DOCSLIB.ORG

Balistički Hibridni Nanokompozitni Materijali Ojačani Neorganskim Fulerenima

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Balistički Hibridni Nanokompozitni Materijali Ojačani Neorganskim Fulerenima UNIVERZITET U BEOGRADU TEHNOLOŠKO-METALURŠKI FAKULTET Danica M. Simić BALISTIČKI HIBRIDNI NANOKOMPOZITNI MATERIJALI OJAČANI NEORGANSKIM FULERENIMA Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2017. UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY AND METALLURGY Danica M. Simić BALLISTIC HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS REINFORCED WITH INORGANIC FULLERENES Doctoral disertation Belgrade, 2017 MENTOR: ____________________________________ dr Petar Uskoković, redovni profesor, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet ČLANOVI KOMISIJE: ________________________________ dr Vesna Radojević, redovni profesor, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet _________________________________ dr Aleksandar Kojović, vanredni profesor, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet _________________________________ dr Dušica Stojanović, viši naučni saradnik, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet ________________________________ dr Zijah Burzić, naučni savetnik, Vojnotehnički institut u Beogradu Datum odbrane: Potpis doktoranda: __________________ __________________________ Danica Simić, dipl.inž. tehnologije ZAHVALNICA Želela bih da izrazim zahvalnost mentoru, prof. dr Petru Uskokoviću, na svesrdno ukazanoj podršci i pomoći prilikom izrade disertacije. Posebno se zahvaljujem višem naučnom saradniku Katedre za konstrukcione i specijalne materijale, dr Dušici Stojanović na podršci, pomoći i korisnim savetima koje mi je pružala tokom planiranja i realizacije eksperimentalnih ispitivanja, kao i tokom pisanja naučnih radova i ove disertacije. Neizmernu zahvalnost dugujem pokojnom profesoru, mentoru i uzoru, dr Radoslavu Aleksiću, koji je vodio izradu ove disertacije u njenom prvom delu i koji je njen idejni tvorac, kao i svom pokojnom ocu, koji me je uvek podsticao da težim ka uspehu i ka boljim rezultatima, a koga bi ova disertacija učinila najsrećnijim čovekom. Zahvalna sam na pomoći i savetima gospodinu Nenadu Ćakiću iz kompanije ''Aleks Armor'' i gospodinu Dušku Vasiliću iz kompanije ''Proizvodnja Mile Dragić''. Ova doktorska disertacija nastala je kao rezultat višegodišnjeg istraživanja na Katedri za konstrukcione i specijalne materijale Tehnološko-metalurškog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu i u laboratorijama Vojnotehničkog instituta. Vojnotehničkom institutu, načelniku Sektora za materijale i zaštitu, naučnom savetniku dr Zijahu Burziću, i Upravi za odbrambene tehnologije Ministarstva odbrane Republike Srbije zahvaljujem se na obezbeđenim sredstvima za realizaciju disertacije. Zahvalnost za pomoć u izvođenju eksperimentalnih ispitivanja dugujem dr Aleksandru Kojoviću, vanrednom profesoru Tehnološko-metalurškog fakulteta, dr Miloradu Zriliću, profesoru u penziji, kao i svojim dragim kolegama iz Vojnotehničkog instituta: docentu dr Saši Brziću, Ljubici Totovski, docentu dr Igoru Radisavljeviću, Mirjani Dimić, Nataši Karišik, Bojani Fidanovski, Ristović Novici, Zorić Bojanu, mr Jeli Galović, Spasov Toši, Bogosavljević Marici, Sirovatka Radoslavu i Mišković Katarini. Ostalim kolegama, pretpostavljenima, svojoj majci, prijateljima, i svim dragim ljudima se zahvaljujem na podršci koju su mi pružili tokom izrade disertacije. Danica Simić i Balistički hibridni nanokompozitni materijali ojačani neorganskim fulerenima Rezime U sredstvima lične balističke zaštite koriste se kompozitni materijali na bazi tkanina velike žilavosti i zatezne čvrstoće, poput aramidnih tkanina impregnisanih polimernim vezivom, uglavnom nekim termoplastičnim ili termoumrežavajućim polimerom. Kompoziti sa nanočestičnim puniocima su perspektivni materijali širokog spektra primene, koji objedinjuju svojstva i prednosti matrice (polimera) i punilaca. Tendencija je da se i u balističkim kompozitnim sistemima postigne maksimum ojačanja, i to uvođenjem nanočestica različitih svojstava i strukture. U ovoj disertaciji ispitana je mogućnost izrade hibridnog nanokompozitnog materijala poboljšane termo-mehaničke i balističke otpornosti, primenom neorganskih fulerenskih nanostruktura volfram disulfida (IF-WS2) i njegovih višeslojnih nanocevi (INT-WS2) kao ojačanja u poli(vinil butiralu), PVB, kojim je impregnisana aramidna tkanina. U različitim istraživanjima u svetu potvrđeno je da upotreba neorganskih nanočestica fulerenske strukture u organsko-neorganskim hibridnim kompozitnim materijalima pruža mogućnost poboljšanja termičkih, mehaničkih, i triboloških svojstava konvencionalnih kompozita. Izradi kompozitnih uzoraka prethodila je detaljna analiza tehnološke procesibilnosti i kompatibilnosti komponenata i materijala korišćenih u istraživanju. Ispitan je efekat upotrebe različitih rastvarača u pripremi nanokompozitnih filmova PVB/IF-WS2 na termo-mehaničko ponašanje rezultujućeg materijala. Tri tipa PVB praha, odnosno tri različite molekulske mase, najpre je rastvarano u različitim organskim rastvaračima, a nakon otparavanja rastvarača dobijenim uzorcima u vidu tankog filma diferencijalnom skenirajućom kalorimetrijom (DSC) određena je temperatura ostakljivanja (Tg) i to pri različitim režimima zagrevanja uzoraka. Nakon što je na ovaj način odabrana optimalna molekulska masa PVB i režim analize DSC, pristupilo se ispitivanju efekta dodatka nanočestica i njihove koncentracije na svojstva materijala. PVB optimalnog kvaliteta je rastvaran u etanolu, 2-propanolu, n-butanolu, 3- metilbutanolu, etilacetatu i metiletilketonu. IF-WS2 nanočestice su inkorporirane u ii rastvore PVB različitim tehnikama deaglomeracije i disperzije, i ponovo su izrađeni uzorci u obliku tankog filma, koji su podvrgnuti analizi DSC, nanoindentacije, tribološkim ispitivanjima, SEM mikroskopiji, EDS analizi. Kada se stekao uvid u kvalitet uzoraka dobijenih različitim tehnikama disperzije i deaglomeracije nanočestičnog punioca i u efekat rastvarača na svojstva kompozitnih filmova, u odabranim optimalnim rastvaračima je ispitana raspodela veličine nanočestica i kompatibilnost PVB i nanočestica mikrokalorimetrijskom analizom. Primenom dinamičko mehaničko termičke analize (DMTA) ispitana su termo-mehanička svojstva filmova pri dinamičkom opterećenju, prateći modul sačuvane energije, modul izgubljene energije, kao i mehanički faktor gubitaka u funkciji temperature. Stekavši jasnu sliku o uticaju koji nanočestice imaju na PVB, nakon ove podrobne preliminarne analize pristupilo se izradi makroskopskih uzoraka laminiranih kompozitnih struktura koje čine presovani slojevi aramidne tkanine, odnosno preprega aramidne tkanine s fenolformaldehidnom smolom, impregnisani sistemom PVB/rastvarač/IF-WS2/INT- WS2. Definisani su parametri procesiranja: temperatura, pritisak i vreme presovanja na hidrauličnoj presi, kako bi se formirali kvalitetni laminirani kompozitni uzorci za dalja ispitivanja. Kvalitet impregnacije aramidne tkanine sa PVB/WS2, kao i disperzija i deaglomeracija nanočestica u PVB matrici analizirani su pomoću skenirajućeg elektronskog mikroskopa (SEM). FTIR analizom potvrđeno je da nema hemijske reakcije između WS2 i PVB, a potvrđena je hemijska reakcija između fenolformaldehidne smole i PVB. Uticaj prisutnih nanočestica i nanocevi volfram disulfida na mehaničke karakteristike kompozita ispitan je na DMTA uredjaju, Šarpijevom klatnu i univerzalnoj kidalici. Karakteristike određene ovim metodama su modul sačuvane energije, modul izgubljene energije i mehanički faktor gubitaka u funkciji temperature i frekvencije naprezanja, prividna energija aktivacije, udarna žilavost, zatezna čvrstoća, modul elastičnosti. Na kraju, balistička ispitivanja uspešno su sprovedena: pripremljeni kompoziti su testirani gađanjem sa dva različita kalibra, u skladu sa standardom NIJ 0101.06, a testirana je i otpornost na ubod nožem prema standardu NIJ 0115.00. Potvrđen je ojačavajući efekat ispitivanih nanočestičnih punilaca. Pokazalo se da IF-WS2 i INT-WS2 imaju povoljan uticaj na termo-mehaničku i balističku otpornost dobijenih kompozitnih materijala, što otvara mogućnost njihove iii primene kako u materijalima za balističku zaštitu, tako i u drugim oblastima, u kompleksnim sistemima gde su potrebne izuzetne performanse. Ključne reči: Nanokompoziti, balistička zaštita, poli(vinil butiral), fulerenske nanočestice, nanocevi, volfram disulfid, termo-mehanicka otpornost, hibridni kompoziti Naučna oblast: Tehnološko inženjerstvo Uža naučna oblast: Inženjerstvo materijala iv Ballistic hybrid nanocomposite materials reinforced with inorganic fullerenes Abstract In the means of personal ballistic protection, composite materials based on fabric of high toughness and tensile strength are used, such as aramid fabrics, impregnated with polymeric binder, mainly some thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer. Composites with nanoparticle fillers are promising materials for a wide range of applications, which combine the properties and benefits of matrix (polymer) and fillers. There is also a tendency in ballistic composite systems to achieve maximum reinforcement by introducing nanoparticles of different properties and structures. In this thesis a possibility is investigated of making hybrid nanocomposite materials of improved thermo-mechanical and ballistic resistance, with the application of inorganic fullerene-like nanostructures of tungstendisulfide (IF-WS2) and its multi- layer nanotubes (INT-WS2) as the reinforcement in the poly (vinyl butyral), PVB, as impregnation on aramid fabric. Various studies in the world have confirmed that the use of inorganic nanoparticles of a fullerene structure in organic-inorganic hybrid composite materials provides the possibility of improving the thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Semi-Historical Arms and Armor the Following Are Some Notes About The
    Semi-Historical Arms and Armor The following are some notes about the weapons and armor tables in D&D 5th edition, as they pertain to their relationship to modern understandings of historical arms and armor. In general, 5th edition is far more accurate to ancient and medieval sources regarding these topics than prior editions, but for the sake of balance and ease of play without the onerous restrictions of reality, there are still some expected incongruences. This article attempts to explain some particular facets about the use of arms and armor throughout our long, shared history, and to offer some suggestions (imbalanced as they may be) on how such items would have been used in particular times and places. A note on generalities: One of the best things 5th edition offers in these tables is the generalization of particular weapons and armor compared to prior editions. Is there a significant, functional difference between a half-sword, arming sword, backsword, wakizashi, tulwar, or any other various forms of predominately one-handed pokey and slashy things with 13 inch, sometimes 14 or 20 or even 30 inch blades? Well, actually yes, but that level of discrimination is often not noticeable in the granularity of the combat mechanics of most systems, and, more importantly, how modern readers often distinguish them is often anachronistic. For instance, almost all straight sword-like weapons, be it arming swords, half-swords, back swords, longswords or even great swords like claymores (but not Messers!) are referred to in ancient and medieval texts (MS I.33, Liberi, etc) as… swords.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Roman Army Free
    FREE THE LATE ROMAN ARMY PDF Gabriele Esposito | 150 pages | 07 Jul 2016 | Winged Hussar Publishing | 9780996365796 | English | United States Roman army of the late Republic - Wikipedia By Steven Wills. It offers significant lessons in how not to manage the army of a great power. Cutting the retirement benefits of a small professional force in favor of smaller taxes for the elite and greater benefits for the masses served only to weaken the desire of Roman citizens to serve. When the Roman citizenry would not join in the numbers required to protect the Empire, Roman elites turned to conscription, which produced only disgruntled recruits, and mass recruitment of barbarian tribes such as the Goths, Visigoths and The Late Roman Army. These tribesmen could be paid less and did not require expansive pensions as an incentive to serve. These three mistakes in the management of the late Roman Imperial Army should serve as a powerful warning to American elites seeking inexpensive solutions to the maintenance of American military power. While some military The Late Roman Army can always be reduced, a great power that seeks very low-cost solutions does so at its own peril. The Roman Army began providing pensions to retiring soldiers during the fall of the Roman Republic in the late first century B. These promises often included financial The Late Roman Army, exemption from taxes and grants of land from captured enemy territory. Augustus reduced the Roman Army to a voluntary, professional force of approximatelyactive duty soldiers and a similar The Late Roman Army of auxiliary troops.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliografia
    Gladius XIII (1977), pp. 103-138 Bibliografía ISSN 0435-029X BIBLIOGRAFIA Avt objects in steel by Tul~Cvaftsmen. Introduced and compiled by M. Malchenko. Photographs by V.Pochayev and V.Stukalov. Aurora Art Publishers, Leningrad 1974, 167 pages, 102 plates, most of them in colour. Text in English and Russian. This beautiful little book with its numerous coloured illustrations of applied art from the world's famous steel centre of Tula is of interest not only to art students but has a special importance to arms and armour investigators. It deals with the 18th and 19th cent. applied art, a period in which the obiects made of steel from the Tula armourers occu~va re- markable place.' Already at the end of the 16th cent. weapon-sZths of the State here performed their work, for instance arquebuses and pistols. In 1712 the Tula Arms Factorv was founded and little bv little the dace here became the centre of Russian arms production. The well-known richlv decorated hunting weaDons had an excellent period about the middle df the 18th cent. any of the finely decorated weapons were used by the emperors. Thus gave, for instance, Catha- rina I1 them as presents to foreign princes and other persons of high rank. Particularly famous was the combination of blued steel with gold ornaments. In these manufactures other kinds of objects, however, flourished. Many kinds of applied art was made, such as seals, perfume burners, candlesticks, caskets, ink-stands and even complete furniture such as chairs. dressing" tables etc. The book illustrates a fine air of ~istols and a sporting gun from about 1790 with steel chiseling, ivory and with copper and silver incrustations.
    [Show full text]
  • Create Your Own Armour [PDF]
    Romans at Ham Hill Ham Hill is a 390 acre Country Park managed by South Somerset District Council that encompasses the largest Iron Age hill fort in Europe including a 19 roomed Roman villa and medieval settlements. Lorica squamata (scale armour) Many troops wore torso armour and there were three main types. Lorica squamata (and has been found at Ham Hill), Lorica hamata, which is made from small iron rings and Lorica segmentata, which is what you can see on the left. Lorica segmentata was worn by the Roman army from around 9BC until 2AD. An undergarment was usually worn to protect the wearer from bruising and shock and this was called a subarmalis. Roman helmet There are many designs of Roman helmet (Galea) and this one is loosely based on a design of the Imperial Gallic, a helmet that was in service to the Roman army from the late 1st century BC until the early 2nd century AD. Roman Gladius First used by the Spannish, the gladius was primarily used as a stabbing weapon. It has a v-shaped tip, which was great for finding the gaps between ribs or cartilage! Both sides were also kept razor-sharp and it was a deadly slashing weapon. Romans used the gladius in formation and always carried it in their right hand to compliment the carrying of their large shields (Scutum) in their left. It is still considered to be one of the important swords of history. Find more activities at www.southsomerset.gov.uk/childrensactivities Create your own Armour Armour keeps you protected in battles, a little bit like how face masks are helping protect our front line workers such as doctors and nurses while they confront Coronavirus.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Download Armour Pdf Free Download
    ARMOUR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Catriona Clarke,Terry McKenna | 32 pages | 26 Jan 2007 | Usborne Publishing Ltd | 9780746074749 | English | London, United Kingdom Armour Thyroid (thyroid tablets, USP) Home Page Keep using this medicine as directed, even if you feel well. You may need to take thyroid medication for the rest of your life. Call your doctor if you notice any signs of thyroid toxicity, such as chest pain, fast or pounding heartbeats, feeling hot or nervous, or sweating more than usual. If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using desiccated thyroid. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time. Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. Skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose. If you also take cholestyramine Prevalite , Questran or colestipol Colestid , avoid taking these medications within 4 hours before or after you take desiccated thyroid. Avoid taking an antacid within 4 hours before or after you take desiccated thyroid. Some antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb desiccated thyroid. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction: hives ; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Common side effects may include temporary hair loss especially in children. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Armour Thyroid side effects in more detail. Tell your doctor about all medicines you use, and those you start or stop using during your treatment with desiccated thyroid, especially:.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Information Pack
    THE ERMINE STREET GUARD INFORMATION PACK CONTACT DETAILS E-Mail - [email protected] Website - www.erminestreetguard.co.uk Telephone - 01452 862235 About The Ermine Street Guard Since its formation in 1972, the Guard has become the leading society studying the Roman Army and its equipment. Authenticity and Research Each piece of kit is made as authentically as is practicable based on recent research. The majority of the equipment is made by Guard Education members to high standards of workmanship Public displays are given at major Roman sites throughout Great Britain and Eu- and accuracy and is continually being added rope. The displays include aspects of the Roman soldier’s training, the shooting to and improved as new information and finds of artillery pieces and a static army camp display. At selected venues the Guard become available. The Guard works closely is also joined by fully equipped Roman cavalrymen. with leading academics in the field to ensure the kit is correct based on current research. Please contact the Guard for further details of venues or visit the website. Roman Officers Centurio The Centurio was the Officer in charge of a Century of 80 men. A Century never consisted of 100 men, and in Republican times only consisted of 60 men. The Centurio was normally a career soldier who had worked his way up through the ranks and was tough and experienced. In battle he would lead from the front, which meant they had a high mortality rate. The equipment reflected his high status and was designed to make him easy to pick out in battle.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Warfare and Fortification
    Roman Warfare and Fortification Oxford Handbooks Online Roman Warfare and Fortification Gwyn Davies The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World Edited by John Peter Oleson Print Publication Date: Dec 2009 Subject: Classical Studies, Ancient Roman History, Material Culture Studies Online Publication Date: Sep 2012 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734856.013.0028 Abstract and Keywords This article concentrates on the role of technology in improving the operational capabilities of the Roman state. It reviews the organizational and weapon system developments that enabled Roman armies to engage their enemies with confidence in the field, alongside the evolution of fortification schemes that enabled economies of force, which were essential to imperial security. Roman weapons and equipment include the spear, sword, missiles, artillery, shields, helmets, and body armor. Although the Roman army was often on the attack and made use of complex siege technology, it was also highly skilled in the preparation of defensive fortifications. The Romans diligently applied themselves to the arts of war. Their successful mastery of battlefield techniques and their adoption, where appropriate, of equipment and technologies first introduced by their opponents allowed Roman armies to sustain the state over several hundreds of years of challenge and change. Keywords: Roman armies, Roman warfare, Roman fortification, spear, sword, missiles, artillery, shields, helmets, body armor Warfare and the Romans A message relayed to the Roman people by Romulus after his translation to the heavens, stands as an unambiguous endorsement of Roman military prowess. “Tell the Romans that it is the gods' will that my Rome shall be the capital of the world; therefore let them cultivate the arts of war and let them know and teach their children that no human force can resist Roman arms” (Livy 1.16.7).
    [Show full text]
  • Barbarian Invasion
    The Representation of the Roman Army c.363-425AD in Rome: Total War: Barbarian Invasion Daniel McDevitt Senior Sophister Trinity College Dublin Word Count: 11,539 McDevitt i Acknowledgments An enormous thank you to Dr. Hazel Dodge for all her help with this paper, for not laughing too much when I suggested the idea of analyzing a video game, and for her speedy and timely responses to my many frantic emails. A thank you to my mom and grandmom for encouraging me to pursue my education and supporting me in my moving to a foreign country for university. A thank you to my muse who inspires me to be a better person and has supported me in my many moments of self­doubt. And finally a thank you to my father for always giving me the motivation to succeed. McDevitt ii Table of Contents Abbreviations………………………………………………………….pg iii Introduction…………………………………………………………….pg 1 Chapter 1: Military Unit Types and Titles …………………….…....pg 4 Chapter 2: Army Recruitment, Training, and Upkeep………….. pg 21 Chapter 3: Arms and Armor ……………………………………….pg 36 Conclusion………………………………………………………….. pg 49 Appendix ………………………………………………………….... pg 51 Bibliography……………………………………………………...…. pg 65 McDevitt iii Abbreviations Amm. ­ Ammianus Marcellinus Barbarian Invasion ​­ ​Rome: Total War: Barbarian Invasion C.Th. ­ C​ odex Theodosianus Not. Dig. ­ N​ otitia Dignitatum Veg. ­ Vegetius Zos. ­ Zosimus McDevitt 1 Introduction The working objective of this dissertation is to examine the manner in which the video game R​ ome: Total War: Barbarian Invasion represents the realities of the Roman army between 363 and 425 AD. Before getting into format and layout, a few notes first on the relevance of the objective of this paper, the time period under study, and the video game itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Evolution of ​Roman Infantry Arms And
    HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ROMAN ​ INFANTRY ARMS AND ARMOR 753 BC - 476 AD An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment to the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Evan Bossio Robert Chase Justin Dyer Stephanie Huang Marmik Patel Nathan Siegel Date: March 2, 2018 Submitted to: Professor Diana A. Lados Professor Luca Capogna Abstract During its time, the Roman Empire gained a formidable reputation as a result of its discipline and organization. The Roman Empire has made a lasting impact on the world due to its culture, political structure, and military might. The purpose of this project was to examine how the materials and processes used to create the weapons and armour helped to contribute to the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. This was done by analyzing how the Empire was able to successfully integrate new technologies and strategies from the regions the Empire conquered. The focus of this project is on the Empire's military, including the organization of the army, and the tactics and weapons used. To better understand the technology and innovations during this time the Roman long sword, spatha, was replicated and analyzed. 1 Acknowledgments The team would like to thank Professor Diana A. Lados and Professor Luca Capogna for this unique experience. The team would also like to thank Anthony Spangenberger for his guidance and time throughout the microstructure analysis. Lastly, this project could not have been done without Joshua Swalec, who offered his workshop, tools, and expertise throughout the manufacturing process 2 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Acknowledgments 2 Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 6 List of Tables 11 Authorship 12 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Adventurer Conqueror King System © 2011–2012 Autarch
    TM Game Design by ALEXANDER MACRIS with TAVIS ALLISON and GREG TITO RULES FOR ROLEPLAYING IN A WORLD OF SWORDS, SORCERY, AND STRONGHOLDS FIRST EDITION Adventurer Conqueror King System © 2011–2012 Autarch. The Auran Empire™ and all proper names, dialogue, plots, storylines, locations, and characters relating thereto are copyright 2011 by Alexander Macris and used by Autarch™ under license. This material is protected under the copyright laws of the United States of America. Any reproduction or unauthorized use of the material or artwork contained herein is prohibited without the written permission of the copyright owners. Autarch™, Adventure Conqueror King™, Adventurer Conqueror King System™, and ACKS™ are trademarks of Autarch™. Auran Empire™ is a trademark of Alexander Macris and used by Autarch™ under license. Adventurer Conqueror King System is distributed to the hobby, toy, and comic trade in the United States by Game Salute LLC. This product is a work of fiction. Any similarity to actual people, organizations, places, or events is purely coincidental. Printed in the USA. ISBN 978-0-9849832-0-9 AUT1003.20120131.431 www.autarch.co CREDITS Lead Designer: Alexander Macris Graphic Design: Carrie Keymel Greg Lincoln Additional Design: Tavis Allison Greg Tito Intern: Chris Newman Development: Alexander Macris Kickstarter Support: Chris Hagerty Tavis Allison Timothy Hutchings Greg Tito Event Support: Tavis Allison Editing: Tshilaba Verite Ryan Browning Jonathan Steinhauer Ezra Claverie Paul Vermeren Chris Hagerty Paul Hughes Art: Ryan Browning
    [Show full text]
  • Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome
    Mystical Rome V 2.0- July Release Morra Universal Cinematic Game System Contents Chapter Eight: Genre: Mystical Rome ................................................................ 4 Mystical Rome Credits .................................................................................... 5 Target Audience ............................................................................................ 5 Rating and Descriptors: R ............................................................................... 5 Mystical Rome Inspiration ............................................................................... 6 Mystical Rome Budget .................................................................................... 7 Mystical Rome Archetypes ............................................................................... 7 Artisan .................................................................................................... 7 Barbarian ................................................................................................. 9 Bureaucrat ..............................................................................................10 Clergy ....................................................................................................11 Criminal ..................................................................................................12 Druid ......................................................................................................13 Gladiator .................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Legionary Horsemen
    Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Reprinted from the American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin 60:38-44 Additional articles available at http://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/resources/articles/ The Legionary Horsemen: Arms, Armor and Tactical Role of the Equites Legionis and Equites Promoti Michael F. Pavkovie Introduction The Roman military establishment of the high empire was composed of four different categories of units. The first category was the so-called militia urbana, the units station- ed in and around the city of Rome; included in this group were the members of the imperial guard. The most famous troops of the imperial household were the Praetorians who formed the infantry component of the guard? The mounted portion was furnished by the horseguards of the emperor, the equites singulares Augusti, who were drawn from the auxiliary cavalrymen on the frontier and were charged with the protection of the emperor's persom2 The second category of troops formed the mainstay of the Roman ar- my: the legions.3 These were units of Roman citizens approx- imately 5000 strong, mostly infantrymen but including a small contingent of cavalrymen, usually 120 men under the high empire, but later substantially increased up to at least 726. The legions were deployed along the frontiers and pro- A vast amount of academic ink has been spilled on vided Roman generals with the close order infantry who various topics concerning the legions such as their officers, formed the line of battle. organization, recruitment, and the histories of individual The third group of units were those of auxiliaries.*The legions.
    [Show full text]