DOCSLIB.ORG

FAMILY Pseudotriakidae Gill, 1893 - False Catsharks [=Pseudotriacinae, Golluminae] Notes: Pseudotriacinae Gill, 1893B:130 [Ref

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FAMILY Pseudotriakidae Gill, 1893 - False Catsharks [=Pseudotriacinae, Golluminae] Notes: Pseudotriacinae Gill, 1893B:130 [Ref FAMILY Pseudotriakidae Gill, 1893 - false catsharks [=Pseudotriacinae, Golluminae] Notes: Pseudotriacinae Gill, 1893b:130 [ref. 26255] (subfamily) Pseudotriakis [Pseudotriacis inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; name must be corrected Article 32.5.3; stem corrected to Pseudotriak- by Jordan & Evermann 1896a:26 [ref. 2443], confirmed by Compagno 1988:195 [ref. 13488], by Compagno 1999:27 [ref. 25589] and by Nelson 2006:61 [ref. 32486]] Golluminae Compagno, 1988:192 [ref. 13488] (subfamily) Gollum GENUS Gollum Compagno, 1973 - gollumsharks [=Gollum Compagno [L. J. V.], 1973:264] Notes: [ref. 897]. Masc. Triakis attenuata Garrick, 1954. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Name treated as a masculine noun. •Valid as Gollum Compagno, 1973 -- (Compagno 1984:375 [ref. 6846], Compagno 1988:193 [ref. 13488] in new subfamily Golluminae of Proscylliidae, Compagno 1999:481 [ref. 25589] in Pseudotriakidae, Compagno et al. 2005:28 [ref. 29145] in Pseudotriakidae, Last & Gaudiano 2011:18 [ref. 31479]). Current status: Valid as Gollum Compagno, 1973. Pseudotriakidae. Species Gollum attenuatus (Garrick, 1954) - slender smoothhound [=Triakis attenuata Garrick [J. A. F.], 1954:698, Figs. 1 (A-Q), 2 (A-F)] Notes: [Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand v. 82 (pt 3); ref. 18271] Off Kahu Rocks, northeast of Cape Palliser, New Zealand, depth 120 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Gollum attenuatus (Garrick, 1954). Pseudotriakidae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: off New Zealand. Habitat: marine. Species Gollum suluensis Last & Gaudiano, 2011 - Sulu gollumshark [=Gollum suluensis Last [P. R.] & Gaudiano [J. P.], 2011:19, Figs. 1-7] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 3002; ref. 31479] Off Puerto Princesa Bay, Bagong Sikat, Palawan, Philippines, Sulu Sea, depth about 730 meters. Current status: Valid as Gollum suluensis Last & Gaudiano, 2011. Pseudotriakidae. Distribution: Philippines, western Sulu Sea basin. Habitat: marine. GENUS Planonasus Weigmann et al., 2013 - false catsharks [=Planonasus Weigmann [S.], Stehmann [M. F. W.] & Thiel [R.], 2013:164] Notes: [ref. 32426]. Masc. Planonasus parini Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2013. type by original designation. •Valid as Planonasus Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2013. Current status: Valid as Planonasus Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2013. Pseudotriakidae. Species Planonasus parini Weigmann et al., 2013 - Parin's catshark, dwarf false catshark [=Planonasus parini Weigmann [S.], Stehmann [M. F. W.] & Thiel, [R.] 2013:166, Figs. 2-20] Notes: [Zootaxa 3609 (no. 2); ref. 32426] 12°22'8"N, 53°02'7"E-12°21'2"N, 53°01'3"E, off Socotra Islands, depth 1000-1120 meters. Current status: Valid as Planonasus parini Weigmann, Stehmann & Thiel, 2013. Pseudotriakidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra Islands. Habitat: marine. GENUS Pseudotriakis de Brito Capello, 1868 - false catsharks [=Pseudotriakis de Brito Capello [F.], 1868:315] Notes: [ref. 718]. Fem. Pseudotriakis microdon de Brito Capello, 1868. Type by monotypy. Pseudotriacis Günther, 1870:395 [ref. 1995] is an unjustified emendation. •Valid as Pseudotriakis de Brito Capello, 1868 -- (Springer 1973:22 [ref. 7162], Taniuchi et al. 1984 [ref. 6732], Quéro in Whitehead et al. 1984:101 [ref. 13675], Compagno 1984:378 [ref. 6846], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:5 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:96 [ref. 5635], Compagno 1988:197 [ref. 13488], Yano & Musick 1992 [ref. 19887], Compagno 1999:481 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2003:370 [ref. 26984], Hoese & Bray 2006:88 [ref. 29000] as Capella, Castro 2011:332 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Pseudotriakis de Brito Capello, 1868. Pseudotriakidae. Species Pseudotriakis microdon de Capello, 1868 - false catshark [=Pseudotriakis microdon de Brito Capello [F.], 1868:316, Pl. 5 (fig. 1), Pseudotriakis acrales Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.], 1904:232, Pl. 62] Notes: [Jornal do Sciências Mathemáticas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 718] Setubal, Portugal, Northeastern Atlantic. Current status: Valid as Pseudotriakis microdon de Brito Capello, 1868. Pseudotriakidae. Distribution: Cosmopolitan, but scattered records (including North Sea, Hawaiian Islands); none from the eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (acrales) [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 45; ref. 2519] Off Toi, Suruga Bay, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Pseudotriakis microdon de Brito Capello, 1868. Pseudotriakidae. Habitat: marine.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
    An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved.
    [Show full text]
  • Ground Sharks
    click for previous page - v - TABLE OF CONTENTS Code Page 9. ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES - GROUND SHARKS ....................................................................................... 251 9.1 FAMILY SCYLIORHINIDAE - Catsharks .................................................. SCYL ........................................... 253 Apristurus....................................................................................................... SCYL Aprist ................................ 257 A. atlanticus ..................................................................................... SCYL Aprist 1 ............................... 261 A. brunneus ...................................................................................... SCYL Aprist 2 ............................... 262 A. canutus ............................................................................................ SCYL Aprist 3 ............................... 263 A. herklotsi ........................................................................................ SCYL Aprist 4 ............................... 264 A. indicus ............................................................................................. SCYL Aprist 5 ............................... 265 A. investigatoris ................................................................................... SCYL Aprist 6 ............................... 267 A. japonicus ....................................................................................... SCYL Aprist 7 ............................... 268
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan2)
    MALAYSIA NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARK (PLAN2) DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY MALAYSIA 2014 First Printing, 2014 Copyright Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Published in Malaysia by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Malaysia, Level 1-6, Wisma Tani Lot 4G2, Precinct 4, 62628 Putrajaya Malaysia Telephone No. : 603 88704000 Fax No. : 603 88891233 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://dof.gov.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-983-9819-99-1 This publication should be cited as follows: Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014. Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro- based Industry Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. 50pp SUMMARY Malaysia has been very supportive of the International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS) developed by FAO that is to be implemented voluntarily by countries concerned. This led to the development of Malaysia’s own National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark or NPOA-Shark (Plan 1) in 2006. The successful development of Malaysia’s second National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2) is a manifestation of her renewed commitment to the continuous improvement of shark conservation and management measures in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • For the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks)
    CCSBT-ERS/1503/Info 12 National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks) November 2013 South Africa Acknowledgements Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Tel: 021 402 3911 Fax: +27 21 402 3364 www.daff.gov.za Design and Layout: Directorate Communications (Fisheries Branch, Cape Town) Layout Artist: Gerald van Tonder Photographs courtesy of: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Craig Smith, Charlene da Silva, Rob Tarr Printed in South Africa by Creda Communications Foreword South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone is endowed with a rich variety of marine living resources. The sustainable management of these resources for the benefit of all South Africans, present and future, remains a firm commitment of the South African Government. South Africa is signatory to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – voluntarily agreed to by members of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) – and, as such, is committed to the development and implementation of National Plans of Action (NPOAs) as adopted by the twenty-third session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 1999 and endorsed by the FAO Council in June 1999. NPOAs describe strategies through which commercial fishing nations can achieve economically and ecologically sustainable fisheries. South Africa published the NPOA- Seabirds – aimed at reducing incidental catch and promoting the conservation of seabirds in longline fisheries – in August 2008. South Africa has adopted an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and now regularly conducts Ecological Risk Assessments for all the commercial fishing sectors, widely consulting with all stakeholders regarding best management practices.
    [Show full text]
  • First Records of the False Catshark, Pseudotriakis Microdon Capello, 1868, from the Waters of Eastern Australia and Indonesia
    VOLUME 51 PART 2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM BRISBANE 31 DECEMBER 2005 © Queensland Museum PO Box 3300, South Brisbane 4101, Australia Phone 06 7 3840 7555 Fax 06 7 3846 1226 Email [email protected] Website www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au National Library of Australia card number ISSN 0079-8835 NOTE Papers published in this volume and in all previous volumes of the Memoirs of the Queensland Museum may be reproduced for scientific research, individual study or other educational purposes. Properly acknowledged quotations may be made but queries regarding the republication of any papers should be addressed to the Director. Copies of the journal can be purchased from the Queensland Museum Shop. A Guide to Authors is displayed at the Queensland Museum web site www.qmuseum.qld.gov.au/resources/resourcewelcome.html A Queensland Government Project Typeset at the Queensland Museum FIRST RECORDS OF THE FALSE CATSHARK, PSEUDOTRIAKIS MICRODON CAPELLO, 1868, FROM THE WATERS OF EASTERN AUSTRALIA AND INDONESIA PETER M. KYNE, JEFFREY W. JOHNSON, WILLIAM T. WHITE AND MICHAEL B. BENNETT Kyne, P.M., Johnson, J.W., White, W.T. & Bennett, M.B. 2005 12 31: First records of the false catshark, Pseudotriakis microdon Capello, 1868, from the waters of eastern Australia and Indonesia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 51(2): 525-530. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835. A new specimen of a rare deepwater chondrichthyan, the false catshark Pseudotriakis microdon Capello, 1868 is documented from the Coral Sea. This represents the first record of the species from off the east coast of Australia and only the second from Australian waters.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa, Republic Of
    National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks) Foreword South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone is endowed with a rich variety of marine living resources. The sustainable management of these resources for the benefit of all South Africans, present and future, remains a firm commitment of the South African Government. South Africa is signatory to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - voluntarily agreed to by members of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) - and, as such, is committed to the development and implementation of National Plans of Action (NPOAs) as adopted by the twenty- third session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 1999 and endorsed by the FAO Council in June 1999. NPOAs describe strategies through which commercial fishing nations can achieve economically and ecologically sustainable fisheries. South Africa published the NPOA-Seabirds – aimed at reducing incidental catch and promoting the conservation of seabirds in longline fisheries - in August 2008. South Africa has adopted an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries and now regularly conducts Ecological Risk Assessments for all the commercial fishing sectors, widely consulting with all stakeholders regarding best management practices. Acknowledging the importance of maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem and the possibility of major detrimental effects due to the disappearance of large predators, South Africa was the first country to offer full protection to the great white shark, removing it from the list of harvestable species. In accordance with international recommendations, South Africa subsequently banned the landing of a number of susceptible shark species, including oceanic whitetip, silky, thresher and hammerhead sharks.
    [Show full text]
  • Management of Shark Fishery in Sri Lanka
    Received: 6 and 15 September, 2012 IOTC–2012–WPEB08–10 Rev_1 MANAGEMENT OF SHARK FISHERY IN SRI LANKA H.L.N.S.Herath Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Colombo 10, Sri Lanka Abstract The fisheries sector is one of the most important sectors in the economy of Sri Lanka by providing direct and indirect employment to the country. The sector also contributes nearly 3% to the GDP and provides 65-70 % of the animal protein consumed by the population. Fisheries management arrangements within the EEZ were implemented under the provisions of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No.2 of 1996. The objectives of the Act are management, conservation, regulation, and development of the fisheries and aquatic resources of Sri Lanka. During the past two decades the fishing activities have been expanded from its continental shelf and beyond 200 mile EEZ. Sharks have been exploited for 4-5 decades using various fishing methods during last decades. However presently deep water shark fisheries are operating in very insignificant levels. Majority of the catch come as by-catch from tuna long line and gill net fishery. It has been observed that Shark catches have been decreased rapidly during last decades as a result of the management arrangements. The catch composition mainly includes silky shark and other twelve species. There is a action plan for preparation of NPOA-Sharks in Sri Lanka and Fisheries Act and other environmentally related legislations take initiatives to the conservation and management the shark fisheries in the country. 1 Received: 6 and 15 September, 2012 IOTC–2012–WPEB08–10 Rev_1 Introduction Sri Lanka is a coastal fishing nation in the Indian Ocean and has sovereign right over 517,000 km2 of Exclusive Economic Zone declared by 1978(Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
    The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • View/Download
    CARCHARHINIFORMES (Ground Sharks) · 1 The ETYFish Project © Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara COMMENTS: v. 32.0 - 17 June 2021 Order CARCHARHINIFORMES Ground Sharks 9 families · 54 genera/subgenera · 295 species/subspecies Family PENTANCHIDAE Deepwater Cat Sharks 11 genera · 111 species Apristurus Garman 1913 a-, not; pristis, saw; oura, tail, referring to absence of saw-toothed crest of enlarged dermal denticles along upper edge of caudal fin as found in the closely related Pristiurus (=Galeus) Apristurus albisoma Nakaya & Séret 1999 albus, white; soma, body, referring to whitish color Apristurus ampliceps Sasahara, Sato & Nakaya 2008 amplus, large; -ceps, head, which, apparently, it is Apristurus aphyodes Nakaya & Stehmann 1998 whitish, referring to pale gray coloration Apristurus australis Sato, Nakaya & Yorozu 2008 southern, referring to distribution in the southern hemisphere around Australia Apristurus breviventralis Kawauchi, Weigmann & Nakaya 2014 brevis, short; ventralis, of the belly, referring to very short abdomen Apristurus brunneus (Gilbert 1892) brown, referring to “uniform warm brown” color above and below Apristurus bucephalus White, Last & Pogonoski 2008 bu, large; cephalus, head, referring to large, broad head Apristurus canutus Springer & Heemstra 1979 hoary, referring to dark gray coloration with minute white spots underneath denticles Apristurus exsanguis Sato, Nakaya & Stewart 1999 bloodless or lifeless, referring to characteristic pale coloration and flaccid body Apristurus fedorovi Dolganov 1983 in honor
    [Show full text]
  • Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Reveals the Development of A
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Micro-computed tomography imaging reveals the development of a unique tooth mineralization pattern Received: 20 February 2019 Accepted: 18 June 2019 in mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes; Published: xx xx xxxx Lamniformes) in deep time Patrick L. Jambura 1, René Kindlimann2, Faviel López-Romero1, Giuseppe Marramà 1, Cathrin Pfaf 1, Sebastian Stumpf 1, Julia Türtscher1, Charlie J. Underwood 3, David J. Ward 4 & Jürgen Kriwet 1 The cartilaginous fshes (Chondrichthyes) have a rich fossil record which consists mostly of isolated teeth and, therefore, phylogenetic relationships of extinct taxa are mainly resolved based on dental characters. One character, the tooth histology, has been examined since the 19th century, but its implications on the phylogeny of Chondrichthyes is still in debate. We used high resolution micro-CT images and tooth sections of 11 recent and seven extinct lamniform sharks to examine the tooth mineralization processes in this group. Our data showed similarities between lamniform sharks and other taxa (a dentinal core of osteodentine instead of a hollow pulp cavity), but also one feature that has not been known from any other elasmobranch fsh: the absence of orthodentine. Our results suggest that this character resembles a synapomorphic condition for lamniform sharks, with the basking shark, Cetorhinus maximus, representing the only exception and reverted to the plesiomorphic tooth histotype. Additionally, †Palaeocarcharias stromeri, whose afliation still is debated, shares the same tooth histology only known from lamniform sharks. This suggests that †Palaeocarcharias stromeri is member of the order Lamniformes, contradicting recent interpretations and thus, dating the origin of this group back at least into the Middle Jurassic.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of a New Mode of Oviparous Reproduction in Sharks and Its Evolutionary Implications Kazuhiro Nakaya1, William T
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Discovery of a new mode of oviparous reproduction in sharks and its evolutionary implications Kazuhiro Nakaya1, William T. White2 & Hsuan‑Ching Ho3,4* Two modes of oviparity are known in cartilaginous fshes, (1) single oviparity where one egg case is retained in an oviduct for a short period and then deposited, quickly followed by another egg case, and (2) multiple oviparity where multiple egg cases are retained in an oviduct for a substantial period and deposited later when the embryo has developed to a large size in each case. Sarawak swellshark Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis of the family Scyliorhinidae from the South China Sea performs a new mode of oviparity, which is named “sustained single oviparity”, characterized by a lengthy retention of a single egg case in an oviduct until the embryo attains a sizable length. The resulting fecundity of the Sarawak swellshark within a season is quite low, but this disadvantage is balanced by smaller body, larger neonates and quicker maturation. The Sarawak swellshark is further uniquely characterized by having glassy transparent egg cases, and this is correlated with a vivid polka‑dot pattern of the embryos. Five modes of lecithotrophic (yolk-dependent) reproduction, i.e. short single oviparity, sustained single oviparity, multiple oviparity, yolk‑sac viviparity of single pregnancy and yolk‑sac viviparity of multiple pregnancy were discussed from an evolutionary point of view. Te reproductive strategies of the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fshes) are far more diverse than those of the other animal groups. Reproduction in chondrichthyan fshes is divided into two main modes, oviparity (egg laying) and viviparity (live bearing).
    [Show full text]
  • Leigh SC, Papastamatiou Y, and DP German. 2017. the Nutritional
    Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2017) 27:561–585 DOI 10.1007/s11160-017-9481-2 REVIEWS The nutritional physiology of sharks Samantha C. Leigh . Yannis Papastamatiou . Donovan P. German Received: 28 December 2016 / Accepted: 9 May 2017 / Published online: 25 May 2017 Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 Abstract Sharks compose one of the most diverse Keywords Digestive efficiency Á Digestive and abundant groups of consumers in the ocean. biochemistry Á Gastrointestinal tract Á Microbiome Á Consumption and digestion are essential processes for Spiral intestine Á Stable isotopes obtaining nutrients and energy necessary to meet a broad and variable range of metabolic demands. Despite years of studying prey capture behavior and Introduction feeding habits of sharks, there has been little explo- ration into the nutritional physiology of these animals. Sharks make up one of the most abundant and diverse To fully understand the physiology of the digestive groups of consumers in the ocean (Fig. 1, Compagno tract, it is critical to consider multiple facets, including 2008). They may play an important ecological role in the evolution of the system, feeding mechanisms, energy fluxes in marine environments and in impact- digestive morphology, digestive strategies, digestive ing the biodiversity of lower trophic levels that we biochemistry, and gastrointestinal microbiomes. In depend on as a food and economic resource (e.g., each of these categories, we make comparisons to Wetherbee et al. 1990; Corte´s et al. 2008). However, what is currently known about teleost nutritional beyond prey capture methods and dietary analyses, the physiology, as well as what methodology is used, and nutritional physiology of sharks is woefully under- describe how similar techniques can be used in shark studied.
    [Show full text]