L I V E L I H OLivelihood O D Baseline Profile - Galkayo Urban FSNAU BASELINE Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia P R O F I L E Issued October, 2010 Galkayo Urban HISTORICAL TIMELINE GALKAYO AND SURROUNDING LiVELIHOOD ZONES GALKAYO HISTORICAL TIMELINE 2005-2009 Food DJIBOUTI Awdal Sanag Year Security Events, Effects, and Reponses Woq. Galbeed Bari Ranking Togdheer Sool Below Average Year: Prolonged Nugal drought; influx of IDPs; decline of food prices; influx of destitute pastoralists; Jariban Mudug Goldogob Galgadud political problems in southern Galkayo Bakol Galkayo Hiran (split of Galmudug); Improved security GAALKACYO Gedo 2009 2 situation compared to previous M. Shabelle Bay conflicts between the North and Banadir L. Shabelle South Galkayo, despite of organized Juba and targeted killings in the reference year.; replacement of CARE by WFP and 50% reduction of food aid. Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia http://www.fsnau.org P.O. Box 1230 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya Email: [email protected] tel: 254-20-4000000 fax:254-20-4000555 FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Below Average Year: Drought; The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in 1986. insecurity/piracy; inflation; food aid; influx of rural destitute and Hobyo 2008 2 ensuing tensions; suspension of CARE activities; lifting of roadblocks; establishment of IRC office in Galkayo; high food prices. Bad Year: Drought; inflation; insecurity; IDPs influx; water shortage and water trucking from Addun Pastoral: Mixed sheep & goats, camel 2007 2 Belet Weyne; high water price; Awdal border & coastal towns: Petty trading, fishing, salt mining printing of Somali bank note; poor purchasing power; expansion of Central regions Agro-Pastoral: Cowpea, sheep & goats, camel, cattle town; and increased social services. Coastal Deeh: Sheep Average Year: Normal to good rains; Haradhere Hawd Pastoral: Camel, sheep & goats invasion of Ethiopian troops; ICU and Ethiopian conflict; defeated warlords; temporary displacement; good trade; 2006 3 no major problems in north; increased number of roadblocks; influx of clan militias from Mogadishu and rural areas; establishment of Galmudug administration in southern Galkayo. URBAN LIVELIHOOD DESCRIPTION Below Average Year: Good rains; localized flash floods; livestock trade ban; stable security; impacts • Galkayo is one of the six regions in Puntland state from tsunami: fishing equipment 2005 2-3 and is the capital of the Mudug region, population For full report see: destroyed, influx of IDPs, food FSNAU GalkayoTechnical aid; start of pricy activities; start of estimates range from 75,000 to 315,000. Using humanitarian access in southern Series Report No. VI 34, Galkayo. UNDP populations from 2005, there are about October 7 2010 Rank descriptions: 5 = excellent year for household food 105,000 people (including 30,000 IDPs). or contact [email protected] security (low prices, good wage rates, etc); 4 = a good or above www.fsnau.org average year for household food security; 3 = an average • The town is divided into four quarters, Israac, year in terms of food security; 2 = a below average year for Garsoor, Wadajir, and Horumar, with a total of household food security; 1 = a poor year for household food security (high prices, low wage rates, etc.) sixteen sub-sections. The Darood clan is dominant in the northern part of town (under control of Puntland state) while the Hawiye clan mainly live in southern BASELINE YEAR DESCRIPTION Galkayo, which is administered by the Galmudug state. • Galkayo town is located about halfway between Mogadishu and Bossaso (about Baseline Reference Year: October 2008 to September 2009. 700 km). The surrounding rural livelihood zones are Addun Pastoral and Hawd o The selected reference year was Pastoral. a below average year. • The town is an important regional hub for commerce between southern and o In the reference year Galkayo central Somalia, the Somali region of Ethiopia and the port of Bossaso. The experienced prolonged drought, service sector is very important in Galkayo’s economy and is strongly linked to a large influx of IDPs and livestock and livestock products trade. destitute pastoralists into town, as well as political problems in • Main economic activities/income contributions include: wholesale and retail southern Galkayo (the split of distribution of imported foods and products, as well as local products; remittances, Gal-mudug region). import and distribution of petrol, the telecommunications sector, the kat market, o However, the year was and a wide range of services offered by small-scale enterprises (welding, carpentry, relatively secure leading to an improvement of trade, increased health care, domestic work etc). local cereal supply, decreased • Galkayo hosts many IDPs, OCHA estimates there are about 7,630 IDP households. inflation, decreased food prices, and 50 % reduction of food aid Demographic information for Galkayo town and IDPs by WFP. Demographic Information V.poor Poor Middle B-off Poor(IDP) Middle B-off Improved purchasing power %pop by WG (midpoint) 7.5% 30% 50% 12.5% 47.5% 47% 7.5% in the reference year (labour Pop.number UNDP and FSNAU est. (170000 &30000 IDP) 12750 51000 85000 21250 14250 13500 2250 rates, local and imported Pop. number UNOCHA est.75000town & 4500 18000 39975 12525 - - - food prices), according to Average HH size 6 6 8 10 6 6 7 proceeded years. Livelihood Baseline Profile - Galkayo Urban SEASONAL CALENDAR Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Seasons Deyr wet season Jilaal dry seaon Gu wet season Hagaa dry seaon Rainfall Peak Peak Water Availability Low Hunger Period (Kalajaban) High Fruit & Vegetable Availability Low Low Imported Food Prices High Livestock Prices High (export) Low (local quality sheep & goats) High High (export) Livestock Supply High High High Employment Self‐employment Low Casual Labour High Low ARI Peak Diarrhea (Typhoid) Peak Peak RemiKance High (Ramadan & Eid) High (Ramadan & Eid) Loan (In‐kind) High CEREAL FLOW Map SEASONAL CALENDAR Somalia: Deyr 09/10 Cereal Flow Map The seasonal calendar details levels of seasonal activities throughout the reference Gulf of Aden year: DJIBOUTI Sanag Bari • The overall pattern of economic activity Awdal only has partial correlation with any Woq. Galbeed particular season, mainly because the primary economic activity in Galkayo Togdheer centres on trade. Instead the level of Sool each economic activity is determined by factors such as foreign exchange Nugal levels, availability of transport, cost of imported products, and trade relations. • Prices of imported staple foods ETHIOPIA and goods are high from June to September because monsoon weather Mudug patterns limit shipping. Prices of locally Indian Ocean produced food peak during the rain seasons (Gu and Deyr), when the crops are being grown, and drop during the Bakol Galgadud dry seasons when the crops are being Hiran harvested (Hagaa and Jilaal). • Livestock supply (local) is highest Gedo during the dry seasons because Bay M. Shabelle LEGEND animals have improved body conditions Cereal Markets after the rainy season, and there is a Banadir !< Major Sorghum market high demand for cash to purchase L. Shabelle ^_ Major Maize Market M. Juba ! water and food. Other Cereals Market Cereal Flow Pattern • Income opportunities and daily wage Local Sorghum rates from casual labour and petty Local Maize trade tend to be lowest between June L. Juba Major Road to August. Coastline • District Boundary Water is available most of the year Regional Boundary because of the presence of wells, International Boundary though towards the end of Jilaal dry ± River Datum: WGS84 Data Source: FSAU, 2006 season (late February to March) 50 25 0 50 100 150 200 Admin. layers: UNDP, 1998 availability decreases. Kilometers • Waterborne diseases, like diarrhoea Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit - Somalia http://www.fsnau.org P.O. Box 1230 Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya Email: [email protected] tel: 254-20-4000000 fax:254-20-4000555 FSNAU is managed by FAO The boundaries and names on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. and typhoid, peak at the start of the The regional & District boundaries reflect those endorsed by the Government of the Republic of Somalia in 1986. wet seasons of Gu and Deyr as people use available surface/rain water, which often is contaminated. Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are high during December and January as it is cooler during this time period. 2 Livelihood Baseline Profile - Galkayo Urban MARKETS AND TRADE ROLE OF WOMEN IN MARKETS • Galkayo’s central geographical location has helped make the city AND TRADE a conduit and centre for trade and business for food, goods and Women play an important role in the urban livestock trade from Mudug, the Somali region of Ethiopia and context. In addition to their daily household southern Somalia to Bossaso port. tasks, women take part in income earning activities through employment and self- • Traders in Galkayo market have strong trade links with employment. During the reference year, Mogadishu’s main market, Bakaara. However, since 2007, almost 85% of the petty/small trade the supply has shifted from Mogadishu to Bossaso due to a businesses in Galkayo were managed by significant deterioration in the security situation in Mogadishu. women. In addition, nearly all milk traders, • A unique aspect of Galkayo’s market structure is that there are 80% of kat sellers, 50% of meat sellers, not many factors that prevent small and medium sized business 50% of fruit and vegetable sellers and 3% from starting operations. There is available warehouse and shop of livestock traders were women. In general, space, available supply and steady market demand. women also control and manage household expenditures related to both essential and • A group of Galkayo’s largest traders and businessmen, mainly non-essential household items.