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Tachinidae (Diptera) Reared from Ropalidia Nests (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Madagascar, with Two New Species of Anacamptomyia Theo Zeegers

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Tachinidae (Diptera) Reared from Ropalidia Nests (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Madagascar, with Two New Species of Anacamptomyia Theo Zeegers Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157 (2014) 95–103 brill.com/tve Tachinidae (Diptera) reared from Ropalidia nests (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Madagascar, with two new species of Anacamptomyia Theo Zeegers This paper deals with the Tachinidae reared from Ropalidia nests collected on Madagascar. The material belongs to two genera, Anacamptomyia and Parapales,each represented by two species. Both species of Anacamptomyia are described as new: A. aurifrons sp. n. and A. blommersi sp. n. Their relation to the species from the Afrotropical mainland is discussed. The host records for Parapales are the first for this genus, supporting their placement in the Anacamptomyia group. Keywords: Diptera, Tachinidae, hosts, Ropalidia, Madagascar. Theo Zeegers, Eikenlaan 24, 3768 EV Soest, the Netherlands. [email protected] Introduction Symmorphus Wesmael, 1836. However Hamanishi Tachinidae is one of the families of Diptera with the (1996) proved the actual host to be not Symmorphus, highest number of genera and species (Ziegler 2003, but beetle larvae preyed by Symmorphus. O’Hara 2012, 2013). Tachinid flies are well known Crosskey (1976) placed the genera Anacampto- for their biology. The larvae develop as parasitoids myia, Koralliomyia and Euvespivora in a separate tribe in insects and in a few other arthropods, caterpillars Anacamptomyiini, apparently considering them to of Lepidoptera being the most numerous (Herting constitute a monophyletic group. Mesnil (1977) 1960, Ferrar 1987). The ecology and evolutionary added Parapales to this tribe. Because the monophyly history of the family haven been reviewed by Stire- of this tribe needs substantiation, I here refer to this man et al. (2006). Our knowledge of the phylogeny group as the Anacamptomyia group. Mesnil (1977) of the family has been improved by the usage of added the genus Parapales Mesnil, 1950 to this group recent molecular techniques (Cerretti et al. 2014). without knowledge of its host. Some Tachinidae are of economic importance, since During his visits to Madagascar in the years 1970– their hosts are considered pests (O’Hara 2007). 1973, Leo Blommers made an extensive study of Vespidae, or more general Hymenoptera Aculeata, the nests of vespid wasps belonging to the genus are exceptional as host for Tachinidae (Ferrar 1987). Ropalidia Guérin-Méneville (Blommers 2012). In Vespidae have been recorded as host for only five of this process, he reared several Tachinidae belonging the 1519 currently recognized genera of Tachinidae to two genera: Anacamptomyia and Parapales.This (O’Hara 2012): Anacamptomyia Bischof, 1904, Eu- contribution aims to describe the Tachinidae reared vespivora Baranov, 1942, Koralliomyia Mesnil, 1950 by Blommers from Ropalidia nests from Madagascar. in the Old World (Crosskey 1973, 1976, 1984, In the genus Anacamptomyia, two different species Wood & Zumbado 2010) and Lixophaga Townsend, have been found, both described as new here. Also in 1908 and Ophirion Townsend, 1911 in the New the genus Parapales, two species have been found. World (Curran 1937, Wood 1985). Mesnil & Shima (1977) reared Symmorphomyia from the nests of Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 157: 95–103, Figs 1–8. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 20 November 2014. DOI 10.1163/22119434-00002041 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 10:10:07PM via free access 96 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 157, 2014 Material and methods the flat occiput without black hairs posterior to pos- Backgrounds on hosts, nests and collecting tech- tocular row, the large calypter with angular inner niques have been extensively described by Blom- margin, the crossed erect apical scutellar setae and mers (2012). In summary, he collected many nests the presence in the male of a pair of patches of spe- of Ropalidia on Madagascar in the period 1970– cialized setae on the ventral side of both abdominal 1975. He killed the wasps with a short exposure of tergites 3 and 4 and the presence of the regular comb ethyl acetate, thus deliberately leaving the present of anterodorsal setae on the hind tibia. With the ex- pupae alive. He kept the nest to see if any more ception of the males of Parapales, the frontal setae are wasps or parasitoids would emerge. In this process, mostly reclinate and thus not well separated from the he reared some Tachinidae. Blommers (2012) men- reclinate orbital setae. tioned those belonging to the genus Other material, Mesnil (1977) provides a key to separate the two belonging to the genus Parapales, became available genera. Based on the material studied here, his key after Blommers’ manuscript was accepted for pub- needs to be revised, given the variability of some lication, therefore, it was not mentioned in Blom- features. To separate both genera, I propose the mers (2012). The nests from which the Parapales following key. have been reared, though, are discussed. Strictly speaking, Blommers (2012) did not estab- lish Ropalidia as host; he merely reared the tachinid Key to genera of Afrotropical flies from the hosts nests. Anacamptomyia group The terminology for the body parts used follows 1. Frontal setae and reclinate orbital setae Tschorsnig & Richter (1998) and Merz & Haenni irregularly placed in several rows. Genal (1998). Photos of the habitus of flies have been dilation reduced, consisting of 1–3 rows taken with a Nikon 105 mm macro lens with macro of hairs. Proepimeral seta absent. Synter- flashes; the results have been digitally enhanced. gite 1 + 2 with a pair of strong marginal Photos of heads have been made by using a separate setae. Male: Outer vertical seta present . phototube on the stereomicroscope. Focal depth has ...........................Anacamptomyia been enhanced by stacking several images using the – Frontal setae and reclinate orbital setae software program CombineZ (Hadley). placed in one row. Genal dilation well de- The acronyms for collections follow Evenhuis veloped, with about 6 rows of hairs present. (2012), repeated here for convenience. Proepimeral seta present, though small. CNC = Canada, Ontario, Ottawa, Canadian Syntergite 1 + 2 without differentiated National Collection of Insects; marginal setae. Male: Outer vertical seta ab- CTZS = Private collection Th. Zeegers, Soest, sentorhair-like...................Parapales the Netherlands; MNHN = France, Paris, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle; Genus Anacamptomyia Bischof, 1904 MZUR = Italy, Roma, Museo di Zoologia, Uni- Anacamptomyia Bischof, 1904: 79. Type species: versità degli Studi di Roma “La Anacamptomyia africana Bischof, 1904, by mono- Sapienza”; typy; Mesnil 1950b: 22–24 [key to Afrotropical NMW = Austria, Wien, Naturhistorisches species]. Museum Wien; Roubaudia Villeneuve, 1910: 249. Type species: RMNH = Netherlands, Leiden, Naturalis Bio- Roubaudia rufescens Villeneuve, 1910, by origi- diversity Center. nal designation; Mesnil 1950b: 22 [as synonym]; Holotypes and some paratypes of both sexes of the Mesnil 1977: 190 [as valid genus]. new species have been deposited in RMNH. Pararoubaudia Roubaud & Villeneuve, 1914: 124; as On the variant names and spellings for cities on subgenus of Roubaudia. Type species: Roubaudia Madagascar, consult Blommers (2012): 135. (Pararoubaudia) bisetosa Roubaud & Villeneuve, 1914, by monotypy; Mesnil 1950b: 22 [as syn- onym]. Results The material found belongs to two genera: Anacamp- Remarks. The genus Anacamptomyia differs from tomyia and Parapales. These genera are the members most other Tachinidae by its broad fronto-orbital of the Anacamptomyia group in the Afrotropical re- plate and very narrow frontal vitta. These features gion (Mesnil 1977). They share many features, such are seen in other genera of the Anacamptomyia group as the reduced or absent ocellar seta, a row of strong as well. The genus occurs in the Afrotropical and setae covering the facial ridge for most of its length, the Australian region (O’Hara 2012). Seven species Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 10:10:07PM via free access Zeegers: Tachinidae reared from Ropalidia nests from Madagascar 97 have been described from the Afrotropical region frontal orbital plate descending downwards (Crosskey 1980, Zeegers 2007). The latest full re- beyond on parafacial below lowest frontal view is by Mesnil (1950b). From Madagascar, only seta. Wing: base of vein R4+5 above with A. africana has previously been recorded (Crosskey only 1 setula. Male: proclinate orbital seta 1980). This study reports two new species from absent.[Afrotropicalmainland].......... Madagascar, both closely related to A. africana.The .....................africana Bischof, 1904 old records of A. africana from Madagascar might – Mid tibia with 1 very strong anterodor- refer to one of these species. Therefore, the literature sal seta only. Hairs on frontal orbital records need to be reevaluated. plate scarce, not descending downwards on Mesnil (1977) defines the genus Roubaudia based parafacial below lowest frontal seta. Wing: on the presence of median discal setae on abdomi- base of vein R4+5 above usually with 2–3 nal tergites, though Mesnil (1950b) cited it in syn- setulae. Male: at least 2 pairs of strong pro- onymy with Anacamptomyia. This synonymy is fol- clinate orbital setae present [Madagascar] lowed by Crosskey (1980, 1984) and O’Hara (2012). .....................................→ 4 Zeegers (2007) described a species of Anacamptomyia 4. Fronto-orbital plate ochraceously yellow. in which median discal setae are either present or ab- First flagellomere yellow,
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