2014 Air Quality Progress Report for City of York Council

In fulfillment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

April 2014

City of York Council

Local Authority Andrew Gillah Officers Elizabeth Bates

Department Environmental Protection Unit Hazel Court Eco Depot Address James Street York YO10 3DS Telephone 01904 551532 / 551529 [email protected] e-mail [email protected]

Report Reference PR2014 number

Date April 2014

LAQM Progress Report 2014 1 City of York Council

Executive Summary

This report provides an update on local air quality management in York. It sets out the progress made in achieving / maintaining pollutant concentrations below the air quality objectives and implementation of the Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) and Low Emission Strategy (LES) measures.

The report has been prepared in accordance with the guidance provided in Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09). The following items have been included: • New air quality monitoring results and consideration of historical trends in air quality data • Details of new developments that may affect local air quality • Summary of existing policies in relation to air quality and the planning process • An update on the Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) and implementation of the Low Emission Strategy (LES)

Within the existing AQMAs, reductions in annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were observed at Fishergate, Nunnery Lane and Fulford continuous monitors between 2012 and 2013. Over the same period, increases in annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were observed at Lawrence Street, Holgate Road and Gillygate. The increase observed at Lawrence Street in 2013 meant that this site breached the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective for the first time since monitoring commenced at this site in 2004.

Both continuous monitoring sites outside the Air Quality Management Area (Bootham and Heworth Green) exhibited reductions in annual average nitrogen dioxide concentrations between 2012 and 2013. This reduction was pronounced at Heworth Green (reduction of 7.1µg/m 3). Slightly smaller reductions were observed at the Bootham background monitoring site (4.4µg/m 3 reduction). Background concentrations at Bootham hospital in 2013 are the lowest on record since 1999; they were comparable to annual mean concentrations monitored at this site in 2004 and

LAQM Progress Report 2014 2 City of York Council

2005.

For the purpose of monitoring the impact of York’s Local Transport Plan (LTP) a local air quality indicator has been established. This indicator measures the mean of 40 annual average results obtained from 40 diffusion tubes located within York’s city centre AQMA. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations across the city were in general decline between 2002 and 2005. Between 2006 and 2010, levels across the city centre AQMA rose, but in more recent years there is emerging evidence of a steady improvement within the AQMA. Levels of nitrogen dioxide across the 40 sites used for the indicator fell from 40µg/m 3 in 2012 to 34µg/m 3 in 2013.

Exceedences of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective were observed across the city centre AQMA during 2013. The existing AQMA boundaries are still considered accurate. Whilst concentrations of nitrogen dioxide along Fulford Main Street and Salisbury Terrace were elevated during 2013 there we no exceedences monitored in these locations. Some reduction in nitrogen dioxide concentration was observed in these areas between 2012 and 2013 and it is proposed to review the extent of the AQMA boundary if the objective continues to be met in future years.

Concentrations well in excess of the 40µg/m 3 annual mean objective were observed on along Rougier Street and George Hudson Street, although concentrations are currently less that 60µg/m 3 (a level which is indicative of breaches of the short-term hourly mean objective). As the city centre AQMA was extended in 2012 to include this area of the city on the basis of potential breaches of both the annual mean and hourly mean, the extent and nature of this AQMA declaration may need to be reviewed in future years.

Monitoring of other pollutants, including particulate matter (PM 10 ), has not indicated any issues with respect to the other air quality objectives. On this basis no further AQMAs are proposed at this time. A further, comprehensive update for other pollutants will be provided as part of City of York Council’s next Update and Screening Report, due in April 2015.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 3 City of York Council

Over the past year, good progress has been made with implementation of many of the measures in the Air Quality Action Plan – progress with each measure is documented in Chapter 9. An update on progress made with measures in the Low Emission Strategy is provided in Chapter 4.

Any queries regarding the content of this Air Quality Progress Report should be directed to:

Andrew Gillah / Elizabeth Bates Principal Environmental Protection Officers (Air Quality) City of York Council Environmental Protection Unit Eco Depot, Hazel Court, James Street York, YO10 3DS e-mail: [email protected] Tel : (01904) 551532 e-mail: [email protected] Tel : (01904) 551529

LAQM Progress Report 2014 4 City of York Council

Table of Contents

1 Introduction Page 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area 9 1.2 Purpose of Progress Report 10 1.3 Air Quality Objectives 10 1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments 12 2 New Monitoring Data 19 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken 19 2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites 19 2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites 23 2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives 26

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) 26

2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) 48

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) 52

2.2.4 Benzene (C 6H6) 52 2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored 52 2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives 54 3 New Local Developments 55 3.1 Road Traffic Sources 55 3.2 Other Transport Sources 55 3.3 Industrial Sources 56 3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources 56 3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources 57 4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 58 4.1 City of York Council’s Low Emission Strategy 58 4.2 Progress with Low Emission Strategy Measures 59 4.2.1 Tackling emissions from private vehicles 59 4.2.2 Tackling emission from buses, coaches and HGVs 60 4.2.3 Council Fleet and other work 61 5 Planning Applications 64 5.1 Approved Planning Applications 64 5.2 Planning Applications under consideration 68

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6 Air Quality Planning Policies 76 6.1 Assessment of Planning Applications by EPU 76 6.2 Air Quality Planning Policies 78 7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 81 7.1 Integration of the AQAP and LTP 81 8 Climate Change Strategies 83 8.1 The Climate Change Framework 83 8.2 The Climate Change Action Plan 83 8.3 The Internal Carbon Management Plan 84 9 Implementation of Action Plans 85 9.1 Progress with Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP2) 85 9.2 Main considerations for the development of AQAP3 95 10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 97 10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data 97 10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments 98 10.3 Proposed Actions 98 11 References 99

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List of Tables Table No Page No Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the 1.1 11 purpose of LAQM in England 1.2 City of York Council’s Review and Assessment Process 17 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites operational in 2013 21 2.2 Particulate monitoring equipment in operation during 2013 23 Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring surveys 2.3 undertaken since the completion of the Air Quality 23 Progress report 2013 Results of automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide: 2.4 26 comparison with annual mean objective Results of automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide: 2.5 27 comparison with 1-hour mean objective 2.6 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes 2013 31 Estimation of bias-corrected annual mean diffusion tube 2.7 45 concentrations from short-term monitoring data

Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM 10 : Comparison with 2.8 49 Annual Mean Objective

Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM 10 : Comparison with 2.9 51 24-hour Mean Objective 2.10 Results of Benzene Monitoring in York 52 2.11 Ozone monitoring at Dunnington 53 Planning applications approved since the last Progress 5.1 65 Report 5.2 Planning applications under consideration 69 9.1 Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP2) Progress 86

LAQM Progress Report 2014 7 City of York Council List of Figures Figure No Page No York’s First Air Quality Management Area (declared 1.1 13 January 2002) York’s Second Air Quality Management Area (declared 1.2 14 April 2010) 1.3 Salisbury Terrace AQMA 15 1.4 City Centre AQMA (revised 2012) 16 Location of real time monitoring sites in York (sites operational in 2013 shown in Yellow (10 sites), historical 2.1 19 sites shown in grey (4 sites), AQMA boundaries shown in red) Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations 2.2 28 Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites inside the AQMA Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations 2.3 Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites outside the 29 AQMA Trends in Annual mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations 2.4 Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites (Local 47 Transport Plan – AQ Indicator)

2.5 Trends in Annual Mean PM 10 Concentrations 50

Appendices Appendix 1: External Contracts Appendix 2: Data Management Appendix 3: Non-automatic monitoring sites Appendix 4: Bias and Precision Calculations

LAQM Progress Report 2014 8 City of York Council 1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Local Authority Area

City of York Council is a unitary authority covering approximately 105 square miles with a population of around 202,400. It lies in the north of England surrounded by the county of North Yorkshire. The City of York Council area is made up of the historic city centre and surrounding urban area, along with a number of villages and semi- rural settlements. A wide expanse of greenbelt separates the city from the neighbouring towns of Harrogate (34km), Selby (23km) and Malton (31km). The nearest cities are Leeds (39km) and Hull (60km).

The City of York has a flat topology due to its location in the Vale of York at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss. It is a nationally and internationally prominent city and one of the UK’s most visited tourist destinations. York has excellent rail links to the rest of the UK via the East Coast main line and is easily accessed from the main motorway network by the A64 which runs to the south of the city. The historic core is surrounded by an inner ring road linked to the outer ring road via a number of radial routes. At present five of these routes are served by Park and Ride services, with plans for two more. The main shopping area is in the heart of the historic core and is one of the largest pedestrianised centres in the UK. There are three out of town shopping areas located on the outer ring road.

The main source of air pollution in York is traffic. An air quality management area (AQMA) was declared for nitrogen dioxide in 2002 that covers the inner ring road area and some parts of the radial routes leading on to it. A second AQMA was declared in April 2010 that stretches from the southern boundary of the city centre AQMA to the village of Fulford on the A19. A third AQMA was declared in the Leeman Road area in 2012.

There are no major sources of industrial pollution in the City of York Council area. The nearest large industrial emission sources are three power stations Drax, Eggborough and Ferrybridge located between 19km and 25km south of the city.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 9 City of York Council 1.2 Purpose of Progress Report

This report fulfils the requirements of the Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) process as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995), the Air Quality Strategy for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland 2007 and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents. The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where exceedences are considered likely, the local authority must then declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives.

Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly Updating and Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity in the LAQM process.

They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment Reports, or to require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the risk of exceedence of an Air Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately, and not wait until the next round of Review and Assessment.

1.3 Air Quality Objectives

The air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England are set out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043), and are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m 3 (milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m 3 for carbon monoxide) with the number of exceedences in each year that are permitted (where applicable).

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Table 1.1 Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of LAQM in England

Air Quality Objective Date to be Pollutant Concentration Measured as achieved by Running annual 16.25 µg/m 3 31.12.2003 Benzene mean 5.00 µg/m 3 Annual mean 31.12.2010 Running annual 1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m 3 31.12.2003 mean Running 8-hour Carbon monoxide 10 mg/m 3 31.12.2003 mean 0.50 µg/m 3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead 0.25 µg/m 3 Annual mean 31.12.2008 200 µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 31.12.2005 Nitrogen dioxide than 18 times a year 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 31.12.2005 50 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 (PM 10 ) than 35 times a (gravimetric) year 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 350 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean 31.12.2004 than 24 times a year 125 µg/m 3, not to Sulphur dioxide be exceeded more 24-hour mean 31.12.2004 than 3 times a year 266 µg/m 3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean 31.12.2005 than 35 times a year

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1.4 Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

City of York Council completed a First Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in December 1998. The report concluded that no further action would be needed to meet the air quality objectives for the following pollutants:

• benzene • 1,3 butadiene • lead • carbon monoxide

For nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and PM 10 , the report concluded that further stages of review and assessment were required.

In February 2000 City of York Council completed a Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York. This report concluded that the air quality objectives for sulphur dioxide and PM 10 would be met, but recommended that an AQMA should be declared due to predicted breaches of the annual average nitrogen dioxide objective at five locations around the inner ring road.

Following a period of extensive public participatory consultation an AQMA was declared in January 2002 – Figure 1.1

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Figure 1.1 York’s First Air Quality Management Area (declared January 2002)

The declaration of the AQMA in York placed a duty on City of York Council to undertake a Fourth Stage Review and Assessment of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the city and to submit an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) to the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). A final Fourth Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York, and an AQAP were submitted to DEFRA in July 2004.

Since the declaration of the AQMA, City of York Council has undertaken a number of Update and Screening and Progress Reports. These reports have continually identified breaches of the annual average nitrogen dioxide objective within the city centre AQMA. In the 2009 Update and Screening Report an additional area of elevated annual average nitrogen dioxide concentrations was identified in Fulford Main Street. A Detailed Assessment of nitrogen dioxide in this area was submitted to DEFRA in September 2009. This report identified the need for an additional AQMA along the Fulford Road corridor, see Figure 1.2 below.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 13 City of York Council

Figure 1.2 : York’s Second Air Quality Management Area (declared April 2010)

The AQMA in Fulford was declared on 8 th April 2010.

City of York Council’s Air Quality Progress Report, submitted to DEFRA in April 2011, identified a number of air quality monitoring sites outside the existing Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) where elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide had been monitored in recent years. One of these sites, Salisbury Terrace, had experienced consistently elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide for a number of years, and thus a ‘Detailed Assessment’ of nitrogen dioxide concentrations in this area was required by DEFRA.

A Detailed Assessment was carried out for the area of Leeman Road in the vicinity of Salisbury Terrace. Diffusion tube monitoring work indicated that concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were above health based air quality objective values along a short stretch of Salisbury Terrace. Based on this Detailed Assessment, an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) was declared in the Leeman Road area on 18 May 2012 due to elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2).

LAQM Progress Report 2014 14 City of York Council

In addition, the city centre AQMA has recently been amended. The revised order reflects the wider area of the city centre now known to be affected by breaches of the annual average NO 2 objective and includes some additional areas where breaches of the hourly objective for NO 2 have also recently been detected (George Hudson St / Rougier St).

Figure 1.3: Salisbury Terrace AQMA

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Figure 1.4 : City Centre AQMA (revised 2012)

All previous Review and Assessment reports can be viewed online at http://www.jorair.co.uk/index.php?page=reports .

Table 1.2 below shows City of York Council’s Air Quality Review and Assessment process to date.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 16 City of York Council

Table 1.2 City of York Council’s Review and Assessment Process

Report date Report Type Outcomes

December First Stage Review and Proceed to second stage for NO 2, 1998 Assessment PM 10 and SO 2 Second and Third Stage AQMA required for NO at 5 locations February 2002 Review 2 around inner ring road and Assessment January 2002 AQMA declaration City centre AQMA declared Interim Fourth Stage Review Requirement for city centre AQMA January 2003 and Assessment confirmed Detailed assessments needed for Update and Screening May 2003 SO from trains and PM from Assessment 2 10 domestic sources Detailed Assessment of No further assessment of SO April 2004 2 SO 2 and PM 10 and PM 10 required Fourth Stage Review and Source apportionment study and July 2004 Assessment and AQAP1 AQAP measures drawn up Continued NO exceedances in April 2005 Progress Report 2 city centre AQMA Continued NO exceedances in Update and Screening 2 April 2006 city centre AQMA –no requirement for Assessment detailed assessment April 2006 AQAP2 integrated into LTP2 Integrated AQAP and LTP Continued NO exceedances in April 2007 Progress Report 2 city centre AQMA Continued NO 2 exceedances in city centre AQMA. Requirement for April 2008 Progress Report detailed assessment for Fulford Main Street identified. Continued NO exceedances in Update and Screening 2 April 2009 city centre AQMA and on Fulford Main Assessment Street Detailed Assessment of NO on Identified need to declare a second Sept 2009 2 Fulford Main Street AQMA along the Fulford Road corridor

April 2010 AQMA declaration in Fulford Fulford AQMA declared

Continued NO 2 exceedances in April 2010 Progress Report city centre AQMA and on Fulford Main Street Continued NO 2 exceedances in April 2011 Progress Report city centre AQMA and on Fulford Main Street Further Assessment for Fulford Required following AQMA declaration in April 2011 AQMA Fulford Sept 2011 Detailed Assessment for To identify the likelihood of

LAQM Progress Report 2014 17 City of York Council

Salisbury Terrace exceendences of the annual average nitrogen dioxide objective. AQMA Declaration on Salisbury April 2012 Salisbury Terrace AQMA declared Terrace Continued NO exceedances in Update and Screening 2 April 2012 city centre AQMA, Fulford Main Street Assessment and on Salisbury Terrace Identify source contributions to November Further Assessment for exceedences of the annual average 2012 Salisbury Terrace nitrogen dioxide objective in this area.

Continued NO 2 exceedances in April 2013 Progress Report city centre AQMA, Fulford Main Street and on Salisbury Terrace

April 2014 Progress Report This report

LAQM Progress Report 2014 18 City of York Council

2 New Monitoring Data 2.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

2.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites

Since 1999, real-time monitoring of nitrogen dioxide and other pollutants have been undertaken at a total of 14 locations across York as shown in figure 2.1 below:

Figure 2.1 Location of real time monitoring sites in York (sites operational in 2013 shown in Yellow (10 sites), historical sites shown in grey (4 sites), AQMA boundaries shown in red)

Details of the majority of these sites have already been documented in previous air quality reports submitted to DEFRA. A summary of the current sites is shown in table 2.1. Further details on current sites can be viewed at http://www.jorair.co.uk

Nitrogen dioxide monitoring has been undertaken at 13 of the 14 sites shown on figure 2.1 (the exception being Plantation Drive which only monitors particulate).

LAQM Progress Report 2014 19 City of York Council

Particulate monitoring has been undertaken previously at Clifton Moor and Rawcliffe, and is currently undertaken at Plantation Drive, Holgate, Fishergate and Bootham.

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Table 2.1 Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites operational in 2013 Relevant Exposure? Does this (Y/N with Distance Location X Y Inlet Site Site Pollutants In Monitoring distance (m) to Kerb of Represent Site Type OS Grid Height ID Name Monitored AQMA? Technique from Nearest Worst- Reference (m) monitoring site to Road (m) Case relevant Exposure? exposure) 460,022 1 Bootham B 3.04 NO , PM No C, FDMS Y (0m) 49.59 N CM1 452,777 x 10 460,746 Fishergate R 2.66 NO , PM Yes C, FDMS Y (10m) 3.15 Y CM2 451,038 x 10 459,512 Holgate R 1.65 NO , PM Yes FDMS Y (12m) 2.5 Y CM3 451,282 x 10 Nunnery 460,068 R 1.65 NO Yes C Y (4m) 1.7 Y CM4 Lane 451,199 x 460,147 Gillygate R 2.50 NO Yes C Y (3m) 2.1 Y CM5 452,345 x Lawrence 461,256 R 1.65 NO Yes C Y (5m) 3.2 Y CM6 Street 451,340 x Heworth 461,126 R 1.53 NO No C Y (3m) 1.2 Y CM7 Green 452,602 x Plantation 457,428 R ~1.65 PM No TEOM Y (17m) 1 Y CM8 Drive 452,620 10 467,275 2 Dunnington B 4.10 O No Ozone Y (14m) 13 N CM9 452,355 3 Fulford 460,937 R ~1.65 NO Yes C Y(19m) 5 Y CM10 Road 449,464 x 1 Site located on a playing field (short term exposure) - opportunity for higher short term exposure closer to adjacent roads. 2 Site located adjacent to play area (short term exposure) - opportunity for higher exposure at nearby houses closer to roads C = Chemiluminescence, FDMS=Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Progress Report 2014 21 City of York Council

QA/QC Procedures for the Air Quality Monitoring Stations

To ensure that the air quality data obtained by City of York Council complies fully with the requirements of the Review and Assessment process, a comprehensive set of QA/QC procedures are in place. The aims of the QA/QC programme were fully detailed in ‘Technical Annex 2: Air Pollution Monitoring in York’ which was submitted with the Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York. Details of the current contracts held in relation to City of York Council’s air pollution monitoring network can be found in Appendix 1.

All real-time monitoring sites are calibrated fortnightly by City of York Council’s Environmental Protection Officer. Sites are serviced by the equipment suppliers every 6 months and independently audited every 12 months. The annual audit also provides an independent check of site cylinder concentrations against reference standards.

During 2008 City of York Council commenced partial in-house data management to reduce ongoing revenue costs. City of York Council now manages approximately 50% of the real time monitoring data. An outline of the data management procedures followed in house can be found at Appendix 2.

Correction Factors for Particulate Monitoring For the purpose of this report all TEOM particulate data collected during 2013 has been corrected using the Volatile Correction Model (VCM) as made available by DEFRA at www.volatile-correction-model.info/Default.aspx

No correction factors have been applied to the FDMS data presented in this report.

Particulate data for Bootham and Fishergate for the period 1/10/13 to 31/12/13 remains provisional as ratified data sets were not made available by the AURN in time for the preparation of this report.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 22 City of York Council

Table 2.2: Particulate monitoring equipment in operation during 2013

Station Dates Equipment Data presented

Bootham 1/1/2013 – 31/12/13 TEOM-FDMS Uncorrected FDMS

Fishergate 1/1/2013 – 31/12/13 TEOM-FDMS Uncorrected FDMS

Holgate 1/1/2013 – 31/12/13 TEOM-FDMS Uncorrected FDMS

Plantation Drive 1/1/2013 – 31/1/13 TEOM VCM Corrected TEOM

2.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

In addition to real time monitoring, City of York Council also undertakes nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring at 340 locations in the city. Results from this monitoring programme were last reported in the Air Quality Progress Report (April 2013). Table 2.3 shows the additional monitoring which has been undertaken since the submission of this report. Further details about these non-automatic monitoring sites can be found in Appendix 3.

Table 2.3 Nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring surveys undertaken since the completion of the Air Quality Progress Report 2013.

Tubes exposed Survey Area Monitored Monitoring period per month

City wide City wide 2013 calendar year survey A19 (North) A59 / Survey A 2013 calendar year Leeman Road Area From 1/1/2013 Huntington Road / to 31/12/13 Survey B Malton Road / there were 340 2013 calendar year tubes exposed A1079 per month.

A19 (South) Survey C 2013 calendar year Tadcaster Road Inner Ring Road Survey D 2013 calendar year and City Centre

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The nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes used in York during 2013 were supplied and analysed by Environmental Scientifics Group (ESG), Unit 12 Moorbrook, Southmead Industrial Park, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 7HP. The preparation method used for the diffusion tubes was 50% TEA in Acetone. ESG confirmed as part of their tender submission for City of York Council’s diffusion tube contract, that they could adhere to the best practice guidance provided in the ‘Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO 2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users’. In the WASP inter- comparison scheme for comparing spiked Nitrogen Dioxide diffusion tubes, ESG (formally Harwell) achieved 100% for all rounds in 2013 reported to date (rounds 120, 121 and 122).

The accuracy of the diffusion tubes are monitored on a month by month basis by co- locating diffusion tubes with the inlets to four of the real time chemiluminescence analysers operated in the city. The precision of the diffusion tubes are monitored by co-locating three diffusion tubes at seven sites in the city.

The methodology used to calculate the accuracy and precision of the diffusion tubes in York was fully documented in ‘Technical Annex 2: Air Quality Monitoring in York’, submitted with the Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York. Details of the calculations undertaken to obtain the accuracy and precision factors used in this report can be found in Appendix 4.

A database of bias adjustment factors determined from Local Authority co-location studies throughout the UK has been collated by the Local Air Quality Management Helpdesk. Combined bias adjustment factors have been calculated for each laboratory, year and preparation method combination for which data are available. The suggested bias correction factor for ESG Didcot, with tube preparation method of 50% TEA in acetone is 0.80 (from 28 studies). The local bias correction factors calculated were 0.8143 and 0.7488 for background and roadside sites respectively. As these are not considered to be significantly different to the national average factor, local bias correction factors have been used in preference to the national factors for correction of the diffusion tube data presented in this Air Quality Progress Report. Local bias correction factors have been used for Review and Assessment work at City of York Council since the year 2000.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 24 City of York Council

For the purpose of the main report nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube data is presented in the form of calendar year averages. Maps showing the location of all the diffusion tube monitoring sites referred to in this report were included in one of City of York Council’s previous Air Quality Progress reports (April 2008), available online at http://www.jorair.co.uk/index.php?page=reports . GIS files showing the exact location of all diffusion tube monitoring sites can be provided on request.

Details of all non-automatic monitoring sites (nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes), including grid references, are shown in Appendix 3.

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2.2 Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

2.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2)

Automatic Monitoring Data

Summary results from real time nitrogen dioxide monitoring sites are given in tables 2.4 and 2.5 below.

Table 2.4: Results of automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide: comparison with annual mean objective

Proportion of Annual mean concentrations ( µg/m 3) Within year with valid Site ID Location AQMA? data 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 % 460,022 Bootham No 97 24.16 25.02 23.36 18.99 452,777 460,746 Fishergate Yes 98 48.57 31.33 31.27 28.18* 451,038 459,512 Holgate Yes 97 32.30 33.80 33.06 38.00 451,282 Nunnery 460,068 Yes 83 37.26 37.45 33.22 32.50 Lane 451,199 460,147 Gillygate Yes 87 41.44 49.8 30.21 32.80 452,345 Lawrence 461,256 Yes 92 36.16 36.30 34.17 40.40 Street 451,340 Heworth 461,126 No 88 38.73 39.41 34.88 27.81 Green 452,602 Fulford 460,937 Yes 95 31.06 28.81 27.59 24.68 Road 449,464

* Data obtained from AURN website. Data from January to September 2013 has been ratified, data from October to December 2013 is provisional.

3 Exceedences of the 40µg/m annual mean NO 2 objective are highlighted in bold.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 City of York Council

Table 2.5: Results of automatic monitoring for nitrogen dioxide: comparison with 1- hour mean objective

Number of exceedences of hourly Data mean (200 µµµg/m 3) Within Capture If the period of valid data is less than 90% of a full Site ID Location AQMA? 2013 year, include the 99.8 th %ile of hourly means in % brackets. 2010 2011 2012 2013 460,022 Bootham No 97 0 0 0 0 452,777 460,746 Fishergate Yes 98 0 0 0 0 451,038 459,512 Holgate Yes 97 0 0 0 0 451,282 Nunnery 460,068 Yes 83 0 0 0 0 Lane 451,199 460,147 Gillygate Yes 87 0 (102.9) 19 0 0 452,345 Lawrence 461,256 Yes 92 0 0 0 0 Street 451,340 Heworth 461,126 No 88 0 (116.6) 1 0 0 Green 452,602 Fulford 460,937 Yes 95 0 0 0 0 Road 449,464

Table 2.5 above indicates that there were no breaches of the hourly mean nitrogen dioxide objective in 2013 at any of the real-time monitoring sites.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 City of York Council Trends in real time nitrogen dioxide concentrations Figure 2.2 shows annual average nitrogen dioxide results from real time monitoring stations inside the AQMA between 1999 and 2013.

Figure 2.2 : Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites inside the AQMA.

Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide fell at Fishergate, Nunnery Lane, Heworth Green and Fulford between 2012 and 2013.

Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide increased at Lawrence Street, Holgate Road and Gillygate between 2012 and 2013. The increase observed at Lawrence Street in 2013 meant that this site breached the annual mean objective for the first time since monitoring began in 2004.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 City of York Council

Figure 2.3 : Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Automatic Monitoring Sites outside the AQMA

Both continuous monitoring sites outside the Air Quality Management Area (Bootham and Heworth Green) exhibited reductions in annual average nitrogen dioxide concentrations between 2012 and 2013. This reduction was pronounced at Heworth Green (reduction of 7.1µg/m 3). Slightly smaller reductions were observed at the Bootham background monitoring site (4.4µg/m 3 reduction). Background concentrations at Bootham hospital in 2013 are the lowest on record since 1999; they were comparable to annual mean concentrations monitored in 2004 and 2005.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 City of York Council

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

Results from all nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube monitoring are shown in table 2.6 below. Exceedences of the annual average nitrogen dioxide objective are shown in bold. No diffusion tubes have an annual average greater than 60µg/m 3 (indicative of potential breaches of the hourly mean nitrogen dioxide objective).

LAQM Progress Report 2014 30 City of York Council

Table 2.6 Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes 2013 Bias adjustment for background sites (B) = 0.8143 Bias adjustment factor for roadside sites (R) = 0.7488 Full Calendar Triplicate 2013 Annual Year Data Site Site Within or Co- Mean Location Capture 2013 ID Type AQMA? located Concentration (Number of Tube (µg/m3) Months) A1 Bootham traffic light outside dance shop R IN - 11 51.6 A2 Drainpipe on front of registry office R IN - 10 35.4 A3 WRVS building -Bootham R IN - 12 30.5 A4 St Olaves Road B IN - 12 24.6 A5 Opposite Burton Stone Lane junction R IN - 12 35.0 A6 Clifton Bingo Hall R IN - 10 27.1 A7 51 Clifton R IN - 12 28.7 A9 Lime Tree House R IN - 12 33.8 A11 Traffic lights end of Water Lane R IN - 12 34.1 A12 Lampost 7 Clifton Green R IN - 12 30.7 A13 Clifton Dale B OUT T 12 20.8 A14 Clifton Dale B OUT T 12 21.8 A17 Salisbury Road R IN - 12 28.9 A19 17 Salisbury terrace R IN T 11 30.2 A20 224 Salisbury terrace R IN T 12 31.2 A21 Kingsland Terrace B OUT - 11 22.7 A22 Kingsland Terrace B OUT - 10 23.0 A23 Brunel Court B OUT - 12 20.5 A24 Aldborough Way B OUT - 9 22.5 A25 Garfield Terrace R OUT - 12 26.0 A27 Livingstone Street R IN - 11 21.0 A28 Trenchard Road -Boroughbridge Road B OUT - 12 18.4

LAQM Progress Report 2014 31 City of York Council A29 Low Poppleton Lane B OUT - 12 22.8 A30 Boroughbridge Road B OUT - 10 21.2 A31 Millgates B OUT - 12 17.7 A32 The Paddock B OUT - 12 19.7 A33 Wheatlands Ave B OUT - 9 19.9 See period to A36 Boroughbridge Road B OUT - 5 annual correction A38 Boroughbridge Road B OUT - 12 20.6 A39 Manor Drive North B OUT - 9 21.5 A40 Poppleton Road School B OUT - 11 25.6 A41 140 Poppleton Road R OUT - 12 22.3 A42 lampost 33 Poppleton Road R OUT - 12 33.5 A43 Poppleton Road R OUT - 11 22.2 A45 Grantham Drive B OUT - 12 19.8 A46 Chelwod Walk B OUT - 10 20.6 A47 St Swithens Walk B OUT - 11 19.0 A48 9 Poppleton Road R OUT - 12 25.4 A49 Poppleton Road R OUT - 12 25.7 A50 Outside Fox pub -Holgate Rd R IN - 12 30.6 A51 Thrall entrance B IN - 11 24.8 A52 Holgate Road (corner of Hamilton Dr East) R IN - 12 34.6 A53 Holgate Road R IN - 12 32.4 A55 Holgate Road R IN - 12 35.3 A56 Holgate Road B IN - 12 32.9 A57 Hairdressers Holgate Road R IN - 12 51.6 A59 Shipton Road B OUT - 11 25.1 A60 Shipton Road B OUT - 12 18.6 A62 42 Shipton Road B OUT - 11 16.4 A63 outside 36 Shipton Road R OUT - 12 26.2 A64 Lampost outside former Charlie Browns R IN - 12 35.6 A65 Entrance to Heathers R OUT - 12 21.3 A66 70 Shipton Road B OUT - 12 18.9

LAQM Progress Report 2014 32 City of York Council A69 6 South Cottages B OUT - 12 17.3 A70 120 Shipton Road B OUT - 12 21.7 A71 154 Shipton road B OUT - 12 16.0 A72 lampost 42 Roadside Shipton Road R OUT - 12 22.3 A73 Lampost outside 168/166 Shipton Road B OUT - 12 18.4 A74 176 Shipton Road B OUT - 11 17.3 A75 Lampost opposite Longwood Drive R OUT - 12 19.9 A76 Lampost 49 Shipton road R OUT - 12 28.7 A77 lampost outside 206 Shipton Road B OUT - 12 20.5 A78 Lampost 36 Shipton road R OUT - 11 26.5 A79 lampost outside 232/230 Shipton rd B OUT - 12 21.1 A80 lampost outside 256/254 Shipton Road B OUT - 11 21.5 A81 Lampost outside 276 Shipton Rd B OUT - 12 19.6 A83 lampost 56 Shipton Road -roadside R OUT - 12 26.1 A84 lampost 54 Shipton Road - roadside R OUT - 11 25.7 A85 Drainpipe front of Greenside guest house B OUT - 12 24.4 A86 Drainpipe of 160 Carr Lane (replaced A37) B OUT - 12 21.6 A87 Traffic light outside Bonners Guest house R IN - 12 34.6 A14a Lampost 1 Clifton Dale B OUT T 12 22.0 A88 111 Boroughbridge Road B OUT - 12 19.7 A90 Lampost 25 Shipton Rd R IN - 12 37.4 A91 Post 10 Livingstone Street. Opposite Post Office R IN - 12 27.6 A92 Entrance to Plantation Drive R OUT - 10 19.7 A93 Lampost C13 Shipton Road Opposite Dormouse Pub R OUT - 12 23.2 A94 5 Salisbury Road R OUT - 12 26.7 A95 Lampost outside Renshaw House R OUT - 11 22.5 A19a 17 Sailsbury terrace R IN T 12 28.3 A19b 17 Sailsbury terrace R IN T 12 28.7 A20a 224 Sailsbury terrace R IN T 12 32.4 A20b 224 Sailsbury terrace R IN T 12 30.7 A96 Ousecliffe Gardens signpost, outside 31 Water End R IN - 12 31.5

LAQM Progress Report 2014 33 City of York Council Lampost 1 Lowther Street opposite Riverside House B1 R IN - 11 30.4 Flats B2 Lampost 7 Huntington Road opposite Park Grove R IN - 10 24.9 B3 Lampost 11 Huntington Road outside no 70 R OUT - 10 24.1 B5 114 Huntington Road B OUT - 12 19.0 B8 Lampost 1 Byland Avenue R OUT - 11 20.0 Lampost 61 Huntington Road next to 300 Huntington B9 R OUT - 10 22.6 Road B10 Telegraph pole 858 end of Yearsley Grove B OUT - 11 19.0 B11 Lampost 1 Brandsby Road B OUT - 11 19.3 B12 Lampost 1 Brookfield Road B OUT - 12 20.8 B14 Lampost 1 Stratford Way B OUT - 12 19.9 B15 Lampost 99 Huntington Road R OUT - 10 20.2 B16 Lampost 114 Huntington Rd outside 572A R OUT - 12 20.5 B17 Lampost 109 outside house number 540 R OUT - 12 20.0 B18 lampost 1 North Moor Rd R OUT - 12 21.0 B19 Lampost 5 outside Huntington Primary School R OUT - 12 21.5 B21 Lampost 1 White Horse Close B OUT - 12 19.2 B24 Lampost 24 North Moor Road at end of Broome Close R OUT - 12 19.7 B29 Eastern Terrace R OUT - 12 24.3 B31 Lampost 1 corner of Heworth Green R OUT - 12 32.2 B32 Lampost 1 Elmfield Terrace B OUT - 11 19.4 B33 Lampost 26 Malton Road R OUT - 12 24.6 B34 Lampost 1 Elmfield Avenue B OUT - 12 24.5 B36 Lampost 60 Malton Road B OUT T 11 17.0 B37 Lampost 60 Malton Road - duplicate B OUT T 9 18.4 B38 482 Malton Road B OUT - 12 22.0 B39 Lampost 3 outside 7 Lawrence Street R IN - 12 40.0 B41 76 Lawrence Street B IN - 12 34.9 B42 83 Lawrence Street B IN - 12 26.7 B43 117 Lawrence Street B IN - 11 23.3

LAQM Progress Report 2014 34 City of York Council B44 Outside nursing home, Lawrence Street R IN - 9 33.0 Pedestrian crossing Traffic Light Melrosegate B45 R IN - 12 26.9 Crossroads B46 Millfield Avenue B IN - 11 25.9 B47 47 Hull Road B OUT - 12 19.0 B48 61 Hull Road B OUT - 11 22.7 B49 Lampost 16 Hull Road R OUT - 12 30.0 B50 134 Hull Road R OUT - 12 24.1 B51 117 Hull Road B OUT - 12 20.3 B53 Lilac Avenue B OUT - 11 23.1 See period to B54 Lampost 29 Hull Road R OUT - 7 annual correction B56 Lampost 40 Hull Road R OUT - 11 33.7 B58 231 Hull Road B OUT - 12 20.8 B59 Lampost 45 Hull Road R OUT - 10 31.2 B60 Lampost 1 Nursery Gardens B OUT - 10 20.7 See period to B61 Telegraph pole outside 279 Hull Road B OUT - 8 annual correction B63 Lampost 54 Tang Hall Lane R OUT - 11 32.2 B64 Lampost 62 Hull Road R OUT - 9 28.3 B66 Lampost 1 Yarborough Way B OUT - 11 18.8 B68 Telegraph pole 1 Hull Road outside 289 B OUT - 11 22.4 B70 Telegraph pole 97 outside 323 Hull Road B OUT - 10 23.0 B72 Front of York Cycleworks R IN - 12 47.4 B73 Lampost 46 opposite Waterside Gardens R OUT - 11 22.8 B37a Lampost 60 Malton Road B OUT T 9 17.7 B74 Heworth Court Hotel sign outside Sutherland House B OUT - 12 22.6 B75 Lampost 1 Villa Grove B OUT - 12 21.3 B78 Lampost 24 outside North East Guide Association. R OUT - 12 26.5 B79 Junction of New Lane Huntington & Malton Road. R OUT - 10 24.0 B80 On drainpipe on front of Heworth Surgery. B OUT - 12 17.9 B81 Lampost 1 Milson Grove B OUT - 12 20.1

LAQM Progress Report 2014 35 City of York Council B82 Lampost Dalguise Grove B OUT - 11 22.3 B83 Lampost 24 Outside No.55 Heworth Green R OUT - 12 27.9 B84 Drainpipe to the left of the front door on 167 Hull Road B OUT - 12 26.2 B85 Lampost 7 Outside St Lawrences Working Mans Club R IN - 11 33.1 B86 Lampost 16 Heworth Green, next to Air Quality Station R OUT - 12 25.9 B87 Lampost 71 Hull Road R OUT - 10 27.8 B88 Telegraph Pole 381 Hull Road R OUT - 12 31.8 C1 Chessingham Gardens B OUT - 12 27.4 C2 Lampost 66 Tesco roundabout R OUT - 11 33.1 C3 Old Moor Lane B OUT - 12 22.0 C4 147 Tadcaster Rd B OUT - 12 20.8 C5 Middlethorpe Grove B OUT - 12 22.7 C6 110 Tadcaster Road R OUT - 11 27.3 C7 Slingsby Grove R OUT - 12 29.2 C8 Cherry Lane B OUT - 11 22.0 C11 Opposite Marriott Hotel R OUT - 12 27.3 C12 Lampost 1 Ainsty Grove B OUT - 12 21.5 C15 Chalfonts B OUT - 12 21.4 C16 Pulleyn Dr B OUT - 12 20.7 C17 248 Tadcaster Rd B OUT - 12 21.6 C18 196 Mount Vale B IN - 11 29.3 C19 Trentholme Dr B IN - 10 21.3 C20 Elmbank hotel B IN - 12 23.4 C21 Dalton Terrace R IN - 12 28.2 C22 Park Street B IN - 11 28.6 C23 The Mount R IN - 10 38.5 C26 Outside Odeon R IN - 12 40.9 C27 Windmill Pub R IN - 12 49.1 C28 House top of Selby Rd B OUT - 12 17.9 C29 Lampost 34 Selby Road R OUT - 12 30.2 C30 Lampost 2 Selby Rd R OUT - 12 34.0

LAQM Progress Report 2014 36 City of York Council C31 2 Selby Rd B OUT - 10 21.0 C32 Fordlands Rd B OUT - 12 26.9 See period to C33 124 Main St B OUT - 8 annual correction C34 103 Main St R OUT - 12 26.6 C36 50 Main St R OUT - 12 26.9 C37 59 Main St B OUT - 11 26.2 C38 lampost 8 Main St R OUT - 12 30.7 C39 18 Main St R OUT - 12 31.5 C40 Adams House B&B B OUT - 10 21.8 C41 Lampost 42 Fulford Road R OUT - 12 23.9 C42 300 Fulford Rd B OUT - 12 23.8 C43 Lampost 39 Fulford Rd R OUT T 12 29.4 C44 Lampost 39 Fulford Rd R OUT T 12 29.6 C45 Derwent Rd B OUT - 12 22.3 C46 Fulford Cross B OUT - 11 21.9 C47 Telegraph pole 825 Maple Gr B OUT - 12 20.7 C49 Alma terrace B IN - 12 23.7 C51 Conservative Club R IN - 11 30.7 C52 Howard St R IN - 12 24.9 C53 Winterscale St R IN - 10 25.4 C54 Escrick St R IN - 11 29.3 See period to 46 St Georges Place R OUT - 8 annual correction C56 Junction of Scarcroft Road/The Mount R IN - 11 33.3 C43a Lampost 39 Fulford Road – Triplicate site R OUT T 12 29.2 C57 Lampost 1 Nelson's Lane B OUT - 12 27.2 C58 Drainpipe of 4 Main Street Fulford R OUT - 12 36.3 C59 Drainpipe of 34 Tadcaster Road R OUT - 11 30.9 C60 The Crescent B IN - 11 31.3 See period to C61 Opposite side of the road from Pocklington carpets R OUT - 7 annual correction

LAQM Progress Report 2014 37 City of York Council C62 East Mount Road, opposite side of road from old tube R IN - 11 28.6 D4 Lampost 11 Lord Mayor's Walk - opposite bike shop R IN - 11 28.3 D5 Lampost 1 - Ogleforth B OUT - 11 20.6 D6 Drainpipe of Margaret Phillipson Court, Aldwalk B OUT - 12 24.0 D7 Peasholme Green outside hostel R OUT - 11 29.7 D8 Lampost 2, The Stonebow - outside Jorvik café R OUT - 12 40.1 D9 Lampost 8, Lord Mayor's Walk outside no 34 R IN - 9 38.4 D10 Drainpipe of Daisy Taylors Card Shop, Kings Square B OUT - 12 20.9 D12 On signpost outside 26 Fossgate R IN - 12 22.1 D13 Lampost 4 Skeldergate, opposite City Mills R IN - 12 25.2 D14 Lampost 3 Barbican Road outside house no 7 R IN - 12 42.0 D16 Lampost 1 , Paragon St R IN - 12 40.0 D17 Piccadilly/ Merchantgate junction R IN - 12 31.8 D18 Lampost 6 Clifford St opposite Peckitt Street R IN - 10 27.8 D19 Bridge St/ Micklegate Junction R IN - 11 50.8 Low Ousegate / Clifford St junction, outside D20 R IN - 10 40.6 Waterstones No entry sign outside former Barrett’s Shoe Shop, St D21 B OUT - 9 22.8 Sampsons Sq D22 Outside Museum Gardens R IN - 10 33.4 D24 Priory St sign Micklegate R OUT - 12 31.9 See period to D25 Bus Stop E outside Royal York Hotel R IN - 8 annual correction D26 Lampost 14 Piccadilly (near Travelodge) R IN - 10 26.7 D27 Lampost 2 St Deny's Road - outside hotel R OUT - 11 23.9 D28 Lampost 4 Fawcett St R IN - 12 34.0 See period to D29 Lampost 5 inside grounds of Kent St Car Park R OUT - 4 annual correction D30 Lampost outside Barbican Centre R IN - 12 25.6 D31 Lampost 9 Barbican road outside house no.24 R IN - 10 33.0 D32 Lampost 3 Bishopgate Street R IN - 12 35.4 D33 Lampost 17 Nunnery Lane outside 81 R IN - 12 29.2

LAQM Progress Report 2014 38 City of York Council D34 Drainpipe of Edward VII pub - Nunnery Lane R IN - 10 40.8 D35 Drainpipe of house 22, Prices Lane R IN - 9 38.8 D36 Lampost 7 Bishopthorpe Road R IN - 12 34.5 D37 Lampost 3, Bishopthorpe Road, outside house 26 R IN - 11 30.9 D38 Lampost 2 Scarcroft Rd R IN - 12 25.0 D39 Lampost 1 Bishopthorpe Road R IN - 12 35.7 D40 Lampost 16 Nunnery Lane R IN - 12 30.0 6 Lampost top of Nunnery Lane Car Park R IN - 11 40.6 15 Lampost outside house nr Tyre Shop Foss Islands Rd R IN - 12 35.8 17 Drainpipe of house 18 Queen St R IN - 12 34.2 44 Lampost 8 Monkgate Cloisters R IN - 12 26.5 60 First lampost on Navigation Road R IN - 11 19.7 16 Prices Lane R IN - 12 35.9 D41 Drainpipe of 55 Lord Mayor's Walk R IN - 12 38.7 D43 Rougier Street Signpost 1 R IN - 11 45.0 D44 Museum Street R IN - 12 39.4 D45 Lampost 6 The Stonebow R IN - 12 28.9 D46 Drainpipe to right of door of 2 St Leonards Place R IN - 12 38.7 D47 Lampost 8 Jewbury R IN - 12 32.5 D48 Outside De Grey House R IN - 12 37.3 D49 Lampost 1 Fishergate R IN - 12 38.5 D50 Drainpipe side of Cardshop Coppergate R OUT - 12 42.8 2a Attached to Fishergate Monitoring station R IN T,C 12 29.7 2b Attached to Fishergate Monitoring station R IN T,C 12 29.4 2c Attached to Fishergate Monitoring station R IN T,C 11 31.2 3a Attached to Bootham Monitoring Station B OUT T,C 11 20.3 3b Attached to Bootham Monitoring Station B OUT T,C 10 18.9 3c Attached to Bootham Monitoring Station B OUT T,C 10 19.5 5 Lampost 15 Forge Close, Jockey Lane R OUT - 12 17.0 7 Gillygate opposite Portland Street R IN - 12 48.4 8 Portland Street B OUT T 12 20.9

LAQM Progress Report 2014 39 City of York Council 9 Portland Street B OUT T 12 21.6 9a Portland Street B OUT T 12 21.1 10 Lincoln Street B OUT - 12 20.3 11 Holly bank B OUT - 12 21.8 13 Papillion hotel -Gillygate R IN - 10 46.5 14 Gillygate Surgery R IN - 11 50.7 18 Lamp-post 4 Haxby Road R IN - 12 31.8 19 Lamp-post 1 Feversham Crescent B OUT - 10 20.4 23 Heworth Rd/East Parade junction R OUT - 12 27.8 24 Top Lane, Copmanthorpe R OUT - 12 24.2 25 Heworth Road - Lampost 6 R OUT - 12 27.9 26 Haleys Terrace R OUT - 12 25.9 27 Blenheim Court B OUT - 12 22.4 29 Intake Ave/Lucas Ave B OUT - 11 23.3 32 St Helen's Road, Dringhouses R OUT - 11 22.3 33 Haxby Road (nr Whitecross Rd) R OUT - 11 24.2 35 Carr Lane R OUT - 11 25.6 37 Jarvis Abbey Park R IN - 12 34.5 40 Leeman Road R IN - 12 25.5 45 Clarence St R IN - 11 32.9 47 Strensall Road R OUT - 12 28.2 50 BLANK - - - - - 51 Wigginton Road R OUT - 12 21.5 57 Heslington Main Street R OUT - 11 16.7 59 Jamieson Terrace B OUT - 12 17.4 63 Lampost 2 Rawcliffe Lane, junction with Brompton Rd R OUT - 12 21.2 68 Lampost 3, Water Lane R IN - 12 26.2 69 Lampost 14, Acomb road R OUT - 11 24.7 70 Outside house no.65 Wetherby Road R OUT - 12 21.7 71 Lampost 27 Bishopthorpe Road nr Balmoral Terrace R OUT - 12 19.3 77 Lampost 2 Low Mill Close - off Field Lane B OUT - 11 19.6

LAQM Progress Report 2014 40 City of York Council 78 Gillygate air pollution station R IN T,C 12 30.4 79 Gillygate air pollution station R IN T,C 11 31.2 80 Gillygate air pollution station R IN T,C 11 31.1 81 Drainpipe 27 Melrosegate B OUT - 10 17.9 82 Lampost 34 Fifth Ave junction with Melrosegate B OUT - 11 21.8 83 Drainpipe 6 Stockton Lane - nr Heworth Rd roundabout B OUT - 12 22.3 84 Lampost 14 Outside 112 Heslington Lane R OUT - 11 20.5 Lampost 2 Hillary Garth off Renshaw Gardens, off 85 B OUT - 11 18.1 Poppleton Road B25 First lampost on Abbots Gait B OUT - 11 20.1 Lampost 142 Top of Hull Road Near Grimston Bar 87 R OUT - 9 20.7 Roundabout 88 Lampost 1 Yew Tree Mews Osbaldwick Village B OUT - 12 15.7 89 Lampost 1 Cairnborrow off Moor Lane B OUT - 12 18.8 Lampost Opposite Montaque Street on Cambleshon 90 R OUT - 12 17.3 Road See period to 91 Lampost 12 Layerthorpe, opposite flats R OUT - 4 annual correction 94 Lampost Church Close, Askham Bryan B OUT - 9 13.9 95a Fulford air pollution station R OUT T,C 11 26.2 95b Fulford air pollution station R OUT T,C 12 24.4 95c Fulford air pollution station R OUT T,C 12 25.0 96 Heslington Lane R OUT - 9 24.2 97 Rufforth Playing Fields B OUT - 11 14.6 98 Rufforth Village R OUT - 11 16.3 100 House Near A59 Ringroad Roundabout R OUT - 12 20.4 101 Wiggington Road near the ringroad roundabout R OUT - 12 32.6 Signpost between houses 252 & 254 on Salisbury 102 R IN T 12 36.0 Terrace Signpost between houses 252 & 254 on Salisbury 103 R IN T 12 34.1 Terrace 104 Signpost between houses 252 & 254 on Salisbury R IN T 12 36.1

LAQM Progress Report 2014 41 City of York Council Terrace 105 Drainpipe outside 20 Toft Green (Motorbike shop) R OUT - 10 23.1 See period to 106 Signpost corner of 21 Salisbury Terrace R IN - 7 annual correction 107 Inbetween corner shop & betting office R IN - 9 18.8 On signpost opposite side of road from 200 Salisbury 108 R IN - 11 22.9 Terrace See period to 109 Signpost outside 16 Rougier Street R IN - 7 annual correction Signpost inbetween Club Salvation & 31 George 110 R IN - 11 48.6 Hudson Street Lampost at side of Cedar Court opposite entrance to 111 R OUT - 11 28.1 Multistorey Car Park on Tanner Row Lampost outside St Gregorys Mews, opposite Council 112 R OUT - 10 24.5 HQ Toft Green 113 Lampost opposite Tru Nightclub Toft Green R OUT - 12 24.4 114 Bus Stop outside Society bar/cafe Rougier Street R IN - 12 40.0 115 Inside Bus Stop opposite side of road from tube 114 R IN - 11 38.5 116 111 Poppleton Road, drainpipe to the right of the door R OUT - 12 29.1 Telegraph Pole at entrance to Knapton Lane off 117 R OUT - 12 17.2 Beckfield Lane 118 Clifton Green Lampost 3 R IN - 12 22.4 120 Maple Grove Lampost 1 R OUT - 10 20.8 121 Telegraph Pole outside 52 Heath Moor Drive R OUT - 12 14.3 See period to 122 Telegraph Pole Outside 88 Station Road Poppleton R OUT - 5 annual correction 123 Burton Stone Lane Lampost 13 Outside no.138 R OUT - 12 21.4 125 Osbaldwick Derwenthorpe R OUT - 11 17.1 See period to 126 Bridge Osbaldwick R OUT - 3 annual correction

LAQM Progress Report 2014 42 City of York Council

Period to annual correction for diffusion tubes with less than 9 months data in 2013

LAQM.TG(09) states that for assessment against the annual mean objective for NO 2 it is possible to use data from a shorter period of monitoring, for example, six months consecutive sampling (including three months winter and three months summer), preferably with monitoring commencing in January or July. The guidance note states that a minimum period of three months should always be used. The adjustment is based on the fact that patterns in pollutant concentrations usually affect a wide region. Thus if a six month period is above average at one place, it will almost certainly be above average at other locations in the region.

The period to annual adjustment methodology (described in LAQM.TG(09) Box 3.2) has been used to correct short term diffusion tube data sets where between 3 and 8 months data is available (N.B. it is considered valid to report annual mean concentrations from sites with more than 8 months data available).

In line with LAQM.TG(09), three background monitoring sites within a 50 mile radius of York have been used for the period to annual adjustment, namely, York Bootham, High Muffles and Barnsley Gawber. Period means for each of these sites and for each of the respective diffusion tube exposure periods have been calculated and this has been used to calculate an average ratio with which to adjust the diffusion tube result to give an indication of the annual mean. The predicted annual mean result has then been bias corrected using 2013 roadside or background bias correction factor, as appropriate.

It should be noted that whilst tubes with as little as 3 months data capture have been adjusted to estimate the annual mean, any tube for which less than 6 months data is available should be interpreted with caution. Results are shown in table 2.7 below.

Information / abbreviations used in Table 2.7. Pm Period Mean Am Annual mean Site 1 High Muffles background continuous monitoring site

LAQM Progress Report 2014 City of York Council

Site 2 Bootham background continuous monitoring site Site 3 Barnsley Gawber background continuous monitoring site

3 Site 1 - 2013 Annual Mean (Am) NO 2 = 5.36 µg/m 3 Site 2 - 2013 Annual Mean (Am) NO 2 = 18.99 µg/m 3 Site 3 - 2013 Annual Mean (Am) NO 2 = 21.34 µg/m

LAQM Progress Report 2014 City of York Council Table 2.7 : Estimation of bias-corrected annual mean diffusion tube concentrations from short-term monitoring data

Estimate No. of Tube Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Estimate of Bias of Bias Site Within months Average Site Pm Pm Pm Pm Ratio Ratio Ratio Tube Am Correction corrected Type AQMA tube data 3 3 3 3 Ratio 3 (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (µg/m ) (Am/Pm) (Am/Pm) (Am/Pm) (µg/m ) Factor Tube Am used 3 (µg/m ) A36 B OUT 5 21.25 3.99 13.18 19.43 1.34 1.44 1.10 1.29 27.50 0.8143 22.40 B54 R OUT 7 46.73 5.9 23.8 23.14 0.91 0.80 0.92 0.88 40.95 0.7488 30.67 B61 B OUT 8 30.88 5.9 23.8 23.14 0.91 0.80 0.92 0.88 27.06 0.8143 22.04 C33 B OUT 8 23.76 6.4 21.44 22.06 0.84 0.89 0.97 0.90 21.31 0.8143 17.36

46 R OUT 8 28.76 6.41 21.6 22.1 0.84 0.88 0.97 0.89 25.71 0.7488 19.25

C61 R OUT 7 39.31 3.82 13.28 19.61 1.40 1.43 1.09 1.31 51.39 0.7488 38.48

D25 R IN 8 52.63 4.62 16.61 20.89 1.16 1.14 1.02 1.11 58.35 0.7488 43.69 D29 R OUT 4 Three months consecutive data not available for correction 0.7488 - 91 R OUT 4 Three months consecutive data not available for correction 0.7488 -

106 R IN 7 31.93 4.17 14.14 18.25 1.29 1.34 1.17 1.27 40.43 0.7488 30.27

109 R IN 7 69.00 7.04 23.83 23.17 0.76 0.80 0.92 0.83 57.03 0.7488 42.70 122 R OUT 5 Three months consecutive data not available for correction 0.7488 - 124 R OUT 0 Three months consecutive data not available for correction 0.7488 -

126 R OUT 3 26.61 6.2 23.65 21.89 0.87 0.80 0.97 0.88 23.44 0.7488 17.55

LAQM Progress Report 2014 45 City of York Council

Observations from Table

Based on the results of the period to annual adjustment shown in Table 2.7, potential exceedences of the annual average nitrogen dioxide have been observed at tube locations D25 and 109. Elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (but less than the annual mean objective) have been observed at tube location C61. Commentary on each of these locations is provided below:

• D25 – This tube is located on a bus stop outside Royal York Hotel and is already included in the AQMA boundary. No further action is necessary.

• 109 – This tube is located on a signpost outside 16 Rougier Street and is already included within the AQMA boundary. No further action is necessary.

• C61 – This tube is located on a lampost on Tadcaster Road, near the junction with St Helen’s Road. This tube is outside the existing AQMA boundary and has historically shown elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide. Due to the low data capture observed at this site over the last 3 years, the Environmental Protection Unit now moved this site directly back onto a property facade in the same area. As the site is now located in a relevant location with respect to the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective, any breaches of the 40 µg/m 3 objective level in future years will require further investigation and this area of Tadcaster Road may need bringing within the AQMA boundary. A further update on this monitoring location will be provided in the next Update and Screening Assessment due April 2015.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 46 City of York Council

Trends in nitrogen dioxide concentrations recorded by diffusion tubes

For the purpose of monitoring the impact of York’s Local Transport Plan (LTP) a local air quality indicator has been established. This indicator measures the mean of 40 annual average results obtained from 40 diffusion tubes located within York’s city centre AQMA. Figure 2.4 shows the results for this indicator for the period 2002 to 2013. As can be seen from the figure, nitrogen dioxide concentrations across the city were in general decline between 2002 and 2005. Between 2006 and 2010, levels across the city centre AQMA rose, but in more recent years there is emerging evidence of a steady improvement within the AQMA. Levels of nitrogen dioxide across the 40 sites used for the indicator fell from 40µg/m 3 in 2012 to 34µg/m 3 in 2013.

Figure 2.4: Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites (Local Transport Plan – AQ Indicator)

LAQM Progress Report 2014 47 City of York Council

2.2.2 Particulate Matter (PM 10 )

City of York Council undertakes PM 10 monitoring at four locations as follows:

• The Bootham site is located in the grounds of a hospital on a playing field. It

is a relevant location for both the long term and short term objectives. PM 10 is monitored at this site using a TEOM-FDMS. Since this site has been affiliated

into the AURN, a PM 2.5 TEOM-FDMS has also been installed at this site.

• The Holgate Road site is in a roadside location approximately 12m away from the nearest residential properties. The residential properties are located at a similar distance from the road as the Holgate Road monitoring site so experience similar levels of pollution. On this basis the Holgate Road monitoring site is considered to be a relevant location for the purpose of both

the long term and short term objectives. PM 10 is monitored at this site using a TEOM-FDMS.

• The Fishergate monitoring site is located on a large traffic island in the middle of a road directly outside a primary school. The Fishergate monitoring site is considered to be a relevant location for the purpose of the long term objective, although it is recognised that concentrations at the school façade may be

slightly lower than those measured. PM 10 is monitored at this site using a

TEOM-FDMS. Since this site has been affiliated into the AURN, a PM 2.5 TEOM-FDMS has also been installed at this site.

• The Plantation Drive site is located in a residential area. It is of a similar distance from the main road as some residential properties in the area and is therefore considered to be representative of the highest concentrations likely

to be experienced by residents in this area. PM 10 is monitored at this site using a TEOM.

Tables 2.8 and 2.9 show the results of PM 10 monitoring undertaken between 2008 and 2013.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 48 City of York Council

Table 2.8 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM 10 : Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

3 Valid Data Confirm Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) Valid Data Within Capture for Gravimetric Site ID Site Type Capture AQMA? Monitoring Equivalent 2013 % Period % (Y or N/A) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Bootham Background No 91% 91% Y 15.18 16.50 16.74 17.92 12.05 11.71

Fishergate Roadside Yes 88% 88% Y 20.04 18.92 22.81 * 18.32 19.22

Holgate Roadside Yes 60% 60% Y 17.03 17.72 21.1 23.5 20.95 23.80 Road

Plantation Roadside No 91% 91% Y 16.75 19.11 ** 20.65 18.83 18.05 Drive

Note on Bootham 2013 figure – average based on Jan – Sept (ratified), Oct – Dec (provisional) Note on Fishergate 2013 figure – average based on Jan – Sept (ratified), Oct – Dec (provisional) ** Due to equipment malfunction, only 52% data capture was achieved at Plantation Drive during 2010. Unfortunately data was collected sporadically throughout the year and 3 months continuous data capture was not achieved. It is not considered that an accurate estimation of the annual average can be calculated at Plantation Drive for 2010 based on this data capture.

* Only 42.2% data capture was achieved at Fishergate during 2011. This was due to the timescales required by the AURN to upgrade the site.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 49 City of York Council

Figure 2.5 Trends in Annual Mean PM 10 Concentrations

LAQM Progress Report 2014 50 City of York Council

Table 2.9 Results of Automatic Monitoring for PM 10 : Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective

Valid Data Valid Confirm Number of Daily Means > 50µg/m 3 Within Capture for Data Gravimetric Site ID Site Type AQMA? Monitoring Capture Equivalent Period % 2013 % (Y or N/A) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

1 3 8 Bootham Background No 91% 91% Y 2 3 3 (26.78) (29.05) (35.49)

3 4 2 4 Fishergate Roadside Yes 88% 88% Y 9 8 (29.78) (34.25) (35.67) (32.17)

Holgate 6 0 10 Roadside Yes 60% 60% Y 5 24 14 Road (31.6) (30.1) (39.12)

Plantation 4 Roadside No 91% 91% Y 6 - 12 4 4 Drive (30.2)

Note on Bootham 2013 figure – number of breaches based on Jan – Sept (ratified), Oct – Dec (provisional) Note on Fishergate 2013 figure – number of breaches based on Jan – Sept (ratified), Oct – Dec (provisional) Where the period of valid data is less than 90% of a full year, the 90.4th percentile is included in brackets after the number of exceedences.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 51 City of York Council

2.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2)

City of York Council does not undertake any sulphur dioxide monitoring in the city.

2.2.4 Benzene (C 6H6)

In the First Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York the results of a benzene diffusion tube monitoring survey undertaken in 1997 were reported. These results indicated that in general benzene levels in the city were already well below the 16.25 µg/m 3 objective level.

In February 2008 the AURN commenced a non-automatic hydrocarbon monitoring programme at the Fishergate monitoring site (using pumped tube samplers). This was extended to Bootham background site at the end of 2012. Results of Benzene monitoring in York are shown in table 2.10 below.

Table 2.10 Results of Benzene Mmonitoring in York

Fishergate Annual Bootham Annual Year Mean (µg/m 3) Mean (µg/m 3) 2008 0.80 - 2009 0.90 - 2010 0.90 - 2011 0.70 - 2012 0.89 - 2013 0.89* 0.66*

* Provisional data for 2013 currently available from AURN for period 27/12/12 to 10/7/13 only

As can be seen from the table above, all historical Benzene monitoring at the Fishergate and Bootham sites has indicated that concentrations of Benzene are well below the annual objective for this pollutant. It is proposed to continue monitoring at this site as part of the AURN non-automatic hydrocarbon monitoring network.

2.2.5 Other Pollutants Monitored

City of York Council undertakes real time monitoring of Ozone (O 3) at the Dunnington air pollution station. Dunnington is a sub-urban background site is located towards

LAQM Progress Report 2014 52 City of York Council the east of York within an old Yorkshire Water pumping station.

Full information about the Dunnington air pollution station location, data management procedures and other QA/QC procedures for the real time air pollution stations have been previously documented as part of the Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York.

Results of the ozone monitoring undertaken at Dunnington are given in table 2.11 below.

Table 2.11: Ozone monitoring at Dunnington

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Annual Average 27.8 18.71 23.17 22.65 20.95 23.72 (ppb) Maximum Hourly 93.0 62.4 72.54 77.2 67.24 61.26 Average (ppb) % Data 99.7 99.6 95.7 86.1 99.3 99.5 Capture

The Dunnington air pollution station closed at the end of 2013 as a budget saving measure.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 53 City of York Council

2.2.6 Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

City of York Council has examined the results from monitoring in the local authority area.

Exceedences of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective were still observed across the existing city centre Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) during 2013.

Whilst annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide are currently below objective levels in the Fulford and Salisbury Terrace AQMAs, elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (above 36µg/m 3) were observed during 2013. The existing AQMA boundaries are still considered accurate but it may be considered appropriate to review the boundaries of these AQMAs in 2015 if the objectives continue to be met in these two areas.

Concentrations outside of the AQMA are all below the objectives at relevant locations, therefore there is no need to proceed to a Detailed Assessment for any pollutant. One nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube (tube C61) has been moved to a relevant location in an area of Tadcaster Road where breaches of the annual mean nitrogen dioxide have been monitored at a roadside location. This tube has now been moved back from the roadside so it is level with the facade of residential properties in the area. The results of this tube will next be reported in City of York Council’s Update and Screening Report, due April 2015.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 54 City of York Council

3 New Local Developments 3.1 Road Traffic Sources

Lendal Bridge Trial A recent traffic restriction trial between 27 th August 2013 and 26 th Feb 2014 aimed to reduce daytime traffic across Lendal Bridge as part of a wider long-term vision to address city centre congestion and improve the reliability of public transport. During the trial, Lendal Bridge was open between 10.30am - 5pm to pedestrians, cyclists, buses, taxis, and emergency vehicles only.

The aim of the trial was to test the way the transport network would operate during the restricted hours; new road signs warned drivers of the changes as they approached the bridge and automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras enforced the new traffic measure during the trial period.

Whilst there have been no new roads constructed in York since the last Update and Screening Assessment, the recent trial has affected the way that traffic has moved around the city centre over the last 6 months. Whilst baseline (pre-trial) air quality data exists for many of the areas around the inner ring road, the air quality impact of the bridge closure will be difficult to quantify precisely, as air quality is heavily influenced by prevailing weather conditions and shows considerable seasonal variation. Consequently, it will only be possible to draw limited conclusions from any road-side measured results and for the purposes of the trial evaluation an assessment is currently being made using computer modelling of changes in emissions resultant from changes in vehicle flow on the highway network. As this work has not yet been completed it will be reported in the next Update and Screening Assessment due for submission to DEFRA in April 2015.

3.2 Other Transport Sources

City of York Council confirms that there are no other transport sources that have not been adequately assessed in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 55 City of York Council 3.3 Industrial Sources

City of York Council confirms that there are no new industrial sources that have not been adequately assessed in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

3.4 Commercial and Domestic Sources

3.4.1 Biomass Combustion – Individual Installations

Biomass burning can lead to an increase in PM 10 emissions, due to the process of combustion – aerosol formation from volatile materials distilled from the wood can also be an issue. Compared to conventional gas burning, biomass burning can also result in an increase in the overall NO x emission due to the fuel-derived portion that is not present in gas combustion.

Since the last Air Quality Progress Report (April 2013), City of York Council is only aware of one additional biomass boiler proposed for the city. A biomass heating solution has been proposed as part of the change of use of the existing B&Q superstore on Hull Road to a new Sainsbury’s supermarket. The Environmental Protection Unit has provided pre-application comments on this proposal and comprehensively outlined the scope of the assessment required to assess any air quality impacts from the biomass boiler.

3.4.2 Biomass Combustion – combined impacts City of York Council has previously assessed the combined impacts of biomass combustion plant, and concluded that it will not be necessary to proceed to a Detailed Assessment.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 56 City of York Council 3.5 New Developments with Fugitive or Uncontrolled Sources

City of York Council confirms that there are no new developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources that have not been adequately assessed in previous rounds of Review and Assessment.

City of York Council confirms that there are no new or newly identified local developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority area.

City of York Council confirms that all the following have been considered: • Road traffic sources • Other transport sources • Industrial sources • Commercial and domestic sources • New developments with fugitive or uncontrolled sources.

An update on the Lendal Bridge Trial will be provide in City of York Council’s Update and Screening Report, due April 2015.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 57 City of York Council

4 Local / Regional Air Quality Strategy 4.1 City of York Council’s Low Emission Strategy

Despite good progress with delivery of York’s AQAPs there remain a significant number of locations in the city where the annual average objective for nitrogen dioxide is being breached. More recently, likely breaches of the hourly objective for nitrogen dioxide have also been identified.

A number of possible reasons for the continued decline in air quality have been identified. These include:

• An increase in the number of diesel vehicles within the general vehicle fleet

• Higher proportions of primary NO 2 emissions from newer diesel vehicles • An increase in off peak traffic flows in the city (peak spreading) • An increase in relatively cheap privately owned car parking facilities close to the city centre • A reduced cost differential between some council owned car parks and bus fares

To address this continued decline in air quality, CYC has developed an overarching Low Emission Strategy (LES) for the city. The LES builds upon the existing modal shift approach to air quality improvement by introducing new measures to tackle emissions from the remaining vehicle fleet. This include measures to reduce emissions from heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), buses and taxis which can not be dealt with effectively through modal shift alone.

On the 3rd April 2012 the York Cabinet approved a public consultation draft of the overarching LES for York. A public consultation exercise on this document ran between 23rd April 2012 and 18th May 2012, and the LES was formally adopted as council policy on 9 th October 2012. The final Low Emission Strategy is available for download from http://www.jorair.co.uk/index.php?page=reports .

LAQM Progress Report 2014 58 City of York Council 4.2 Progress with Low Emission Strategy Measures

Good progress has been made throughout 2013 with continued delivery of the Low Emission Strategy measures. A brief overview of some of the measures is provided below, split into those aimed at tackling emissions from private vehicles, buses/coaches/HGVs, and council fleet vehicles respectively.

4.2.1 Tackling emissions from private vehicles

• Installation of publically accessible electric vehicle recharging points across city centre CYC car parks and Park and Ride sites. These points will provide easy access Pay-As-You-Go recharging facilities for electric vehicles owned by residents and visitors to the city.

• Delivery of 12 electric vehicle recharging points in hotel and leisure facilities through a partnership with the charity ‘Zero Carbon World’ (http://www.zerocarbonworld.org ).

• A bid for 75% match funding of rapid chargers for electric vehicles was made to OLEV (Office of Low Emission Vehicles). This funding will provide fast charging at key access points around York supporting the transition to electric buses, taxis and private cars. This is part of a wider Yorkshire rapid charger strategy which is led by City of York Council. York has been successful in obtaining £232,500 funding (CYC contribution £40k) towards 7 rapid chargers across the city. The first of these was installed at Monks Cross Park and Ride site in March 2014 and is the first Local Authority delivered rapid charger in Yorkshire

• CYC organised an electric car show at York Designer Outlet in April 2013 to showcase the latest electric car technology. The event received extensive TV, press and regional media coverage and attracted people from all over the UK. A short video of the day can be found here: http://www.itv.com/news/calendar/update/2013-04-10/plans-for-pay-as-you-go- electric-car-charging-points-in-york/

LAQM Progress Report 2014 59 City of York Council

• Provision of low emission vehicles in city centre car clubs and use of these vehicles by council staff. A current list of locations and car club vehicles operating in York can be found: http://www.citycarclub.co.uk/locations/york-car- hire . A number of low emission vehicles now operate as part of the York car club including the Toyota Prius, Toyota Yaris hybrid and Fiat 500 Twin Air.

4.2.2 Tackling emission from buses, coaches and HGVs

• A business event was held at the Mansion House in February 2013 to promote alternative fuels and cleaner vehicle technology. The ECO-Stars Scheme was also officially launched at this event.

• City of York Council commissioned an ECO Stars Scheme in November 2012, to help to reduce vehicle emissions, encourage the wider uptake of alternatively fuelled vehicles and raise public awareness about low emission vehicles. ECO Stars provides recognition and guidance on environmental and operational best practice to organisations that operate fleets of vehicles. The scheme has initially been aimed at buses, coaches, Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) and the CYC fleet, and may be expanded later to include taxis and other large fleets. Since November 2012, the scheme has been successfully rolled out to 30 organisations including the City of York Council fleet. Further information on current members can be found here: http://www.york.gov.uk/directory/36/eco_stars_members_directory

• CYC has completed a Low Emission Zone Feasibility Study, an electric bus feasibility study and submitted a number of Green Bus Fund (GBF) applications. CYC and its bus operator partners, First Group and Transdev, were awarded nine electric buses in May 2013 (part funded by a £825k grant from central government). Six of the new buses will be used on the city’s Park and Ride network, while the others will be used to service the University of York and the new Derwenthorpe housing development. Together the nine electric buses will save more than 4,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions over their lifespan. The new electric buses will enter service during Spring 2014. A further announcement of an additional six electric buses was made in October 2013 (part funded by a

LAQM Progress Report 2014 60 City of York Council

£566k grant from central government). The buses will also be used on the Park and Ride network. The Council aims to convert 80% of bus traffic in York to electricity with zero emissions of local air pollution by 2017. The most frequent buses through York run short journeys which are ideal for current electric bus technology.

• A CNG refuelling feasibility study has been commissioned and will explore possible links to a freight transhipment centre. A freight transhipment centre aims to reduce the number of large delivery vehicles entering the city by providing a facility, on the edge of the city (but close to the strategic road network) where goods can be consolidated for onwards dispatch in smaller electric / low emission vehicles.

• Completion of an Anti-Idling Vehicle Strategy feasibility study. The study has helped CYC understand the levels of vehicle idling in the city and its contribution to local air pollution. The study examined the potential benefits (and constraints) of introducing policies to support truck, bus and coach operators reduce idling from their vehicle fleet and reduce fuel consumption, vehicle wear, emissions and noise. The initial focus was on heavy duty vehicles (bus, coach, truck), but this may widen in the future to include lighter vehicles (such as car and taxi). The study reviewed idling frequency in key areas in the city centre and along selected bus routes, including service 7 (First Red Line, Designer Outlet P&R) and 26 (Fulford to city centre) that pass through Fulford. The use of anti-idling signage in key locations within the city was investigated as was the potential for applying anti-idling policies to different vehicle classes.

4.2.3 Council Fleet and other work

• Completion of a successful bid for £15,000 funding under the Energy Saving Trust’s ‘Plugged-in Fleet’ initiative for analysis of electric vehicles suitability within the CYC fleet (report received from EST in February 2013). The report identified that electric vehicles were cheaper to run as well as being better for the environment and would fit CYC usage patterns. Procurement of further electric

LAQM Progress Report 2014 61 City of York Council

vehicles for the CYC fleet is currently being progressed by the Fleet/Travel team.

• Since March 2013 the environmental protection unit has leased a Nissan Leaf electric car for use as a business demonstrator and for promotion of the Low Emission Strategy. EPU has also arranged trials of several zero emission vehicles including cars, vans and an electric road sweeper. The Nissan Leaf is proving to be our most popular pool car with very low running costs. Whilst mostly used for short/medium length trips in York, the Leaf has recently been driven to London and back for free using the rapid chargers installed on the M1 corridor. The air quality savings are also significant compared to the other diesel pool cars.

• EPU has produced an Air Quality Policy as part of the Local Plan and is progressing an LES supplementary planning note to ensure new developments incorporate low emission strategy principles and mitigate their emissions. This will include consideration of the potential for developer contributions to fund wider low emission infrastructure, such as alternatively fuelled buses and refuse trucks.

• Staff in EPU have supported the I-Travel York marketing campaign. The I-Travel York website has been used to promote electric vehicle campaigns and hosts the location of electric vehicle charging points.

• EPU have provided advice to CYC licensing unit on emission standards for taxis and have developed an incentive package for the purchase of hybrid electric taxis. An electric/hybrid discount scheme was established for taxis in October 2012, offering grant funding against the cost of a new or used hybrid or electric taxi. Thirteen taxis have so far taken up the incentive and are in use on the streets of York. Twelve traded in older diesel vehicles for modern hybrid and electric vehicles. York’s first electric taxi (operated by Streamline Taxis) was enabled through this scheme in March 2014. EPU have also co-supervised two University of York honours projects investigating the emissions impact of electrifying different proportions of the existing taxi fleet and the effect of the “dieselisation” of the private car fleet.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 62 City of York Council

• A bid was submitted to the new Clean Bus Technology Fund from DfT (Department for Transport) which is grant funding for innovative projects to retrofit

existing service buses with NO x abatement technology. Two local operators are participating and supporting with their own match funding, including the UK’s first electric double-decker bus retro-fitting project. Whilst this bid did not receive initial support, DfT have now agreed to offer funding for the electric bus retrofit project, which will convert a Euro 2 double-decker bus to zero emission.

• CYC have been awarded the Energy Saving Trust’s ‘Fleet Hero’ award for

reducing annual business travel mileage by 20%, CO 2 emissions by 23% and number of vehicles used by 21% from last year. We have achieved this by introducing a comprehensive suite of green fleet measures. Employees can no longer drive and park in the car parks at work. Pool cars are offered from a mix of Enterprise, City Car Club and dedicated owned or leased vehicles. These are procured on a low emission vehicle basis including hybrids. Mileage monitoring and management has improved. We have also introduced an electric vehicle into our fleet as recommended by the Plugged-in Fleets initiative and are procuring an additional 5 electric pool cars which will be charged by a solar PV array at the Eco-depot.

Further information and progress on a number of the York LES measures is being disseminated via the Low Emission Hub (www.lowemissionhub.org ). This hub been developed by the Low Emission Partnership as a free national information resource for low emission policies, plans and measures.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 63 City of York Council

5 Planning Applications

The land-use planning system is recognised to play an integral part in improving air quality. This requires close co-operation between planners and environmental health officers. The tables below highlight both approved planning applications (for which air quality assessment has been submitted) and a list of major developments currently under consideration that might affect air quality (based on applications for which an air quality assessment is expected/ has been requested).

5.1 Approved Planning Applications

Table 5.1 provides a list of those planning applications that have been approved since the last Air Quality Progress Report.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 64 City of York Council

Table 5.1: Planning applications approved since the last Progress Report

Planning Description Type Comments Reference Sessions of York, Huntington Road, Whilst the proposed development is outside the Air York, YO31 9HS. Erection of 59 Quality Management Area (AQMA), the plans 13/02724/FULM dwellings with associated works Full Application include proposals for detached garage space and following demolition of existing thus the provision of electric vehicle recharging buildings. points has been recommended. It was recommended that a ventilation strategy, 105-109 Nunnery Lane, York together with non-opening windows to the Nunnery 13/00791/FULM Conversion of existing public house Full Application Lane facade should form the basis of a planning into 3no. dwellings condition on any approval. Great Outdoors, Stirling Road, York, It was recommended that a number of electric YO30 4XY, Change of use from non vehicle recharge points should be installed as part 13/01670/FULM food retail (use class A1) to a Full Application of the development to promote the uptake of low commercial gym (use class D2) and emission vehicles. alterations to existing car park Yorkshire Evening Press 76 - 86 Walmgate, York It was recommended that a number of electric Provision of student accommodation vehicle recharge point should be installed as part 13/01916/FULM Full Application (648 student rooms and management of the development to promote the uptake of low facilities) and erection of a 3 storey emission vehicles. office building 13/00846/FUL EPU recommended that a ventilation strategy and (and the related Financial Systems & Consultancy non opening windows should form the basis of a Full Application application Furb, 75 The Mount, York, YO24 1AX planning condition on any approval. Planning 13/00847/LBC) officers decided against this condition.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 65 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference Former Wickes Site, 1 Stirling Road, Clifton Moor, York, Erection of retail A planning condition has been placed on the building comprising 5 units with 13/00361/FULM Full Application approval for recharging facilities for 6 electric associated car parking, recycling vehicles facilities and landscaping following demolition of existing retail unit

The traffic assessment submitted in support of the application states that the majority of generated trips will be made up of those either already visiting the sites (for use of the existing petrol station), or Wills And Ellis Garage, Boroughbridge will be passing by the site on pre-existing journeys 13/02439/OUT Road, York, YO26 6QD. Application Outline Application and will divert into the site before recommencing for drive through restaurant their journey. Significant additional traffic movements are therefore not expected. Whilst a patio area is proposed in connection with the drive- through restaurant, it is not considered likely that customers would spend extended periods in this location. Shepherd Group Social Club, 131 Holgate Road, York, YO24 4AZ. An informative was placed on this application 13/02712/FULM Conversion of social club and Full Application regarding the provision of facilities for charging construction of four storey side electric vehicles on the site extension to create 12 one bed flats Factory, Bishopthorpe Road, York, YO23 1NA. Reserved matters An informative was placed on this application application for Phase 1 residential Reserved Matters 13/03429/REMM regarding the provision of facilities for charging development and retail unit on the Application electric vehicles on the site northern half of the Former Terry’s Chocolate Factory Site

LAQM Progress Report 2014 66 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference Sealed glazing and mechanical ventilation were requested by the Environmental Protection Unit Subdivision of 73-75 The Mount and due to being in an existing AQMA. It was change of use to create 1no. dwelling considered that this would harm the historic fabric 13/00736/FUL house at no.73 with external Full Application within the building (the ground and first floor rooms alterations, both have architectural detailing that would to an 73 The Mount, York, YO24 1AX extent be compromised by additional installations). This was approved without any conditions relating to air quality. Outline planning application for an office (Use Class B1a) with flexible To promote and incentivise the uptake of electric ground floor uses (A1, D1 or D2), or vehicles on the site, EPU requested facilities for 13/03232/OUTM Outline Application hotel building (Use Class C1) with charging two electric vehicles, which was access subsequently conditioned as part of the approval. Haymarket Car Park, Dundas St, York An air quality assessment was carried out to support the proposals to develop an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) combined heat and power (CHP) Demolition of existing buildings and and Horticultural Glasshouse Facility at the former re-profiling of bunds and areas of the North Selby Mine on southern outskirts of York. 12/03385/FULM - former mine, construction of an This application was discussed as part of City of North Selby Mine, anaerobic digestion combined heat Full Application York Council’s Air Quality Progress Report New Road, and power facility and horticultural published in April 2013. The air quality impact of Deighton glasshouse and associated this application (with suitable mitigation measures infrastructure and works in place) was not considered to be significant and the application has now been approved by the local authority, but is subject to Secretary of State approval.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 67 City of York Council

5.2 Planning Applications under consideration

Progress Reports may be used to highlight planning applications for new developments which have not yet been approved but which could impact upon air quality. This will help give a picture of areas where changes may occur and also where combined impacts of several developments may become important.

The Environmental Protection Unit has provided comments to the Planning Department on a number of Planning Applications since the last Progress Report (April 2013). A summary of these applications is provided in table 5.2 below:

LAQM Progress Report 2014 68 City of York Council Table 5.2: Planning applications under consideration

Planning Description Type Comments Reference

Student accommodation adjacent to General advice was provided to the Planning Pre-application 13/02301/PREAPP Redeness Street/Hallfield Road in the Department on the circumstances under which an advice Layerthorpe area air quality assessment would be required.

The proposed change of use of the building from office space to a hostel is of relevance from an air quality perspective, as a hostel may be considered a sensitive receptor in terms of the short-term hourly average nitrogen dioxide objective. Whilst the air 20 George Hudson Street, York, YO1 quality objectives only apply at outdoor locations, a 6LP. Change of use of 16 to 24 hotel bedroom with a window that opens directly into George Hudson Street from restaurant 13/03126/FULM Full Application a polluted facade would be considered a relevant (class A3) and offices (class B1) to location, as this would allow occupants to breathe hotel use (class C1) with ancillary polluted outdoor air. Conditions have been restaurant/bar. recommended regarding the installation of non- opening windows and a ventilation strategy for the building to help minimise exposure to poor air quality in this location. This application has since been withdrawn.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 69 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference

Whilst the development site is adjacent to City of York Council’s Air Quality Management Area, it is York Barbican, Paragon Street, York, not considered that the additional traffic generated YO10 4NT. Erection of 1 no. part by the development would have a significant impact 4/part 5 storey building comprising on local air quality, nor is it considered that 13/02135/FULM 175 apartments and 1 3 storey Full Application residents of the new accommodation would be building comprising 12 apartments exposed to concentrations of nitrogen dioxide or with associated access, parking and particulate above health based objective levels. landscaping. The overall impact of the proposed development on surrounding receptors was considered negligible and the site was considered suitable for residential use.

36 To 44 Piccadilly, York Demolition and partial demolition of It was recommended that a ventilation strategy, existing buildings and erection of a together with non-opening windows at first floor 13/02397/FULM mixed use development comprising 2 Full Application level to the Piccadilly facade should form the basis ground floor retail units and 37 of a planning condition on any approval. residential units with associated parking, access and landscaping

Monks Cross Shopping Park, Monks It was recommended that a number of electric Cross Drive, Huntington, York, vehicle recharge point should be installed as part of 13/01559/FULM External alterations to amalgamate Full Application the development to promote the uptake of low five existing units and create emission vehicles. additional mezzanine floor space

LAQM Progress Report 2014 70 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference

Screening opinion for former Comments provided regarding the conditions under 13/03151/EIASN Ambulance Station site at Dundas Screening Opinion which an Environmental Impact Assessment would Street for 3 to 4 storey office building be required.

Comments provided regarding the conditions under 13/03048/EIASP Scoping Opinion for British Sugar Site Scoping Opinion which an Environmental Impact Assessment would be required.

Screening opinion for proposed signed trunk road service area comprising of petrol station, restaurant Comments provided regarding the conditions under 13/00651/EIASN / cafe, up to 50 bedroom lodge Scoping Opinion which an Environmental Impact Assessment would accommodation with access, car be required. parking, landscaping and associates works EIA Scoping opinion for proposed Comments provided regarding the conditions under development of 70ha of land for which an Environmental Impact Assessment would 13/03456/EIASP residential and commercial purposes - Scoping Opinion be required and the need for low emission mitigation Land Lying To The West Of Monks measures on the site. Cross Link Huntington York

Holgate Villa, 22 Holgate Road, York, Permitted Limited opportunity to comment as application 13/02983/ORC YO24 4AB. Proposed change of use Development submitted under Permitted development Rights from offices to 50 flats (use class C3) Rights

LAQM Progress Report 2014 71 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference

Roman House, 4 - 8 Rougier Street, Limited opportunity to comment as application York, YO1 6HZ, Change of use (and Permitted 13/03342/ORC submitted under Permitted development Rights. external alterations in connection with Development and 13/03698/FUL Development within AQMA, concerns over increase change of use) from offices to 46 Rights in exposure to poor air quality. residential apartments

Medhob Ltd, 70 The Mount, York, Limited opportunity to comment as application Permitted YO24 1AR. Proposed change of use submitted under Permitted development Rights. 13/03669/ORC Development from offices to 1no. dwelling (use Development within AQMA, concerns over increase Rights class C3) in exposure to poor air quality.

Redevelopment of Reynards Garage, TBA Planning Brief Comments provided on Planning Brief Picadilly, York

Redevelopment of former Elderly TBA Persons Home on Fordlands Road, Planning Brief Comments provided on Planning Brief Fulford

LAQM Progress Report 2014 72 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference

32 Lawrence Street, York. Demolition of existing car showroom and erection Non-opening windows and mechanical ventilation of 3 no. student accommodation 13/03349/FULM Full Application required to the Lawrence Street facade of the new buildings of comprising 221 studios accommodation block with associated external works (revised scheme)

Land Lying To The North Of Brecks A three pin 13 amp external electrical socket was Lane, Strensall, York. Residential requested for each dwelling (provided on either an 13/03267/FULM development of 104 dwellings with Full Application external wall or within a garage space) to facilitate associated highways infrastructure, the charging of electric vehicles. landscaping and public open space

Provided information about local air quality and the Pre-application 14/00036/PREAPP 2-14 George Hudson Street need for non-opening windows and mechanical advice ventilation

Gillings Walker And Keen, 21 Clifford Street, York, YO1 9RG. Internal Pre-application Provided information about local air quality and the alterations in connection with advice (prior to full 13/03839/LBC need for non-opening windows and mechanical proposed conversion of offices on application being ventilation ground floor and basement to 3no. received) flats

LAQM Progress Report 2014 73 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference

Pre-application advice regarding Requested both emissions and air quality the type and level of assessment for this site. The change of use from B&Q site Hull Road - change of use to TBA air quality non-food retail will require planning permission due Sainsbury`s food store assessment to a current restriction on the type of goods that can appropriate for this be sold on the site. site

EIA Screening opinion for proposed Comments provided regarding the conditions under EIA Screening 14/00330/EIASN development of former Del Monte which an Environmental Impact Assessment would Opinion Site, Skelton be required.

EIA Screening opinion for proposed Comments provided regarding the conditions under residential development comprising of EIA Screening 14/00417/EIASN which an Environmental Impact Assessment would 123 houses and 116 apartments, Opinion be required. former Terry’s Factory

LAQM Progress Report 2014 74 City of York Council

Planning Description Type Comments Reference Change of use of ground floor from Class A2 (a) (financial services) to Class A1 (shops) and change of use Provided information about local air quality and the 14/00398/FUL (retrospective) of first floor from Class Full Application need for non-opening windows and mechanical A2 (a) to Class C3 (residential), ventilation Alliance And Leicester Plc 28 - 30 Coppergate York YO1 9NR

The Environmental Protection Unit has also provided comprehensive comments on a number of potential new housing sites around the city as part Strategic Housing Allocation Sites Internal officer - of the Local Plan Strategic Housing Allocations (Local Plan) workshop sessions process. Comments relating to air quality, noise and contaminated land were provided as part of workshop sessions to discuss the sites.

LAQM Progress Report 2014 75 City of York Council

6 Air Quality Planning Policies

The land use planning system plays an integral part in improving air quality. This requires close co-operation between planners and environmental protection officers. This chapter describes the Environmental Protection Unit’s procedure to ensure the air quality impact of proposed new developments is adequately assessed. The chapter also considers and lists the air quality planning policies which determine City of York Council’s approach to planning and air quality issues.

6.1 Assessment of Planning Applications by EPU Planning applications are brought to the attention of the Environmental Protection Unit in two ways:

• A list of recently submitted planning applications is received by the Environmental Protection Unit every week. • Certain applications are automatically notified to EPU by the planning department

The weekly list of planning applications is inspected by officers working in the fields of air quality, contaminated land, noise and light pollution. Any plans considered likely to impact on any of these areas of work are then looked at in more detail by the relevant officers and comments provided to the Planning department.

Applications sent across automatically by the planning team are logged onto EPU’s service request system and circulated around the team for examination. A co- ordinated response is sent back to the Planning department.

Planning applications likely to be commented upon by air quality staff if they are: • inside the AQMA and likely to give rise to more traffic and/or greater levels of public exposure • in an existing area of poor air quality and will introduce receptors where currently there are none

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• in an area of ‘borderline’ air quality and there is a possibility that traffic related to the development may result in a future breach of the air quality objectives • likely to require > 50 parking spaces and /or result in a > 5% increase in traffic movements (AADT) compared with existing conditions • introducing lorry or coach parking and/or a significant increase in the number of movements by these types of vehicles • one of a number of developments in the same area which may have a cumulative impact on local air quality • likely to give rise to significant emissions to air from a non-traffic related sources

This list is not exhaustive and applications may occasionally be examined for other air quality reasons.

Planning applications which support the objectives of CYC’s Air Quality Action Plan / Low Emission Strategy are generally welcomed by EPU staff. For example, developments which have low levels of parking and which support walking, cycling, public transport measures and alternative fuel/infrastructure provision. Developments within the AQMA are generally allowed if they do not result in further public exposure or large increases in traffic flow. In most cases it is possible to design out exposure by locating ‘habitable’ rooms away from roadside facades or by providing mechanical ventilation. Planning conditions are routinely used to implement such measures. In some cases funding for air quality monitoring and transport measures has been secured through the planning process.

Where possible EPU staff always try to commence discussions on environmental planning issues prior to submission of the actual planning application. This is achieved by involvement in pre-planning discussions and good links with the Planning and Environmental Management team.

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City of York Council 6.2 Air Quality Planning Policies There are a number of planning policies and guidance notes which are used by CYC air quality staff when considering planning applications. These are:

Local Plan: Policy GP4b “Air Quality” – this policy lists the conditions under which developers must assess the impact of their development on air quality. It also discusses the concept that, where appropriate, applicants will be expected to sign an agreement under section 106 of the Town and Country planning Act 1990 to ensure that mitigation measures deemed necessary for the development to proceed are carried out.

National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) - Following the revocation of PPS23 and PPG24, The Department for Communities and Local Government launched the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) on the 27th March 2012. It is focused on economic growth and is sustainability-driven. In relation to air quality, NPPF will not change the way air quality assessments are carried out, as neither PPS23 nor the NPPF define what is required in terms of assessment or what is considered significant in terms of impacts. Assessments are carried out following guidance issued by DEFRA and other non-governmental organisations (EPUK, IAQM), and are made against air quality objectives set out in Regulations. Paragraph 124 of NPPF now requires that ‘Planning policies should sustain compliance with and contribute towards EU limit values or national objectives for pollutants, taking into account the presence of Air Quality Management Areas and the cumulative impacts on air quality from individual sites in local areas. Planning decisions should ensure that any new development in Air Quality Management Areas is consistent with the local air quality action plan.’

LAQM Policy Guidance Note LAQM.PG(09) – this is a DEFRA issued guidance note relating to local air quality management. It offers general advice on how air quality issues can be incorporated into planning decisions. Most importantly, it states that ‘It is not the case that all planning applications for developments within or adjacent to AQMAs should be refused’.

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EPUK National Guidance Note – Development Control: Planning for Air Quality (2010 update) - This note provides detailed advice on how to assess the significance of air quality issues within planning applications and offers advice on appropriate mitigation measures. Whilst it has no official legal status it is the most comprehensive guidance on planning issues currently available to air quality professionals and is frequently cited at planning inquiries.

City of York Council Local Guidance Note on Air Quality and Planning - Due to the complex nature of air quality and planning issues a local guidance note on air quality has been drawn up by the environmental protection unit. The document details under what conditions developers will be expected to submit air quality impact assessments, what information they will be expected to contain and how the conclusions will be assessed by CYC. The note also offers advice on suitable mitigation measures.

Low Emissions Planning Guidance note – Whilst it is still the Council’s intention to incorporate the planning elements of the Low Emission Strategy in a Low Emission Strategy Planning Document, this currently on hold due to the revised timescales with respect to the Council’s Local Plan and availability of staff to progress the guidance note. The note will set out standards and requirements for improving local air quality and provide information on how the Council will consider, and how applicants should approach, planning applications that could have an impact on air quality. The note will include an Emission Statement pro-forma, to accompany all minor planning applications, alongside details of the Council’s low emission assessment methodology for major applications. Clear guidance in the form of a comprehensive schedule of the development triggers for each assessment type will be set out in the guidance, to ensure a clear and consistent approach. Information will also be provided on recommended low emission vehicle technologies and fuels that should be implemented to mitigate emissions. Mitigation measures are likely to include priority and parking incentives for low emission vehicles, the provision of electric charging points in new developments and car free developments. The potential of using developer contributions to fund low emission infrastructure and mitigate against emissions will also be explored.

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CYC Local Plan – The council submitted a Local Development Framework (LDF Core Strategy document) in 2012. However, the decision was made by Cabinet in October 2012 to withdraw this and move to preparing a Local Plan for the following reasons:

• the Government introduced changes to its National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) in March 2012, without prior consultation with local authorities, so the LDF was not fully compliant with the new recommendations, and a new plan was therefore required • moving to a Local Plan will include potential new sites across the city, critical to supporting and delivering new homes, offices and large developments

The new Local Plan includes a specific policy on air quality issues. A full update on progress with the Local Plan, including timescales, can be found here: http://www.york.gov.uk/info/200396/planning_policy/794/new_local_plan_faqs

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7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies 7.1 Integration of the AQAP and LTP

City of York Council’s current Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP2) was fully integrated into LTP2 in April 2006. AQAP2 formed Annex U of LTP2 and is cross-referenced throughout with the targets and objectives contained within the main LTP2 document.

The City of York's Third Local Transport Plan (LTP3), covering the period April 2011 to March 2015 and beyond to 2031, has been adopted by City of York Council members. It sets out the transport policies and measures that will contribute to the city's economic prosperity over the next 20 years, whilst meeting challenging national and local targets for reducing emissions.

LTP3 builds on the successes of the first two Local Transport Plans. The priority for LTP3 is to provide a high quality, well planned, fully integrated and efficiently operated transport network in order to limit, as far as possible, any future delays and to enable the city to continue to function. This is expected to be achieved through:

• Providing Quality Alternatives to the car to provide more choice and enable more trips to be undertaken by sustainable means. • Improving Strategic Links to enhance the wider connections with the key residential and employment areas in and around York, and beyond. • Encouraging Behavioural Change to maximise the use of walking, cycling and public transport and continue improving road safety • Tackling Transport Emissions to reduce the release of pollutants harmful to health and the environment. • Enhancing Public Streets and Spaces to improve the quality of life, minimise the impact of motorised traffic and encourage economic, social and cultural activity.

Strategic Theme 4 of LTP3 is ‘Tackle Transport Emissions’ (including both greenhouse gases and local pollutants). As previously, LTP3 has a strong emphasis on discouraging the use of more polluting vehicles and the general reduction of

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City of York Council vehicle numbers (prevent and shift approach), but there is also a strong emphasis on reducing the emissions from each vehicle through the promotion of less polluting fuels and other technology developments. This approach was developed alongside the Low Emission Strategy such that the two policy documents fully support each other.

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8 Climate Change Strategies

City of York Council have committed to tackling climate change in York. The city is on a mission to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 40 per cent by 2020 and 80 per cent by 2050. To help residents and businesses play a vital role in tackling climate change, the council have produced a Climate Change Framework and Climate Change Action Plan for York.

8.1 The Climate Change Framework The Climate Change Framework is the overarching document that will enable York to accelerate actions to reduce carbon emissions across the city.

The framework identifies ten key areas for focus, creating: • Sustainable homes • Sustainable buildings • Sustainable energy • Sustainable waste management • Sustainable transport • Sustainable low carbon economy • Low carbon lifestyle • Sustainable planning and land use • Sustainable Without Walls Partnership – illustrating the climate change work they are doing as a city partnership • Prepared York – how we start to prepare and adapt our infrastructure, services, homes and businesses for a changing climate.

8.2 The Climate Change Action Plan The Climate Change Action Plan for York will deliver coordinated actions across the city to meet the Climate Change Framework’s targets and ambitions. It is the equivalent of the AQAP for carbon emissions. The plan is broken down into two parts:

• Mitigation – actions that will reduce emissions from across York

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• Adaptation – actions that will help York to better prepare and adapt to the predicted effects of a future changing climate.

The framework and action plans will help everyone in York to live and work in a more sustainable, low-carbon city where people:

• live and work in energy-efficient buildings with smaller fuel bills • drive less and walk and cycle more • use renewable sources of energy to heat buildings or power cars and buses • create less waste, recycle and compost more.

The Climate Change Framework and Action Plan make direct references to the LES and the reduction of other harmful pollutants. . The Climate Change Framework and Action Plans will remain the key document for the reduction of city-wide carbon emissions. The LES and LTP3/AQAP3 will remain the key documents on reducing harmful emissions arising from transport specific sources. There are, however, some areas of overlap, for example in relation to the use of biomass burners.

8.3 The Internal Carbon Management Programme The Council’s first Carbon Management Programme (CMP) has been completed and is estimated to have reduced the organisations carbon emissions by 25% (up to 2013). A new programme is currently being developed. This will build on the first programme’s success and will aim to reduce carbon emissions from a variety of energy efficiency and renewable energy projects implemented in council owned buildings, schools, street-lighting, council homes, across the vehicle fleet and in waste collection. The programme will also save the council money on its current £4.7 million energy spend and on its annual statutory carbon reduction commitment payment (currently ~ £230,000 per year).

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9 Implementation of Action Plans 9.1 Progress with Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP2)

Table 9.1 lists the key action points within City of York Council’s second Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP2) that have not yet been fully delivered and provides an update on the progress that has been made with their implementation.

Action points previously reported as ‘delivered’ have not been included, unless further development has taken place since the last Air Quality Progress Report (submitted to DEFRA in April 2013). This report is available online at http://www.jorair.co.uk/index.php?page=reports .

A revised Air Quality Action Plan for the city is currently being finalised; an update on the AQAP3 contents is provided in section 9.2 later in this chapter.

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Table 9.1 Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP2) Progress Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions

Adopt Complete Supplementary Minimise CYC 2007-present Planning emissions 2002- See previous 2013 Air Quality Progress AP1 (Integrated IPS adopted for Complete - Guidance on from new 2007 Report for details development Strategy) use in Nov 2007 Sustainable Design and Construction Minimise CYC emissions in Have a car club AQMA – (Sustainable Complete operational in 2002- AP4 st particularly in Transport) 2006 to present Complete - the city by 31 2006 See previous 2013 Air Quality Progress relation to December 2006 City Car Report for details new Club development

A carbon York Central and the framework study former British to identify the Sugar/Manor School most appropriate sites are now being Minimising all Appoint a package of taken forward as emissions from developer to Minimise renewable Strategic Sites in the these strategic draw up a mixed CYC emissions - technologies City of York Local sites will be a AP30 use Master Plan Ongoing Ongoing from new (Integrated appropriate for Plan (Preferred key for York Central st development Strategy) York Northwest Options). consideration in by 31 forms part of the Consultation on this development of December 2007 background document has now the area documents for the taken place, and area. An SPD detailed deliverability has been work is currently

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions prepared for the being undertaken. In former British terms of the York Sugar/Manor Central site, this School site and deliverability work is has been subject focussed around a to public masterplan led consultation technical study, currently being procured. In terms of the British Sugar site the council entered into pre-application discussions with the landowner last autumn which are currently ongoing. An outline planning application is expected to be submitted this spring.

The foot streets review has been Impact on incorporated into the city centre emissions due Include at least accessibility framework (CCAF) that will to revised road one additional CYC form part of the evidence base for the city layouts and street in the Reducing centre area action plan (CCAAP) access Foot streets (Integrated 2007 to AP31 vehicle 2010 onwards Ongoing restrictions will Pedestrian Strategy) present On Monday 18 th March 2013 the times of emissions be considered Priority Zone by operation were extended to 10.30am to st later in the 31 December 5pm, 7 days a week - an increase of 10.5 modelling 2011 hours per week. programme.

In addition, Davygate will be made vehicle free for the first time rather than being

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions available to permit holders. Work is about to begin on the next phase of expanding the zone further in to Fossgate and in the longer term expanding to the rest of the Goodramgate area and Micklegate

Provide covered CYC Complete lockable cycle Increasing - AP32 parking at all walking and (Sustainable - Complete See 2013 Air Quality Progress Report for Completed

council-run cycling Transport) details schools by 31 st December 2011

Since 2011 there has As of April 2014 been no requirement Burnholme for schools to collect School has now mode of travel data. closed so all CYC The effectiveness of school travel plans is Increases in Have active state schools now difficult to walking and school travel (67/67) have Increasing CYC monitor Completed cycling have plans in place at approved travel AP33 walking and - Ongoing as far as been reported at all York schools Sustainable plans. It is unlikely that the cycling possible most schools by 31st Transport two remaining 7/9 or 78% with travel plans December 2010. independent schools Independent in place schools have will write a travel plan approved travel unless any planning plans application they happen to submit in the future requires it.

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions Increase capacity at Askham Bar Park and Ride The Department Access York A full air quality site by 250 st for Transport Poppleton impact spaces by 31 granted Bar 600 CYC assessment was December 2007 Programme Entry spaces/ Increasing undertaken for Sustainable 2013 / 2014 funding for the Works in progress – AP34 [Current use of public Complete Askham Bar the scheme as Transport replacement due for completion aspiration: transport increase of part of the Askham Bar site June 2014 Increased Park 550 spaces planning and new & Ride capacity. will be application Poppleton Bar Askham Bar complete by site on 29 (550 spaces) June 2014 and Poppleton November 2011. Bar (600 spaces)]

CYC has been The original Real time air successful in target is now pollution obtaining funding to complete. monitoring address existing continues at two

pinch points along locations on the Introduce bus the A19 to the south Works in A19. priority Increasing CYC 2005 to of the city and relation to Reductions in AP35 measures on use of public 2008 to 2011 Works completed. st Engineering 2007 provide a balanced the recent nitrogen dioxide A19 by 31 Dec transport consultancy package of bus Pinch Point concentrations 2011 priority and Park & funding will at both these Ride access be reported sites have been improvement in observed over measures that will subsequent the last three provide improved Progress years. transport links to Reports. serve key economic

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions sites. This will form part of the further AQAP measures for Fulford Road.

Open a new rail station at Haxby by 31 st March Increasing CYC No firm Not currently A new station at Haxby will provide better Not yet AP41 2009 (subject to use of public Ongoing date for Sustainable known rail links for more than 22,000 people assessed exceptional transport Transport within a three-mile radius. delivery scheme funding being received)

Ongoing

throughout lifetime of An emissions Local appraisal for the Undertake an Sustainable wider Low alternative fuels All full update on work progressed in Transport Emission and smaller Reducing CYC relation to this Action Point (and in relation Funding Strategy and vehicles individual AP42 ongoing ongoing to the wider Low Emission Strategy) can (LSTF). The emerging Third awareness vehicle Sustainable be found in section 4 of this Air Quality Low Air Quality campaign by emissions Transport st Progress Report. Emission Action Plan 31 December Officer (AQAP3) is 2008 currently in currently being post is prepared. supported

until 2015.

EPU are currently in ongoing discussions Baseline taxi with Taxi Licensing regarding licensing fleet emission AP43 Undertake a Reducing Taxi ongoing ongoing Ongoing arrangements for low emission vehicles data has been review of the individual licensing taxi licensing vehicle A taxi incentive was launched in October compiled to

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions process to emissions Environment 2012, offering £3000 against the cost of a allow impact of identify ways in al Protection new or used hybrid or electric taxi. LES initiatives to which it could be Unit be assessed in A University of York student project has used to the future. been undertaken investigating the encourage the emissions impact of use of cleaner electrifying/hybridising different taxis and private proportions the existing taxi fleet hire vehicles

The results of the study will be reported to The introduction

CYC members during summer 2014 as of electric buses

Study currently part of a wider report on the draft together with the CYC Complete a being considered framework for AQAP3. . This report will implementation feasibility study Reducing Environment as part of a wider also provide a summary of the recent of a Clean Air into a Low individual al Protection strategy for anti-idling study and electric bus - Zone has the AP45 Complete Emission Zone vehicle Unit reducing feasibility study.. Together these potential to for the city by emissions emissions from documents form the evidence base to significantly st Sustainable 31 March 2007 heavy diesel support the introduction of a Clean Air reduce Transport vehicles in the city Zone in the city where bus emissions will emissions be controlled based on their frequency of across York. entry to the city centre.

AP47 Develop and Reducing CYC - - A draft freight A draft freight study The ECO adopt a lorry emissions study, to look at has been produced Stars

routeing from HGVs all aspects of and is currently Scheme has strategy by 31 st Sustainable freight movement under review by funding until March 2008 Transport across the city CYC. This is November including currently on hold due 2014 opportunities for to staff availability. introduction of freight ECO Stars Fleet transhipment /

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions consolidation has Recognition Scheme been produced. launched November 2012. Since this time, CYC has Air quality grant signed up 32 funding was operators to the obtained in 2011 scheme, including to implement an the CYC fleet. ECO Stars Fleet Recognition Scheme, which has now been launched and will run until November 2014

Undertake a feasibility study into a CYC transhipment Reducing AP48 centre for York emissions Sustainable - - As for AP47 As for AP47 As for AP47 As for AP47 by 31 st from HGVs Transport December 2011

Based on a review of local service buses AP49 Work with bus Reducing CYC - ongoing Ongoing CYC are undertaken for the Low Emission Zone companies to emissions currently Sustainable Feasibility Study, the number of buses in ensure that 89% from buses investigating the Transport York (including Park and Ride) currently of public service potential Euro 3 or above is 179 or 77% of all buses operated emission

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions in York services (total 232 vehicles). reduction and (including Park air quality & Ride services) improvement meet Euro III across York's emission AQMAs, standards or achievable better by 31 st through the December 2011 creation of a city centre Clean Air

Zone (CAZ) for buses. We are also working with operators to promote cleaner vehicle technology. CYC has completed an electric bus The shuttle Reducing feasibility study and submitted a number service is no emissions from of Green Bus Fund (GBF) applications. longer being heavy diesel CYC and its bus operator partners, First progressed vehicles, Complete a Group and Transdev, were awarded nine as a specific including buses feasibility study electric buses in May 2013 (part funded service. The is a key into the by a £825k grant from central Council aims objective of the introduction of a CYC Reducing government). Six of the new buses will be to convert LES and third city centre Not AP50 emissions Sustainable Not identified used on the city’s Park and Ride network, 80% of bus Air Quality electric shuttle identified st from buses Transport while the others will be used to service the traffic in York Action Plan. service by 31 University of York and the new to electricity December 2006 Derwenthorpe housing development. with zero Together the nine electric buses will save emissions of more than 4,500 tonnes of carbon dioxide local air emissions over their lifespan. The new pollution by electric buses are due to enter service by 2017. The Spring 2014. A further announcement of most

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City of York Council Comments Estimated Lead Planning Implementation Progress to Progress in last relating to No. Measure Focus completion authority phase phase date 12 months emission date reductions an additional six electric buses was made frequent in October 2013 (part funded by a £566k buses grant from central government). The through York buses will also be used on the Park and run short Ride network journeys which are ideal for current electric bus technology .

AP54 Display energy Reducing CYC - Ongoing DECs in place at Initial DEC after one Ongoing. Average DEC information in all emissions 48 schools, Hazel years occupation of DECs now improved to

council buildings from Court, Guildhall, 5 West Offices renewed on D94 (typical by 31 st buildings City and residential homes, currently being an annual performance) for December 2011 Environment Energise Leisure lodged. basis. 2013-14. al Services Centre, Central

Library, and Clifton Children’s Centre

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City of York Council 9.2 Main considerations for the development of AQAP3 The main air quality issues to be addressed by AQAP3 are:

(a) Diesel vehicles are the main source of NO 2 and man-made PM 2.5 in York. NO 2 emissions from these vehicles continue to rise due to an increase in the total

number of diesel vehicles in the city and an increase in the primary NO 2 fraction emitted from individual vehicles (as a result of abatement technology fitted to

control emissions of PM 10 and CO 2).

(b) Buses and HGVs generally make up a small minority of the total vehicle fleet, (around 3-4% each) but can account for up to 45% and 27% of the total traffic

derived NO 2 in some areas. They have a disproportionate impact on local air quality but emissions from these vehicles have not been addressed adequately through previous AQAPs. In some cases the number and frequency of buses has increased as a result of successful modal shift initiatives and this is having a negative impact on local air quality in some areas.

(c) York has over 750 vehicles licensed to operate as hackney carriages and private taxis. The majority of these are diesel vehicles and operate primarily in and around the city centre and the AQMAs.

(d) There are currently widespread occurrences of vehicle idling in the city which add unnecessary emissions to the existing air quality problems. Legislative controls exist to deal with this issue which are currently not used in York.

To achieve further air quality improvement in York all emissions must be minimised as far as possible and there must be a significant shift away from the reliance on diesel vehicles to provide essential public transport and delivery services. AQAP3 must therefore:

(a) Tackle as a priority the disproportionate impact that buses and HGVs have on air quality in the city by:

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• Rapidly reducing the number of diesel buses operational in the city (whilst maintaining current or better levels of service)

• Tackling unnecessary emissions from idling

• Providing funding opportunities and infrastructure that will allow vehicle operators to switch to alternative fuels (eg. electric, CNG)

• Progressing delivery of a freight transhipment centre to reduce the number of HGVs entering the city centre

• Providing recognition and reward to those operators that lead by example

(b) Reduce the number of diesel taxis operating in the city by encouraging and incentivising use of hybrid vehicles and other low emission vehicles

(c) Ensure CYC continues to lead by example by undertaking further emission reduction measures within its own fleet

(d) Minimise further increases in emissions as the result of future development (by requiring greater emission mitigation by developers)

(e) Encourage and facilitate a reduction in the number of diesel vehicles used by individuals and other private fleets by:

• Linking and highlighting the emission consequences of vehicle choice and driving style to impacts on public health • Providing information, advice and training to help people make more informed vehicle purchase / lease choices and drive more responsibly (eco-driver training) • Providing access to grants and other incentives to support cleaner vehicle choice by the general public and other fleets • Providing easy public access to alternative refuelling and recharging infrastructure • Recognising and rewarding those who lead by example

AQAP3 must also continue to recognise the important role sustainable transport and climate change policies have in delivering air quality improvements and identify how air quality improvement policies can help support economic growth and job creation.

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10 Conclusions and Proposed Actions 10.1 Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

The assessment of additional monitoring data collected during 2013 has identified numerous relevant locations within the current city centre AQMA where the annual average nitrogen dioxide concentrations remain above the 40 µg/m 3 objective level. This reflects the findings of previous Review and Assessment reports and indicates that the current city centre AQMA must be retained in its current form. Potential breaches of the hourly mean (indicated by annual mean concentrations above 60 µg/m 3) were not observed anywhere in the city in 2013.

Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide were elevated in the Salisbury Terrace and Fulford AQMAs during 2013 although were below objective levels. If monitoring continues to indicate pollution concentrations are below objective levels in these areas in future years, some reduction in the size of these AQMAs may be appropriate.

Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide fell at Fishergate, Nunnery Lane, Heworth Green and Fulford between 2012 and 2013. Annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide increased at Lawrence Street, Holgate Road and Gillygate between 2012 and 2013. The increase observed at Lawrence Street in 2013 meant that this site breached the annual mean objective for the first time since monitoring began in 2004.

Both continuous monitoring sites outside the Air Quality Management Area (Bootham and Heworth Green) exhibited reductions in annual average nitrogen dioxide concentrations between 2012 and 2013. This reduction was pronounced at Heworth Green (reduction of 7.1µg/m 3). Slightly smaller reductions were observed at the Bootham background monitoring site (4.4µg/m 3 reduction). Background concentrations at Bootham hospital in 2013 are the lowest on record since 1999; they were comparable to annual mean concentrations monitored in 2004 and 2005.

Diffusion tube D40 on Tadcaster Road has indicated a potential breach of the annual mean objective for nitrogen dioxide. This tube has been moved back from the road

LAQM Progress Report 2014 97 City of York Council so it is now inline with the facade of a residential property. As the site is now located in a relevant location with respect to the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective, any breaches of the 40 µg/m 3 objective level in future years will require further investigation and this area of Tadcaster Road may need bringing within the AQMA boundary.

For the purpose of monitoring the impact of York’s Local Transport Plan (LTP) a local air quality indicator has been established. This indicator measures the mean of 40 annual average results obtained from 40 diffusion tubes located within York’s city centre AQMA. Nitrogen dioxide concentrations across the city were in general decline between 2002 and 2005. Between 2006 and 2010, levels across the city centre AQMA rose, but in more recent years there is emerging evidence of a steady improvement within the AQMA. Levels of nitrogen dioxide across the 40 sites used for the indicator fell from 40µg/m 3 in 2012 to 34µg/m 3 in 2013.

10.2 Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

The sites that have been considered for this Air Quality Progress Report are detailed in section 5. No developments have given rise to the need for a Detailed Assessment.

10.3 Proposed Actions

Proposed actions following this Air Quality Progress Report are as follows:

• No Detailed Assessments are required as a result of the monitoring presented in this Air Quality Progress Report. • An Air Quality Update and Screening Report will be submitted to DEFRA by the end of April 2015. Some reduction in nitrogen dioxide concentration was observed in the Salisbury Terrace and Fulford AQMAs during 2013 and it is proposed to review the extent of the AQMA boundaries in this report. • A revised Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP3) will be adopted by the end of 2014. • Implementation of measures in Low Emission Strategy (LES) will continue • A Supplementary Planning Guidance note (to accompany the Air Quality Policy in the Local plan) will be progressed as soon as practically possible.

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11 References a) Local Air Quality Management Technical Guidance Note LAQM.TG(09), DEFRA, 2009. b) Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York, CYC, Feb 2001 c) Second and Third Stage Review and Assessment of Air Quality in York – Technical Annex 2: Air Quality Monitoring in York, CYC, Feb 2001 d) Diffusion Tubes for Ambient NO2 Monitoring: Practical Guidance for Laboratories and Users, AEA, 2008. e) Air Quality Progress Report, April 2013, CYC, 2011 f) Update and Screening Assessment 2012, CYC, 2012 g) Technical Guidance: Screening Assessment for Biomass Boilers, AEA, 2008 h) Development Control : Planning for Air Quality (2010 Update), EPUK, 2010

All previous Review and Assessment reports produced by City of York Council are available online at http://www.jorair.co.uk/index.php?page=reports

LAQM Progress Report 2014 99 City of York Council Appendices

The Appendices presented to accompany this Progress Report are as follows: • Appendix 1: External Contracts • Appendix 2: Data Management • Appendix 3: Non-automatic monitoring sites • Appendix 4: Bias and Precision Calculations

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