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Journal of Threatened Taxa The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Note Reappearance of Dhole Cuon alpinus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Gujarat after 70 years A.A. Kazi, D.N. Rabari, M.I. Dahya & S. Lyngdoh 26 May 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 6 | Pages: 18655–18659 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6415.13.6.18655-18659 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18655–18659 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6415.13.6.18655-18659 #6415 | Received 15 July 2020 | Final received 08 October 2020 | Finally accepted 05 May 2021 NOTE Reappearance of Dhole Cuon alpinus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Gujarat afer 70 years A.A. Kazi 1 , D.N. Rabari 2 , M.I. Dahya 3 & S. Lyngdoh 4 1 College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India. 2,3 South Dangs Forest Division, Ahwa, Dang, Gujarat 394710, India. 4Wildlife Insttute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Utarakhand 248001, India. [email protected] (corresponding author), [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Dhole Cuon alpinus (Pallas, 1981) is a pack huntng, al. 2015), surviving majorly in Western and Eastern Ghats, highly social canid and the only species of this genus Terai, Kumaon, Himalayan region, northeastern states, (Pocock 1936; Cohen et al. 1978; Johnsingh 1982; Alfred and relatvely larger populaton in central India (Srivastava 2000). Dholes are also known as Wild Dogs or Whistling & Singh 2003; Durbin et al. 2004; Iyengar et al. 2005; Dogs, but the terms are misnomers since they are Jhala et al. 2008; Karanth et al. 2009; Gopi et al. 2010; taxonomically more closely related to jackals than wolves Johnsingh & Acharya 2013; Kamler et al. 2015). Although and correctly termed as Dhole – the Asian origin term the populaton disappeared from former range (Johnsingh meaning recklessness and daring (Mivart 1890). In the 1985; Kamler et al. 2015), the recent rediscoveries in past, Dholes were the most widely spread canids in the newer areas have raised the hope in Sikkim (Bashir et oriental region, distributed from around 50oN and 70oE over al. 2014), western Himalaya (Pal et al. 2018), Tso Kar, the contnental Asia (Pocock 1936; Ellerman & Morrison- Ladakh (Kamler et al. 2015), and in diferent parts of Nepal Scot 1966; Johnsingh & Acharya 2013; Selvan et al. 2013). (Khatwada et al. 2011; Thapa et al. 2013; Lamichhane et Due to loss of forests and thereby the prey base (Gopi et al. 2018; Yadav et al. 2019). These discoveries indicate that al. 2010; FAO 2020), Dholes were extrpated from more the species is moving out to ensure fewer competton and than 75% of their global historic range with the remaining less disturbance, which in future may foster resilience and estmate of 949 to 2,215 individuals (Kamler et al. 2015). expand its range. Looking to this scatering trend, IUCN categorized Dholes In Gujarat, many claim to have sighted dhole in Dangs, from Vulnerable to Endangered (Kamler et al. 2015), and Shoolparneshwar, Bharuch, Surat, Ratanmahal, and even are placed in Schedule II of Indian Wildlife (Protecton) Act in northern Gujarat (Singh 1998, 2001, 2013; Alfred 1972, and in Appendix II of CITES (2019). 2000; GFD 2013; Kumar & Pathan 2016); however, no India lost around 60% of Dholes in the last 100 years authentc evidence could ever be produced to ensure the (Karanth et al. 2010) and less than 1,500 individuals are certainty of the species in these areas, and therefore, the lef in Indian forests (Johnsingh & Acharya 2013; Kamler et literatures endorsed Dhole as an exterminated species Editor: L.A.K. Singh, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2021 (online & print) Citaton: Kazi, A.A., D.N. Rabari, M.I. Dahya & S. Lyngdoh (2021). Reappearance of Dhole Cuon alpinus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) in Gujarat afer 70 years. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(6): 18655–18659. htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6415.13.6.18655-18659 Copyright: © Kazi et al. 2021. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: None. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Shri Jayveerendrasinhji Solanki for sharing valuable historic observatons, M.J. Parmar and C.K. Sonwane, CCFs for their guidance and support, M.U. Jat and M.S. Desai for sharing their frst physical sightng of 06 February 2020, Dileswar Nayak and Manoj Agrawal for help in GIS; Jigar Patel, Kiran Makwana, Abbas Bamsalam, Ramesh Mahla, Mulji Mahla, & Samir Shaikh for feldwork, and Vivek Mehta & Kirt Bardhan for their inputs. 18655 J TT Reappearance of Dhole in Gujarat afer 70 years Kazi et al. Figure 1. Current distributon of Dhole Cuon alpinus in India; camera trap locatons (black dots) and Dhole capture locatons (red dots) in Vansda Natonal Park, Gujarat; and minimum convex polygon for the Dhole pack. Image 2. The diurnally actve Dhole Cuon alpinus in Vansda Natonal Park, Gujarat. Image 1. The historic photo of Dhole Cuon alpinus from Vansda Natonal Park, Gujarat clicked on 4 October 1949. Photo: Digveerendrasinhji Solanki (Jayveerendrasinhji Solanki pers. comm. 2020). In the middle of all the ambiguity on Dhole’s historic presence, the only reliable source is Digveerendrasinhji’s photo of 4 from Gujarat (Johnsingh 1985; Ginsberg & Macdonald October 1949 from Vansda forest of present day Vansda 1990; Singh 1998, 2001, 2013; GFD 2013; Kumar & Natonal Park. This is the only historic sightng record of Pathan 2016). In the Bharuch District Gazete (GoI 1961) Dhole from Gujarat (Image 1). Wild Dogs were reported from Dediapada, Sagbara, To confrm the presence of Dhole, from January–May and Gora range. The then Maharaja of Vansda State 2020 camera traps were laid at 30 sampling locatons in Shri Digveerendrasinhji Solanki states to have observed VNP along the select trails, waterpoints and crossings Dhole packs in Vansda Natonal Park (VNP) in 1970 (Singh where Dhole movements were antcipated (Table 1). GPS 2013). Authentc sightng records from 1949 and 1970 coordinates, elevaton, and habitat type were recorded are known, but without confrmed presence thereafer at each sampling locaton. Camera trap photo/video 18656 Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18655–18659 Reappearance of Dhole in Gujarat afer 70 years Kazi et al. J TT Table 1. Details of camera trap locatons to confrm the presence of Dhole Cuon alpinus in Vansda Natonal Park (VNP) during January to May 2020. Trap locaton VNP Beat Alttude (m) Trap duraton No of trap days No.of photos No.of videos Actvity Sex Other species captured Code L1 Kevdi 139 II 45 3 1 Dr M LE, CH, CL, BD, WB, BPC, RM, GL L2 Kevdi 141 I 15 1 - Pa UI LE, CL, WB, SIC, BPC, RM L3 Tadpada 160 I 15 - - - - CL, BD, WB, RM L4 Tadpada 155 I 15 - - - - CL, BD, WB, RM L5 Tadpada 156 I 15 - - - - RM, GL L6 Kevdi 145 I 15 1 - Ru - LE, CH, CL, BD, WB, BPC, RM, GL L7 Kevdi 144 II 45 25 14 Dr, Pa, Ru M, F LE, CH, CL, BD, WB, BPC, SIC, RM, GL L8 Kevdi 151 I 15 2 - Pa UI CL, BD, WB, BPC, SIC, RM, GL L9 Tadpada 168 I 15 - - - -- L10 Tadpada 167 I 15 - - - - CL, BD, WB L11 Kala-amba 173 II, V 56 27 3 Dr, Pa, Ru M, F LE, CH, CL, BD, WB, BPC, SIC, RM, GL, ICP, IGM L12 Kala-amba 110 III 15 - - - - LE, CL, WB, SIC, RM L13 Kala-amba 160 III 15 1 1 Ea M LE, CL, WB, SIC, RM L14 Navtad 169 III 15 - - - - CL, WB, SIC, RM L15 Navtad 187 III 15 - - - - CL, WB, SIC, RM L16 Kevdi 136 III 15 1 - Pa UI LE, CL, WB, SIC, RM, GL L17 Kevdi 140 III 15 2 - Pa M LE, CL, BD, WB L18 Kevdi 132 III 15 1 - Pa UI LE, CL, WB, SIC, RM, GL L19 Kala-amba 163 II, V 56 80 2 Pa, Ru M LE, CL, WB, SIC, BPC, RM L20 Kevdi 157 III 15 1 - Pa M CL, WB, RM L21 Navtad 143 IV 8 - - - - RM, GL L22 Kevdi 153 IV 8 1 - Pa UI WB, RM, GL L23 Kevdi 161 IV 8 1 - Pa UI CL, WB L24 Navtad 195 IV 8 - - - - RM, GL L25 Kala-amba 164 IV 8 1 - Pa F CL, BD L26 Kilad 118 IV 8 - - - - RM, GL L27 Kilad 126 IV 8 - - - - CL, WB, SIC L28 Navtad 156 IV 8 - - - - RM, GL CL, WB, SIC, GL L29 Kala-amba 123 IV 8 - - - - L30 Kevdi 161 IV 8 1 1 Pa, Dr M RM, GL I—30 January–14 February 2020 | II—30 January–14 March 2020 | III—15 February–1 March 2020 | IV—17–24 April 2020 | V—15–25 May 2020 18657 Dr—Drinking | Pa—Passing by | Ru—Running | Ea—Eatng | M—Male | F—Female | UI—Unidentfed.
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