Spiders As Potential Indicators of Elephantinduced Habitat Changes In
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A Checklist of the Non -Acarine Arachnids
Original Research A CHECKLIST OF THE NON -A C A RINE A R A CHNIDS (CHELICER A T A : AR A CHNID A ) OF THE DE HOOP NA TURE RESERVE , WESTERN CA PE PROVINCE , SOUTH AFRIC A Authors: ABSTRACT Charles R. Haddad1 As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) in conserved areas, arachnids Ansie S. Dippenaar- were collected in the De Hoop Nature Reserve in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The Schoeman2 survey was carried out between 1999 and 2007, and consisted of five intensive surveys between Affiliations: two and 12 days in duration. Arachnids were sampled in five broad habitat types, namely fynbos, 1Department of Zoology & wetlands, i.e. De Hoop Vlei, Eucalyptus plantations at Potberg and Cupido’s Kraal, coastal dunes Entomology University of near Koppie Alleen and the intertidal zone at Koppie Alleen. A total of 274 species representing the Free State, five orders, 65 families and 191 determined genera were collected, of which spiders (Araneae) South Africa were the dominant taxon (252 spp., 174 genera, 53 families). The most species rich families collected were the Salticidae (32 spp.), Thomisidae (26 spp.), Gnaphosidae (21 spp.), Araneidae (18 2 Biosystematics: spp.), Theridiidae (16 spp.) and Corinnidae (15 spp.). Notes are provided on the most commonly Arachnology collected arachnids in each habitat. ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute Conservation implications: This study provides valuable baseline data on arachnids conserved South Africa in De Hoop Nature Reserve, which can be used for future assessments of habitat transformation, 2Department of Zoology & alien invasive species and climate change on arachnid biodiversity. -
Navots. Nos. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 10, Part 1 Latrodectus
2 NavOTS. nos. Mus., Bloemfontein, Volume 10, Part 1 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 2 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 5 Materials and methods ............................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... 6 Taxonomy ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Lotrodectus Walckenaer .................................................................................................... 6 LATRODECTUS GEOMETRICUS-GROUP ............................................................ 10 Latrodectus geometricus C.L. Koch ....................................................................... 11 lAtrodectus modesiensis Mackay .......................................................................... 23 LATRODECTUS TREDECIMGUTTATUS-GROUP ............................................... 27 Latrodectus cinctus Blackwall ................................................................................ 28 Latrodectus indistinctus o.P.- Cambridge ............................................................ 33 Latrodectus karrooensis Smithers ......................................................................... -
Predatory Behavior of Jumping Spiders
Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org/aronline Annu Rev. Entomol. 19%. 41:287-308 Copyrighl8 1996 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved PREDATORY BEHAVIOR OF JUMPING SPIDERS R. R. Jackson and S. D. Pollard Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand KEY WORDS: salticids, salticid eyes, Portia, predatory versatility, aggressive mimicry ABSTRACT Salticids, the largest family of spiders, have unique eyes, acute vision, and elaborate vision-mediated predatory behavior, which is more pronounced than in any other spider group. Diverse predatory strategies have evolved, including araneophagy,aggressive mimicry, myrmicophagy ,and prey-specific preycatch- ing behavior. Salticids are also distinctive for development of behavioral flexi- bility, including conditional predatory strategies, the use of trial-and-error to solve predatory problems, and the undertaking of detours to reach prey. Predatory behavior of araneophagic salticids has undergone local adaptation to local prey, and there is evidence of predator-prey coevolution. Trade-offs between mating and predatory strategies appear to be important in ant-mimicking and araneo- phagic species. INTRODUCTION With over 4000 described species (1 l), jumping spiders (Salticidae) compose by Fordham University on 04/13/13. For personal use only. the largest family of spiders. They are characterized as cursorial, diurnal predators with excellent eyesight. Although spider eyes usually lack the struc- tural complexity required for acute vision, salticids have unique, complex eyes with resolution abilities without known parallels in animals of comparable size Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1996.41:287-308. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org (98). Salticids are the end-product of an evolutionary process in which a small silk-producing animal with a simple nervous system acquires acute vision, resulting in a diverse array of complex predatory strategies. -
Natural Variation in Condition-Dependent Display Colour Does Not Predict Male Courtship Success in a Jumping Spider
Animal Behaviour 93 (2014) 267e278 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Animal Behaviour journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/anbehav Natural variation in condition-dependent display colour does not predict male courtship success in a jumping spider * Lisa A. Taylor a, b, , David L. Clark c, Kevin J. McGraw b a Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A. b School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, U.S.A. c Department of Biology, Alma College, Alma, MI, U.S.A. article info In many animals, males display costly, condition-dependent ornaments to choosy females. Indicator Article history: models of sexual selection predict that females should choose mates based on natural variation in such Received 23 November 2013 traits. In Habronattus pyrrithrix jumping spiders, males have conspicuous, condition-dependent red faces Initial acceptance 27 February 2014 and green legs that they display to cryptically coloured females during courtship. In a correlational study Final acceptance 16 April 2014 using field-collected spiders, we paired individual males with virgin females in the laboratory and found Available online that natural variation in male coloration did not predict mating success (likelihood of copulation) or MS. number: A13-00972R levels of female aggression. Rather, mating success was best predicted by male body condition. We then conducted an outdoor experiment under natural sunlight where we gave both virgin and mated females Keywords: the choice between two simultaneously courting males, one with his facial coloration experimentally animal coloration reduced and the other that received a sham treatment. Again, we found no relationship between male condition dependence coloration and courtship success. -
The Abundance and Species Richness (Araneae: Arachnida) Associated with a Riverine Thicket, Rocky Outcrop and Aloe Marlothii
THE ABUNDANCE AND SPECIES RICHNESS OF THE SPIDERS (ARANEAE: ARACHNIDA) ASSOCIATED WITH A RIVERINE AND SWEET THORN THICKET, ROCKY OUTCROP AND ALOE MARLOTHII THICKET IN THE POLOKWANE NATURE RESERVE, LIMPOPO PROVINCE by THEMBILE TRACY KHOZA Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology, in the School of Molecular and Life Sciences in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, South Africa. 2008 SUPERVISOR: Prof S.M. DIPPENAAR CO-SUPERVISOR: Prof A.S. DIPPENAAR-SCHOEMAN Declaration I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo for the degree of Master of Science in Zoology has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university, that it is my own work in design and in execution, and that all material contained therein has been duly acknowledged. T.T. Khoza i Abstract Spiders are abundant and they play a major role in ecosystems. Few studies have been conducted throughout South Africa to determine the diversity and distribution of spiders. The current study was initiated to determine the species richness and diversity and to compile a checklist of spiders found at the Polokwane Nature Reserve. This survey was the first collection of spiders in the reserve and provides valuable data for the management of the reserve as well as to the limited existing information on the Savanna Biome. It will also improve our knowledge of spiders of the Limpopo Province and contribute to the South African National Survey of Arachnida database. The study was conducted from the beginning of March 2005 to the end of February 2006. -
Araneus Bonali Sp. N., a Novel Lichen-Patterned Species Found on Oak Trunks (Araneae, Araneidae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 779: 119–145Araneus (2018) bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks... 119 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.779.26944 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Araneus bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae) Eduardo Morano1, Raul Bonal2,3 1 DITEG Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain 2 Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain 3 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain Corresponding author: Raul Bonal ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Arnedo | Received 24 May 2018 | Accepted 25 June 2018 | Published 7 August 2018 http://zoobank.org/A9C69D63-59D8-4A4B-A362-966C463337B8 Citation: Morano E, Bonal R (2018) Araneus bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 779: 119–145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.26944 Abstract The new species Araneus bonali Morano, sp. n. (Araneae, Araneidae) collected in central and western Spain is described and illustrated. Its novel status is confirmed after a thorough revision of the literature and museum material from the Mediterranean Basin. The taxonomy of Araneus is complicated, but both morphological and molecular data supported the genus membership of Araneus bonali Morano, sp. n. Additionally, the species uniqueness was confirmed by sequencing the barcode gene cytochrome oxidase I from the new species and comparing it with the barcodes available for species of Araneus. A molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes, retrieved a clade with a moderate support that grouped Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 with another eleven species, but neither included Araneus bonali sp. -
Diversity of Common Garden and House Spider in Tinsukia District, Assam Has Been Undertaken
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(4): 1432-1439 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Diversity of common garden and house spider in JEZS 2019; 7(4): 1432-1439 © 2019 JEZS Tinsukia district Received: 01-05-2019 Accepted: 05-06-2019 Achal Kumari Pandit Achal Kumari Pandit Graduated from Department of Zoology Digboi College, Assam, Abstract India A study on the diversity of spider fauna inside the Garden and House in Tinsukia district, Assam. This was studied from September 2015 to July 2019. A total of 18 family, 52 genus and 80 species were recorded. Araneidae is the most dominant family among all followed by the silicide family. The main aim of this study is to bring to known the species which is generally observed by the humans in this area. Beside seasonal variation in species is higher in summer season as compared to winter. Also many species were observed each year in same season repeatedly during the study period, further maximum number of species is seen in vegetation type of habitat. Keywords: Spider, diversity, Tinsukia, seasonal, habitat 1. Introduction As one of the most widely recognized group of Arthropods, Spiders are widespread in distribution except for a few niches, such as Arctic and Antarctic. Almost every plant has its spider fauna, as do dead leaves, on the forest floor and on the trees. They may be found at varied locations, such as under bark, beneath stones, below the fallen logs, among foliage, [23] house dwellings, grass, leaves, underground, burrows etc. (Pai IK., 2018) . Their success is reflected by the fact that, on our planet, there are about 48,358 species recorded till now according to World Spider Catalog. -
Spider Ecology in Southwestern Zimbabwe, with Emphasis on the Impact of Holistic Planned Grazing Practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis
Spider ecology in southwestern Zimbabwe, with emphasis on the impact of holistic planned grazing practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis submitted in satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State January 2020 Supervisors Prof. Charles R. Haddad (PhD): Associate Professor: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. Prof. Stefan H. Foord (PhD): Professor: Department of Zoology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa. Dr. Moira J FitzPatrick (PhD): Regional Director: Natural History Museums of Zimbabwe, cnr Park Road and Leopold Takawira Avenue, Centenary Park Suburbs, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. i STUDENT DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby assert that the work included in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not beforehand in its totality or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. I also relinquish copyright of the thesis in favour of the University of the Free State. S. Sebata 31 January 2020 ii SUPERVISOR DECLARATION iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to all the spiders that lost their lives in the name of Science. iv ABSTRACT The current information on Zimbabwean spiders is fairly poor and is mostly restricted to taxonomic descriptions, while their ecology remains largely unknown. While taxonomic studies are very important, as many species are becoming extinct before they are described, a focus on the ecology of spiders is also essential, as it helps with addressing vital questions such as the effect of anthropogenic activities on spider fauna. -
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4 -
A New Forest Dwelling Button Spider from South Africa (Araneae, Theridiidae, Latrodectus)
Zootaxa 4700 (4): 584–600 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4700.4.12 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1602CD7C-66ED-4C77-86ED-40A594187F99 A new forest dwelling button spider from South Africa (Araneae, Theridiidae, Latrodectus) B.M.O.G. WRIGHT1,7, C. D. WRIGHT1, C.L. SOLE2, R. LYLE3, R. TIPPETT4, C. SHOLTO-DOUGLAS5, L. VERBURGT2 & I. ENGELBRECHT2,6 1Wild Tomorrow Fund, 413 W. 48TH ST, 3F, NY, NY, USA, 10036 2Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa 3ARC Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X134, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa 4Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003, South Africa 5&Beyond Phinda Private Game Reserve, AndBeyond South Africa (Pty) Ltd, Private Bag X6001, Hluhluwe, 3960 6South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2 Cussonia Avenue, Brummeria, Pretoria, 0184 7Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The medically important spider genus Latrodectus Walckenaer 1805, commonly referred to as “button spiders” in South Africa, is represented by six species in the country. Using morphology and the COI barcoding gene we describe a new forest dwelling species, Latrodectus umbukwane n. sp. Wright, Wright, Lyle and Engelbrecht. Females have red markings on both the ventral and posterior dorsal surfaces of the abdomen, parallel spermathecae and three loops of the copulatory ducts. Males have an embolus with four loops and diagnostic white markings on the ventral surface of the abdomen that darken with age. -
A Checklist of the Spiders of Tanzania
Journal of East African Natural History 109(1): 1–41 (2020) A CHECKLIST OF THE SPIDERS OF TANZANIA A. Russell-Smith 1, Bailiffs Cottage, Doddington, Sittingbourne Kent ME9 0JU, UK [email protected] ABSTRACT A checklist of all published spider species from Tanzania is provided. For each species, the localities from which it was recorded are noted and a gazetteer of the geographic coordinates of all but a small minority of these localities is included. The results are discussed in terms of family species richness, the completeness of our knowledge of the spider fauna of this country and the likely biases in family composition. Keywords: Araneae, East Africa, faunistics, biodiversity INTRODUCTION Students of spiders are very fortunate in having a complete online catalogue that is continuously updated—the World Spider Catalog (http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/). The catalogue also provides full text of virtually all the relevant systematic literature, allowing ready access to taxonomic accounts for all species. However, researchers interested in the spiders of a particular country face two problems in using the catalogue: 1. For species that have a widespread distribution, the catalogue often lists only the region (e.g. “East Africa”) or even the continent (“Africa”) from which it is recorded 2. The catalogue itself provides no information on the actual locations from which a species is recorded. There is thus a need for more detailed country checklists, particularly those outside the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions where most arachnologists have traditionally been based. In addition to providing an updated list of species from the country concerned, such catalogues can provide details of the actual locations from which each species has been recorded, together with geographical coordinates when these are available. -
Wanless 1980D
A revision of the spider genera Asemonea and Pandisus (Araneae : Salticidae) F. R. Wanless Department of Zoology, British Museum (Natural History) Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD Contents Synopsis 213 Introduction 213 The genus Pandisus 217 Definition 217 Remarks 218 Diagnosis 218 Species list 218 Key to species 218 The genus Asemonea 225 Definition 225 Diagnosis 226 Species list 226 Key to species 226 The genus Goleba 245 Definition 245 Diagnosis 245 Species list 245 Remarks 245 The/7we//a-group 245 The pallens-group 249 Species Inquirenda 252 Acknowledgements 252 References 252 Synopsis The spider genera Pandisus Simon and Asemonea O. P.-Cambridge are revised and one new genus Goleba is proposed. All 2 1 known species of these genera (of which 1 1 are new) are described and figured. Distributional data are given and a key to the species of Pandisus and Asemonea is provided. Generic relationships within the subfamily Lyssomaninae are discussed and generic groups based on the structure of the male genitalia are proposed. The type material of 1 1 nominate species was examined and five lectotypes are newly designated. Four specific names are newly synonymized and three new combinations are proposed. Introduction The present paper completes a series of generic revisions on old world Salticidae classified in the subfamily Lyssomaninae. Two genera, Asemonea O. P.-Cambridge and Pandisus Simon are revised and one new genus Goleba gen. n. is proposed. The systematic position of lyssomanine spiders has been confused since Blackwall (1877) first proposed the formation of a separate family, the Lyssomanidae. In the same paper O.