W ORKS
THE G REEK AN D R O MAI
P O E T S,
E THNSLATED I NTO ENGLISHV RSE.
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‘ C O ’ ‘ OK E S V E R S O F H S I D. kQ H; . E O O ’ MEEN S CQ RUJ'HUS
AND B LI S’S HY M T HE CRE TO UPO N O T A R. r m un n B w e n s Y 0. a “ .
L OND ON
A ' A' n m m » to: str um , EV NCE, AND r o x, s r rlo m com SHARP! AND HAILES musm m mocw um ; , ,
A - g T r w n AND utssn r. us er ST REET ; AND a. !s mu
1813.
W ORKS
HE I O D S ,
TRANSLATED FROM THE REE G K,
THOMAS COOKE.
com m WITHTHE 3m EDITIONS
THOMAS PARK E88. F. s . A . ,
V . OL I .
L ON D ON
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BY W INT I ING HAM AND RO W LAND,
Gam a- Str eet; unusnzD DY SU’IT ABY LVANCE AN s ' lo ' r , , D m x . r A r xs ns c ' L ' u s 'r S A ounr UD A rt. s r z H RP , G , !) AN D m uss, PICCA
Il - DILLY ; AND TAY LO R AN D LSSEY, FLEET S TREET.
1811.
ON E N C T TS .
OATH” ! uurse on the Life of Hesiod W ritings of Hesiod ral Argument to the Work s and
W ORKS AND DAYS .
I tes on Book I II tea on Book II
III . tea on Book III n ations on the ancient Greek hie of the ancient Greek M onth aw of the Months and Days
DEDICATION .
GRACE OHN a ns J ,
D UKE OFARGYLL AND GREENWICH o. ,s
L an ! ORD, As this is the only method by whichmen of genius and learning (though s mall perhaps my claim to either) can show thei r es teem for persons of ex tra rdinar in a su eri or m nn r t o y merit, p a e o the res t of mankind I l never embra m , coud ce a ore fa vourable opportunity to express my veneration or our ra e h n fore a translati n of so an f y G c , t a be o cient and valua le an author a Hesi d Your b s o . hi h d s nt th lor of our ustrious nu g e ce , and e g y y ill a e s f ati ons f ur raise ces tors , re th w eak e t ound o yo p ; our own exalted or th attr acts the admirati on y w , and I ma s a the love of all virtuous and disti n y y , guishing souls ; and to that only I dedicate the a ci rcumst nces following w ork . The m ny a which contributed to the rai sing you to the dignifies h oun en and w hich render oude w hic y ow joy, y s er ving the greatestfavours a prince can bestow ; ' and (whatis above all) whichfix youeat-x Qmax an DEDICATION .
than they wer e by so many origin shall have of our own as we . ; ormed b able han s on when perf y d , have an opportunity 0fdiscoveriug t h the anci ents , without t e trouble an learning thei r languages ; whi ch an advantage to us than for the autht w rit in them ; among w hich the poi
firstrank of honour , w hose ver ses ar fnl channels through w hich the bes morali ty are conveyed to the mind : Dually something in them s o mm common sense of mankind ; and t di nit of ex res si n withsuch g y p o , and numbers all whi t mony of , l chpu tog tute the os divi nan ; thatthe reader is sentiments of honour and vir tue ; h abhorrence of all that is base and ti sa w hile he is r eadin he is e alte y, g, x s elf. ou m Lord I sa h e st Y , y , y, av a ju mem en tos . 5
nefits aris in from w rks of enius ill be g o g , and w therefor e pardon the zeal w ith w hi ch I express m self concernin th m : and reatis the bless in y g e g g, t hat w e w ant not per sons w ho have hear ts equal to their pow er to cher ish them : and her e I must be leave to a a debt of rati tude to one w ho g p y g , , I dar e a s as hi hl thouht of b all lovers of s y. i g y g y oli te lear nin as b m s lf I m n h E r l of p g y y e , ea t e a P embr ok e; w hose notes I have used in the w or ds i n w hi ch he ave them to me and distin uished g , g them r i r mar k m th s t M ch by a pa t cula fro e re . u w ould I say i n c ommendati on of that great man ; but I am check ed by the fear of offending that v ir tue w hichever one dmi res The same r eason y a . mak es me dwell less on the prais e of your Grace than m he r in li s y a t c ne me to.
The. many obligati ons w hi ch I have r eceived from a lad f hose i I can n too y, o w v rtues ever say m uch mak ei t a dut in me to menti on r in the , y he m ost gr ateful manner ; and par ti cularly befor e a translation to the erfecti n w hi ch I ma w ith , p g y r o riet sa s he reatl conduced b her k i nd p p y y g y , y s oli citati ons in m behal an her e r n t r e om y f, d a es c m endati on of me to several pers ons of dis tincti on . I believe your Gr ace w ill not char ge m e w ith v anit if I confes s m self tions of bei n i n y, y ambi g the least degree of fav our w iths o excellent a lady as the Marchioness of Aunandale. I shall conclude w ithout tr oubli ng your Grace « i an r ir u s n s r l tin to m self w th y mo e c c m ta ce e a g y ,
o o u la es onl d i n the These ccur i n f r p c y, and ar e i nclude se t w een brack ts pr e nt edi ion bet e . 8 A DI SCOUR SE O N THE
o f mount Helicon ; w hi chw as doubtless the place ’ of our oets b r th thouh S uidas Lili s G ral p i , g , u y
dus F bricius and others sa w s uma. , a , , y he a of C Hesiod hmself seems and not undesi nedl to i , g y, have prevented any mistak e abouthis country; he tells us osit vel in the same book he never w as p i y, , but once t sea and that in a v from Aulis a , oyage ,
- a sea or t i n Bteoti a to the is land Eubma. This p , , connected w ith the former pass age of his father sailin from uma to Bmotia w ill leave us in no g C , r doubt concerning his count y.
O his ualit r om his w riti n s . I n . f q y,f g Of w hat quality his father w as w e are not very cer tain ; that he w as drove fr om Cuma to Ascrg
is unes w e have t e testi mon of Hesiod. by m fort , h y S l h ed avoid in a fine but ome tel us , e fl to pay g ;
w hat r eas on they have to imagine that I k now not. I t s r m k able t at o r oet in the firs t book of i e ar , h u p ,
is W ork s and D a s calls is br other 3 v . h y , h m ys og W e are told indeed thatthe name ofhis father w as uos f w hi chw e are not assured fr om an of his D , o y ri i s ow extant: but if i t w as I r ather be w t ng n , heve had he desi ned to call his brother of the , g r ace ofDuos he w ould have used A o c or A s , s y vng s 75 ’ r ag ; he mus t therefore by 3m ayevog intend to call ’ him of race divine. Le Cler c observes on this , assa e that the old oets w ere alw a s r oud of p g , p y p the epi t het di vine and bri ngs an ins tance from s t le h s w neher d of Ul s ses s Homer w ho d t e i o . , y y In th s a e r emark he s a s he think s Hes i od d e m y , e ases the w or d in his a li cati on of i t havi n b pp , g s p a/r e of the necess i tous ci r cums tances of his father
’ i n ! be féllo n b ok ve no doubt but L m g o . I ha e - Li FE or n es ron . 9
Cler c is rightin the meani ng of the w or d 3m ; but at the same time I thi nk his observation on i t tr i
in his father w s t fl g : because, if a reduced o po v ert e are not to infer fro e he y, w m thenc w as never r i h or if he w as alwa s oor hat is no c ; , y p , t argument agai ns this being of a good family : nor ’ i s the w ord di vine in the least debased by being e i t e s he d bu f f an p het to th wine r , t a proo o the di nit f at office i n those tim W e are su g y o th es . p por ted i n thi s r eading by Tzetz es and Valle and Frisina have took the w ord n t e same sense in i h , th ir a m ati f r s e L tin tr a l ons o the W o k and Days .
- Fr ater odes (says Valla) gener oso e sanguine P er s e.
And Frisina calls him P er se di vine.
I ud nt his a e and uali t r om cti n. v . Aj gme of g q y f fi o
The genealogy lik ew ise w hichthe author of the contenti n betw ixt Homer and Hesiod i s us o g ve , ver much ountenances this i nter r etation We y c p . or h i are told in that w k , t at L nus w as the son of A ollo and of Thoose the auhter f e t ne p , , d g o N p u Ki n erus w s the son of n s O a r f Pi e g Pi a Li u, e g us o r us n the n m hMethone d Or heus of s a d y p , an p O agras and the Muse Calliope ; Orpheus w as the father f Ot r s thr s f Harmonides and Har o hy , O y o , m onides of Philoterpus ; from him sprung Eu! hemus her f E i hrades w ho be ot M e p the fat o p p , g nalopa the father of Dios Hesi od and Perses w er e the sons of Dios by Pucamede the daug hter of A ollo s w s he father of Mason w h s e p ; Perse a t , o s daughter Crytheis bor e Homer to the riv er “ exe . t “ Homer is here made th r eat r ham “ at Y eas s . eg , g a
L H D IFE OF ESIO .
Hesiod i n r egar d to his vicini ty to Homer : his brrn rn the chronolo of bothso ow as he oes g g gy l d , is to s uppor t his favouri te scheme of reducing all to sc i tur e c r nol r p h o ogy.
x A t ear s b t . housand y efor e Chri s .
After all i t is uni versall a r eed he w as befor e , y g , or at least cotemporary w i thHomer ; but I think w e have more reason to believe him the older ; r P fi r ll and M . ope (a e a the authorities ire could find in behalf of Homer ) fixes his decision on the
Arundelian marble. To enter into all the di s
utes whi chhave been on thi s head w ould be end p , les s and unneces sary ; but w e may venture to place ' him thousand ears befor e Chr i s t w ithout ex a y , eedin a hundred erha s on either s ide c g n , p p , .
me r tan is l e r om his wr i ti xx. So ci cums ces ofh if f ng s .
Havin thus far a r eed to his arents his coun g g p , tr an e ime in h h s i y, d th t w i c he r o e, our next bus ness i s to tr ace him in such of his actions as are
' discoverable and here w e ha nothin er tain ; , ve g c ut w urs to u h he b hat occ s in his w ork s . T at
ten ded his ow n flock s on mo Hel on and ther e unt i c , fir st r eceived his notions of etr is v er roba po y, y p ble fr om the beginning of his Theogony but w hat he there sa s of the muses a eari n to him y pp g , and ivin him s e tr l rel I ass over as g g a c p e of au , p oeti ht t i is a ears fr m th a p cal flig . I l k ew e pp , o e ’ fir st book ofhis W ork s nd lla s t athi s father a y , h leftsome ff h n d vi i e ects , w e he di ed ; on the i s on of w hi h his br t ers s f him huh c o her P e de rauded , by i n the u ae ‘ g j dges . at was 50 i s: “won v
LI OF HES I OD 17 FE .
oun i i n their own c tr . Ths account of the oracle y , e menti oned b Plu ch i s rel t h re y tar , a ed by P aus e n ias i n his B oeotics He tells us the Or omeni , . , ch ans w er e advis ed by the oracle to bring the bones of Hes iod into thei r countr as the onl means t y, y o e aw a a es tilence w hichra ed amon h m d ri v y p g g t e . e obe ed th or acle found the s T hy y e , bone , and usanias sa e er u tthem home. Pa th cted bro gh , y y, e tomb over him w ithan inscri tion to this ur a , p p pose oui t:
Hes d th b rth ar ’s io , y i is b ren Ascra boast, Thy dead remains now grace the Mi nyan coast; h n u a T y ho o rs to meridi n glory rise, th and w ise Grateful y name to all the good .
o. o him x rv . Monuments, d f . W e have the k nowledge of s ome few monuments which w ere raised i n honour to this gr eat and an i t t Pausanias in his Boeoti cs i nforms us c en poe . , , , is ountr men the Boeotians erected to his that h c y , , mem ory an image w i th a harp in his hand : the sa e author tells us in another lace there w as m , p , lik ew is e a s tatue of Hesiod i n the temple of Jupi l ius Urs inus n oi in ter Ol m iens . Fuv a d B ss r d y p , a , his Anti uiti es have exhibi ted a bre t w i th a q , as he r nk w ithouta head and a em of hi ad, a t u , g , m and Ursinus sa s ther e i s a s tatue ofhim of b ass y , , , ns ntn l in the publi c college of Co ta i op e. The only ori inal monument ofhim besides now r emainin g , g, t k now n i s a marble bus to in th or at leas , e Pem Wh brok e collecti on atW ilton. [ atFulvius Urs i nus has published resembles that; but is only a hass o relievo. Fr om the manner of the head ne w , cr ack ed at? fr om the low er art whi chhas s om e. p ,
l UL. to c A m scov nsrz &c . 13 ,
f the hair behind it a ears that both the o , pp Pi tt ar e of the same w or k and date ]
His char x v . acter .
r i ar acter w e need o no fur ther Fo hs ch g thQ n ’ s a s W ithw h t u f fl . his W ork and D y . a a d ti ul a e c s eak s of his father w hen he ro oses hi ti on he p , p p m His as a attern to his br other . behaviour after p , the un us t tr eatment fr om Perses and the ud es j j g , r ov s i m botha hiloso her and a ood man p e h p p g . Hi s m ral re e ts in the firs t book seem to be o p c p , , as much the dictates ofhis hear t as the fruits of his genius ; there w e behold a man of the chastest
anner s and the bes t dis os tion. m , p i He w as undoubtedly a greatlover of r etirement
’ n i and seems o ha e h d n a d contemplat on, t v a o um f cti n w ll s all on biti oubut that o a g e . I h c clude m y character of him w ith that part of i t w hich Pater culus so justly thought hi s due : Pereleganti s n en olissimadnlcedine carminum me i g u, et m mora bi lis ; o tii quietis qne c upidiss imus of a tr uly ‘ ele ant enius and memorable for his m os t g g , easy ‘ s w eetness of verse mos t fond of leisur e and u ’ qui et de.
20 A DISCOURS E ON THE
The first hundred and fifteen li nes of di s poem have been disputed ; but I am inclined to believe them genui ne ; because Pausanias tak es notice of t he sce tr e of laur el whichthe oetsa s i n p , p y , thm verses w as a rese t o , p n t him from the mines ; and ’ Ovid in the be inni n ofhis Ar tof Love , g g , alludes to thatpassage of the muses appearing to him ; and Hesiod himself i n the sec n , o d book ofhi s W orks ’ and Da s has an allusion to thes y , e verses . W I n he or D a s . . T ks and y
’ The W ork s and Days is the firs tpoem of i ts k ind if w e ma rel on the testimon of Pli n , y y y y ; i t ein ver uncertain sa s Fabr ici ns w he b g y , y , ther the poems attributed to Orpheus w er e older than Hesi od ; among w hich the criti cs and commenta tors mention one of the s ame title w iththis of our ’ oet Pausanias in his B ceoti cs tells us he s p . , , aw a o of this w rote i n lates oflead but w itho c py p , ut h first ten verses w ithw hichi tnow e ins t e b g . The only dispute about this piece has been concerning
th i le and the division into b ok s . Som m e tt , o e ak e i t tw o oems : the fir s t the call E v w ork s p y pyai , , and the second e da s others call the firs Hp gau, y ; t ‘ B' auHs a w ork s and da s and the second ygoo x p g m y , H onl w hich ar t consis ts of buts ixt - four p egau y, p y li n Wher e I mention the number of vers es in es .
this s rs I s eak of them as the s tand in th di cou e. p y e or i ina W find in some editions the di visi o g l. e , , n begi nning at the end of the moral and r eligi ous pr ecepts ; butGraevius denies suchdis tincti ons be i n in an of the old manus ri Whether th g y c pts . ese di vi si ons w er e in the firs t copies signifies little for a s w e fin d h m in s veral a i tions the t e e l te ed , y ar e w ru'r m c s or 23
Ver n ethin to t eas e y atural, and contribute som g he o f the er w ith t l tdetriment to the read , out he eas r i inal tex I d to i ne we have not o g t. am r ea y imag this w ork deli vered down to us soperfectas itcame fr om e hands of the oe whi I shall endea th p t, ch vour to how in th n xts cti n This oem as s e e e o . p , P lu i n hi s os s ass us ' was sun to tarch Symp iac ures , g the harp.
w . The Theo on and Wor ks and Da s the onl g y, y , y
undoubted poems of Hesiod now extant.
’ ’ The Theo on and W orks and Da s are g y, y , the only undoubted pieces of our poetnow extent; ’ the A a r the Shield of Hercules is n n; He tl es s, , alw a rint w ith th tw o but has not one ys p ed ese , convincing argument in i ts favour by which w e ma os i d i t Hes od y p ti vely eclare agenuine w ork of i . W e have great r eason to believe those two poems only w ere remaining in the reign of Augustus . anilius who w as n us a e M ( a author of the Aug tan g ), in the second book of his Astronom tak es notice y, , in his commendation of ur nd his w ritin s o poeta g , ’ of no other than the The on and W ork s and og y, ’ D a s The rs s y . ve e of Manilius are these
Hsiodu o ’ ar-enter e s mem r at divas , di o umque p , t c - m ue mo I haos cais son ten as , or be q s ub ' ’ ti ider a cor us I syaystem, pr iflmm tstubrm a s , p ; s o is et cunabula ma ni M ana ges enes , J v g ,
nllius w as ublished ten ears after Dr . Bentley, whose Ma p y s b ntia the first edition of thi s di scour e, gi ves pr imos titua es e sa s and ar uder a per ms : the old copi , h y , have pn mos , p tus is supplied by his ow n judgment; butpr i mes por tsi s ( m “m titobantia rider s is notconsistent withthe genesi s “ “i
status es or 118510 11. 23
He ce he to ti elds ds man so l n descen , ures the i , h m r l I nstructs t e plough an , and ewards his te l H si n ow i n ains w v i e i ills e gs h cor n pl , ho n n h , i ow b0i wi thv ast v l ght. h h incr ease the oli e fills, ’ low foreign gr afts the adii lser ous stock r i Bears stranger frut, and w onders at her leaves u w k w h n e t An usef l or e p ace and plen y reign, i - l And artjo ns natur e to improve the p ain.
The obser vati on whi ch M r . Kenhet mak es our s e in s is that th se fine thin s whi ch the tie l e , o g i ts a ut e ir th f t e M n poet r ecoun bo th b o h gods , nd t k in the w or ld are not so near l allied he ma g , y
' ' o s ny passage in thepresentTheogony as to jus tify ’ e llusi on An ut or w h w as vin an c h a . a h , o gi g a ' o t t i nt oet ou htt ha e een ore un o an anc e p , g o v b m areful than this biogr apher w as in his judgment ' a h i f these verses becaus e suchas re d im , and are it the same ti me unlear ned iii the language of the i oet re to form their no tions fr om his senti ments ; , a Vr i e is r w ron in his r emar k her e l . Keni t s o ve y g , hat in all the seven lines whi chcontai n the enco nium n the Theo on I cann t see one ex res o g y, o p i has n t an allusion and a s tron one t on that o , g , o ul r ss a e n t em I am f ome par ti c a pa g i tha po . a raid ’ his gentleman s modes ty m ade him dis trus t him it and too servi lel follow thi s ti ans lati on w hich s ; y , to quotes in his li fe of Hesiod ; w here he seems to t l ay great str ess on thejudgmen t o f the r ans ator . r Cr e h has i n the e few li es so nha il M . e c s n u pp y s i s author that n s om e laces he dds n i took h , i p a r tho htof leaves whol e fihat the poetneve ug , e vers s i n r lated and i n other laces ives a sense uite t ans , p g q ' n to w hat the oet desi ned I s h o w i ifiere t p g . all n pr oceed to po int outthes e pass ages to w hichMani -r w i ar ul rl l d s s “as. t ek tite s us ti c a al ue His fir t. p y . A 01000033! 0 !
the oem in the Generation of the Gods p ga len l, ; thoughw e must take notice thl t he hl d thet port ’ of Hesiod s system in view where hemak es matter r ecede ll thin s d t ds manselves p a g , an even he go ; for m s ns by did m tcs the h tin poetine ch os, heaven earth & w c r ek et mak , , c. hi h the G e po es
the ar ents ofthe ds . Hesiod tells m verse 11 p go , 6, chaos brought for ththe ear thher first ofi pr ing ; to w hi ch the second lhie here quoted has a phi. r e e f r ence and orbeuquesi ib illo W en , (which M r Cre i li r . ech lhs omittod) mey e t e lncau the w or l d i n M on ty sub ills being annexed, hell c r ; which, s e o ding to our poet, whs m ile s ' u - s bter Pr s i e e . ranean world. ince. ttubl s ts sid sq cor ‘ n pus, whichis here rm dered, and i fs nts tsrs firs ts r- Wi ’ s n n tagge n their ws y, s re the son d iooo ; our o t calls them - - p e Ham s s m ar s h ” ed s s ' i the ts b htmoon the G l more, grea un, d id the rig om l R an ca ls them the wandering planets , thechief b odies in the firmament, not the firs t w orks of ’ heaven as is interpreted in the Dauphines edition of Manilius . The fourthverse, whichrefers to the birth of a s t e Jav , and the war of h giants and the ods one ofthe r testsubects of the Th n g , g ea j eogo y, the li n Eng sh translator has left utouched. I am not i o f i e gn ranto as var ous reading of this passag ,
VIZ.
' al ’ W anasquej swi ssesems m abula m g , w hich has a stronger allusion to the battle of the ods than the other r eadin s emis canabula "W W g g, S , f meaning the second childhood or old age o Saturn. The next vers e l ex ressed in , whi chi s beautiful y p these tw o lines , ' w m r m os o r n s s w u. 95
’ v ’ llow name of br other ali d an husband s love,
And Juno bore unaided by her Jove,
pininly directs to Jupiter tak ing his sister Juno to wife and Juno bear in Vulcan 8 o-r ' , g Wh un , prym as, by whichHesiod means w i thout the mutualjoys of li h s a ref love. The succeeding ne a erence to the b hus and the seventh to the h irth of Bacc , w ole poem ; so thathe may be said to begin and end his ane on the Theo on witha eneral allusi p gyric g y, g on Latn oet in is si to the w hole. The i p , h x verses on the W orks and Da s be ins as on the Theo on y , g , g y, w ith a general observation on the whole poem Hesiod (says he) inqui red into the tillage and mana ent of the countr an into the law s gem y, d or ’ r ules i lt re I do not ues tion but M ofagr cu u . q ani lius i n le es ue r avit had his e e on these w or ds , g q og , y of our oet th p 0 07 0; r es en dow w thtm i some, is ’ i s the law of the fields . W hat the Roman ther e
sa s o f Bacchus lovi n hills and of raft n h y g , g i g, as no allus i on to any part of the present W or k s and Days ; but w e ar e not to i nfer fr om thence that this is notthe oem alluded to tthat thos e p , bu pas s a es are los t of w hi chI have notthe leastdoubt g ; , w hen I cons ider of some parts of the W ork s and Days w hich are not s o w ell connected as I w ish th w r I hi s i n l th Hes o ey e e. t nk it i disputab e at i d w rit mor e of the vi nta e than w ehave now extant g , and that he li k ewise laid dow n rules for the car e
of is l ear mo learl if w o trees : th w il app re c y, e h serve ia whatmanner Vi rgil introduces this line
c no Romana " id“ cam era As cr m que a , P M : . This is in the second book of the Georgics the m e. chief subjects of whichbook are the N ew “ . 96 a na emi a“ ea r n s
- thoas cit um « ar M , w m, ’ i n of the various k inds ot trees the ro e g, , p p r fi r m hkind m d of me are of v mes and ohves c' w aud he lras iuths tbook the very expres sion mm i . a es to fl es ol e lius pph iod. Buchu m at c l d uye
o ther of o ur Bacchus l hould not have usee Creeeh m d . l s . w so muchfreedom ss l hs v lud Kennet ith . e,
other so near l concerned our oet ut ( ho , y p ; b pe thc ciear iug a di mcultm d remarks ble m in wil in so e measure atone tbr the / a classic, l, m , li
i aw na m m. v . m s qf We havenow ascr ibed to fi es i od n poem nnder ‘ t u hnn th6 8hield of fl e As r i g fl g g, r o enlea f w hich Aristophanes the grammarian sup oses to be s nriou “ th it is m imi tatio of p p s, at n o hi l of A hil es hr Homer Lili us G s l the S e d c l . yr M r rin all the t s ti s the and Fab icius , b g e monie y can for it being writ by Hesi od ; but none of them f u am ount to a proo . Fabrici s gi ves ns the opiniow i Faber i n ma e w ords I am m of Tanaqul , : uch ' s ur s a thm should formerl have been s li pri ed th t y , d s dis ut th s who su os i no w , a matter of p e; o e pp e the o of Hesi od ha a e sl n Shield n t to be , ve v ry e der ' k nowledge of the Gr eek poetr y! Tha is only the ud men t o a num er and t j g f one man agai nst b , hat founded o no o n no authority. I k w not w hat c uld i nduce T ana uil Faber so confidm tl to assert this q y , ' ‘ w hichlooks (if I may use the expremion) lik e a
2 8 A DISCOURSE ON THE
W h her oem n r e ave an account of anot p , ude the titl f i of Her s e o the Generat on oe . The n yaru, favourers of the Shield of Hercules would have that poem r ecei ved as a fr agment of one of these; and all that Le Clerc s a s in defence ofitis sinc y , e Her ul s t f h o s i is n c e was he mos t famous o er e , t ot absurd to imagine the Shield to be a part of the * thon hitis handed down to us as a dis n youai , g tin t w s but fr ment f i ’ c ork ; and yet it i a ag o t. Thus w e se l their ar uments bothfor it bei e a l g , ng ' enuine t of other oe m are g , and a fragmen an p , but c n i o o jectures . I thnk they oughtnot t sus pect iv a ar tof th rk nl s d tell when p ano er wo , u es they coul ,
' w here or b w hom the title was chan ed. It is , y , g cer tainl er an nt ce and ll wor th the y a v y cie pie , w e noti ce of m n f nius e o ge .
har e lost. Vt. P oems whic
Besi e us t menti ned e fi d ' d s the pieces j o , w n the follow i ng catalogue in Fabricius attributed to He s i ed, but now los t.
' ' Ha ai n t Ol o . This w as con g a g, n mtm xti gwr g cerning the educati on of Achilles under Chiron w hich Aris to es i n on of his comedies phan , e , ban
ters as the w ork of Hesiod. ' M hat or EM f or Ma m r tha doi : a a mr odm , ; M pm oem tl is s s o p on di vination . The ti e uppo ed t he took f m M l s an anci ent h si cian said to ro e ampu, p y , be s kill n s Par tof this w or ed in divi natio by bir d . k
i s commended b Ath nmus book 13. y e , A ovo uoc e ah or A ue” m a tr ea r g i p y n, r g 6 x tise of as tr on ’ lin sa s accor di n t omy. P y y g o Hes iod i n w hose n e e ve a book of astrolo , am w ha gy ex tan t the e e Plei ades is abou , arly s etti ng of th t ti l e e ’ n d of the - N otwi thstaufim antum n equinox . g
GENERAL ARGUMENT
TO m s W ORKS AND DAYS .
FRO H U M T E GREEK OF DANI EL HEI NBI S .
' Tm ; poet begi ns w ith the difierence of the two contenti ous ; and rejecti ng that w hichis attended w i is r e e a i s s r r e s s to r e thd g ac , h dv se hi b othe P r e p t v f trife and fer the other . One is he lo er o s , the occasion of tr oubles : the other prompts us on to procurethe necess aries of li fe i n a fii ir and honest wa h ad e y. After P romet eus h by subtl ty stole the fire clandesti nely from Jove (the tir e is by the di vine Plato i n his allusion to this ass called , p age, the neces ari s or a fe t h s s e , bundance of li and o e ’ r cal s a e led ubtle, w ho w ere solicitous after the abundance of li fe the d ea a r t vil ), go cr ted g ea e , w hi chw as P t en andora, hat is Fortune, w ho w as dow ed w ithall the ifts ds n all g of the go , meani g the benefits of nature : so Fortune may from thence be said to have the disposalof the comfor ts oflife; and fr om that time care and pr udence are required i n th f i s Be ore Pr e management o human affa r . f o methens h d r i ne e fire al he c mmon a pulo d th , l t o ne es s n d s l c sari e of life w ere ear athan , and ea i y attained ; for Saturn had first made a golden age of m en to w hi ch the ear th ielded ll her fr uits , y a Spontaneous ly ; the mortals of the golden age sxxw 32 GENER AL ARGUM ENT TO THE
mitted to a sofi and l th and er e fte p easantdea , w a r w ards made demons ; and honour attended their
names . o l T the succeeded the second, the si ver a e w orse in all thin s th the first a er g ; g an , nd bett th n the f llow in w h u r r F te a o g ; ichJ pite , o a , took fr om the earth and m e in th r de , ad happy ei ath. Hence the oet t r d the br z en a p passes o thethi , a ge; the men of which he sa s w fi r eand ter ble , y , ere e c ri , w ho ignobly fell by their ow n folly and ci vil dis cor d nor s th ir ur lik o the other : wa e fut e fate e t , for the d n ed ll e er a i on is fo y esce d to he . This g n t l low ed b a race ofhe oes Eteocles and ol nices y r , P y , and the r estw ho w ere in the first and oldes t The ban war and A meinn n and Menelaus nd such , ga o ; a as are recorded by the poet to be in the Tr ojan w ar f eath and ; o whom someperished enti rely by d ,
some new inhabitthe isles of the bless ed. Nexthe
describes the ir on a e and thei n us tice w hich r e g , j p vai le i t a s h ud es and d n i . He re tl re rov t e g y p e j g , taxes them w ithcorru ti on in a shortand beautiful p ,
fable. In the o her f h ook he sets be t part o t e b , for e our eyes the cons equences of justi ce and in ustice and then i n most s aci ous manner j ; , the ag , la s dow n som f e ise t ece t P ers s y e o th w s pr p s to e . The ar t w hi ch contains the rece ts is chiefl p p p , y w rit in an irr e ular free and eas w a an d his g , , y y ; frequentr epetiti ons (whichcustom modern w riter s have quite avoided) bear no small mark s of his an
ti uit . He often di r es s t is rother mi ht q y g se , hat h b g not be tired w i thhis rece ts becaus e of a too p p , m uchsam r l s of eco eness . Hence he pass es to ue nom be inni n i r He oints out y, g g w thag iculture. p
Hi o i - I e t Homer J pp se Hi n lut m an .
W ORK S AND DAYS
B OOK I .
THE ARGUMENT.
HIS book contains the invocati on to the w hole the T .
n the stor of Prometheus E imetheus at pr opositio , y p , f l a sttver a e bra d ora; a descri ption o the go den ge, g , an h i ro e a recommend the age of heroes , d t e n ag ; oral bless n s w lthw hich oo I Vi rtue. from the temp i g g d condit f he w k ed and seven attended, and the i on o t i c ; precepts proper to be obser ved through the course
li ves .
I NG muses sin from the Pierian rov S , , g, g e ; n the son and let the theme be Begi g, Jove ; m e s run and him efir s From hi y p g, y tshould From your immor tal sire deduce your lays ;
z tze ls The ScltoliastT e s tel us , this poem w as first c W ork s and Days of Hesiod to di stinguishi t from am th e sub ect and of the same ti le w r o e sam j , t , te by How muchthi s may be depended on i cannotsay ; but ur e u fr om Pli n o ne ass s s book 1 cha . 25 . th y, 8, p atli es fi w o the rst h laid dow n rules for agri culture. It i s cer t of all the pieces of thls nature w hich w ere before V
extant i n hi s days , this w as mostesteemed by htm ; 00 w ould not have showed that r espect to our author
w or ms AND nuts . 37
' How in the w rm i t ind vs g ngs o the buto m , While eres ellow is unki 0 C , y goddess, nd ! 5 Butwhen ro iti o she has h a ’ s p p us e pd your tore, For thers ouma l o y y p ead, and not befi ts ; But etw ith ustice our conten l j y ti ons prove, And be yoar coumeis suchs s coms from Jove ; t l N o as of aw when w e divided lands, ’ Yougraspd atd] withavmi cious hands ; When the e for ri known corrupt d bench, b bes w ell , Un us j tly gra ted more than was your own. Fools r th soul , blind to t u ! nor knows their erring How muhthe half is tter 60 c be than the whole, How r t the leasure o rd g ea p wh lesome herbe aflb , How t d the frual and an honest g , board ! W ould the immortal gods on men bes tow m n A ind, how few the wants of lithto k ow ; They all the year from labour free mightli ve On w hat the bounty of a day w ould gi ve; ' The so n the rudder o er the smok would la y o e y, And letthe mule and ox at leisure s tray This sense to man the kin of ods enies g g d , ’ In wrathto him who daring robbd the sk ies ; ’ D r d ills e od re ar un ea th g p p d, known before, ’ And the stoln the back to his heaven he bor e Butfrom r metheus ’t ’ n P o was conceald in vai , Whi chfor the use of man e ai he stol ag n, n l his fraud A d, artfuin , broughtfrom above ’ lead in a hollow cane deceivin ove. C , g J f e i l Again defianded o c les t a fire, Thus spoke the cloud- compelling god in ire ’ Son of lii tus o er - subtle o pe , , g , And glory in thy ar tful theft below ; N ow of the fire ouboas t b stealthretri ’ y y ev d, ‘ And triumphin almighty Jove deeeivd 38 w orm s Ai m ns vs.
Butthoutoo late shaltfind the tri umphvain, And r ead thy folly in succeeding pain ; ‘ P oster i t fl y the sad e ectshall k now , ’ W hen in ur sui t of o the ras thei r w oe. , p j y, y g p He s k e nd ld to Mulciber his will po , a to , And smilin bade him his commands fulfil , g, , T o use his r test t his ni st care g ea ar , ce , T o frame a tu x uisitel fair crea re e q y , To te w ell th l ith ter then mper e c ay w wa , To add the vigour and the voice of men, e h To l t her firstin vi rgin lus tre s ine,
In for m a oddess wi tha bloom divine. g , ’ And next the sir nds M ne s aid , e dema i rva , i I n all her various sk ill to train the ma d, B s h l art id er the secrets of the oom imp , T o cas ta cur i ous thread w i thhappy art air And golden Venus w as to teachthe f , The w iles l d o im r o e her ai r of ove, an t p v , And then in aw ful ma es t to shed , j y, A thousand graceful charms ar ound her head N eat Hermes ar ful od mus tform her mind , t g , , One da to t r d the next be k ind y o ture an , rs i n her ton ue W i thmanne all dece tful, a d g
Frauht w ithabuse and w ithdetraction hun . g , g ‘ s o e Jove gave the mandate ; and the god b y d. ’ Fi rst Vulcan form d of ear ththe blushing maid ; ’ ‘ M in m the s k as s i n d er va nextperfor d ta g , ’ nd W i thever y female art adom d her mi . in T o dress her S ttada and the. Graces o , j ;
Ar ound h rson lo the diamonds shi ne. er pe , ! ’ T o deck her brow s the fair - tr ess d S eas ons bring i
i . A garland br eathi ng all the sw eets of spr ng r o er lace Eachpr esent Pallas gives its p p p , t a race An d adds to every ornamen g , W ORKS AND DA YS .
N ext Her mes taught the fair the heartto move; W ithall the false alluring ar ts of love; Her manners all deceitful d her t n , an o gue W i thfalseho ds fruit l and detra n d o fu, cti o hung. 1r ’ Th finishd m id t e ods Pandora call e a h g , ’ B ecause a tribute she r eceiv d from all ’ ’ nd thus twas ove s command the sex be n A , J , ga , lo el mis hief to t e ul A v y c h so of man. W hen the reat s ire of ods beheld the fai r g g , ’ The fatal guile, the inevi table s nar e, er mes h bids to e H e Epim theus bear . P r ometheus ndful of his , mi theft tbove, ’ Had warn d his brother to beware of Jove ; To ak e n resent that e d sh u send 130 t o p th go o ld , Les t the fair bri be should ill to man por tend ; B uthe for tf l es his evil fate , ge u, tak ,
Acce ts th i nd re nts t o ate. p e m schief, a pe o l ’ M ortals atfirst liss ful ear then o d a b j y , ’ W ithills unt n n r with t s anno ai ted, o (ra e y d ; T o them the w r ld w as la ori ous s o no b tage, ’ N or fear d they then the miseries of age ; B ut s oon the sad reversi on the b hold y e , Alas ! they grow in thei r alfl icti ons old For in her hand the n m ha cask et b rs y p ea , Full of diseases and corr odin car es g , ’ in W hichopen d, they to tai nt the w or ld beg , i And hope alone r emains entire w i thn. S h r nt r above uc w as the fatal p ese f om ,
And such the wi ll of cloud- compelli ng Jove ’ ’ n w n mber d oes o er mor tals r ei n And o un u w g , Alik e infected i s the land and mai n ; ’ O r m e di stem ers s ilent s tr e hu an rac p ay, And multiply thei r strengthby nightand day — 40 w ontrs s un n uts :
' ’ Twas Joves decr ee they should in silence rove For w ho is able to contend w ithJove? 15! And now the subject of my verse I change ; T o tales of pr ofit and delight I range ; W hence ouma leasure and advanta e ain y y p g g , If in ur m oula the useful s r n yo ind y y tai . Soon as the deathless ods w er e born and man g , , ’ mor tal race wi thvoice endow d be an A , , g ; ’ Theheavenl w ers from hi hthei r ork b d y po g w ehol , An d the fi t the s t le an a e of l rs age y y g go d. ’ Men s ent a life lik e ods in Saturn s rei n p g g , N or f r d care nor bod elt thei ri n a , y pai n ; Fr om labour fr ee the ever sense en o , y y j y ; N or could the ills of time thei r peace des tr oy ; ‘ In b n ets the deli ht remov d fr om a qu y g , care ; N or tr oublesome old age i ntruded there The ie or rather seem to die the s eem y d , ; y l Fr om hence transpor ted in a p easing dr eam . ’ The fields as et untill d thei r fr uits afford , y , , And fill s m tuous and unenv ied board a u p , ’ Thus cr ow n d w i thha i ness thei r ever da 170 , pp y y, ’ S erene o ful ass d their lives aw a and j y p y. W hen i n the r ave this race of men w as l i d g a , oon w as a w or ld of hol demons m ade S y , ' ’ Aer ial s i rits b r eat ove des i n d p , y g J g T o be on ear ththe guar dians ofmank ind ; Invisible to mor tal e es the o y y g , And mark our a ti ons ood o bad below c , g r , ; ’ The imm r l i i th atc ul car e r eside o ta sp es w w hf p , And thr i ce ten thousand r ound thei r char ges glide The can r ew ar d w ith lor or w i th old 180 y g y, g h ld A pow er they by di vi ne per missi on o . W or se th n t firs t se ond a e a ear s a he , a c g pp , Whi c l l r ears h the celes tials cal the si ve y .
4 2 W ORKS A ND DAYS‘
T o these f r a t a outh, be ter race succeeds, ’ Of dlik r f d f r go e he oes , am o mar tial deeds ; T hem d mi s at firs t i 0 e god , , the r matchless w or th22 P r oclaim aloud all throuhthe boundless e h g art , These hor rid w ars their love of ar ms des tro , , y,
S ome atthe ates ofThe and s me atTr . g bes , o oy These fo r the s f l stri , r the b o r el , detes ted fe ! or b ut the l el i n w i F ea y those, ov y Grec a fe ! T o thes e o ove a second life or dain d es J , S ome ha soil far in the distant m i n ppy a ,
W h - er e li ve the hero shades i n ri chr epas t, Remote from mortals of a v ulgar cas t: ’ There in land of bless d the find the is the y , 230 W here ei ns an endless alm of mind Saturn r g , c ; An i st fr uits adorn the fields d ther e the cho ce , i s iel s And thri ce the fer t le year a harve t y d . 0 l w ould I had my hours of li fe began i B efore this fifth, ths s inful r ace of man e l’ t r e e Or had not be n cal d o b eath th day, ‘ T ill the roughi ron age had pass d aw ay For now t e times are s uch the ods ordain , h , g ’ That every moment shall be w ing d w ithpai n ; ’ Condemn d to s or r ow s and to toil w e li ve 2 40 , , 3 B est to our labour deathalone can gi ve ; And et id t e car es our li ves anno y , am h y, The gods w ill grant s ome inter vals of joy B ut how degenerate i s the human s tate ! Vi r tue no m ore disti nguishes the great; N o safe reception shall the s tranger find ; N or s hall the ti es of blood or fr iendship bind ; N or shall the arent w hen his sons are ni h p , g , ’ Look w i ththe fondness of a par ents eye r t i en e a N o o the sire the s on obed c p y, or l on the l f ra .N ook wrthreverence ock s o g y,
4 4 5 W ORK! AND DAY S . i Ever will all injurious courses fa l, Andjus ti ce ever over wrongs prevail i l t l fit de ree R ghtwil ak e place at as t, by g s
This truththe fool by sad experi ence sees. When sui commence dishonest stri fe the cause ts , Faithvi olated and the breachof law s E n e nsue; the cries of justice hau t thejudg ,
Of bribes the lutton and of sin the drud e. g , g u emon s Thro ghci ties then the holy d r un , Unse n s the manners of ei r som e , and mourn th ; Dis rs in o reward the cr imes pe g evils , t
Of those w ho banishjustice from the times . s there a man w hom incorru t w e call I p , ’ W ho sits alik e unprejudi c d to all ; B i t fl uris eace y hm the ci y o hes in p , Hr r d her sons in r s e bo ders lengthen, an c ea e; Fr om him fist- seei ng Jove w ill dr i ve afar Al i l civil d scord, and the rage of war . N da s of mi e ri ht u f l o y fa ne to th g eo s al , B ut all 18 lent and deli htful all p y, g , ’ N ature indul ent o er th ir n i s seen g e la d , W ithoak s hightow eri ng are thei r mountai ns greci W ithheav mast thei r ar ms diffusiv e bow y , W hile fr om their trunk s ri chs tr eams ofhoney flov Of flock s untainted ar e their as tures ful p l , 81 W hichslow ly strut beneaththeir w eight of w ool An s born lik ess d son ar e the en of their si re, The fr uits of vi rtue and a chas te d i , es r e ’ O er the w ide seas for w ealththey need notroan M n a y and las ti ng are thei r joys at home. N ot thus the w i ck ed who in ill deli ht , g , W hose daily acts perver t the rules of r ight; T o these the w ise dis ser ove or dai ns po , J , R e eated l o p osses, and a w orld f pains : w oaxs AN!) nuts. 45
F mines l us unex ted ni h 320 a and p ag e are, pec , g ; d the k dred die Their wives are barren, an ir in ; ’ N umbers of these atonce are s w eepd away ; cean’s re And ships of w ealthbecome the o p y. ’ ’ One sinner oftprovok es the avenger s hand ; ’ d And ofien one man s crimes des tr oy a lan . Exactl mark e r uler s of mank ind y , y , The w a s of tr uth nor be to usti ce blind y , j ; Consid r l e o and all e sa e al y d , y y, s ir d ve The holy demon to the go con y, ’ Aerial s irits reat ove des i ud p , by g J g , T o be on earththe guar dians of mank ind ; Invisible to mortal e es th o y ey g , And mark our ti ns ood or bad below ac o , g , ; ’ reside The immortal spies withw atchful car e p , l de And thrice ten thousand r ound their char ges g i . ’ us ti ce s o id deriv d fr om ove J , un p tted ma , J , ’ now n’ d b the ods a ove Re d, and reverenc y g b , W e d s h n mortals violate her sacr e law , W hen es h e br i notthe cause judg ear th be, and ,
s b h v d Clo e y er parentgod behold her stan ,
And urge the punishment thei r sins demand. Look in r r s d theres r ve our crimes youb ea ts ,an u yy , hink O e d ! reform betimes T , y juges and ; r et the t n m false ud ments ive Fo g pas , or or e j g g , Turn fr m ur s times 0 turn and li ve ! o yo way be , ’ W ho full of s his nei hbour s harm contr i ves , wile , g , False to himself a ns thi ms elfhe strives , gai ; d For he thathar bours evil in his min , W ill fr om his evil thoughts but evil find 34 9 And 10 the of ove that all thin s know s eye J , g , w hen e wil the hear t of man dis clos e Can, h l, O n he uilt osom all Wi thin pe t g y b , And trace the infantthoughts of futur e sin . 4 6 W ORK S AND DAYS .
0 !w h n I hear the u ri ht man co l e p g mp ain, And b his in uries the d e ar r i n , y j , jug a g , ’ If to be to fi d cc wi ck ed is n su ess, I cr and to be st to meet distr y, ju ess , M a I nor mine th r i hte us th ursue y e g o pa p , ’ Butinterest onl e er k e i n vie y v e p w . But b re e ti on b tter tauht I d y fl c e g , fin W e s ee the resent to the future blind p , . Tr ust to th l of ove nd w aitthe e w il J , a end, And ood sh ll alwa our ood acts att g a ys y g end. T hese doctr ines Perses treasure in th eart , , y h , And never from the paths of jus ti ce par t : ’ N ever by br utal vi olence be s way d ’ But be th wll f ove i n these obe e i o J y d. In these the rute creati on men exceed b , T he void of reason b eachother bleed y, , y , ’ W hile man by jus ti ce should be k eepd i n aw e ’ usti e o ur e e l r d the law c f nat w l o dain . J , , W ho r i ht es ous es throuha ri hteous lov g p g g e, Shall meet the bounty of the hands of Jove ; ‘ But he thatw i ll not be b law s confin d y , Whom not the sacrament of oaths can bind , W ho w itha w illin soul can us ti ce leave , g , j , A w ound immortal shall thatman recei ve; ’ His house s honour daily shall decli ne Fai r ourishshall ust fr l fl the j om ine to line. 0 ! P erses foolishP erses bow thine car 3 0 , , 8 T o the oo co ls o so s n r g d uns e f a ul i ce e. T o w ick edness the r oad is uck l found q i y , S hor t is the w a and on an eas r ound y, y g ’ T he aths of v r us t r chd b toil p i tue m be ea y , Ar duous and lon nd on a r u ed soil g , a gg , Timm the ate but w hen the to ou ain y g , p y g , Ha i r i s the f utur e an the r os ect lai n. , d p p p w oax s AN !) pas s . 4 7
Far does the man all other m en excel, IVho from his w is d m think s in all thin s w ell , o , g , W is el considerin to himself a friend 390 y g, ,
All for the r esent bes t and for the end. p , or i s t hi s r e f rais e N the man W i thou s ha o p , W ho w ell the dictates of the w is e obeys : ut he that i s not w ise hims elf nor can B ,
Hear k en to w is dom is a useles s man . , Ever observe P ers es of bi rthdivi ne , , , M rece ts and the r ofitshal be thine y p p , p l ; Then famine alw a s shall av id th door y o y , ’ And Ceres fair - w reathd oddes s bless th store. , g , y The s lothful w r etch h li ves fr m la ur fr ee , w o o bo , Lik e dr ones the r obbers of the ainful bee 4 01 , p , Has alw a s men and ods alik e his foes y , g , ;
Hi m famine fo llow s w i thher trai n of w oes . W f al u o e t ils rsue ithcheer ul z e yo r m derat o pu , ll i iew That your fu barns youmay n s eason v . The m i ndus ous s t n er i s to eed an tri ra g n , A thousand flock s hi s fer tile pas tur es feed ; As w i ththe dr one w ithhim it w uld not r ove , o p , Him men and gods behold w itheyes of love To car e and labour think i no d race t isg , Fals e pr ide ! the por tion of the s luggar d race ’ he s lothful man w ho never w r d efor e T , o k b , Shall az e w ithen n h r owi n s tor e g vy o t y g g , Li k e thee to flourish he w ill s ar e no ains , p p ;
‘ For lo ! the ri ch vi r tue and lor ai ns . , g y g t ct w l e rul s I ive S ri ly obser ve the ho es om e g , ’ And bless d i n all thoulik e a od shaltli ve. , , g ’ ' N ee t th n i hbo r s oods extend th cares r o y e g u g y , N or be ne lectful of thine ow n affairs g . Let no de ener ate shame debas e th mind g y , Shame that is never to the needy kind ;
HE R AN 52 NOTES ON T W O K S D DAY S .
lllS br other in the ar t of tilla e and morali t l g y, a w hichdoctr ines pr oceed fl om hi s ow n exper ience
his ow n natural sen timents , and therefor e he i a v ok es the muses from Pier ia ; his account of tht Gener ation of the Gods bein r ecei ved artl , g , p y fr om book s and artl fr om or al tr adi tion he , p y ,
i nvok es them from Heli con . Tz etz es . Her e the S cholias t talk s as if he did not doubt these line: n in being ge u e. x u Ver . 1 This e ordi m w as cer inl dmir er 3. ta y a b Hor ace w ho in one of his odes has ele antl y , , , g ; ns ated th ar t of i t tra l is p .
Valetima sammis
t d ns Mutare, eti nsignem attenua , e ,
Obscur a promeus .
n w le e after all wh t P s I must ack o dg , , a auania s a s in his B feoties that thi s be innin w s no y , , g g a i n th o w hichhe saw i n lead is r r e c py . a g eat a gt m entagains t thos e w ho think i t of Hesiod : an P lutar chlik ew ise i n his S m os iacs be ins i , y p , g th r di n to aus ni poem acco g P a as . h w s H Ver . 23. T e or d of es iod are these : ther
i s notone k ind of contenti on onl on ear th bu y , ’ r ar e tw o w hi ch divide the i n the e , m d. In th h o on he mak es but one contenti on and th T e g y , a s r n fr om Ni ht soon after the birth of th p u g g , fates and other evil deities w hi char e of the s am , , t n i n s l h t is par en t. Fr om con e t o pr ung a l t a hur l fu to od and m en as la ues w ars sc r l g s ; p g , , e e h ont bloods ed s lander &c. The second c enti or , , emulati on w hich w as lan ted i n the w omb , p o ear th b ov e m s e after the i n entio y J , ut b v n c ar ts : tbr befor e 1: as no room for emulation. Th NOTES on r a n w orm s AND nu s . 53
ntenti n firs t menti ned w as e rs f co o o , b fore the w a o i O tha e fur the g ants . f t se ther i n the notes to T the heogony.
Ver 9. The truthof this w ill l inl ear . 2 p a y app , w hen w e consider the necess i ty of many of our actions w hi ch thouhi nvoluntar ar e r endered , , g y, n r h ca e B involun I do not ecessa y by t e us . y tary mean w i out h nsent f the w i ll ecaus e i t th t e co o , b is cert n atmust recede the a tion but w hat ai th p c , we had rather w e had no occas ion to do.
Har lato n ths s is or Ver . 43 e P o i a s w ds . p age; h ‘ ’ are these: And s o i t i s necess ar sa s Hesiod y, y , rdin to Hesiod i t s mon all or acco g , hould be a g f the same r ofession that the ma be filled o p , y y ’ i env and ontenti on Plato cer tainl mis w th y, c . y s e t s h im s t He tak e th poetin hi , w hen e agine tha siod think s it absolutely neces sary for the better
ernmen o he orld. All that he means is gov t f t w , finds i t s o i n natur e and fr om our a ettes he ; , pp i o us not h r o e natural t , w e can avoid it. T e es t fth
n te b M r . Theobald. Ar i s tle in s second o y to , hi book of Rhetor ic in the cha ter on env uotes , p y, q his assa e of Hesi od thou he oes n t name t p g , gh d o t uthor w ith this intr du n be us men he a , o ctio , ca e ‘ n ten d for honour s s ak e W i th their ri vals and co , , ; w ithall w ho have pass ions and desi res lik e them l es ther e is a necessi t that the mus t env s e v , y y y s uch hence it has been said o x e a w “ a e , n “ p p g p g ; nor m.
. s of erses w as reck oned b t e Ver 55. The in P y h ts o t hei n s Seneca be h ancien ne of the mos ou. gs e may k now to divide w i th lns brother ; as if he es teemed it one of the m ost necessary duti es of ’ This us tom f di v di n th fathet s e . man. c o i g e w ’ 3 -1 N OPEB ON THE W ORKS AND DAYS .
on l m l th hildren is lik m y by ot a ong al e c , ewise
luded t he ee f Homer Book 14 . al o in t Odyss o , Ver Wh a l tri um his t i o t . 59 . at nob e p hs ver he av b other and t arice and i njus ti ce of his r , he par tiality of the judges !how muchlik e a philos opher
i s this at ss his ntem t of ill- t gr e ne of soul, in co p go r i ches ! w n t has he ained tho hat a co ques g , ugh he lost th se s he w i k edn e cau , and utfered by t c ess of hi s advers ary ! he not only shows himself a ha man u s him b whom he is mos t ppy , b t teache , y i ured to s o o I have tak en the libert t nj , be to . y o add this li w i no i n the o i inal ne, hich s t r g , as an ex la ati on of this f o ssa e of ou oet p n am us pa g r p , w hi h r e n t c , and no othe , I am c rtai mus be his meaning
’ How bl d ru l and an honestboard . ess the f ga ,
The 094 and ode o the first of w hi c hw e “ 76” W h g, ’ enerall r e der i n E li sh e mallow s g y n ng th , and the ' ’ latter the daflodil the names of w hichI have not , ( translated bei n of no onse n e to the ut , g c que c bea y of this assa e Plutar ch in his Ban uet of the p g ,) , q Seven W is e M en c n a w l m s t , omme ds s the ho eso e of her bs : he menti ons the w hi chLe Cler c m gspsxog, tells us is apar t of the “ M oo g : the s ame cri ti c als o obs ves from S ali er that it a ear s fr om er , c g , pp this e t ff i l v rse that the ancients di d eat he da od , or
as ¢o357t055
V er . 67 W hat the oet me ns b this a d the . p a y , n ‘ r ecedi n li nes i s if w e k new how few thin s p g , , g are necessar for the s u or t f life w e should y pp o , not be s o s oli citous about i tas w e ar e w e should n o tspend so muchti me i n agr i cultur e and navi ’ z ati on as w e do ex ion of la i n the . This press y g
HE onx AND s 56 nou s ON T w s s .
men i ncreas d and th t dis w ere the eff e , a eases ects of l x r uuy.
’ And the stol n fire back to the sk ies he bore.
This s a e of the fable mostof the co pa s g , w men tator s have left nntouclred as not k now in , g w hat to ma e f t I think i t mus tallude to the d k o i . ecay of ar ts and s ciences ; w hi ch the succeeding verse w ill f r x l in uther e p a . V ur l er . 73. B P r ometheus is s e me nt as y y a , be ’ fore w o gt - s os w iser men w ho w er e as for , ep n s e , , w ar t re i ve los t r ts s t n d o r ecover or v a , a o i ven t
new . r he or inal is V . T i w h e 76 . g es new m gOmu; ich ex ression is used a ain m the Theo on verse p g g y, 67 f th ori inal and 84 7 of m translati n 5 o e g , y o . Ther e is a cur rous comm ent on this passage in ’ T ournefor ts account of the island of Sk inosa i n , his voyage i nto the Levant; w hi ch I s hall here i s e r tr ans l on of as I c g ve a n a a ati an . T his island abounds w i th the fer ula of the ancients ; the old name of w hich is pr eser ved by the mo der n Gr eek s w ho call i t N ar lhcca fr om N a O , , g nE i t has a s talk five feet i n hei ht and thr ee n g , i ches tlnck ever ten inches ithas a k notthatis branch y y, and cover ed w i th a har d bark : the hollow of the s talk is full of w hi te mar row w hi ch w hen dr , , y, tak es fir e lik e a match; “ llK’ ll fire contrnues a lon vr lnle and cons um es the m arr ow b s low de g , y r ees w i tho t oin an dam a e to the bar k f g , u d g y g ; or w hich r eas on tlns plan t is used fo r car ryi ng fir e fr om one place to another our s ailor s lard m a large s tor e of i t: this us e of i t is der i ved fr o m early an tiquity ; and may contr i bute to the expla NOT ES o n r m : w o nx s AND ns v s . 57 n tion of a assa e in Hesiod w ho s eak in of a p g , , p g the fir e w hichP rometheus stole fr om heaven sa s , y ,
thathe brouht i t in e ent i . c. in Latin er ula. g s rg a , f Thi s fable doubtless ari s es fr om Pr ometheus dis cover ing the use of s teel in strik ing fire from the flint: and P rometheus nros t probably made use of the mar row ofthe er ula and instr ucted men how f , ’ fi s lk of this l t to preserve r e m the ta p an .
' Ve 112 . The ori inal is o e r . [ g gpoug xguaeovg 9am ; ‘ ‘ The lace about her bod ornaments xgor . y p d y ’ o d s ar u lw i of g l . A tri ct r eg d o ght a ays to be pa d to the ori ginal meaning of the ancient author ; if a liber ty is too k by the translator for the better embellishi n the oem itis r o er to have a r e g p , p p r i n fr om mark outhat occasion . The dange aris g uchan omission is that the r eader w ho de ends s , , p on the translation may be mi sled i n facts ; as fr om s ssa e he w l t k i t for ranted di thi pa g oud a e g , a m onds w ere in the da s of Hesiod w hi ch does y , ’ t a ear rom ' This observa no pp f agg oug xguoaovg. n w ill be ood i n r eater ornts How far I tio g g p . ] m ay be indulged in the li ber ty I have tak en w ith thi s passage I k now not; but I am sure this par t of her dress contributes m ore tow ar ds the beauty f w hole than a olden neck l e w hichVall o the , g ac , a has gi ven her in his follow i ng trans lati on
’ ‘ l Aur ca cand entr pos ucr e mom ha cel o.
1 To ass over the oetical beaut of Ver . 12 . p p y
or letus com e to the ex li cation of it. this alleg y, p hthe crime of P rom etheus u i ter sends To puni s , J p o a r ee ble i n the “ hole a w oman on ear th. Hw g a is the story conducted ! Vulcan firs t m oulds her t is after the use of fir e w as Gdan sk to form ; tha ,
00 s or es on m a w om All !) nan .
‘ wandering allover theear thfwm fl ‘ m - m a e ths kee an accom t egar w , y p ’ ti s ’ These sen on ust and u ust. . , both j nj h
graftsd i n the ni nds of the people, and m as a poiat of faith by thm wm ld m ke th
’ ‘ the di sposeu of fiM m M M sufl d
the instruments of Providence, to m an according to thei r merlts to sachofli ss in th ‘ i s a doctrine so amis ble, lhat if the us e a t e ro it ouht never to b c nno h p ved, g e pl
argud agaimt. Hereths poetends aw uatl l r m fu r in usti ! i s br othn f o any tue j ce, by Hm all his actions are recor ded ; and thata d iag h thsi r mmi mhe shall he re- ai d e .
Ven us. Men of di e fin mer age were n
file car d! and the first elements , therd bn
strong of body than these of a mixed seed. word here made use of for nature is a ” , , or lan ph tak en from trees and p ls . Tha r m uch l t &c. m N m to an . ot unlik e Qua, p , fire account we have fr om Moses of the di i s generati ons of man i n earlier tme .
Vet. 306 . All the commentators which saw seem to have entirely mistook the so this line ; nor have Valla and Frisius enterc the meaning of the poet in their tr anslation firs ttranslates as pi l lar.
Dr yadumque m ata Sang ui ne
s r u bl dr ads or p ng fr om the ood of the y , nymphs and Frisius has it quer cubus ex 'o a fi m har d oaks . I shall use the comm “ NO O N T S h T ES HE W ORKS A ND DAY . (S
Mr . Theobald has furnished me w ith on this oc cas i no i n the s ds n e a e , and ame w or i w hich h g v
i t to me.
8 0 r an g r pflov an . ) 7m ; p rgor wv av3gwr wv " Km ov ar o a x a uw 8 o oi o a m , a gy g 8 “ p v, s M 8 m 1 g al a é a our a o E “ y, m . n gm r w gn c ‘ ‘ E a o os ias ital s e n sp n r v v em .
I thi nk I ma ventur e to affirm om the co y , fr m ts the have i ven i t th n of ll th men y g , at no e a e Gr eek commentators r ightly unders tood this pas I believe I m sa th s f Latin sage. ay y e ame o the ti cs : v ins Clerc an Hi ns ius have cri , Le , d e , s ed the difficul er sil e S chr evelius pa s ty ov in enc . falls into the interpr etati on of the Greek s cholias ts ; and Guietus i tis lain saw nothin of w hat I a , p , g p prehend to be the meaning of the poet; because e mak s an al e xt i lf chan in h e teration of th te ts e , g g hay into e abs onum i nordi natum sn “s x 1 1 pan g, , this too h borr o s n f he on ectur es , , e w from o e o t c j of T z etz es w ho firs t to ether ith Mos co lus ; , g w py and P r oclus tells us that b l a for the , , y exM” a y, ( y all mak e but one w or d of it) the poet intends to inform us that th t 0 1 as heu , is race w as made ou trees that is to sa fi m and un ei ishable ; y, of a r p mak e : but w as the same generati on braz en and w ooden too ? It might muchmore r easonably have ' been called the w o en a it u iter had for med od ge, J p he eo le out of tr es Hsiod I am er suaded t p p e . e , p , had no thoughtof obtruding s ucha generati on on us i es as n it er i h des cr i ti on of the olden bes d , e h n t e p g or silver a e the et has i ven us an account g , po g y e w h of w hat mater ials the men w er e form d, y
should he do ithere? In short let us rectlfv the. ,
64 nou s on m a trol l s s un m as:
V r . c 218. Exactly the same is the distinctia M oses makes in Genes sa s y he, There was giants in the earthtn thoao days f and nlao am ‘ that when the sons of d a , Go c me unto the dand ter s of men and the bare children to th , y em, til s ame became mi ht men whi ch ere of l g y , w o d, me ’ of l enow n . Cha . vi. ver p . 4 . Here ar e lainl the a e of i nts a t p y g g a , nd ho ng
of heroes .
Ver 2 0 . 3 . The fortunate islands, by the Gl en] thouht to b the se ts of ood men 3 01110 g e a g , 5 14 co hron Plutar h Phil s t s n Di p , c , o tra u, a d on, H as Hesiod havementioned m , ’, and unani oulyam that they are fragrant fruifinl field ; and m in as lovely to the eye as the mind uf mah cu b ine Tzets ea A to is is that g . . greeable th , beal fi - descri tion of El sium in the E nnis of Vi i m . p y g , a
Dem m loesuM ums “ theta M ari a m m seduqn beater .
l . vi.
They took thelf way,
W her e long extended plains of pleasure lay, The blissful f ’ seats o happy souls below .
DRYDEN.
Pindar in his s nd Ol m ic comes near r , eco y p , e ' our poet i n his descri pti on of those seats of t happy
—.n 9a paz agw N ae- or v er an da; A uger en gi n eer ".
Where the gales fr om the ocean breathe throu
the island of the blessed. I mus t here obser that Homer in his account of El sium ud , y , j g ver wr on when he made A hlles a to y g, c i s y Ulyar
66 m 0mm m an A” M “
Ven us. Examples ofthi m y hs fod it “ ’ M When a veh eauce dfthis indh a y. g k pp n .“ ' exem tion d i tdepeuh outh degree of thapur son uilt an th n-tare of tha cfims g y, d e esnmiuslg s t whom as that of aris s nd again , P , who I “ M ; s w f l rince a i ouof a po er up , nd who, n breakiuflls laws ofhos italit M a p y, M W , ” l his c i whichbe invo ved ountry n ruin. “ - Ven us. Re m ai n - the di scoun ton his b ' br other to the judges, y whom likew fie ho hul He ethorts them to u been iniured. hi s p rsuit d s w consideration : firs justice, on the et o t, Bea - o an who lots the d tr u the wick ed m , p es ction of an. ' oths r at the same time w ork s his own un s , hppL ness n secondl Becaus e the ods ; a d, y, g arenotouly cons s of all our actions butour v r ciou , e y thoughts . 0 This re etition of the Ver . 33 . p circumspection
of t rdian- an els and the n he gua g , puishment of the unri hwous is to k ee the crime of w g , p hich they w ere guilty freshin the memory ofhis br other and Re eti tions ofthis ' thejudges . p naturearefiequent in the Greek oets and more artic p , p ularly in Ho
mer than any other . V r 1 The or i inal ln s e . 34 . g it, that Justice r e. minds o of human wi ck edne J ve ss , and soli cits him ' thatthe people may be punished for the ofiences ’ of their rulers .
Ame; w ra SaN a g aut umn
The Greek commentators are all satisfied w i ththis s Cle indeed reasonabl ense. Mons ieur Le rc y oh ects that if the oddess w ho res ides over j , g , p jus ti ce obtai ns thatthe ublic should safer for th , , p e
NOT] . 0 ! “ I W 0 “ . AI D DAY-l o mis tak e that whichhe designed as an hm et rsho on luti boldly pursued, and canva s fi ehutarlvhs to the pr ejudice of other s !
Ve - he r . 4 re ered to t t 4 8. The thigin we ofi go h, because of the honour due to then ; those puts being of greatest ser vice to auin fi i n wah and en r s g e ating ; and thereby, say M , i i , comme M to nded themselves, end M
di vine protection. ' W e find the same oferings s rdn ed hy d n h viti ai h rh s on the c law s, thoug pe ap not jut u o ed i ccasion. How near theceremouio sp e n
' cer t for here u a thor is deficient. We M ain, o r u
the same s tri ct command in Leviti cus, tin t i h An his M u f victim should be pure. d if g, or
a sa r fi f - ofierin unto the Lord beof c i ce o peace g, , the flo k r female he shall other i twithout c , male o , ’ le i . er . There lik ewise file b m sh. Chap iii . v 6 . fat r ts w h o tribute most to o , and those pa hic c n g
neration e more r ti cularl a ro riated - t , ar pa y pp p b
that use And ll offer offe in un cle- . he sha an r g by fire unt the d and the h o Lor : the fat thereof, w ole ' r um t sh l li k ofi rd b the back b n p, i al he e ha y o e ; s and the fat that covereth the inw ar d , and alli ts i fat that is on the inw rds . And the tw o k dne a ys , an d the fat t is n them w hi chis b the ank s tha o , y fl , and t a ] e li ver ithth kidne s he c n above th , w e y , it s h ll h k And the riest shall burn a e ta e away. p ' them on the altar ; it is the food of the ofler ing
made b fire for s w eet savour . All the fat is y , a ’ ’ the Lord s . ve 1 1 And in the same book r . 9, 5, 6. ‘ are th ens e and drin f e ofierings of fr ank inc , k of
ferin e instit ted. In h I l ad ofHomer book g , u t e i , i .
76 W 0“ . AI D DAYS .
F h r or if too young t ey w ill unruly g ow, fi h’d n the a Un nis leave the w ork , a d br eak pl n ]: These and o r l b u s l he b tte thri , y u a o r hal t e r ve, ’ t ood l Le a g p oughman, year d to , drive; And see the careful h abandmaube W i h t plenteous morsels, and of wholesome bread ' The s lave w ho n m f wer t s ul , u bers e hy , yo l find Car eless of w r and of a mu mi d o k, m n ; P erha s ne ire t o p , glectful to d ct he pl ugh, He m one fu w the se w l rrow t ice ed i l ” . ’ r v s Obse e the crane departing flightin time, Wh ear l rs seek a s t o y y soa to ouhern chi ne, Consci ous of cold w hen the shrill vo ee on l ; i y unr, Know the fitseason for the ploughis near ; T hen he f r w hom no oxen raz e the lains , o g p , W i in rt eholds the w inter r n thach g hea , b ai s s d ox to fe B e mindful then the tur y ed, i thin the us ef And careful k eep w ul breed. Yo s a erha s ouw ill entreat a fr u y, p p , y i end, 100 A yok e of oxen and a ploughto lend He our re ues t if w ise w ill thus refuse y q , , , ut w se w I have b t o, and tho I antto use ; ’ To mak e a ploughgr eat is the expense and care ; ll these oushould in ro e A y , p p r time, prepare. Repr oofs lik e these avoid ; and to behold Your fields br ht w avi n w iththei r ears of ol ig g g d, ‘ u m rov d no hour i n season fl Let m p , , y, ur ser vants louh or w et or B ut wi thyo p g , , dry And i n the s pring again to turn the soil O bs e e s r shall r ew rd our toil rv ; the umme a y , W hile light and fr eshthe glebe insert the gr ain ; Thous hall our children smile nor oucom lain y , y p , W O RK S AND DAY S . 77
Then will the r ural deities regard Your w elfare and our iet r ew r , y p y a d. For et not w hen ousow the rai n to i g , y g , m nd That a boy follows w itha r ak e behind ; And s tri ctl char e him as oudri e y g , y v , w ithcar e e seed t the bir Th o cover , and ds to scare. 121 T hroughevery task withdi ligence employ Y our str ength; and in that duty be your joy ; A nd to voi f if r e t s ll , a d o l e the g a e t i , N ever may slothpr evail upon thy w ill ’ ( Bless d w ho withorder thei r affai rs dis pose! But rud i e confusion s the sour ce of w oes . ) T hen shall ousee Ol m ian ove our fr i end y , y p J y , W i thpondr ous grain the yellow harves t bend ’ T hen of Arachnes w eb the vessels clear , T board e f r le e o the pr oduce of th e ti y ar . Think then 0 think how leasant w ill it be , p , At home an annual s u ort to see pp , ’ T o view w i thfriendl e es our nei hbour s s tore y y y g , And to be able to r eli eve th oo e p r . Learn now w hats easons for the ploughto shun ’ B eneaththe tr opic of the W i nter s sun B e w ell observant not to turn the r o nd g u , For small advantage w ill fr om thence he found How w ill ous i hw hen t n o r r 0 ear s y g hi y u c p app , 14 1 A nd the short s talk s suppor t the dus ty ears . ’ Y our scant harves t then in bas k ets r es s d y , p , ’ W ill b our foll be our nei hbour s es t. , y y y, y g j S ometim es indeed it other w ise ma be , , y ; ’ ’ B ut w ho the efiect of a bad cause can see i
’ If l te o the l u hman s tas k accede a yout p o g , m a s t S eed The sy ptoms these the l ter ploughmu p . W hen firs t the cuc fr om the oak ouhear k oo y ,
I n w elcome ounds oretel the s ri n - tme near s , f p g i , 78 W ORK! AND DAY“
’ f ve the lou s fri nd t I Jo , p ghman e , hefi n Three da s mid ni ts desce t h em y gh , n h. “ i n” N on me s nrfsee of the glebe ths tids ’ Rise to thatheidi t the ox s hoof w fl dl Then may yoa hope your storefif m m
And may they Then shallyonknow m um m m And what thebarium of the w !“ m In thatbles a d de d seas t ! k n o m nf. ham o When naked all the M ud ileum f hi When nature lacy or a w lexemaina, ' in h And the blood ahaostfiosaas t an ” ,
Avoid thepublic forge where wretches fly. The’ inclementri gour of the winter sky : l ' Thither behold the s othful vernnn stray, And there in idle talk consume the day ; ’ Half- s tar v d the si t in evil con ult o l y , s j i fld; A n en w ithh u u nd, i dol t, ope b oy p weir minds : Hope thatis never to the hungry kind ! our i n t i n t s Lab n seaso o crease hy tore, And never let the wi nter find the poor ’ serv ts all em l till s r Thy an p oy umme s past,
For tell them summ er w ill not always last. u u e n e The monthall h rtf l to th labouri g kin , n th o w ine I par tdevoted to e god f , Dem h orth ands your utmostcar e ; w en ragi ng f , ’ O er e n th w ide seas the tyrant of the orth, B ellow in t u Th e t s u theloft w od: g hr o gh rac , ear p y o Hr ns a de th h n nds the d flo . 1 e eart , a d bi rapi ods 0
The m ountain- ak hi htow erin to the s k i o , g g s , Torn from his rootacross thevalley lies ;
84 w oaxs s un nan .
If di ntto li m e , lige ve fro d btors fi ne, ' r l r s You ashy are e olv d to trade by sea,
T o my instructi ons an attenti on pay, And learn the cow l es of the liquid way r r i Thoughno to build, no ga de a sup l kns w , ’ ’ I ll teach ouwhan the soandin mn n to l y g p oq h, ’ n ross d e O ce I have c flie de p, and nothefire ’ N since m Aulis to Euhmas s or , fro hore, From Au whm mea semM Guaks h ha- M y I , m’ f ateons d m All ar d for Troy, or bel a es W e At h cis er the onfli of noble mi C al , th e y nd, ’ F tf refather d e or so their grea o ha njoin d, l to t The games decreed, al secred he grave Am h m s the wise and b Of k ing p ida a , rave; n he ris e A victor there i song t p I bore, m native s A w el tr ipod, to y hore ; Whichto the sacred Heliconian Nine ' ’ I r teful fo thei r ftdivine ofler d g a r gi , ’ W e hthe love of verse I first fir h re wit was d, Where by the heavenly maids I was impii ‘d ; T o t I w e t them a one hem o , o l I owe, W hat of the s eas or of the s tars I k now ; ’ r o l e v Mine is the pow e t te l, by th m re eal d, i ll of o e tremendous wi th is shi The w J v , h eld ; who ta ht me firs t to th m bel To them ug , e ong ’ mi honours of the immortal son The bloo ng g. ’ W fr om the tr o ic of the summer s sun hen, p , Full fift da s and ni hts thei r coi n-se have r u y y g n, ’ Fear less f d n er for the vo e re are o a g , y g p p , S m oothi s and serene the air : the ocean, Then outhe bar k safe w ithher fr ei ht ma vi ew y , g , y , And gladsome as the day thejoyful crew ; 381 U ess r at ove the k in of ods or he nl g e J , g g , , N e tune that shak es the earth and rules the sea p , , - ,
WORKS AND DAYSs 87
To punishhim may your resentments tand ; For w ho mor e guilty than a faithless friend B ut if re entant of his breachof r t , p t us ,
The self- accuser thinks our ven e n e y g a c just, And humbl be s ouw ould no more m l i y g y co p a n, Sink our resentments and be fri y , ends again O r the or w retch all sorr owful to po , part, s f i Sigh for another riend to ease hs heart. W hatever r e our boilin hear t sustains ag y g , Let not the face disclose our inward n y pai s . ’ Be your companions o er the s ocial bowl The few l virtuus s se ected, eacha o oul. Never a friend amon the w ick ed o g g , ’ N or r i t e th oo m s fo eve jo n o b e g d an e. W hen oubehold a man b for tune oor y y p , Lethim not leave w ithsharp r ebuk es the door : The treasure of the ton ue in ever cause g y , ’ n d o tains a l W ithmoderatio us , b pp ause W h t f r ouseverel sa a o anothe y y y, ’d th May amply be r etur n ano er day. ’ W hen ouar summon d to the ublic feast 470 y e p , Go w itha w illing mind a ready gues t; Gr u e no h c r e the bur den is b ll dg t t e ha g , ut sma ; ood is th and it l e l G e cus tom , p eas s al . When th libation of bl k w ine oubrin e ac y g, ' A mo nin ofl r to the h enl k in r g e ing eav y g, ’ W hhan s un l an if ou r fer the ra r i t d c e , y p e p y , ’ e is in ns d our o s are los t in ai r Jov ce , y v w ; ’ o o on w hom w e S o all the imm r tal p wers call,
lute hands are deaf to all. If w i thpol d , ould have our ur ine ass aw W hen youw y p ay, S tand not upr ight before the eye of day ; 4 81 And scatter not your w ater as yougo ; ’ N or le i hen oure nak ed from ouflow t t, w y , y
NOTE S
to Til l
SECOND BOOK OF THE WORKS AND DAM
V 1 I um firs tobser ve thatths er . . s poetvery judiciomly begins his instructions with a gal-i d direction whm to sow and to reap; whichrah b
first l - contained in the two ines, but ltmgthuad ih ven the translation into se . M fln t main pse
’ ploughwhen they set. After this he informs his countrymen in their
s everal duties athome and in the fields. For the oeti an lle ori l m p cal d a g ca eaning of the Plei ades, ' I shall use the words of the scholiast on thn e passag . ' Plei one bore to Atlas seven daughters ; the
names of which w e find i n the Phuanomena of
Ar tus . Al one Mero e Celaeno Electre Ste a cy , p , , , r o e Ta ete and Maia but six of which sa s p , yg , ; , y he are se n These ein ursued b Ori on , e . b g p y , w ho w as in ith them ere n ed i nto love w , w cha g doves an s la e iter in , d after w ar d p c d by Jup the
Zodiac . Thus m ch for the fabulous . B Atlas u y , w ho i s said to su or tthe heavens on his shoulders pp , is m ean t the ole hich divides and determin s p , w ate
92 stor es To an: Won“ Ann nan .
Ver . 60. Some think this w- for the salne nse of a mill : if t e brou se, an argumen may b ght, fro nti u f m the invention of mills. tbr the a q ity o Hes iod i in hi , Who does not menton one uy of
0 has a lun ar! note 1079 1 atauM os, v hn , from r the scholiast of Apollonitl M 0 first he and other commentators i nterprets plough n made of a w ood ths t inch es; by ature, to a
louh- tail : s s a m ood h i s! dutch p g ay one, g solidum at ads -rm m W e“ . Tes t-as tabs
no noti e e the View . c of this passage. Se V r T r fearful turtles e . 94 . he crane is a ve y and bi r d l heat and , and soon sensi ble of co d and , , throuh f i easil feels the g the w eight o ts body, y ualit of the u r air w hile fl in w hich cc q y ppe , y g ; casi n l er les t she o s her screaming in co d w eath , shou l ld fa l. Tz etz . V 1 ‘ iet uite r 1 4 . i t e . Hes od k eeps up an s h o p y q thr ouhhis oem w hich as M r Addison observes g p , , . i n his Essa on the Geor itz should be alwa s y g , y '
main tained. Tzetz es tells us Z o o i s Bac , w ; xOn ; chus ; and the reason fd r his being joi ned w ith Cer es is be a se e re i E t to ether , c u th y we n gyp g , w her e they i nstr ucted men in the ar t of tillage and lantin It is n t unr nable to ima ine p g. o easo g the res w ho poet should invok e Bacchus and Ce , are the tw o deities w hichpreside over the har ves t and the vi nt e t su ects of this book ag , w o great bj but the learned v i us has putit out of dis ute t p‘ hat i t is Pluto. is the ill n xOQn og, femal u i ter b the Greek s meaned J p , y a m s ’ » n a 9 W hat is unde round. “ it he ll h/1 mm , r g
' " NOT ES ON T HE W OR KS AND DAY . i
rk th t some allo n is to e leave to rema , a wa ce b bad cl me of his countr of made for the i y , w hich i f i i w retched t w e find hmsel g v ng a charac er . . Ver Hence w e ma learn the o ini on . 283 y p of
anci ents concer in the dew . Sa s Tz etz e the n g y s , a cloud contracted from humid vapours exte ates into wind : if the va ours ar e thin th nu p , ey i nto dew but i f thi k descend ; c , they condens e
and fidl i nto rain. I shall r ecommend to thos e who would i nform themselves better in the nature he bodies and how the act on h o f t se , y eac other , ' w ard s Natural His r h Dr . W ood to y of t e Earth ‘ i n the thi rd par t of w hich these subjects are ju at of dici ously tre ed . The reason the scholi st i Ver . 244 . a g ves for s tinti n the rovender of the oxen at this time i s g p , , because the days are at the shor tes t ; therefor e they are not k eptso much to labour as in some r ts of the e r ut the s e other pa y a , b y l ep mos t of th r time awa and therefore ar e recruite ei y, d by
res t. The case is not the same w i ththe hus band men their labour i s notlessened and the re u ; , y qut e more food the more ri or ous the w e th th , g a er . Ver 0 The settn of the lei es is . 25 . i g P ad fr om
the sthof October to the 9thof December . The
w inter - sols tice conti nues an hundred days after ; d c ordin to the oet Arcturus r ises s i xt an , a c g p , y
r - ols tice The use of days atter the w inte s . pr un i ng the vines at this time must be to cut off the e r s s leaves w hichshade th g ape from the un.
Ver . 255. The oet calls it wa vdtovo tk p g x tdwv, lludin to the stor of Pr o ne and Phi lom cla a g y g , a t s of Pandion k in of Athens the d ugher , g the s latter of w hi ch w as married to T eam ,
VOL. I . a NOTE! ON THE W ORKS AND DAYS.
Thrace ho was i n love. w ith her sister Pro , w g hom he deb uched an afl r wards cut w a , d e out ] ton ue. The s tor is told at lar e b Ovid g y g y , ’ s Meta r hoses b k vi hi mo p , oo .
Ver 2 . The Greek w or d w hich he . 56 , I rans lated snails is a w hi chliterall s i t , Weni n g, y g (i ts any animal that carr ies its house about w h o s s t s i t i t. T e et ere a i i t me o be n p h y , gi har ves tw hen the r ound is so excessive hot ] g , t ’ lite s nai l or to to cannotbear i t. , q n g,
' Ve . 6 h is remark abl thatVir il an t 2 9 . e, g , d oti ati n ets enerall us e the e ithet r a L po , g y p m ‘ s i cada w hereas the Greek s des cribe the vm hf m l creature —T t'rlt o m m 7 0 : n a es a t? a usma , y g 7 eg g ‘ r u sin sw eeter than a ra Id . 1. Yo Th oe. yl g g ’ o er hpp .
M ars u a s ” fl f ull , pi l . } " B a n er udgetary an g , S ar e c a r o O h m c s m , i Ba n k s u; m g, a r 8stc.
Anacr eon.
a o r w e hai l h ' Gr ssh ppe , t ee bless d, t s d nest I n thy lof y ha y , Ha merr as a lun ppy , y, g, in dew ousi and si n ’ ti pp g , y p g.
We have a fuller des cription of this creature the shield of Her cules
The season w hen the grasshopper begun To w elcome W i thhi s s ong the summer sun :
W ‘Lhhi s black w i ngs he fli es the melti ng day t de his s v t B enea hthe sha . eat a erdan s pray v i e mo m exer his v oi no ear ly thth ts ce, n ear and as l l m tuto r i als h , they bear r ejoice im A ll M y they be." h from his cool r etreat
i The tender dew his dr nk , the dew his meat.
100 I O? “ ON r m: W ORK. AND DAYS .
i n anim ls the si n in of the male rassh rs a , g g g oppe in n ther a he seems to r n t and, a o pl ce, a k hem w ith bi rds ; for all the other bir ds that are vocal (says x r es ei r s lik eman w th he) e p s th ound, , ith e month; . but the tone of the m i di is by the verberatioa of
a little membraneabout the bins. Ari stotle does notgive us much light upon the u s m wa s v . t Q e ti on : he says y ( , Eb. here are two
s or ts of t i a lar er and 8 smaller sor r r l yr g, g t; that t l r e and v s ec es w er e called e tr a he a g ocal p i x s, b ut ' s l tr i tlt c and suboi ns Illl ll no 7 3 5 the ma l yem j , 1778; u are to be fo nd, w here no tr ees ar e; a point mat ntl fitll der n w i ll prese y un co siderati on. arn s om thin f fr m JElian Butw e le e g urther o , do
t - lib. ii . that these r eel t w ere not onl Animal. x a ; y re ocal than what are now met with but of mo v , a si z e big enoughto he sold for food : that there w as li k ew ise a sea- grass hopper (if w e are to call it
so of the bi ness of a s mall crab or cra - fts h ) g y , e some nois e w hene er it w as t n w hich mad v ak e ,
li b xiii. These indeed w ere seldom made use o . , , f or food b r eason of a si n ular su erstition : for f , y g p the Serephians paid them such uncommon ho ma e as to bur and w ee over a of the g , y, p , ny m w e use the es teemed them s cre hi chdied, b ca y a d to
erseus the son of u i ter . here s ano r P , J p T i the asser ted b a numb r f u rs ci rcumstance, y e o a tho , in w hichthe r ari ty“ differed fr om our grasshopper s ;
of their sittin and s n in in tr ees . and that is , g i g g
t sa s Eus thins d liad. iii . th It is eviden , y ta , a I at the r tr ltys; s ing aloft; for a great part of thei r s on s come fr o th br n hes of tr ees and g m e a c , not
m m em fl - m eatadm ber ( s ays he) that symhot g ,
N TES ON T HE W O K AND A O R S D YS . w hatever that none of , but those within the tor ics of he i um w er e e er R g v vocal. So mu rass ho ers I thouht o . g pp . g w hat is menti n our oet concerni n the sw eetness th ir p , g of e and their erchin on tr ees mi htmak thi p g , g e necessary. V r The s holiast tells this wi nt e . 284 . c us, i ts name fr om a country i n Thrace abonndim w in s Ar menid s i s f th o fine e . a o e same p and Epicharmus says itis s o called fr om ti n lls his is nti ne l lian hi . T me o d i n the cata q hi h Ph as i s w ines w c ilin g ves u ; vi z . the Lt i Thas ian B blian and Men s h Chan, , y , de . cri tns in his four teenthId llium calls it tll , y ,
v ur ed B hha Le Cler c. fla o y n. e er us med Ver . 285. The Gr e k s nev acc to
r i unmixed W e selves to d nk their w ine . h n ses ar ted fr o m l so Homer tells us in p Ca yp , , w him one ess el of w ine d er ith v , an anoth ’ e M e s s r m la one of w at r . a nder a s m y , S ; ” m over thr ee f w ter and but one of H , o a , ’ ' Barnes s Homer . In the four thbook of th w e find Agamemnon complimenti ng Idor i n thi s manner
Thoughall the r est w ithstated r ules w e bound, ‘ ’ ’ r th o ble s crow n tl. Uunnx tl, nnmeasnr d , a c y g t
P .
Ver ° seems absur d to . 99 This at firs t , to s w eep up the chaff after t hey had thr es h a lace e w e l ’ aw a p w her the w 1nd blo d l. y , ar e to tak e n oti e th t the ti m e for three c , a w hen a s oft ale blow s s ufii cw nt onl to s ' g , y ” the h c at? from the corn . i ll } NOTE S O N THE W ORKS AND DAYS “ here the snow that is on the mountai ns o m m elts and over flows the oun r . Tunes . , c t y Ver 3 W n nsi i . 56. he w e co der ths positi ve de clarati on ofhrs tra els whichseems as I s v , ( ob er ved before as ifhe desi ned rev nt mistak » ) g to p e es, and th - at Breotia and Babe s are bothislands, w e ci ts s not i n the t is his n s i leas d pute bei g a Ba tan born.
Ver . 3 The honour here aid to oetr 65. p p y , “ very great; for w e find the tripod the reward a ll: of r eat and consi derable actions. A auremnon g g , in the ei hthbook of the Iliad s eein the alh t g , g g and w onderful x loits of Teucer r omises e p , p , if ‘ the k e Tr t i e him a tri as the y ta oy, o g v pod meerl of his l an on ther thin s the tri o ” ve our ; d, am g o g , p d is offered t Achilles to r e ain his fri endshi wh o , g p, en he had leftthe field.
P u i v s us an account of the' a s n o v . e a ias , bo k g
t e - f f uneral games i n honour of Pelias ; vi z . h eha n ot- race the uoitin the di scus the boxin w ith , q g, , g the czcs tus & w her ason eleus and othe , c . e J , P , r her oes of the e c ntended an e victor ag , o , d th in i r r d eachhad a tr pod for his ew a . Tr ipods w ere for various uses ; some were con s ecrated to the s ervice of r eligion ; some used as s eats s ome as tables and s ome as ornaments , , ; the w er e su or ted on three feet w ithhandles to y pp , their s ides . ’ is c lled Ear thshak er be Ver 3 3. N e tune a . 8 p , caus e w ater accor di n to the o inion of the an , g p u He cients i s f rth ak es . Tz etz es . r e , the caus e o ea q the names of Jupi ter and N eptune can be us ed w ith no other but h s i l meani n that is for a p y ca g, , the arr and the sea; so that the ends of mariners
A TABLE
or m
AS I N LAST BOOK 01 m w ow
ef Decade r. Holida . 1. Day y
2.
s . ‘ for u s 4 . m -s h ships . A day d houbles. ro m a ntic- ur e m i a“ for the bird i f ? Unhppy o womeu. m t irth of n en for el in t s for he b , g d g h k n; m n d for euui s and the ra , p ug the heq . 7 s r s :Geld the goatand the tee .
9.
birthof bothsexes . A day to plantin.
0 s to the birthof men. 1 . Propitiou
DECADE II .
1. Da of Decade 11. or 11thof th y e month. To r eap.
A VIEW
or r m: W A ORKS N D DAYS .
s s cr roxv 1. The Intr oduction.
Now w e have gone thr ough the W ork s ’ a s it ma ossibl contribute n some d D y , y p y i eg to the rofit and deli ht of the reader to tak p g , , v iew of the poem as w e have i t delivered down a l fi ns r t as an an e t t s . I shal rst co ide i ci n pi and i n th t ht ent r into the merit and es tt , a lig , e that it r easonably obtained among the anciel the authors w ho have been lavishin their comn dations of i t are many ; the gr eates t of the m an w riters n r ose Cicero has more h 1 i p , , t an expressed his admi ration for the sys tem of 111 lity contained i n it; and the deference the gres Latin oet has ai d to i t I shall sho in m p p , w y s Da s h t pati son of the W or k and y w i t he I. G eorgie; nor is the encomium paid by Ovid te o ass ver p et to be p ed o .
tis m m t mcbit Vi s e et Asen tar , d am mus u ,
D am cadet m onr uas alce r cs eeta Cer es .
t s ai n W hi le sw elli ng clusters s hall the v in age t , l b l i A nd Cer es w uh n cb cr ops sha l less the p a n, ' Tbc Ascr wan bar d shall tn his verse remain.
128 A n ew or was w onxs Ann nu s .
l m n f t w eather bet free from the inc e e cy o he , I he had forgot thathis ow n author in d used ah e s ima e and on almos t the same ocean th ame g , thoughin other w ords
N er e m c. Geor es ci v Ma , & g , I.
' The diflerence of the manner in which the poets use the image is this : Hesiod mak es her mother at home either thin or doin her , ba g, g ‘ mos t leases her and Vir il sa s as the p , g y , yr
h i - t w omen are plyi ng t e r evening tasks , hey
ble f the winter - season from the oil s ar ! sensi o , p ‘ ’ l s H i n a and the nufi r enin . ow the mp, ha d g per ly itis intr oduced by our poet I have she e s in my note to th pas age. The only apology I can mak e for the fiber have tak en withthe w riti ngs of so fine an au M A n i s ha I htit a art oi as r . ddiso , , t t thoug p d t to our oet to endea our t free the re uy p , v o from such errors as he might possibly iml w hen deli vered under the sancti on of 80 gm
name.
v O t t o Vir il. . f hefottr hEclogue f g
I mu Vi wi outsome obs stnot end this ew , th ti ons on the fourthEclogue of Vir gil; since bus Graavius F ri cius and other men of , , ab , lear nin have t o h fit to a l w hat has g, h ug t pp y been generally said to allude to the Cumman to our poet
' Ultima Cuma ven i tJam can nims e ras
Thi s lin e sa the as an to the , y y, h g
130 a n ew or m w o w as » m vs .
— a m fl s m r guP - m a m rum .
ods and entirel w ithoutlabou g , y r.
there shall bc no to rak e lhe vine ; the sturdy ploughman and li ve iueasc as they did n th rei of Saturn m we are t d i e gu , ol by the t ’ W poe .
ore its fr ui ts oumneous l and b p y,
Her e w esee severalnatnral allusions to our poet whence it ts not unr easonable f r suchas m , o untl of fl esiod to ima ine that ail Vir tbc eo y , g , gil om limen tP olli o on w ould say to c p , the birthofhis ‘ n is that now sucha son is born the olde so , , , g n ' as described b Hesiod shall return an age, y , ; d ' gr anting the w ord Cuman to carry tbis sense w ith t there is notfi n of a ro hcc m enti oned or i , g p p y , ' hinted at iu th whole eclo ue an more than , e g , y ’ r i ls ow n b oeti cal license. Vi g , y p A i ear ned prelate of our ow n chur ch asserts t in so ver extr aordinar on this he d s ome h g y y a , that I void oti n i t and m k in so cannot a qu g , a g me few Jew el -Ls u on i t : his w ords are these Vi r p , gil c o uld n o tbeve Hesi odin his eyein speak ing of the 13 A VI EW 0! m s W ORKS AN D DAYS. 1
' f nt a es ot the w beeame Hi d makes five o g orld, es o ’ n t l And ages beforatheoomme cemen of thego dan.
ro hc mu in l)mlel oftbur successiveem ires p p t( n g ) p , n n ave thatshould ari a i diflere tages of thew orld, g asion to s who h the now l d e of occ the poet , ad k e g s t i nl r th the e hngs o y by repo t, to apply them to e stats oft ew r l so mau a es and t describe h o d. “ y g , o the renovati on ofthe golden age in theexpressions of the prophet concerniug the future age of the i i ’ Mus nh, which in Dan el is me fifth kingdom . towar ds fli e conclnsion of his Vin r f f r l t this o fi ne enee o Chistani ty. Wha r I at a loss fo , am beau colo ne tiful g , es r l ag of the w o d. far from mak ing five ages be f he l es the fi re the commencemento t go den, mak st Th l Hi d not golden age thefir . ird y, es od coul beone of the poets who applied the predicti ons in the prophetDaniel to the state of the w orld in s o a es se h ened t s m hun n y ag , becau e happ o live o e dr ears f re i f D ed y be o the t me o aniel. h is great objection to their interpretati on of st nno sil be CM i ll remains, w hi ch ca t very ea y u ed Cum w notthe ountr of He conq er , that a as c y Zsiod (as I have proved i n my Discourse on the life ofour oet fhis father and w hatw ill be a p ), but o ; , on r t ins t it all the ancient oets str g a gmnen aga , p , a s e ithet tak en from his count who h ve ued an p ry, f s r Ovi who men s h m chose that o A c teus . d, tion him as ofl en as an oet never uses an other and y p , y ; , w hatis th o t remar le Vi r h el mak es e m s k ab , gil ims f
4 DEDICATIOI .
' in h ir diflerents heres are all s li i t s t e p , o c ou 00 hrs. n you: and amo g them, permitme to ofler hu whi h he te, c may no small mesns to the youmore readilyto an undersm dlq ofthe for on the theology of whichis the subjectof of de pa lda. Few ero ti c made use of the fables of antiquity ; m have frequent allusi ons to them ; m d they are e sometimes th very soul of poetr y. For these re. so let meadmonish o to beeome a l ns, y n ooufsmi iar wimHm d m by uar- lafious of thvn : youwill perceive the advantage in your fan ; s tudies ; nor will yourepent of it wbn youan d the r tori inals . I have ium n r g ea g , y oM qra ed p pains to letyouinto the nature of me an n the ll ories t an d to explai a eg o you; d, I have been more elaborate for your sake s hould otherwise have been. Whi le I am m s ect to o ur rdshi I w y re p y Lo p, ould thoughtforgetful of your brother ; directing what I have here said at the same time to him on , , . Go , m rd to answ er the reat ex ons y Lo , g pectati which your friends have from you; and be your chiefum bitiouto deser ve the praise of all w ise and good men —I am m Lor d with t e r s t . , y , h g eate respect, ' and mostsincere aflecti n m t obe ient o , your os d and mosthu erv nt mble s a ,
THOM A. COOKS . THE THEOGONY ;
THE GENERATI ON OF THE GODS .
ARGUM ENT.
TER the r osi t n t be i ns the AF p op io and i nvocation, the poe g
enerati on of the ods . i d the enealo g g Ths poem, besi es g gy of the deities and her oes o ns the stor of Heaven and , c ntai y , the cons irac of his W f i burn the s tor o f p y l e and sons aga nst , y St and her ofis r u s ns and of Pro yx p i g , of Satur n and his so , m etheus and Pandora: hence the poet proceeds to relate the w ar f he s hu dred o t god , w hichis the subject of above thr ee n
verses . The r eader s nar rati ve art i o ften relieved, fr om the p of the Theo on w it t ns “ 4 g y, h sever al beautiful descrip i o , other oetical em i h p bell s ments .
B ac tfi m son w iththe melodious Nine y g, O Helicon the s aci ous and di vine f , p T h s es there a lovel cho i r advance e Mu , y , W i n f to fo rm the s k i lful dance thte der eet , o he sable font i n o rder m ov N w r ound t e, N o w r ound the altar of Saturnian Jo ve O r i f the ooltn s treams to bathe in vi te c g , i n thee Per meSs us the awhile deli ht , , y g ; 6 THE r um our .
Or now to Hi ocrene resort the fai r pp , O r Olmina r s to thy sac ed pring repair . ’ Vei l d in thi ck ai r the all n ht olon , y the ig pr g,
I n raise of I is - bear n ove the s p Eg i g J , ong And thou O Ar i ve uno ! olden shod , g J g , ’ A r tjoin d in praises withthy consort- god T hee oddess withthe azure e es t in , g , y , heys g, Minerva dauh r of t h ve l , g te he ea n y king ; The s is ter s to A l ne thei r po lo tu voice, And Ar e is h m r t m , to thee w o da ts rejoice ; And N e tune in he us h mn p t pio y they sound, W ho irts the earth and shak es the soli r n g , d g oud ; A tr ibute thee to Themis chaste low 1 al , 2 And Venus charming w iththe bending brow ; ’ N or Hebe cr ow n d w ith old for et to raise , g , g p , N or fai r Dione in thei r hol la s , y y ; ’ N or thou Auro nor the da s reatli ht , ra, y g g , Remain uns n n r the l of ni ht ug, o fair amp g ; T o thee Latona next th numbers ran e , , e g ; ' Ia etus h n e p , and Saturn w ont to c a g , The chant thee Ocean w ithan am le breast y ; , , p , ’ The sin and Earthand i ht in sable dress d : y g, N g N or cease the virgins her e the s train divine; The l in y ce ebrate the w hole immortal l e. Er ew hi le as they the shepherd- s wambehold Feedi n beneath he sacr ed mount his fold g, t , ’ W i thlove of charmi ng s ong his br eas t they fir d ; ’ There m e the heavenly Mus es first ins pir d ; There w hen the maids of ove the s ilence br ok e , J , T o Hes iod thus s he herd s w ain the s ok e , the p , y p She her ds attend our ha iness w ho lace p , , y pp p ’ I n li i tton alone the sw ai n s dis race 40 g y , g S tr i c t to l d mfl LQQ y our duty in the fi e g Vs Th ur shee ar e vigi lant by ni ght to w atch3o n
8 m m .
N or to ms m mf m m mek To mchas meritof thefi ha ved y l‘p ;
Fai r a rs ed es of immortal d ughte , pl g Jove, In number equal to the nights of love ; ’ ’ Bless d s on of tem o n maid , by harm y per j i d ; ' And er t care e l e v se, heir only , mp oys th ir mmd. The vi rgin songs ters firs t beheld the light N ear w her e Olympus r ears his snow y height; W here to the maids fair s tatel y domes ascend, W hose s e s co t u t p a ns tan bea teous choir attend. N ot far from hom e the Graces k ee th p ei r cour t, And W i ththe od of love in ban ets s or t “ g qu p , 100 M eanw hile the Nine their heavenly voices raise T t immor ow rs the son o he tal p e , g of praise ; The tun e t e r voi ces i n a s e c s y h i acr d aue, Thei r theme e manners of the ds and l th go , aws W hen to l m us the ursu th r O y p y p e ei w ay, S w eet w ar li the o th e thl s a b ng, as y g , e d a es l y, M eas uri n to ove w i th entle s te s the r ound g J , g p , g , The sab e e r et s ful l a thr urn thejoy sound. ’ Great ove their s i re w ho r ules the eth r eal lains J , , e p , Confi ’ r of od the monarchrei ns rm d in powe , g s g
- ts r at m eanes t .
der i es and Creus s ns f E rth From them v , , o o a Hypui oumd hpheg hw dm joi n : M M Of flfia ancient h e
’ As sirs and son in eacha harhars us nams .
T-hr ee sons are sprung from Heaven and w mbrace e , Th s hold in hear t ah ht e Cyclop , aug y race, B r ontes and Stero es and Ar es br ve , p , g a , W ho to the hands of Jove the thunder gave They for almighty pow er did lightning tim e; All equal to the gods themselves in fame ; 83) ’ One e e w as lae d a lar e r ound or b and br y p ( g , ight) Amids t their forehead to r eceive the light; ’ Hence w ere they Cyclops call d ; great w as their s k ill
T heir s tren th and vi our to erform their m l] g , g p ’ The fr ui tf l E Heaven conceiv d a in u ar thby ga , And for thr ee m ighty sons the r ending pain ' ’ S he s ufiel d t s ter r ible to name ; Co tu, , G es and B of e ual di me yg , r iar eus, q ; ’ Cons icuous a o e r es t the shi n d p b ve th y , Of bod s tr on a nanimous of mind y g, m g ;
l 6 T I!I H G T EO ONY .
T he crimes of men and ods the Fa es ur g t p sue, And gi ve to eachalik e the vengeance due ; N or can the reat st g e their resentmentfly, They punishere they lay their anger by And N emes is from same fountain r s the o e, From hurtful h he r e of Nig t, rself the souc w oes Hence Fraud n loose ir th n of a d Des e, e ba e life, O ld a e vexa i us and corrodin Strife. g to , g Fr om S tr ife er nicious ainful labour r ose p p , Obli vi on fam d rmen , ine, an to ti ng woes ; ' Hence combats murders w ars and sla ter-s , , , ugh rise, Deceits and uarr els and in uri ous l es q , j i ; U nrul licen e hence thatk nows no bounds y c , , And losses s r in and sad domestic ounds p g, w ; Hence er ur bla k er ur be p j y, c p j y, gan,
A crime des tr ucti ve to the race of man.
r r Old N er eus to the Sea was bo n of Ea th, N er eus w ho claims the precedence in birth ' T o thei r des cendants ; him old god they call B ecause sincere and affable to all In ud e n he reser ves j gment mod rati o p , es And never fr om the paths of jus ti ce sw erv . T f e same arents came haumas the great rom th p , P horc s the s tr on and Ceto beauteous dame y g, T s r thEuribia r o the same ire did Ea bea ,
‘ As i l ll ar her heart a cruel fair . o h d , D re a ovel train oris to N ereus bo l y , Fift fai r h rs w ander ers of the main y daug te . ; A beaut s m ther s e of Ocean b orn eou o h , , W hosegr acefulhead thecomeliestlock s adorn : 370 P r oto Eucr ate n m hs be in the line , , y p g , S am to w ho Am hitrite oin m , and p ,j ; E ud o r e Thetis aleue race , , and G , g , W i th Glanc e an Cv m o thoe the r ace; , d ,
24 m s TB M GO I Y.
’ ’ To Sat rn s rei n ho w d ’ u g w ho , and nnprefer d, Void ofdis ti ncti n i o , and w thoutrew ard, Great and ma nificentl ri h shall shine , g y c , , All ri ht re ires g qu , and suits a power divine. ‘ Firs t as her father u S s n s , co nsel d, tyx a ce d , ' And her brave ofiiipungs to the god commends ; Gr e ’ at Jove recei v d her wi thpeculiar grace, ’ Nor hononr d less the mother than her race ; ’ Enrichd w ithgifls she left the bri ght abodes ’ By Jove or dain d the solemn oathof gods ; ’ Her children as she w d behind r emain , ish , , ’ Cons tant attendants on the thunderer s train Alik e t ’d his ord he god w ithall maintain w ,
And r ules in s lor ds the lord. empire tr ong, of ’ Phoebe w ithfondness to her Coeus cleav d, ’ And she a goddess by a god concei v d ; ’ Latona sable- veil d he rodue roves , , t p c p , Ple sin to ll th ubial loves a g a of eir conn , S weetl en a in from her natal hour y g g g , ’ ’ The mos t delightful in the Olympian bow r ’ Fr o th m As res s run a n m hrenown d m e te p g, y p , ’ And w i ththe s pousal love of Perses er own d ; ’ To w hom she bore Hecate lov d b ove , y J , ’ ’ r the inhabi tants above And honoud by , ’ rofusel ifted fr om the almi ht hand P y g g y , ’ W ithpow er extens ive o er the sea and land ; ’ n on r she b es i le ve A d greatthe h ou , y Jov hgh a , Does from the s tarry vault of heaven receive. W r ed es s re hen to the gods the sac flam a pi , ‘ ’ Fr om h n fie n s as the laws re uire uma o n g , q , ’ T o Hecate the vow s are firs tprefer d ; Ha f n h s a rs k i ndl heard ppy o me w o e pr ye are y , ucces nd s r low S s atte s hi eve y act be ,
Honour wealth ower to him abundantflow . , , p , so Hu m m u s
Who s netcbes s are seiae antin r to the p g p ey,
O f oats t r s the lowi n g he st s ggliog flock , g And hleafi g folds ri chwithme poudroua B h l n h n reas y her t ey m e n nd by er i c e. T e l r r o tn b on y daaghte of he m mer bo , And her the gods wi thvari ous gim adorn :
And Pl hard e m d uto of hear t, w hose wi d¢ o n ’ ls o er a dark and su r ane boer mi land, A o werfid on r hence de heir ir th p m a ch, xi vc t h , W i th e tune dei t w ho sha the es r h N p , y kes t ; Of fli ese r a ov the r uler of the s i s 700 g e t J e, k e , Of s ise god and men xlm sirq in counsel w ,
Is born . d i r dor ; an lt m the unive se a es,
Aud the earthtlembles wben hi s thnnder r oars .
H n wars ad la n d the rumour of approachi g , Great as he w as a r should aris e , greate , T o r obhim of the empire of the skies ; The mi ht ove his s on in counsel w ise g y J , , W ithdr ead hear d the fatal pr ophecy he , ’ nd fo his l fear d A r rega honours gr eatly ,
2 HE E N 8 T THOGO Y .
’ W ell thriv d the deit nor was itlon stron y, g [ g ’ ’ Befor e his str e th increas d and bs w d ng , lim gro W hen the r ev l in r his cours e d ru o v g yea ha n, B ear thth ar tand ove his ow erful so y y J p n, ’ The craft Saturn once b ds a or y , y go d d, ’ ’ ’ His m ur rin s li j d ofls p g to the ght res tor d. Fi rs t from w ithin he yi elded to the day The s tone deceitful and his latest re , p y ; This ove in memor of the w ondro le J , y us ta , ’ Fix d on nassus i n sacred Par a vale, In P tho the i vi ne a mar k to be y d , , ’ That futur e ages may as tonishd see And now a re er tas k behind r g at emains ,
T o fr ee his kindred heaven- bum ra e fr om h ns c c ai , In an ill hour b Saturn rashl bound y y , 759 W ho r o e r f om the hands of J v thei freedom found, ’ W i thz eal the ods er form d a th nk ihl g p a part, The debt of gr atitude lay next thei r hear t; ov e ow es to them the bolts w hichdreadfu fl J l y, And the bright lightni ng w hichillumes the sky ; ’ T o him the exchan e for libert the bore g y y , ’ Gif s d e in ear thconceal d k t e p , un nown before ; ’ N ow arm d w iththem he rei ns almi ht o e , g g y J v , ’ l r d men below and ds The o of , go above.
Cl mene ocean- born w ithbeauteous feet y , , , And het in the bands of Jap , w edlock meet; 770 ' Fr om w hose embrace a lori ous ofls rin ame g p g c , Atlas m a nanimous and r eatin fam g , g e, ’ M enuetius then w ithlas tin honours cr d , g own , ’ P rom eth us for his artifice reno n d e , w , And E i metheus ofuns teadfas t mind p , , ’ Lur d to ls o s and to th uture lind fa e j y , e f b , ’ W ho rashl w eak b soft tem tati ons mov d , y , y p , ' The bane and their nventors r o d of arts i p v ,
30 THE THEOGONY .
In th i on f e d visi o the sacr ifice, I nten n d i w is di g to ece ve greatJove the e, ‘ ’ He s tud d th fl the l ox s skin e eshin arge , n n A d bound the entrails withthe fatw ithi , ’ e is d N xt the w hite bones withar tful care d pos , ’ And in the candid fatfrom sightencloed The sire of w ho s w the cheat gods and men, a , Thus s f t k d it pok e expr essive o he dar ece . I s h un s h ts n thi di vision ow jut t e par . ’ ’ 0 a hets s f k in s the firs tin arts 1 J p on, o g Repr oachful spok e the god in council wise ; To w hom P rometheus ‘fnll of guile replies : O e r a st f ow ers divine Jov , the g e te o the p , ’ View the di i and the ch i ce be thine. vis on, o W il h s k e fr m a d eitful mind y e po o ec , ove s w h hts nor to his heart was blind J a his t oug , ; And t en od in w rathof s oul be an h the g , , g T man o plot misfortunes to his subject . ’ The lots s urve ’d he wi thhis hands embrac d 830 y , ' The parts w hichw er e in the w hite fatincas d ; ’ He saw th bones an r satcoufess d e , and ge ‘ U on his brow fo au er seiz d his breas t p , r g Hen e t th ds th odorous flames as ire c o e go e p ,
From the w hi te bones w hichfeed the sacred fire.
’ The loud- om ellin ove b a hets son c c p g J , y J p ’ Eura d to him in w or ds lik e these be un g , g
- ll t nd 0 ! w ho i n mal contri vance a ransce , ’ Thi ne ar thouwilt not et obdur ate end. ts y , , ’ S o s eternal wisdom full of ir e pok e the , , And from that hour denied the us e of fir e
To w ret h d en w ho ass on earththeir time c e m , p , M indful P metheus of th artful crime , r o , y ’ But Jove in vai n conceald the splendid flame ; The s f ct of i ortal fame on o Japh , mm
39 r un r ai ncoat .
A o s drones oppressi ve habi tants fhi ves,
O w e to the labour ofthe bees their li ves , W hos e w r i l s withthe da be n o k s a way y gu, And ne er h settin un v ends but wi t the g s , r w n lo F om flo er to flow er they rave, a d aded home Return to bui d th w hite the w arren com l e , b, W hile laz y the luxuri ous r ace remai n W ithin and of ir ils en o the ain , the to j y g ’ 80 w oman b the thunder er s hard de r ee , y c , A d he n n w retched man, ar e lik e t dro e and bee If an h l i in of edl s 0 m t e ge l ng cha w ock shun , 89 He fr om one evil to another runs ; ’ ’ He w hen his hairs are winter d o er w ith r , g ay, ’ W ill w ant a helpmate in the amicting day ; ’ An d i f ossessio s l e h ve bless life p n ar g a d his , He dies and r oves erha s the source of s trif , p p p e ; ’ A dis tant kindred far alla d in blood , y , Contend to mak e their doubtful titles good Or should be th s l mities to fl , e e ca a y, His honour li ht and oin the mutual tie p g , j ; And should the par tner of his bosom prove A chas te and rudent matron w orth love p , y ; Yethe w ould find thi s chaste this rudentw ife , p , ’ The hapless author of a chequer d life But should be w retched man ' a n m hembrace , y p , A s tubborn consor t of a stubborn race , ’ P oor h m er d sl ve how musthe dra the chain ! a p a , g ' ’ Hrs mind his br east his he rt o er char d w ith ain i , , a , g p W hat congregated w oes mus t he endur e ! W cure hat i lls on ills , w hichw ill admit no ! ’ The mni n l s e o pote ce of Jove in a l we e , W hom no eludes and w hathe w ills must be ne , ‘ N ot thou to none in urio s a hets son , j u, J p , Wi thall th wisd an e shun y om, could his g r
‘ .i l HE THEOGON T Y.
Gods who from ear th and heaven , , great rise, d end esc , To w hat m heart commands to s y peak , attend For vi ctor lon and em ire have w e s tro y g, p , ve, Long have ye battled in defence of Jove ; To w ar a ain in i n i le ur mi ht g , v c b yo g , And dare the Titans to the drcadfii l fight; Offriendshi strict obser ve the sacred cha p rms, B e that the cement of the gods in arms ; Grateful remember w hen in chains e la , y y, ’ From dark ness Jove redeem d ye to the day He s ok e and Cottus to the od r li p , g ep es : ene sir !i o n il i O v rable e n c uc w se, Who freed immor tals from a s tate of w oe , Of w hatyouutter w ell the truthw e k now Res cued from chains and dar k ness here we s tand, 0 s on of Saturn ! by thy pow erful band ; 961 N or w i ll w e k in the ra e of w ar decline , g, g , Till ow er indi s utable ow er is thi ne p , p p , ; T he ri ht of con uest shall confirm th s w a g q y y, And teachthe Ti tans w hom the mus t obe ’ y y . He ends : the rest as sent to w hathe says ; And the ods thank him w i t hthe voice of r g p aise. ’ He more than ever feels himself ins i r d p , ’ And his mi nd burns w i thlove of glory fir All r us hto battle w ithim etuous mi h p g t, And ods and oddesses rovok e the fi g g p ght. ’ T e r e that Rhea to h r r on h ac e lo d c ceiv d, ’ And the Ti tanic gods by Jove r ehev d Fr om E rebus w ho ther in bonda e la , e g y,
Ally thei r arms in this i mmortal day. chbr th r f rles s nflict s tands Ea o e , ea , the di re co , c r ears his fift heads h ndr ed hands Ea h y , and u ; The mi ht r ock s fr om their foundati ons tore y g y , A e a ns the Titans b r n d fier cely brav gai t o e.
36 r un r um ours.
And now the battliugi w inds their havoc make ; Thi ck w hir ls the s t du ; ear th, thyfoundati ons shake The arms of Jove thick a nd terr ific fiyx And blame and hollow throughthe trembling sk y ; W inds thunder li t , , ghnhg, through both armi es drove
Th i r s e cour e impemous, fr om the buds ofJove ; Loud and stu endous is the ra i n fi ht 1010 p g g g , And no ch r w ea war rio god exer ts his might.
Cottus and Briareus who - acorns to ield , , y , ‘ An d Gyges p antmg the the martial field; Foremost the l bours of th d i a e ay ncrease,
N or letthe horrors of the- battle cease : Fr om thei r strong hands three hundred rocks they
And oft re e oe , p ated, overwhelm the f ; ’ The fo d th Ti t t round y rc e tans deep benea h he g , Cas t fr om their ri d in s ad dur ce bound p de, an an Far from the surface of the earththey lie 1030 In chains as earthis distant f om t e sk , r h y ; Fr om earth the dis tance to the star r frame y , From ear th o T us to l om ar tar the s m e. g y , a Fr om the hi hheaven a brazen anvil cast g , N ine ni hts and da s in ra id w hirls wo uld last g y p , And reachthe earth the tenth w hence s tron l , , g y ’ hur l d, ’ The same the passage to tho infernal w or ld; T o Tar tarus w hicha br z en losure bounds ; a c , And w hose black entrance thr eefold night s un» r ounds , W itheart th ti ons 1040 h, y vasttbunda ’ And ther e the ocean s endless fountains roar
B cloud- li n e itans fell y compel g Jove th T , An ther i k i r d rk ess d l d e in thc , n ho rid a n w el
40 m s r um our.
His utterance sounds lik e gods in council full And now he bellows lik e the lordly bull : And now he r oar s like the s ter n beast that reigl Kin of the w oods and terror of the lains g , p ; And now s ur ris n be he e 11 , p i g to heard, y lps , ‘ Li k e fr om hs ever oice the lion s w hel s , i y v , p ; And now s l ud e ster mak , o o a noise th mon es , The lofties tmountain from its bas is shak es
’ n w l a And o Typhoeus had perp ex d the d y, ’ er s d h s And ov men and god usurp t e way, Had not the e f l monarchof the sk ies pow r u , O f en and eat ove the w ise m gods the sire, gr J , ’ e rl Agains t th foe his hottest vengeance hu d, ’ ‘ ’ Which blaz d and thunder d thr oughthe etlm
w orld ; 11. ss n f l Throughland and main the bolts red hi i g el , ‘ And thr oughold Ocean new li d the gates of He] ‘ T he alm O nod i ghty r is ing made lympi a , ’ And the th ve eful em thgroan d beneath e ng god. ‘ Hears e thr oughthe cerule mai n the thunder r oll Throuh w ln h the li htnin flew oth m g c g g , b en
’ tr olld ; Fir e caught the w inds whicho n their wi ngs they bore roar ' , [ , Fi ’ er ce. flame the earthand hes v n, the seas loud ‘ And beat w i thburning w aves the burning shor e The tumult of the gods was hear d ofitr How hard to lay thi s hurr icane of w ar ! Th ' l i ns e god w ho o er the dead inferna r e g , ’ E en Pluto tr embled in his dark domains : , ’ i - D re horror s ei ad the rebel Titan hand, I n Tar tar us w ho round thei r Saturn stand
But o his mi ht J ve at las t collected all g , ’ Wi t]: l btmn d n ti ider thr the fi ht. [ g g ar m , a d m g
4 m um o r 9 r “ .
n e fin A d rom dy to M they noue cs n d,
land in hr i s or l sho ‘ s On w i lw nd , nnkind y w r ,
B e hononn hes ps w i ths n imputi sl hs nd.
‘ d d a n rcvc The s irq fim w ht km w mm he ve i ld, Ar tful the matr on in himself 0011d From her i tw s s decr eed a rs ce shonld rise Tbat w ould usnrp the k ingdom of the skies : 1130 the i i n w i thher az ure And first v rg eyes, E ual in s tren th and as her father wise g g , , ' ‘ Is born the ofiit r in of the almi ht s brain , p g g y ‘ And Meti s by the god conceiv d again ; ’ d t rei n o e h en nd r th A son decree o g r eav a ea , ’ Had not the si re destr oyd the mighty bir th H ad the oddess in himself r eside e m e g , ’ T o be in every act the eternal guide. The Hours to Jove did lovely Themis bear E nnemi Dice and Irene fai r e, , ; ’ O er hum n ours th er ossess a lab ey the pow p , W iths eas ons k ind the frui ts of earthto bless
’ Sbe d a in by the thundering god concei v ga ,
44 m mus eum .
ono J , p ' And soon n v th co cei d, wi outthejoys oflove ’ Thee she produc d without the ai d ofJove.1281 Vulcan w h far i n r ar t e l , o eve y xce e Th gods who in celes ti al m iom d wefl.
T riton dread o ho mak es the sin- as r oar , g d, w g ; W ho d ells o ne ththe sn w in seats of g ld be a ail , W he hi tr re Neptune and fair Amp i te reign. T o Mars w i s w ithhis S thes , ho p erce pear hield, T er ror and Fear did Oytherea yield ; D ir e bro w ho n war iso s ther s, i d rder pen d, B reak th thi k h am incr eue e c p al , and fi e dead; The e ' y wait in very not their hi ther s ci l, By w hose strong ha nd the proudestoitis fl Harmoni s n m that immur tal bed a, prug fro , W Cadn i s l as to the scene of love by ed. Maia of Atlas born and mi ht ove , , g y J , J oin in the sacred bands of mutual lov e From w hom behold the lor ious Hermes use g , ’ A od renown d the herald of the sk g , ies . l Cadmean Simi le, a mor ta dame, ’ ave t the m t ! l e a chi ld f f G o al ighy ov o a lse, Bacchu from hom our cheerful s its flow s, w pir ,
M other and son alik e immortal now . The mighty Her cules Alcmens here o er r oar T the gr eat god w ho mak es the G and . b id Lame Vulcan made Aglaia fair his r e,
The oun es t ra e and to her bloomin ri de. y g g c, g p Bacchus m uous w ithhis olde nhai r , co pi c g , Thee Ar eds bem teous fai r iadne w , a , Fr om s s n w hom mi ht ove the sa a Mine prug, g y J g Allo fl e 18 w s to charm her lor d egnempt oss ag . 11 Gr eatHr les w ho w i thn isfor tunes s trove e cu , Lon i virtuous love g, s r ewar ded w itha » Hbe the b ri te of ndfrin e , gh r the thu g god, By his fair con oril Juno golden shod Thri c ' ln be e fr m hs toils to s ppy saf o i rise, And over young a god to grace the sk ies ? ' From the bri ht son and thee Perseis s rin g , , , p g ’ ' Fam d oils r in s Ci rce and B ates kin p g , , g . ' JEetes thee Id a led , boutaous y , , 16 20 D h ' aug ter of m ean, to the genial bed ; ' And w i ththJapplause of heuv n your loves w er e ’ crown d ’ Fr om whom . M M , a fair r enow n d All hail Ol m i aids h r n ine , y p an m , a mo ious N ,
Dauhters ofE is - bearin ove di vi e g g g J n , Forsak e h f t main t e land, orsak e he briny ,
The od an ' ss lestial g d godde es, ce train ; Ye Mus es immor tal thir recor d , each ’ Who dei n ' novel v id r a mor tal lord g to , ' In w hose iflmtri ous ofis prings all might trace The odlik r glor ious likeness of a g e ace. ’ ason an h throuhthe w orld renown d J , ere g , ’ Was withthe joyous love of Cer es crown d ; Their joys they acted in a ferti le soil ' OtCrete w hi thri re l m n’s toil , ch cehad bo thep ough a Of them was is Plums born, w ho spr eads h band; ’ Dis persing stealth o er all the sea and land
Happy the man who in his favour lives, Ri ches to him and l t o s h i e , al hei r j y , e g v s. Cadmus Hr onialov’d the fai r d oun a m , an y g, A f tf l dame from olden Vonus s run rui u , g p g ; le A thi r Inc and Simi , gave , ’ An he t th lover s care d t e, Ao onoii, y , Y tse s withhis comel hair ( oung Asi s u y ), She b d letes the r ace ore ; and P oly ora comp , Born in the wd h of Thebes, a stately place. 4 6 THE THI OGOI Y.
The brave Chr saor thee Calliroe led y , , , Dauh r f O n to the ni l bed g te o cea , ge a ; ' W hence Ger on s run erce wi th hl y p g, fi triple head ; s Whom Hercules laid breathless on the gr ound In E rythis w hichthe waves sur round ; B hi s str n h i ht iantslain y o g arm t e m g y g ,
The hero drove his oxen cross the main. T w o ro s s w to Tithonus bo yal on ere rn, Of thee ur ra odd s of the mom , A o , g e s ; Hemath n fro w hom and Memnon s io m pring, ’ K nown b his brazen helm w as Ethio s y p king. P re nant b Ce halus the oddess rov g y p g p es, A s on of highrenow n rewards their loves ; I n for l rs ofthe sk ies m ik e the possess o , Gr eat Phaiéth n w hom w ithdes irin e es o , g y Fai r Aphr odite view s m blooming days S he to her sacr ed face the youthconveys ; ’ I n i habitant di vine be there rema n d, ’ His s n i rd i ta k octurnal by the fa r o a n d. When Peleis hauht rince of w ide com , g y p mand, ’ Of muchth achiever w i than im i ous hand p , Su ss tt ndin his in rious mi d cce a e g ju n , ’ Gave the sw elld sails to fly before the w ind iEsonides s ch ods w er e th d es , u , g , y ecre ! The daughter of[ Eetes cross the seas ’ ‘ Rapd from her sire ; the her o mucheadur d ’ E re in his vessel he the fai r secur d Her to [ clone in her youthful pride ’ He bore n r ss d the charmin bride , a d the e poss e g ; ’ T o ason her s ous the lovel dame J , e p d, y ’ M edeus i elds led e of the monarchs flame y , p g ’ W hom Chir on ar tful by his precepts swey d Th ' us was the will ofmighty Jove obey d.
N OT E S °
s t s Ver . 1. I s m r ethr her esdhr m wb t ' said in the second s nd fourthsectieus
’ creed. The same noble w ri tcr has i n that di cours e elegantly show ed thc nccmsi ty and bun t of enthusim in poetry. V r A w called fi e . 2. mom taiuia ofim ol the Phoenician o M k or Malib u whit w rd , , Bcchs sg in his Chs O HE HE NOTES N T T OGUN Y.
k ch . 1 shows that B otia hoo s. ap 6, m u
Phoeni cian names and coloni es . Le Ch in sa s H entries, his Bo oties, y , elicon
the mountains in Greece, in the abun¢
vi rtues of thetrees whichgrow on it. B tells us itproduces no letiferous her bs 0
. us d Le Clerc both Ver . 5 Gre vi an d eri v fr this r ea ing, and d e om ado; the dusky colour of iron ; they lik ew ise s s fr om Homer and other oets 0 tance , p , bei the sea r i s and w ord ng used to , ver , w hich e ithet sa the the ex : by p , y y, y p
depthand plenty of the water. Pa sanias and z etaes f er I Ver . 8. u , T a t s s but ths ma roc d fro i t Tem e su , i y p ee e rad hich sa s Le l norance of th i x, w , y C Phoenician w or d pheer - meteo the late ’ ntai Th rivc o f whi chis apure fou n. e
foot of Helicon. Phuanician w ord sa s I Ver . 9. The , y i w ichs i nifies the eru ti on happhg ran, h g p tai n : the w ord being corr upted into I gave r is e to the story of the fountain of
Le Cler c.
Ver . to. The Phoenician w ord is
e s w eet w at r . Le Cler c.
r . The his tor i al and h si Ve 12 . c p y cs d i s her mention tati on of the e tie e ed, I ti ll I come to them "I the course ofthe
V r Sometranslate this assa e in. e . 22 . p g and Le Clerc chooses blandis : I w ou ’ m d have i tarched or bendin . l the , an g uroly favours my inter pretation of flux eye- br ow s arched into a ci r cle : a meta; m v u. E.
“ icon s on m a runononv .
Yer . 1 In m inter retation of the 90. y p genera tion of the eities I shall hiefl ha re r d , c y ve ga d to the phys ical meanings ; suchpassages as I leave unob s enved are w hat any reader w i thlittle trouble may clear to himself after he has seen m x lana , y e p ti ons
o f the mos tmaterial.
Ths fa l s s ord B con in his Wis i b e ( ay L a , dom of the Ancients s eak in of Heaven s eems to , p g ) con tain n n m of o r i i n of thin s no a e ig a the g g , t much di ffer ent fr om the truthof the di vine w ord w hich
tells us of a deformed matter before the work s of ’ h 313: s T th eterni t of confused t e day . o is y matter Milton alludes in the s eventhbook of his Paradise
Los t.
Far into Chaos, and the w or ld unborn.
V i is Phaed sa s the er . 1 1 Plat n h o 9 . o, , y , earth w as the s eatand foundati on of the gods uSai m -r w he calls them to s how thatthe ods w er e once re , g p
s erved w i th i ous men Tz etz . This is s t n p . ra ge philos ophy ; to imagine any beings to have a begi n n i n and et immutable and immortal fr om g, y their is e but i t is a ar ent that th oet firs t r ; pp , e p mak es
r re deall thin s even the ods . G m atte p ce g , g uietus e n x vers e to be su osi ti tious judges th e t pp . V T r t r us r h ll is said to be brou 1 4 . a a o e er . 9 , , ght ar th be use it is fei ned to be for thw iththe e , ca g in
the i nmos t recess es of the earth. The w or d Tar i an tar ahhtar tar us is deri ved fr om the Phoenic ahh, w chi s the Hebr ew and Arabi c tar ahls the radix of hi ,
w h i fies he created tr ouble. Le Cler c. ichs gni , is f le lludes to and enters into Ver . 196 . Th ab a ,
u seems to be the a . the cradle of nat re. Love ppe ite r s imulati on of the firstmatter or to s eak t , o t , ; , p noun 0. m TI N Y. 57 i m intell gihlyfi h n tusal m tiul of theatom.
Ven om. lt is righfly ohser n dfl ht darkness w m all tlll the sky w- ilhmined by the sun and the s tars ; an ther-d one broughtforthdar k
‘ d afl u w u a h darh us or nlfi tf the
su s h the aeeoant whid i lloses gives m . Le
Ven t“ . I believe the not
air, but is
- Le Ola e. So said to he the rents f a serenit pa o d y and y. V 0 A t t m t earth er . 2 6. ll tha he poet eans is, tln n i appeared before the firmame twhichsurrounds t. Similar to this is the descri ption Miltm gives of
the ofi prings of earth. — God sald. ’d now wam andc Be gather ye heam , a ’ lato one plaeeund lstdry land ppur. lmmedlstely the moaatalns hageappear W and thetr broad hare has h apha va
luto the elonds.
M 6.
' Let us now eousider the diflerenee betw ixtw r or m d W e; m u m n cy (whichI render the sea and the and why the sea is said to be nl from earth o y, and the ocean from earth and hea n That artofthe ocean is n r l r ve . p ge e al y ag eed to be lled se which tak es n ca a, a ame from any countr or ar ticular cir cumstance the ocean y p ; , B iederns Sicnlus tells us in his first b k m re , oo , co p i the i l hsnds, accord ng to opin on of the ancients, al
by such length of ti me from the ti rst inventa and seei ng the poeti eal embellishmen ts sineeadt to h m e bs t e , hve rendered thm more o cure; I of this l shall s peak more largely in my Discou
s trbe end.
Ver . 315 . The dis tinction whichTzetz es mal
betwixt Met rs K w hich I m u e m , ‘ Des tiny and Fate; is thi s ; one confirms the c
from the poetm kiug eveuthe gods subjectto ‘ Feta ma t m wfi ch w , t hey must be m N ES N HE H G N OT O T T EO O Y . immortaliz ed by human adoration ; butthe pass: whichPlutarch in his in uir afier God a , q y , g s from Plato will be ter reconcile this te s , t . Fa ( be) i s the etern al reason and law implanted in nature of e be n ev ry i g. Momus i s deit because he ani called a y, madw on the vi of men and ods b w h r ces both g , ut y s called the son of Night? Because cens ure z backbiti n s en l s read rivatel and g are g eral y p p y, in the dark . His name is fr om Moum or Mom , ’ t ni cian w ord for vice. Lucian, in his Asst bl of the es omus s k h s of h y Gods, mak M pea t u self: All kn o fre of m t n ue 3 ow me t be e y o g , that I conceal nothing ill done : 1 blab out cv! thin ’ g, &c. Le Clerc. The Hesperides are nymphs w hichare said watchthe golden fruit in the w estern par ts of ' w orld thi s tor l . Tzetz es thus interprets s y Hesperides are the nocturnal hours in w hi ch stars are in their lus tre b Hercules w ho is fei n ; y , g to have lu th n r ui t is meantt he s p ck ed e golde f , atwhose appearance the s tars cease to s hine. Nemesis is even e called the goddess of R g , the et molo of her me s s her ofii ce w h y gy na peak , ’ rs from n O r oet in i t ‘ see m, to rese t. u p , W r n o ks a dDa s r an s h r d t . y , k e withM o es y
Ver . 357. Nereus w hich in the Phcenic , ’ ton ue is nahar o er i to be the sor g , a ri v , is s a d the Sea becaus ri thei r ris e fr , e all vers tak e thence accordin t e O ini n f the oet. , g o th p o o p r eason erha s f hi ch he has this extrao , p p , or w nar chara ter i Theo n is becaus e he w y c n the go y, es teemed a ro t Cler p pheti c dei y. Le c. Thaumas is here made the son of the S ea
66 N OT” Ofl u: M ORE.
th n h r f havi i e mai ; C ryuo , rom his ng n his hn d ’ aw v a olden sw ord. Le Cler lls D xgw as p, g c te I ' that this fable 18 originally t nician ; he der i ves ’ the nam f us f -e o e o Perse rom plum ch , a hon ems n, nd r s a Chy aor from the Phe nician word chil l er, the ee ’ k per of fire. Ver 4 e s he oliast . 56. Som , ays t Sch , w ill have Geryon to s ignify time his three heads menuthe resent as t and the uture Er the is an island p , p , f ; y a i n he hs the ocean where k ept i her ds . Then ce. Le Cler c tells us that when Hrcules i n ad d , e v e the is w hich er ossessed h s land G yon p , e wa opposed b e e i habi n y thr e parti s w hich w ere n ta ts, and con ' quer ed them ; w hich explains his cutti ng ofi his
three heads . The same cr iti c afterw ards seems tr doubt this interpretati on ; he quotes Bochar t ti in prove that no oxen w ere Erythea, and that th i s land w as not producti ve of gr ass ; but I think heads fi urat vel eantfor arties t e are g i y m p , h her may as w ell he took for the men who compo: th s o e par ties .
Ver 46 2 . Orthus is the do of Ge t . g ryon w atch the rds hi h m e s ed he , w c ay b ome c ' ofli cer ; and his being mur dered in a gloomy t may signify the shameful retreat he made it r time of dange .
Ver 8 . berus Le Clerc derives fr om . 4 5 Cer , d ’ h Hd a h br osch havin man hea s. e r , g y T y , n e h ts abo t the lak e us , m ea s th in abi tan u I Juno may therefore signify the ear th w ho u e r d the Hyd a.
V - m ra i s from the Phteuici . hi tc er 4 97 . C
f M i r a/ rnc d it w as a vacuum“ s o c c, bu
on 3 m 68 ram s m a1 m .
The 31st verse in the ori i nal is commonl , g , y given thus
’ Koc arm r l r g ewr ote Nepa ": "3 a m .
i n which is tak en as an adjecti ve signifying car er- nose s n his ; but Mr . Robin on, i edition of Hes io ublishe since m translation of ou d, p d y r poet, r i htl u es f ur to he a ro er name and g y j dg em p p , uot s r odorus i ul q es a pas age f om Di S c m, and an other fr i in w hi h om Pausan as , c the den of the N ema'an lion is said to have been in the mountain Tretum t erefore h n f : r ead, h , e ce orward,
Km am v T m s a al ? ut w avm . e ea , N p m. a
17. Ser ents ar e often in fabulous h Vcr . 5 p is tory th s f immens v cons tituted guards of ing o e alue. T he ser pent Python kept the oracle at Delphi ; nd er ent is ma e to watch the ol en f a a s p d g d ruit.
W hat i s the moral of all this ? W hen w e are in.
s te w ith affairs of r ice and i ortan tru d p mp ce, w e
ou ht to beas vi i lant as ser ents . The w or g g p d a¢r; , ’ ’ a s er ent from ' O A to see and the t ni p , ofl p s, ; ’ h a s er ent is fr om b cian nahhasc , p , a ver in the ’ ua e to see. Le Cler c I m same lang g , . us t add to tlus explanati on ; the serpent being placed in a u the fr ui t en t rec as cave to g ard , d o es sec y, w ell s l a vigi ance. mment rs ave con lu 2 . The co ato h c e Vcr . 5 2 d d Hs i ater th n Homer m hi s namin e od l a , fr o g the chi ef r i ver in Egypt under the appellati on of the N ile w hi ch the sa was not so calle in the a s , , y y, d d y
o f Homer but E tns . Thi s ar ument cannot , gyp g i n t e “ fin p r evail w hen w e consider the w ord , h . “NM “ Q w hi ch sa s Cler c i s uuhlw l and ; , y Le , N ES E H ONY OT ON TH T N G .
Hebrew nahhal i ef r an , which s the common nam o y ’ r i ver : Hesi o therefore mi ht choose Nile r d, , g , xa for eminence i t bein the rinci al ri ver s foxm, ; g p p ; or for the same reason w hi o i el that , chis n t unl k y, Homer mi ht choose E t s because i t came g gyp u, more r il i th r thei r ead y nto e verse. But w hateve r easons w ere for choosing these differ ent names of the s m v o t rmine a e ri er , here is no foundati on t de e s o diflicult a point as the age of either of these m poets fro it.
Ver . 523. Al s s and has pheus i a r iver in Eli , somethi n more extraor n usanias in g di ary, says Pa , i tthan any other river ; i toften flow s under gr ound and break s out a ain Eri a ri ver sa s the g . danus , , y s cholias t of the Scelte r mon a ri ver in , . St y , h r ia ls ter in T race. Marauder, in Lydia or Ica . ,
us in ro . S c thia. h sis lchs es y P a , in Co i . Rh , T y
Athelous i n Acerai or IEt li essus in hrace. , a o a. N , T h n He R odius i n r . Haliacmon in Mace o . , T oy , d p ta orus G us s s ro Her mus ranic and IE a u in . p , , p , T y , in L ia S imois in r n us in hessal yd . T oy. Pe e , T y ; and some (says Tzetz es) say Granicus and Simoi s are in hess al i us in si S an arius in T y . Ca c , My a. g ,
U er r ia. La on in Ar ca i a this ri ver pp Phyg d , d ; ( says Pausanias) exceeds all the ri vers lll Greece for clearn s of ter . arth ni a hla onia. e s wa P e us , in P p g
E venus in ia r d s thia. Sca , JEtol . A escu, in Scy man er in r e f eth s and d , T oy. The daught rs o T y cean are l l nam esi ne s a s O , on y poeti ca es ; d g d, y the S h s t s v rs f less note than c olia , for lak e and ri e o the sons ntn e to have the . They are said , co i ues h , ° care of manki nd fr om their birth iow t affi x; W A oll b e m axi mum p o, ecause heat and moi stur mend ud men t cr efore and a ; j g g h , W r m the arents of th ec ofis f n I p r prmy o renow . h ere obser ve, tlt allas cannot bc the same her is a s e , who fl er war ds said to priug fr m th
of ove. Our o calls this a as onl am J p et P ll y, lat h T r oli o ter At ena and itogenia. The f e w s un v n a , hi ch tell u the winds spr g As us an r l shoul s ose s ur-I tm d Auora, d upp p because w c ar e told i n themme poem they s; from T a is ev e r ypb ms, w hich ry w ay ng ecah the physi cal sense ; w e must ther efore set them su osititious or oethas commi t! pp , the p v e ry great blnndet . See further in tho no ver . 1195.
stor es on Tue 73
’ ‘ f l he e s th t nt h that hm is sai o s u, a the desce w ich d
his s ns is t e ured t esecon o , said o hav devo them ; h d s h i n “ it r who r o de cribed y the re g Jup e , d ve ' ‘ 3 con tinual changes into l artarns ; by which is meant per turbation) Guin ea thinks ' we linq from ven ue to 767 snppositi tines . Ver 76 e o . 9 . Th will have Jsphet t be m e m omoasmm pos m m med Europe; ut si s l b , nce o many inter polati ons and fasehoods are mixed w iththe histo of nti ui t w e cannot ry a q y,
u t m u t in thr u the mo nntin A las ; which o n a , o gh ' traord a hei t seeme to r u heaven and in ry gh , d p op p , becauseit was a» in the wa g /where they iinagined 74 acr es o n w e T us oc onv . heaven alm s e his mo untain m o t m tthe earth. T ight have bad the name from the firs t r uler of the
eo le. enmtius is called l cont e p p M ucpm , um ’ lious or in uri ous w hi his a reeable to the x j , c g radi , ’ the C hal ean w or th heterr i e . B rt d d m o , fi d ocha , in his Ph l b o i h tells us th ue a e o c a ii . e tr g, k . p. , name of ro eth s w as Ma o w ho w as the s n P m eu g g, o of Japhet: he is said to have been bound to Can casus he settle n ar it and to have stole , becaus e d e ; fire fr n e use foun out the use om heave , b ca he d of these metals whichwere in the mines about Cau cas us IEs h lus uts thes or s into the m . c y p e w d outh of rometh us Who will sa he foun outbrass P e , y d , ’ i r on s ilver and ol before me i The et m l , , g d, y o ogy of Magog seems to favour the s tory of the vulture gnaw ing his li ver ; the Hebrew name is mung or
' ’ ma o w h his to w as te awa . The ra of g g , ic y dix Go is ‘ a im ro er g , he burned not n p p name for him h our th n ora. Le C w o w as enam ed w i Pa d lerc. T o these accounts I shall ad the follow m from , d g B ie er ns S ulus : The Nile under the ris d ic , ing of the Do - star at which time i t w as usuall ul g , y f l, over flowed the boun s and lai reat art ofE d , d g p gypt un r rometh us ho tr e to r de w ater . P e , w i d p eser ve the eo le b en eavourin to s to the flood di p p , y d g p , ed thr ouh ri ef because he coul notaccom lish s g g , d p hi
esi n . Hercules inure to labour and to o r d g , d , ve com di culties ste ed the current and tu e fii , pp , rned i t to the former ch nnel. his ave ris e am a T g , ong the Gre ets to the s tor of Hercules k l n ek po , y i li g the ea le h r e n theli ver of r ome g w hi c p yed o P theus . The n th ame of the river was then Ar ray, e Greek Wor f ’ d or an eagle. Since the Opinions of the learned ar e so var ious
' l o acr es on us e r ns oconv . f en f i s o li e : raud thei r g ius o var oujoys f f , they per plex themselves with intes tine fears and trouble s ome r efiecti ous whichar e enote b the a le , d d y e g gnaw i ng his liver w hile he is bound to the pillar of necessit : from the ni ht°the obtain some reli y g y ef, but rn t fr anxi wake in the mo ing o esh eties . Pro metheus v is tan e fr o H ues ha ing ass c m erc l , means for titu he is e ex lan de of mind . T same th p ation b Th y the Scholiast of the eagle. e poet goes fur ther than w hat Tz etz es and Lor d Bacon have ob ser ved : he mak es Hercules free Pr ometheus by the consent of Jupiter ; the meaning of w hich mus e t s ch series e not to e e t b , tha u mi ar b und r gone patiently w ithout divine aid to suppor t the s irits st r is n t t ho t s i p . This o y o ye wit u ob cur ties for Hesio calls Prometheus blame ess d “m atur e , l , hur tful to none and at the s ame time mak es him
' l i t r h p aying tr i cks w ith Jup e in is ofierings . I mus t here obser ve, that this fable is more cous is tent i n every par t as told in the W ork s and Days ; nor is it to on er t w e nsi bew d ed a , hen w co der that oem as thew ork of his ri er ear s w en his e i p p y , h g n us w as more se ate and his u m t more s l ’ d , j dg en etted. I shall conclude this note wi th an allusion w hi ch M i lton has in his escri ti on of Eve to the stor , d p , y of Pandora ; fr om w hichi t is evident he took the box of Pandora in the same sense w iththe for bid den fr ui nd as I ve lr obser ve in m t; a , ha a eady d y notes t th W ork s and Da s man have been o o e y , y f o i n t o The li n p ion thatbo harefrom one traditi n. es in Paradis e Los tar e these
as Mor e lovely than m s ana 0 \ m W e Endo W i thall their gift , k , s or es on wa s r us ooonv. 77
n o e’ unw In sad eventl) whe , t th iser son ! ’ 0 Japhet brought by Her mes, she ensnar d
Mankind wi thher fan looks. Book 4.
V er . 91 . Here be i ns the battle of the o s 6 g g d , w hichcon n r I e learne ti ues to ve . 1222 . n this th d ar e muchdivided concerning the intention of the et and f o w n e k his account of the po , r m he c he too
w ar . Som ma e it of E tian rise fr om the e i gin gyp , s to f w ho believe it ry o Typhon ; nor are they fe w , from the tradition of the battle of the angels ; but Tsetzes thinks it no other than a oeti cal descr i ‘ p p tion of a w ar of the elements : they are certainly wron w h nt l e do not g o think it e ire y from ei th r . I i n the leas tdoubt but the poethad aphys ical view i n some ass es and n some ar ti culars ma os p ag , i p y p sibl ha s r tio s fabulous y ve had a regard to ome ela n , or r eal of n i uths main esi n seems to , a tiquty ; b i d g have been that of r elati ng a w ar betw ixt s uper natural b n s an b rai sin his ima ination to ei g , d, y g g the utmost hei to res en tthe dreadfullest i eas ght, p d w hichthe human mind is capable of concei ving : and I believe I ma ventur e to sa s ome arts of y y, p this war arethe sublimestof the sublime poetry of the ancients f u o er ever . I anicer eye sho ld disc v y ar t of this w r e r l h si al w hi ch I p a to b enti e y p y c , thin im ossible I am un usti a le in m s u k p , yet j fi b y p posing his design to be that of r elating a w ar he twixt supernatural beings ; for w hile those parts of nature are othe s ias the cease to cl d in pro opope , y beparts ofnature till the allegory is unfolded ; our i eas therefore r to laced on the imme d , , a e be p iate h h are the ers ons 06 d objects of sense, w ic p s m cm the war as the d r tl r nt themes.“ e , y i ec y p ese ‘ntm ’r‘ e es i t . y t on: the des cr ipti on of the poe w or ds fio be med
i mages to the las t.
' affected wi th the grmdan' and ter ror with1 i ter r e h h i Jup ug s t e fig t. Ha vemeartlnthe o
an hell are all dis tubed as helbre b t the . d , r , u
ti onal terror, and the variation of the lang
mak e a new scene to the mind.
fl a i all One con agr t on seems to r ise on ,
And threatens Chaos w iththe general fall.
How elevated are these in the or igi nal ! the genius of man thi nk of a ny thing sublinu aint the hor r or of the da attende w i tht e p y, d h o f all the w inds and the w hi rli n of the , g Could he thi nk of might more adequate in
‘ so acn eour an: l llM I .
And in the an t b , boo , the anlvern l hfiunpaent A ahoat thd tore fl d t'am m d hq ead
m ini m um - tw i light.
V 0 his verse to ver 1 er . 1 30. m t . 134, the poet judiciously relievea the mind fi'om the up of i ad tlon f artarus t x t battle, w th m rip o T , S y , he. w ithan intent to a td thewar nnd mrptiae u wtth so s b e n e c mething more ulim tha w ould expect, after whathad pr eceded the aingle combatbetwixt ' u t hteue In the escri tion v J pi er and Typ . d p of h r tame Milton has man imitati ons of our oet: , y p
’d o’er Withearththy vaat foundation cover . Ha lal
Satan describing his realm, h lately heaven, and eart , another world. ' Hang o er my realm. Milton , book 2.
The cam eo there. and the lastllmlta lie O rth the barren f ea . main, the atarry thy,
And Tattern ; thereof all the fountain rise.
—' r- thh wild ahyu,
w o b of d e ha i her rave. The m nature, an p r p g
W e» , book 2.
whareheaven
W lthearthand oeean nteata. Beck i ».
afterwards
w and no , in little apnea, ’e The co nfines met or empyrean heav , hand hell And of thin wor ld , and on the lett . on m e T E EOGOS ' . 8x
l murs ha rm in fr ghtful mur play.
tk n to the kn ow ledge of them. The m is tich tlas ie made tO ro u the s A p p p heaeen , su not ui e tietns pposes gen n . ' ’ t h V 0 . or of St x t uis er . 1 82 Di e t y y , w i the p n h an d o s is chiefl eti wt of the g d , y po cal. hy this river be detestable to immortals know m g nnleu theythink i t a sad restraint to l deter-m l fi-em perjury : this has too him iet it therefore w e mus t it sc p y in , an her tur n as relatin to the oatlu of re men ; g g at , i n the same sense that death is ealled a foe to e s whi his m the ar s god , c fro grief e ome nes made to suffer for the dead: any hav en. e mo rtal 3 m for A nis n ets “ t ; 3 do , a d Th i !
chili es. V 13 T hcens and T hoon m b er . 1 6 . yp yp see to e ' fler ent persons (though some will have then; 7 es of one erson because T hmus is n 0 nam p ), yp o but e r ebels and is imme iatel oner born h , d y ss troyed : and Typhoon is made the Father of
e e erives the w or . any children . L Cl rc d d Ty oe an w o tw hon th w as fr om the Ph nici r d p , e f is t ir to overflow t ove tdix o which up , , o r a veral times . horn n e w th l cri tion of hi monst e poetica des p t s er . am in of rebellion he sa s because of the g , y , M evils w hichit br i ngs on princes and their sable i t is represented by the horrid image of Typho w s n e ea s are th i vi ed w s ho e hu dr d h d e d d po er , flaming jaw s incendious designs}
V r . 11 4 W ith w hat i nit i e 5 . d g y Jup ter sets for t his s ingle combat! heaven and earth trel i beneath him when he r ses in anger . Sin ik this s e is he se enthverse of the i pas ag , t v e ghte Psalm : Then the earthshook and trembled fo undations of the hills also moved and ’ s ha en cause e was w roth. k , be h Here are three ci r cums tances which on ] images above those in the former battles w inds bearin the fire on their w in s the g g , flamin from his hun re heads and the simi g d d , of th furnace e . Ver 1 In e I . 1 95. th w inds w hichare here
w a s the poet omits the east
’ M E! ON Tfl fi l m fi m .
‘ the wmfi of Loutm fi'om his M “
fable are to W y omt w n m m nm m m m w the first begetfing or impregm tion g but when
omb of their counci an w l, d ‘ to be brought forthr that then they sufier not their counci l to go thr ough wi th the resoiution ‘ directi on as it i tde nded on th m and pe e , but tak e i t appear to the w orld that the decrees and finnl ti ons w h aus the come forth direc ( hic , bec e y w i tl n e and ow er are r esemble b prude c p , d y Palla armed) pr oceeded fr om themselves ; and not onl fr om thei r authorit but the more to add r e ut y, , p tion to themse fr m t ei r hea and e lves, o h d d vi c s far Lo W t to ma e of th Thu rd Bacon. ha k e s th whom Jupiter destroyed before his bir , I lm m us eu m . 85
k Milton has judiciously applied thb image s ri in ' m the hend in p ng g fio of j ovc, to 8
i viu m accouut of hcr birth thur g g ,
M on s n dd l m , n lm ble pnh
icah ll n i e M fi i o the len dde opo bg w d ,
a hu ln M M connun-nce w ,
Ontol fiy hud l spr ug.
- i ter n u o Van 4239. Jup a d “ emb arc id t be l e uof the fl om the m n ofwfi chis fli e p r n ; a ing , poq jmfiee Nm me M or m h me su
ters and roves be on contra i ct n the mean , p , y d d io , y ° oo law s ri ht and w hch s e li tera g d , g , peace; i i th l cons truction of the n mes He r o u a assa e a . p d ces p g r un f om i n ar l m . 13 ere the n be P d , O y p , w h y ca d rs n er ense t w or s f the oet e tood in o oth s ; he d o p , n es H uno w ells w i th i English, are th e ere E mia d her safe f n i ons i ti es and si sters , Dica the oudat of c , l rana endowed w ith the same manners w ith the ther the r-s of ri es men he ol en o , dispose ch to t g d u t rs of T emis oo in counsel W e are to daghe h g d . 86 n on : ca m e r aman" .
notw ell admitof this constructi on w hich
M r . Robi nson m ak es bomt ,
i nclin ed to thin k the thr ee v erses here concern i ng the Fates spur i ous : I am sure they are ah s ur d.
Ver . 2 1 lai lendid Eu 1 5 . A a fr om a ao ; g yx g, phrosyne signifies j oy ; Thali a fr om balk uels ’ q .
Ver . 1257 . erse hone b the Lati ns calle P p , y d roser ina Le C e r es fr om the hoenici an P p , l rc de iv P ’ w or er isa houn n En li sh hid en fruit whi ch d p p , i g d , m eans the f i i te to the earth o ve r ut comm t d ; J , ther efore w hethe un ers t n him as the S n , r w e d a d r eme ein or h si call the ai r is ro erl p B g, p y y , p p y calle the father of ers e hone and Ceres her d P p , m other l to h h the ear th w hi . P u is t e eat i n , ch t esid c on tr i butes tow ar ds maturing the frui s . B es t Cam this i n ter r e ati on a s tor i s w e a s 3, p t , y
uno oi nin in love b ht J , j g , roug Vulcan ; than w hichreading nothing can u u his is fla rant i ns tan of abs rd. T a g ce d sauce of the transcribers : nor indeed at free from censur e w ho have had the care pr ess in the printed editi ons . The very h ollow oi nt tthe mistak e of w ichf , p ou ua:
? ta t u O d s-10 1 ) (am . w m 9 e 7.
She h u en eavours used er tm ost d , and cor ith r h s ’ or wh t id h w he uband, F a d s e with her hus band ? To bring forth wit ’ assistance as he did w ithouther Had , , i ntended to mak e Vulcan the son of Jn uno he w oul have lace him in the J , d p d Hebe Mars and Lui ut i s tea a , , c na ; b , n d lets the birthof Miner va (thoughhe h: t f accountof i be ore) inter vene, mat tl the res entment of Juno may immediat « f o r e r ead it 3 fi l m s : pwy
' 90 s or es on r at r n s ooonv .
r u i Ver . 1 s o of iter ss s 304 . The t y J p po es ng Alo mena n the sha e of her hus ban Am hi r n i p d p t yo , i s w ell known : Hercules physically s ignifies s trength and coura e w hi hare f ove g , c rom J .
Ver 30 . lc l i here hus . 1 6 Vu an and A a a are band i g an d w ife ; but Venus is made the consort of Vul c an b ther u Vul an h of artifi y o a thors . c , t e god eers i n fire and A lai one of the Graces are , g a, , ro erl oine a se b the hel of both all p p y j d ; bec u , y p , thatis m n s uh to rfe ti on Vul orna e tal i bro g t pe c . can is calle lame because fire cannots ubsistw ith d , outfuel hs e w r h ether but n . t o r ou to T e a e b g t g , o chil ren ar e born of th m w hich es not answ e d e , do r t he title of the generation of the gods therefore im r o er l i ntro uce in a oem un er that itle p p y d d p d t , as ar e the other pers ons w ho meet and do notpru at pag e. Ver 31 u s i r rie to Hebe tha . 1 2 . He le s ma r c d , t i s to eternal of r eat and lo , youth; the r eward g g n us n o acti o s .
Ver 1318. Ci rc n r ss i s ro erl . e, as an e chant e , p p y s ai to e a au hte f th S nd M e ea for d b d g r o e un ; a d , the same r eason is us tl eri v from the same , j y d ed s u o r ce.
W n to the las t V r . e re w ome rt e . 1332 a o c pa of the oem w her e o esses submit to the em p , g dd ‘ br ce m r tals ow r i iculous w oul these a s of o . H d d s tor es s w ere the to be un ers too i n the i eem, y d d v er le Suh ther efore an obser vati on I y tter ! c , , ( av e m a before as r main obs cur e to us w e h de ) e , mus ve of their ex lanati on t conclude to ha los t p , thr ough the length of time in which they have been an t e ti n of ason h ded dow n o us. The m e g J n Ceres in Crete lainl si nifies the lan be a d , p y g d
9 2 tron s o n w e m em o“ .
li tion t to e s , i would be needless giv the hi story
her e. Le Clerc.
Ver . 1380. E acrrs Achilles nd inens are , , a l , names w ell k n w n i n hs r and seem to be n o i to y, me ti oned only as the r eputed sons of goddesses by mortals w i u n h si cal vi w : which see , tho t a y p y e ms to be the end of introducin A rins h tinns a g g , , nd
other names . t Ver 1 l ta us i us to . 394 . Le C erc kes Na no be the nclinati on w hi h Ul sses had to lea e Cal so i c y v yp , and Naus ithous the ship in which he sailed from
her . both w or s in ee are ex ressive of s d , d d, p uch m eanin s but as man ers have h n me g , y p ons ad a s from their is osi i ons offices or some art cul r d p t , , p i a ci rcumstance of thei r i ves or names i ven them l , g s i ni cant of some ual t or em lo ent et not g fi q i y p ym , y a licabl th s s e e n pp e to o e w ho ar e o nam d, w are ot
. cer tam w hether t ese ar es i ne as real names . h e d g d
o r not.
Ver . 1403. l eo on T his conc udes the Th g y, as the oem now s tands fr i hita ears that p , om whc pp , the oet w r it or i nten e to w r te of w omen p , d d i , of r enow n : but s ucha w or k could not come under the title of the Theogony ; of w hich see fur ther i n the fifthsection of my Discourse on the W rit n s of Hesio i g d. DISCOURSE
ON m s
Tri mm er AND mr m om ov o r use Ans w ers.
In the following Discourse I shall confine myself to the Theology and Mythology of the ancient G r ee s show in their r i se and ro r ess w ith k , g p g , a view only to the Theogony of Hesiod ; intending n en i x to the not it but as a app d es . The Gree s oubtless eri e r eat ar t of k , d , d v d g p their religi on fr om the Egyptians : and though Her o otus tells us in one lace th t Hesio w ith d , p , a d, Homer was the firs t w ho a eo on , intr oduced Th g y amon the Gr ecians an th s o ve names g , d e fir t w h ga ’ the o s et he contra icts hat o inion i n his to g d , y d t p n ok w here he sa s M lam us seems to seco d bo , y , e p have learned the stories of Bacchus from Cadmus r i ans w hi h m ith him fr om and other Ty , c ca e w ’ oe ti H Phoenicia to the country now called B o a. e m s t er efore mean that Hes io and Homer w er e u th , d th ve t e o s oeti cal ress and e firs t who ga h g d a p d , w ho used them w ith mor e fr eedom i n their w r it e n ings than prec di g authors . Her otus Diodorus Si ulus and ausanias all od , c , P , mention Cadmus settlin in Boeotia and Egyptian g , I 58 r n s onoov s un ur r nonoov colonies in other parts of Greece; and Herodotl sa s ost all the names of the o s in r y , alm g d Gree were t to enfor ce which I h n from Egyp , ave tra lated the following accountfrom Diodorus Siculo W e learn from the Egyptians that many by n ture mo t l w er e honour e with immor it fc r a , d tal y their m n entions which ro wisdo , and i v p ved uset to man some of w hi chw ere kin s of E kind, g gyp and to such they gave the names of the celesti deities . heir rst rince was calle Hi fro T fi p d m , u the l n t f that name the s n. W e are to p a e o , that - or ulcan was the inventor of tin Htpaus og, V , t is e i for seein a tree on tha , th use of t: g tl s fr h n an he Woo mountain blasted om eave , d t d bur in he r ecei ve much comfor t fr om the heat b g, d , i ng then w inter : from this he fired some combs tible m er n rve the use of itatler wan att , a d prese d to men ; for w hi ch reason he was made r uler the is ronos or Saturn r ei n people. After th Ch , , g e w ho married his sis ter Rhea; of w hom five deiti e orn w hose n mes w ere sir is sis h w re b , a O , I ,Typ o A i s us n Is ollo A hro ite. Os i r is acch a p , p d , B d C r emeter sis as marrie to Osir e es , or D . I w d and t r she share the ominion ma e mar , af e d d , d dis coveries for the benefit of life ; she found tl us orn h rew before ne lecte in tl e of c , w ich g g d fields like other herbs ; and Osiris began to cul
f - of ese e vate the ruittrees . In remembrance th p s ri s e r w hich are no ons annual te w re dec eed, ' preser ved : in the tirno of harves t they ofier tl
fir - i d in o e he s t fruits of the corn to Is s , an v k Her m s in en rs the l re of thrc e v ted lette , and y chor s o i d o d ; the firs t instituted di vine w rshp, an drain i s ed sacr fices to the god .
96 r az or-00 ? AN » n vfl ms oéi voured to veil her shame ivi out that Si , by g ng mele eive b d ro ht f rth conc d y Jove, an b ug o acch Hence e us . men uh noranc B , partly thro g ig , s nd par tly thr ough the honour which they had for Or h nd con in de p eus, a fidence him, w ere ceived. Fr o s w e learn that ion m these passage , the relig d o s E w ere in art transla wi th m g d of gypt , p , ted the colonies into Gr eece; but they continued not l n n us ong without innovations a d alterati o s . Lin first sung the exploits ofthefirstBacchus or Osirh he oubtless too ll the tical libert th the , d , k a poe y a could wi thhis subject: O rpheus after him banish ed the rs t a h s fr m t theolo nd intro fi B cc u o he gy, a duced the sec n w itha li e to conceal the shame o d , f a ll e m n In short all the s tories o po ut d w o a . , h s w ich w ere told i n honour of those Egyptian , w ho h r e l o their untr w ere ad des e v d w e l f co y, ; w i t r o us htheir names a lie to othe ers ns . h , pp d p T , accor in to the his torian the ivine r he set d g , d O p us outw i thbri be e e i n r fl t r and l . y, at y, d us o Hesiod begi ns his Theogony w iththe firs t prin i le of he heathen s s tem a a s he c p t y , th t Ch o was t r nt of ll and Hea en an h a ts of pa e a , v d Ear t the p ren all is b h t He en h father sa s v i le things . T a av is t e , y lutar h in his n uir after God a ears from P c , I q y , pp his pour ing dow n the w aters w hich have the sper mati f l and E thth mother becaus she c acuty ; ar e , e br in s for h his c r in to the o inion of g t . T , ac o d g p lutar h and man re w as e ori i n of the P c , y mo , th g multi licit of o s men esteemin those bo ies p y g d , g d i n the heavens and n the earth from w hich the o , y r ecei ve en e ts of their d b efit, the immediate obj c grati tude and adorati on : the same w ere the mo 6! m m um 97 tine-lla m a m um s them to pay divine m es - m umen ; as we see iuthe ac
“ w h o m Diodorus. The design of the ” t utugive a eataloguc “Guns mi ths w bc ' ln esteemed as s h m ! M my sehse, achin t e ti e In whichhe li d whether amnion hh rical 01 ve , , to , ; but we Ill“ take nofiee; that ever a s r had rhe fivm fable or histor he to y y, it n “ U ls bour s t redad ng to nature, as in tha til- the m es : whst was hefore of mes n original a 's “ ma m to a prlnee, is readerec
glutby the gai ns of the poet. I M conclude thinkin it all that is furthen , ( g necess r to he sald and arti ul l on the M a y , p c ar y y thology) withthe follow ing translation from tllt probes of Lord Bacon to his treatise on the Wis
M of the Ancients. I am noti noranthow uncertain fiction is g , am how lia le to he wreste to this or thatsen ' b d se, no how e alentwitand iscourse ar so as pr v d e, ingeni on ly to apply suchmeanings as were not though of originally : but let not the follies and liceusc of aft- lessen thees teem due to parables ; for the would rofane and bol since reli i n eli ht: be p d, g o d g o s in archveils and shad w : but, reflecting on hu isdom I in enuousl confess m real o i man w , g y y p h s r and lle or w er e 0 om t t nion is , t atmy te y a g y il or iginal intended i n many fables of the ancien ts his a ears a t and cons icuous to me poe . T pp p p whether r avished w itha veneration for antiquity or because I find suchcoherence in the simllltlldt
s i ni e in the ve textur e o w ith the things g fi d, ry bl and in the ro r iet ofthe names w hicl the fa e, p p y are given to the per sons or actors in the (able VO H i L. . lation oflhistory ; hutwhere no such des igns : e ut he seem to be wh t no e m ud i n p ar , b t y a n l
r - relate the mus be calcula ed f gi ne ta . y t t oa otl W h a ction is t is o e too M tl uses . at fi h ! J y k fi i his wtfg and us soon as he perceived her mrem nee he hims elf concei ve and eather ; d, bran;
It arme fr om his he d . : d, p a ear more mons tr ous mo e hk e a r eam pp , r , d , re out of the course of thi than is : m o nki ng , th at
its elf. W hat has a r t w ei ht with in g ea g me, that many of thes e fables seem no t to he inven b those w ho h ve r ela thm Homer He y a ted e , , si
110 THE RAPE OF HELEN.
’ What time Haemonia s lofty mountains r ung W i thh meneal s on s fo eleus sun y g r P g, ’ Ofli cious Gan mede at ove s re ues t y , J q , S upplied w ithspar k ling w ine eachw elcome guest; ' ‘ And all the o s to l hetis’ nu tials came g d p , ’ S is ter of Am hit ite honour d dame p r , .
Ear th- shak i n e t ne left his az ure main g N p u , And J ove supreme for sook his starr y plain ’ P1om Hli n th dor s sh b o rs e co , w i o ou ru s e pr ead, ’ The Muse s tuneful choir Apollo led ‘ Him uno follow d w ife of soverei n ove J , g J ; W i thharmony the sm ili ng queen of Lo ve ' ’ Hasten d to join the gods of Chiren s festi ve r g ove. ’ ’ Cu id s full uiver o er her shoulder throw n p q ,
’ - P er s uas ion follow d witha bridal crow n .
Miner va thouh» to nu tial rites a foe , g p , C ’ am e ; but no helmet nodded o er her brow . ’ Diana to the nta r s ove r es r ts Ce u gr o , And for ‘ on d or e her r ur l s orts e ay f g ts a p . ’ Hi s loose lock s shak in as the z e h rs la d g p y p y , ’ N o t lon b hnd con vi v l Bacchu g e i ia s s tay d. ’ ’ W ar s od s w hen to Vulcan s dome he s ed g , a p , ’ N o s ear his h nd sns tai n d no cas ue his head p a , q , chn h t lan Su ow , w ithout is helme or his ce, ’ S milin he look d and led the br idal dance. g , ’ Butfr om these blis ul s cenes w as Dis cord war ud
’ P eleus r e ec ed her and Chi ron s corn d j t , As b the add s tun the heifer str a s y g y g, y Far fr om its fiel s thr ouhever dev ious maz e d , g y ’ ’ Thus s tun w i thenv Disc rd r oam d nor ceas d , g y, o , Her b n f r e feas t a e ul arts to inter uptth . ’ ( ) ft from her fiint e s e rushd amai n y b d h , The k in to h r seata ain n s tood, then sun e g
112 r un run 0 ? Hanan.
S how him on rize and ur e him to declare y p , g ' W hichof these goddesses he deems mos tfair n o all t l s i l r I w hom, f , his ma chess k l can t ace ’ The close archd eyebrow and the roundes tthee; O n sucha face w here bends the circli n how , g , ’ The olden a le beaut s r iz e bes t w ’ g pp , y p , o . ' Thus s ok e the si re : the willin son ob d p g ey , ' n th i r d it s c n e A d to e juge the de ie o v yd. Eachanxi ous fai r her charms to heighten tries, And d rt n lus from her s arklin es a ew tre p g ey . Her veil aside insidious Venus flung ; Loose fr om the clasp her fragr ant ringlets hung ; ’ e n i n cau ch ur l c m r ss d Sh the golden ls ea c o p e , ' ’ s d s Summon d her li ttle loves , and thu ad re s d : Behold m sons the hour of tr ial near ! 100 , y ,
Em brace m loves and bi d me banishfear . , y , ' T his da s ec si n w ill enhance m fame y d i o y , ’ ink i endless m e Cr own beauty s queen, or s n sha Doubti n I s tan to w hom the sw ai n ma sa g d, y y, ” Bear tho mos f ir the olden r iz e awa . u, t a , g p y ‘ ’ urs d as Gra e uno s fosterin hand N w each c by J g , And crowns and sceptr es shift at her command ’ n i s e m ttle field Mi erva d ctate in th e ba d , And heroes tremble w hen she shak es her shield Of ll oddesses that r ule above 110 a the g , Far most defenceless is the queen of Love ; W i thout or spear or shield mustVenus live ; e tres sh has none t And cr ow ns and sc p e o give. ’ Yetw h des ai r ? ThouhW ltll no faulchi on rac d y p g g , ’ Loves silk en chain surr ounds my s lender waist M ho thi estus this the dar t I flin y w s c , g, And w iththis cestus I infix my sting ; ’ ’ M sti d ew s the lover s ain y ng infix ren p , ’ An ir n uish butrevive a ain. d v gins la g , g
114 m RA M or ut ter ,
‘ Dhmiss thy feam nor w iththy floch l bidgg A m ’ ril mnst ighty contest l a decide. Haste“ ! W d l fior whose deci sion wfi! Tme W eh af xelesfial s tate :
li p; mar tial prow ess
K now I ossess it raise me o the ski a . , p ; p t ee fame r e or ts uissan states obe Th , p , p t y, ' And Troy s proud city ow ns thy sovereign sway ; He suffe in sons th con ue in ar shall shield r r g y q r g m , And stern Belloua s hall to Paris yield; m l he s uccour w i ll M nerva lend Co p y r i , ' ' r science an e Teachthee wa s , d in fightdef nd. Thus al as s trove to i fluenc the s w aiu P l n e , W hos e favour Juno thi s attempts to gain ‘ ’ Should s t thouW lth beauty s pr i z e my charms r w ar d e , ’ All As ias r ealms shall ow n thee for their lord. “ I M i l 0! m m . 115
a whatfrom hattlubutcontention s rin s ? p y, p g S nehoantestuhnn ; for wln tare wua to k ings ? Bu M h the n d of m ire m t M p y,
And tried eaehart ttbeaptivate the swain z) Acce tm boon thus s ok e thesmilin p y , ( p g dame) t l ’ Battles forge , and dread Be lonas name ’ ’ Beaut s r ichmeed atVenns hand recei y ve, ’ t rants And Asias w ide domain to y leave. t in o r The deathful tigh , thad f ams I fear ; ’ Can Venus hand direct the mar tial spear ? W w th eaut stoutesthe r s omen i b y a ts as ail, a t thei r bestdefence thei r s tron Be uy, , gest mail. refer do i ease to mart l str P mest c h ife, And to exploits of war a pleasing wife ’ T o r ealms extensive Helen s be refer d p , And scoff at k i n doms when o s ’ t g , ppo d o her . T h ri ze withenv S arta shall sur ve y p y p y, o to Paris tue the bridal l ’ And Tr y n ay. ’ The she herd w ho as tonishd s tood and mute p , , ’ Consi n d to Venus the Hes eri an fruit g p , h cl m of beaut an d the s our c T e ai y, e of w oes ; d e s fr om this deci sion r For ir e d bate ose. Uplifting in her hand the glow ing priz e ’ She rallied thus the vanquishd dei ti es To me e mar ti l dames the riz e r es i , y a , p gn ' eaut I cour t and beaut s riz e is mine B y , y p . 116 r un an : or m as s .
M other ofm ht Mar s and Vul ig y can too, ame sa s the choir ofGraces s F y , prung from you Yetdistant far this da our dauhters stru'd , y, y g y , And no one race a ear d to lend g pp youaid. ’ ’ ’ Mars too declin d to asserthis mother s ri ght, ‘ Thouhofthis brandishd sw orddecides the g fight. His boasted ames w h could not Vulcan fl y cas t, ’ And at one blue his mother s rivals blast? Vai n are th trium hs Pallas vai n th y p , , y scorn Thou notin wedlock nor a woman b rn , , o ” Q ’ Jove s teeming head the monstr ous birthcontains ' , ’ ' An the bar bd iron r i d thee f d pp rom his brai ns . ’ ’ B reed withthe un ieldin laits ofr uthless ma l y g p i , She curs es Cupid and the silken veil nnubial bliss and concord she h o Co a h rs , I n c rd lo es nd deli h i dis o g ri , a g ts n w ars . Ye n w i o not in feats of r s tk o , v n g , a m T m hw ea w omen butin e ut 's a riu p k , b a y ch rms N or men nor w omen are those mon rels g base, ke ou e ui v cal in form and fac ’ Li y , q o e. 239 In terms lik e these the laughter - loving queen ' ‘ Rallied her rivals an d w orm s d thei r s leen , p , ’ s liftin hi h she view d w i thsec o A , g g , retj y ’ Her beaut s trium hs and the bane o r y p , fT oy Ins ir’d withlove for her the fai r unknow n p , , ’ B beaut s con uerin ueen ronounc d his o n y y q g q p w , ’ I ll- tinted Paris to the fores ts maze
' ’ ll s ariou s M en vers d in Pa a v s arts convey . ’ A l mand th i t Per ic es com ey g ve the blow , And lay the glories of the fores tlow ’ ’ He artis t m d his frantic o d , fa , prince bey , ’ And burd d ean w iththe shi s m de en oc p he a . ’ ’ From Idas summits r ushd the d rin sw ain mai n a g , [ ’ And to its bowery shades prefer d the boisterous
To m e fi'oq ihyi 's rq s b yuthhaM
Still the contc e h , as god mpht sfi oot ufi ' Now Priam’s son befor e Atrides’ dome ’ Exalting stood in beauty s purple bloom. N ele b o e's r s w on ot Sem , y J v ca esse , ’ On Jove bes tow d so beautiful a son m Ba ch se 8 (For give e, c us , ed of Jove 11t rless races r oun his erson be m Suchpee g d p a . ’ ch’ fair Helen s h nd t e bolts rece T ou d by a , h ’ She to the spacious hall repair d w iths peed Her form distinct the’ unfolded por tals show ’ l ’d she onder d an a ain w ithdrew She ook , p , d g radian t s de hm res Then on a t sea he ba i t, ’ And stilli nsatiate z d u on her ues t. , , ga p g Aw hile she lik ens him i n graceful mien
T o Love attenda t n th ueen. , n o e Cyprian q B at s t ve she recollects a ain ti no Lo , g ; N or bow nor qui ver deck thi s gahantm ain eus e: (If n ei uii 119 h .
» Bacchus sum tii e 6d of i she said fr , g w ne, ;
' ' For o a his cheek s a rosy bloom is spread. D in lt len th r faultcr n voice to raise ar g g hc i g , ’ She thus expr ess d her w onder and her praise Whence a tthou s tran er ? w hence th comel r , g y y Th countr tell m and th natal l y y e, y pace la thee l marhtlie majes ty of kings : But not fr om Greece thy lofty lineage springs ; N ot sandy Pyle thine origin can show ; ' ‘ u es t r s I know not thee tho hN o son I k ow . , g n e s rain‘ n Phthia, the nurs of heroe , t d otthere; ' re l ai For know n a al the E acid to me, ’ Peleus and Telamon renown d in ti ht , g , ’ u s ’ ’ o Achi lles mi t. P atroclus c rte y, gh ’ s lr d lo e thua s oke the ent In p by v , p g le dame ; ’ And hegtiiuS answ ei -ingmann d the risi ng tlame ‘ ‘ If eer rebordin fame i llustrious maid g , , 338 ’ Hathto thine ear reat [ lions atone on e ’d g c v y , Ilioi i whose walls on Pli r i m frontiers smnd , yg , ' ’ ' ’ Kear aby Apollo s and by Neptunes hand ; ‘ Him i f thouknow st mosto ulent of k in s , p g , ’ ’ t reigns o er momend flum Satnr usprings ; I to hereditary w orthaspi re; ’ The w ealthy Pr is m is my honour d sir e: My highdescentfrom Dardanus I prove And ancient Dardanns descends from o J ve.
Aud mix withmortals i n the social rit‘e Neptune and Phc bus thus for sook the sphere Firm on its base my nati ve Troy to r ear : B ut k now on three fair oddesses of late , g , , ’ ’ Sentence I ass d and clos d the lon deb p , g ate. On Venus w ho w ithcharms suer ior shone , p , ’ ’ I lavishd raises d confer d m boon p , an y .
192 'm e tur n or n uns ;
‘ Or to some k indred s tream erchance she s s p tray , ’ Bathes 1n Eur otas s tr eams nd roun its mar in , a d g ’ playm ’ W h talk e thus ? the nsi ve maul re lies y y pe p , The teats of anguishtrickling from her eyes, She k now s eachrosea r eachvale andhill te bowe , S he k n w s th w indin ri ll o e cours e of every g . The stars are s et; on r ugged r ock s she li es ‘ T e r h s tars are np ; nor does my mothe rise. W hathills w hat dales th devious s te s detain ? , y p Hathsome r elentless beast my mother s lain ? B e h r st r o ut b as ts , w hi chlawless round t e fo e ve, Revere the s ac r en of ove red p og y J . ’ ’ O r artthoufalln from somes teepmountai n s br o w , ’ Thy come conceald in dreary dells below ? B ut throuh the rov s with thick est folia e g g e , g ’ crow n d, e ’ r oun B neatheachshri velld leafthat s trew s the g d, Ass i duous have I sought thy curs e in v ain 440 i n 7 W hy should w e then the guiltless grove arr a g . ’ But have Eur tas streams w hichr a id flow o , p , ’ O er w helmed thee bathin in i ts dee s below ? , g, p Yet 1n the d s belo ai ads li ve eep w the N , ’ And they to w omank ind protecti on give. ‘ Thus s ok eshe s orrow in and reclin d her head p g, , ’ And slee in m d n le w iththe dead , p g, see to mi g , ’ For l s t w ears S eep hi s elder br other s a pec , ’ Lies mute lik e him and un sturbd b car es , di y ’ Hence the sw oln e es of females dee distress d y , p ,
Oft w hen the tear is tri ck lin sink to rest. 4 51 , g, I n thi s delusi ve dream the sleeping maid ’ Her mother saw or th h s e saw or tra d. , oug t h , p y ’ ’ Aloud she shri ek d dis t cte and amaz d , ra d , ’ d And utter d thus her anguishas she pai 4 M " 0 "am . 1 ‘ ar t ' uhter fled lastnightfi distan fl om your da g , ’ Toulefi me slamberiug iumy fi thes s bed. Whatchngerous stseps havenotl stroveto gai n ? ‘ ’ ‘ ’ And strolld o er hilhand dales tor theo in r ain ? me ’ e li nd ri n dame (30a not, r p ed thewa e g ' ‘ s 6 Pity my suflefingg nor augmd nmy hame. 4 1 M t uil’d e, yesterday, a lawless gues beg , And distanttore me from my darling AtCytherea’s ughcommand I r ove ; ’ And onee mons revel in the walks of love. She said : her voice the sleeping maid alarms ; She springs to clasp her mother in her arms . In r ain : no mother meets her wistful eyes ; And now her tears redouble and her cries : Y f he i ht e eat ry race, inhabitants of l g , ' To Crete s tum’d isle directyour rapid flight There to m ’ roclaim y sire the unw elcome truthp , How esterda de er te r ant came y y a sp a vag ,
Tore all he dotes on from his bridal bed, ’ And withhis beauteous queen abruptly fled. The res tless f r m e a n air , he other to r g i , t ’ Thus o the winds bewaild and wept in vai n. The Thr ’ ir ew acian town di mi nishd from the vi , ’ ‘ And fleet o er Helles s traitthe vessel flew Th bride roo d ried 4 80 e g m now his natal coast esc , to th e And e Trojan port conducts his brid .
Cassandra from her tower beheld them sail, And tor e her lock s and renther olden vei l , g B t os i le h te u h p tab T r oy unbars er ga ,
Recei ves her citizen and seals her fate. , N OTE S
THE RAPE OF HELEN.
' ‘ Cow 'r nus c opotr r a a l heban oet fled? s, ; rished in th or nast s i e reign of the emper a as, about five h He is s aid undred years afl er Christ. to have been the author of sever al poems ; none ' of w hich have come down to m ei cePt thi’i h w ichin many passages is cor rupt and mutilated ; Ther e is an excellent edition of this poem by Lenne i on of i t b p. There is also an old translat y Si r Edwar d Sherbur ne ; to whom I ack nowledge myself indebted for some of his us eful annota
tions . Did the 1nser t1on of this little poem s tand is? need of an a olo i mi t be madeb obser v p gy, t gh y i n th t the oems ar e not g, a subjects of the two p w holl diss is celebr ated the y imilar . In the one ra e f of Helen p o Medea, in the other the r ape t s r w o events of equal celebri ty in ancient to y. O n the ti tle of this m Sir Edward Sher poe , burne mak es the following not unpleasant re m r ark The w or d r ape mus t uotbe tak en in the ' common acceptati on of the expres sion : for Paris ‘ was mor e courtly than to ofler , and Helen more
’ un n a ' uneous s E v i ta To r c a r on .
’ S our ce of light! thoubid st the sun On his burning axler un ; Th r und him fl e stars lik e dust a o y,
And s trew the ar ea of the sky.
‘ He drives s o sw ifi his r ace above, ’ M ortals can tper ceive him move : 80 s hhis course obli ue or strai ht moot , q g , O s es ot w ithhis w ei ht lympus hak n g . And as the queen of solemn night a of li ht Fills t his vase the orb g , Impar ted lustre : thus w e see The solar vir tue shines by thee.
’ Ei r esi one w ell no more, Ima in ’r ador e g ary pow , ; Since oil ol nd cheerful w in , and w o , a e,
And lif - are thin e sustaining bread e.
Th herba e 0 r eatPan susta ns y g , g , i The flock s that graz e our Atti c plains ’ The oli ve withfresh r dure cr o d , ve wn , Rises pregnantfrom the gr ound ; At th c d i sh and s s y omman t oots pri ng , And o s lessin s r n s a th uand b g b i g . Min r a nl is h mind e v , o y t y , W is m n nt to m nk ind do , a d bou y a . The fra rant th me the bloomin rose g y , g , Herb and fl w er and shru at r ow s o , b th g ’ On Thessalian Tem e s lain p p , n Or where the r ichSabeans reig , Tha tr t h taste r smell or si ht t ea t e , o , g , ’ For food for med cine or deli ht , , g Planted th a ent care by y p r ,
S rin an le shthere. p g, d smi , and flouri