Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Review Efforts to Identify and Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Uganda: A Systematic Review Mark Tefero Kivumbi 1 and Claire J. Standley 2,* 1 School of Biosecurity, Biotechnical and Laboratory Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
[email protected] 2 Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +1-202-290-0451 Abstract: The global burden of antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality in our communities. The spread of antimicrobial resistance in the environment and de- velopment of resistant microbes is a challenge to the control of antimicrobial resistance. Approaches, such as antimicrobial stewardship programmes and enhanced surveillance, have been devised to curb its spread. However, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries, the overall extent of antimicrobial resistance and knowledge on ongoing surveillance, stewardship or investigation efforts, are often poorly understood. This study aimed to look at the efforts that have been undertaken to detect and combat antimicrobial resistance in Uganda as a means of establishing an overview of the situation, to help inform future decisions. We conducted a systematic literature review of the PubMed database to assess these efforts. A search combining keywords associated with antimicrobial resistance were used to find relevant studies between 1995 and 2020 on surveillance of antimicro- bial resistance in Uganda, and susceptibility of microbes to different drugs. The search yielded 430 records, 163 of which met the inclusion criteria for analysis. The studies were categorized accord- Citation: Kivumbi, M.T.; Standley, ing to country and region, the type of antimicrobial resistance, context of the study, study design C.J.