United States (1893) ......................................................................................... 53 THE END OF THE BEOTHUK WORLD .................................................................................................. 54 The Beothuk of Newfoundland (1888) ......................................................................................................... 54 “The interesting stranger” (1819) ................................................................................................................ 66 A British Sailor’s Impression of Demasduit (1819) ........................................................................................ 68 The death of Demasduit (1820) ................................................................................................................... 69 The Death of Shawnawdithit, last of the Beothuk (1829) .............................................................................. 70 In Search of the Beothuk (1829) .................................................................................................................. 70 CONFLICT WITH THE FRENCH ............................................................................................................ 76 The Early Cod Fishery (1791) ....................................................................................................................... 76 “Our most dangerous rivals” (1759) ............................................................................................................. 76 France and Newfoundland, after Napoleon (1814)....................................................................................... 77 The Evolution of the Cod Fishery to 1831 (1839) .......................................................................................... 78 A Brief Legal History of France’s Newfoundland Fisheries (1857) .................................................................. 78 A longer legal history of the French at Newfoundland (1890) ....................................................................... 79 The French Shore Question as of 1890, in verse (1890) ................................................................................ 83 “An illicit traffic” in Bait (1844) .................................................................................................................... 85 The Bait Act Disallowed (1887) .................................................................................................................... 86 2 Reaction to the Disallowance (1887) ............................................................................................................ 86 Enforcing the Bait Act (1888) ....................................................................................................................... 87 Details of the French Cod Subsidy (1890) ..................................................................................................... 89 “Bounty versus Bait” (1890)......................................................................................................................... 90 “The value of the Bait act” (1891) ................................................................................................................ 90 The end of the Bait act (1893) ..................................................................................................................... 91 CONFLICT WITH THE UNITED STATES ................................................................................................ 92 United States fishing rights in Newfoundland (1814) .................................................................................... 92 Competition and the Convention of 1818 (1819) ......................................................................................... 95 A Subsidy for Newfoundland Fish (1819)...................................................................................................... 98 The “Newfoundland Outrage” (1878) .......................................................................................................... 98 Another Account of the Attack (1878) ......................................................................................................... 99 American Ships and the Bait Act (1888) ..................................................................................................... 100 “A question of bait” (1890) ........................................................................................................................ 101 The Bait Act Weakened (1890) .................................................................................................................. 102 CONFLICT WITH CANADA...............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Of Penguins and Polar Bears Shapero Rare Books 93
    OF PENGUINS AND POLAR BEARS Shapero Rare Books 93 OF PENGUINS AND POLAR BEARS EXPLORATION AT THE ENDS OF THE EARTH 32 Saint George Street London W1S 2EA +44 20 7493 0876 [email protected] shapero.com CONTENTS Antarctica 03 The Arctic 43 2 Shapero Rare Books ANTARCTIca Shapero Rare Books 3 1. AMUNDSEN, ROALD. The South Pole. An account of “Amundsen’s legendary dash to the Pole, which he reached the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the “Fram”, 1910-1912. before Scott’s ill-fated expedition by over a month. His John Murray, London, 1912. success over Scott was due to his highly disciplined dogsled teams, more accomplished skiers, a shorter distance to the A CORNERSTONE OF ANTARCTIC EXPLORATION; THE ACCOUNT OF THE Pole, better clothing and equipment, well planned supply FIRST EXPEDITION TO REACH THE SOUTH POLE. depots on the way, fortunate weather, and a modicum of luck”(Books on Ice). A handsomely produced book containing ten full-page photographic images not found in the Norwegian original, First English edition. 2 volumes, 8vo., xxxv, [i], 392; x, 449pp., 3 folding maps, folding plan, 138 photographic illustrations on 103 plates, original maroon and all full-page images being reproduced to a higher cloth gilt, vignettes to upper covers, top edges gilt, others uncut, usual fading standard. to spine flags, an excellent fresh example. Taurus 71; Rosove 9.A1; Books on Ice 7.1. £3,750 [ref: 96754] 4 Shapero Rare Books 2. [BELGIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION]. Grande 3. BELLINGSHAUSEN, FABIAN G. VON. The Voyage of Fete Venitienne au Parc de 6 a 11 heurs du soir en faveur de Captain Bellingshausen to the Antarctic Seas 1819-1821.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1904 Anglo-French Newfoundland Fisheries Convention: Another Look
    RESEARCH NOTES/NOTES DE RECHERCHE The 1904 Anglo-French Newfoundland Fisheries Convention: Another Look THE EXISTING LITERATURE ON ANGLO-FRENCH RELATIONS at the turn of the century, as well as that which specifically addresses the 1904 entente cordiale, for the most part makes only passing mention of the Newfoundland fisheries issue. Understandably, the focus of these accounts tends to be on the changing relations between the great powers, and on the most important aspect of the entente itself, which was the definition of boundaries and spheres of influence in North and West Africa. The exceptions are P.J.V. Rolo's study of the entente, which does recognize the crucial place of the fisheries issue in the context of the overall negotiation, and F.F. Thompson's brief account of the Newfoundland settlement from a colonial perspective in his standard work on the French, or Treaty, Shore question. i This note expands these accounts of the evolution of the 1904 Anglo-French Fisheries Convention, reinforces the view that it was vital to the successful completion of the overall package, and looks at the aftermath. This is not the place to discuss in detail the reasons for Anglo-French rapprochement which culminated in the 1904 entente cordiale. At the risk of oversimplification, one can point to several key factors. The Fashoda incident (1898) demonstrated, in time, to many French politicians that there was no hope of ending the resented British occupation of Egypt and the Nile valley. Confrontation with Britain in Africa was clearly futile, and accommodation potentially advantageous. Increasingly, the parti colonial urged the French government to consider giving up its financial and economic influence in Egypt, recognizing British predominance there, in return for British acceptance of France's ambition to establish a protectorate over Morocco and concessions elsewhere.2 Once this reasoning had been accepted and advanced by the French government, the British government eventually proved willing to respond positively (if carefully).
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Canada De La
    c FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE SERVICE DES P£CHES ET DES SCIENCES DE LA MER TECHNICAL REPORT No. 691 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE N° 1977 Environment Environnement I Canada Canada Fisheries Service des piches and Marine et des sciences Service de la mer Technical Reports Technical Reports are research documents that are of sufficient importance to be preserved, but which for some reason are not appropriate for primary scientific publication. Inquiries concerning any particular RepOlt should be directed to the issuing establishment. Rapports Techniques Les rapports techniques sont des documents de recherche qui revetent une assez grande importance pour etre conserves mais qui, pour une raison ou pour une autre, ne conviennent pas a une publication scientifique prioritaire. Pour toute demande de renseignements concernant un rapport particulier, i1 faut s'adresser au service responsable. Department of the Environment Ministere de 1'Environnement Fisheries and Marine Service Service des Peches et des Sciences de la mer Research and Development Directorate Direction du Recherche et Developpement • TECHNICAL REPORT No. 691 RAPPORT TECHNIQUE NO. 691 (Numbers 1-456 in this series (Les numeros 1-456 dans cette serie furent were issued as Technical Reports utilises comme Rapports Techniques de 1'office of the Fisheries Research Board of des recherches sur les p~cheries du Canada. Canada. The series name was changed Le nom de la serie fut change avec le with report number 457). rapport numero 457). • Limnology and Fish Populations of Red Indian Lake, a Multi-Use Reservoir by C.J. MORRY and L.J. COLE This is the forty-seventh Ceci est le quarante-septieme Technical Report from the Rapport Technique de la Direction du Research and Development Directorate Recherche et Developpement Newfoundland Biological Station Station biologique de Terre-Neuve St.
    [Show full text]
  • Total of 10 Pages Only May Be Xeroxed
    A GRAVITY SU VEY A ERN NOTR BAY, N W UNDLAND CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Permission) HUGH G. Ml rt B. Sc. (HOI S.) ~- ··- 223870 A GRAVITY SURVEY OF EASTERN NOTRE DAME BAY, NEWFOUNDLAND by @ HUGH G. MILLER, B.Sc. {HCNS.) .. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland. July 20, 1970 11 ABSTRACT A gravity survey was undertaken on the archipelago and adjacent coast of eastern Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. A total of 308 gravity stations were occupied with a mean station spacing of 2,5 km, and 9 gravity sub-bases were established. Elevations for the survey were determined by barometric and direct altimetry. The densities of rock samples collected from 223 sites were detenmined. A Bouguer anomaly map was obtained and a polynomial fitting technique was employed to determine the regional contribution to the total Bouguer anomaly field. Residual and regional maps based on a fifth­ order polynomial were obtained. Several programs were written for the IBM 360/40 computer used in this and model work. Three-dimensional model studies were carried out and a satisfactory overall fit to the total Bouguer field was obtained. Several shallow features of the anomaly maps were found to correlate well with surface bodies, i.e. granite or diorite bodies. Sedimentary rocks had little effect on the gravity field. The trace of the Luke's Arm fault was delineated. The following new features we r~ discovered: (1) A major structural discontinuity near Change Islands; (2) A layer of relatively high ·density (probably basic to ultrabasic rock) at 5 - 10 km depth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. by Peter Steele
    Document generated on 09/24/2021 11:02 a.m. Scientia Canadensis Canadian Journal of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine Revue canadienne d'histoire des sciences, des techniques et de la médecine The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. By Peter Steele. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003. xviii + 307 p., ill. ISBN 1-55192-648-2. $39.95) Trevor H. Levere Volume 27, 2003 URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/800462ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/800462ar See table of contents Publisher(s) CSTHA/AHSTC ISSN 0829-2507 (print) 1918-7750 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this review Levere, T. H. (2003). Review of [The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant. By Peter Steele. (Vancouver: Raincoast Books, 2003. xviii + 307 p., ill. ISBN 1-55192-648-2. $39.95)]. Scientia Canadensis, 27, 101–104. https://doi.org/10.7202/800462ar Tous droits réservés © Canadian Science and Technology Historical Association This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit / Association pour l'histoire de la science et de la technologie au Canada, 2005 (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Book Reviews / Comptes rendus 101 Science / Science The Man Who Mapped the Arctic: The Intrepid Life of George Back, Franklin's Lieutenant.
    [Show full text]
  • Inclusion of Students with Special Education Needs in French As a Second Language Programs: a Review of Canadian Policy and Resource Documents
    Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 183, 15-29 Inclusion of Students With Special Education Needs in French as a Second Language Programs: A Review of Canadian Policy and Resource Documents Stefanie Muhling, Ontario Ministry of Education & Callie Mady, Nipissing University Abstract This article describes a document analysis of policy and resource documents pertaining to inclu- sion of students with special education needs (SSEN) in Canadian French as a Second Language (FSL) programs. By recognizing gaps and acknowledging advancements, we aim to inform cur- rent implementation and future development of inclusive policy. Document analysis of a) special education documents and b) FSL policy and support documents revealed that over 80% of pro- vincial and territorial education ministries currently refer to inclusion of SSEN in FSL. With the intent of remediating identified inconsistencies in actual application, this article concludes with specific recommendations to enhance inclusive practice. Keywords: French as a second language (FSL), inclusion, second language education, special needs, students with special education needs Introduction Inclusion1 of students with special education needs2 (SSEN) in French as a second language (FSL) programs is an issue gaining increased attention throughout Canada, as educators are encouraged to strive for greater inclusion while at the same time, requiring additional support to do so (Lapkin, MacFarlane, & Vandergrift, 2006). As past and current incidences of exclusion come to the fore, educators, researchers, and policymakers are embarking upon more inclusive approaches to FSL programming. To both support such efforts, and to recognize the multiple sources of information across Canada, this article uses document analysis to reveal the state of inclusion in FSL programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction Since Time Immemorial, Human Beings Have Used Narrative
    Chapter 1 – Introduction Since time immemorial, human beings have used narrative to help us make sense of our experience of life. From the fireside to the theatre, from the television and silver screen to the more recent manifestations of the virtual world, we have used storytelling as a means of providing structure, order, and coherence to what can otherwise appear an overwhelming infinity of random, unrelated events. In ordering the perceived chaos of the world around us into a structure we can grasp, narrative provides insight and understanding not only of events themselves, but on a more fundamental level, of the very essence of what it means to live as a human being. As the primary means by which historical writing is organized, narrative has attracted a large body of historians and philosophers who have grappled with its impact on our understanding of the past. Underlying their work is the tension between historical writing as a reflection of what took place in the past, and the essence of narrative as a creative, imaginative act. The very structure of Aristotelian narrative, with its causal link between events, its clearly defined beginning, middle and end, its promise of catharsis, its theme or moral, reflects an act of imagination on the part of its author. While an effective narrative first and foremost strives to draw us into its world of story and keep us there until the ending, the primary goal of historical writing, in theory at least, is to increase our understanding about the past. While these two goals are not inherently incompatible, they do not always work in concert.
    [Show full text]
  • A Beothuk Skeleton
    Edinburgh Research Explorer A Beothuk skeleton (not) in a glass case Citation for published version: Harries, J 2016, A Beothuk skeleton (not) in a glass case: rumours of bones and the remembrance of an exterminated people in Newfoundland - the emotive immateriality of human remains. in J-M Dreyfus & É Anstett (eds), Human remains in society: Curation and exhibition in the aftermath of genocide and mass- violence., 9, Human Remains and Violence, Manchester Univ. Press, Manchester. <http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/9781526107381/> Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: Human remains in society General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 30. Sep. 2021 A Beothuk Skeleton (not) in a Glass Case: Rumours of Bones and the Remembrance of an Exterminated People in Newfoundland John Harries, Social Anthropology, The University of Edinburgh The emotive immateriality of human remains This chapter is about the human remains and how human remains inhabit the public sphere after their exhumation.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration Under Chapter
    NOTICE OF INTENT TO SUBMIT A CLAIM TO ARBITRATION UNDER CHAPTER ELEVEN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ABITIBIBOWATER INC., Investor, v. GOVERNMENT OF CANADA, Party. Pursuant to Articles 1116, 1117, and 1119 of the North American Free Trade Agreement ("NAFTA"), the disputing Investor, AbitibiBowater Inc. (hereinafter "AbitibiBowater" or "the Company"), hereby respectfully serves a Notice ofIntent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration for breach by the Government of Canada (hereinafter "Canada"), through the actions of the provincial Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, of its obligations under Chapter Eleven ofNAFTA. AbitibiBowater also hereby requests Canada and the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador to begin formal consultations and negotiations, as contemplated by NAFTA Article 1118, in an effort to amicabiy resoive this dispute. Such consultations would be in accordance with the Company's proactive outreach to form a joint working group to address and resolve all issues related to its assets and rights in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador. I. TYPE OF CLAIM 1. AbitibiBowater submits this Notice of Intent both under NAFTA Article 1116 as an investor on its own behalf, and under NAFTA Article 1117 on behalf of three investment enterprises that it owns or controls directly or indirectly: Abitibi-Consolidated Company of Canada, Abitibi-Consolidated Inc. and AbitibiBowater Canada Inc. (hereinafter collectively the "AbitibiBowater Canadian Entities"). II. DISPUTING INVESTOR 2. The disputing investor, AbitibiBowater Inc., is incorporated in the State of Delaware, United States of America, and thus is an enterprise of a Party (the United States) pursuant to NAFTA Article 1139. Its registered address is as follows: 1209 Orange Street Wilmington, Delaware 19801 United States of America Phone: 302-658-7581 Fax: 302-655-2480 III.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hitch-Hiker Is Intended to Provide Information Which Beginning Adult Readers Can Read and Understand
    CONTENTS: Foreword Acknowledgements Chapter 1: The Southwestern Corner Chapter 2: The Great Northern Peninsula Chapter 3: Labrador Chapter 4: Deer Lake to Bishop's Falls Chapter 5: Botwood to Twillingate Chapter 6: Glenwood to Gambo Chapter 7: Glovertown to Bonavista Chapter 8: The South Coast Chapter 9: Goobies to Cape St. Mary's to Whitbourne Chapter 10: Trinity-Conception Chapter 11: St. John's and the Eastern Avalon FOREWORD This book was written to give students a closer look at Newfoundland and Labrador. Learning about our own part of the earth can help us get a better understanding of the world at large. Much of the information now available about our province is aimed at young readers and people with at least a high school education. The Hitch-Hiker is intended to provide information which beginning adult readers can read and understand. This work has a special feature we hope readers will appreciate and enjoy. Many of the places written about in this book are seen through the eyes of an adult learner and other fictional characters. These characters were created to help add a touch of reality to the printed page. We hope the characters and the things they learn and talk about also give the reader a better understanding of our province. Above all, we hope this book challenges your curiosity and encourages you to search for more information about our land. Don McDonald Director of Programs and Services Newfoundland and Labrador Literacy Development Council ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the many people who so kindly and eagerly helped me during the production of this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Mikmaq Presence in Southern Newfoundland:: an Ethnohistorical Perspective, C.1500-1763
    Document généré le 1 oct. 2021 04:41 Newfoundland Studies Early Mikmaq Presence in Southern Newfoundland: An Ethnohistorical Perspective, c.1500-1763 Charles A. Martijn Volume 19, numéro 1, spring 2003 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/nflds19_1art03 Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) Faculty of Arts, Memorial University ISSN 0823-1737 (imprimé) 1715-1430 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Martijn, C. A. (2003). Early Mikmaq Presence in Southern Newfoundland:: An Ethnohistorical Perspective, c.1500-1763. Newfoundland Studies, 19(1), 44–102. All rights reserved © Memorial University, 2003 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Early Mi’kmaq Presence in Southern Newfoundland: An Ethnohistorical Perspective, c.1500-1763 CHARLES A. MARTIJN INTRODUCTION COMPARED WITH MI’KMAQ studies elsewhere, scholarly interest in Newfoundland Mi’kmaq ethnohistory was slow to develop. Of the four Native groups which fre- quented Newfoundland during the historic period, the Beothuk have been the sub- ject of a monumental monograph (Marshall 1996). In contrast, details relating to two others, the Innu (Montagnais) and the historic Inuit, whose range formerly ex- tended into the western and northern regions of the island, constitute largely forgot- ten ethnohistorical chapters (Martijn 1990, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • GFW Community Profile Design Draft
    Project Co‐ordinator: Gary Hennessey, Economic Development Officer Town of Grand Falls‐Windsor, NL Phone: 709‐489‐0483 / Fax: 709‐489‐0465 Email: [email protected] www.grandfallswindsor.com Project Facilitator: Kris Stone Research, Design & Layout By: Kris Stone Photos By: Kris Stone The Town of Grand Falls‐Windsor Grand Falls‐Windsor Heritage Society Up Sky Down Films Elmo Hewle MAYOR’S MESSAGE Welcome to the Grand Falls‐Windsor WCommunity Profile. This document has been created to showcase informaon on the many remarkable aspects that our community has to offer to current and potenal residents, as well as business owners. There are secons on demographics, aracons, events, tourism, community organizaons, the various types of businesses and industry in the area, as well as a lile bit of history on how our town got its start and became the municipality it is today. Grand Falls‐Windsor is the largest town in Central Newfoundland. The community is located along the banks of the Exploits River, seled within a serene valley atmosphere—a great place to live, work, and play. Its locaon also makes it a favourable place for doing business, as it is easily accessible from virtually all areas of the island. For this reason, Grand Falls‐Windsor has become known as a major service centre for Central Newfoundland and a hub for most of the island. Over the years our town connues to grow and prosper, with numerous housing developments steadily building family friendly neighbourhoods. There are many new and exisng businesses thriving and diversifying our economy in areas such as Aquaculture, Mining, Healthcare, Informaon Technology and Health Science Research, Post‐secondary Educaon, and Retail.
    [Show full text]