13496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

CLARENDON CITY HALL-LIBRARY them to "Use it and be the smartest young direct their lives. Only in this way will our PROJECT CALLED "A LESSON FOR people in God's world." problems of drugs, sex, liquor, and breaking AMERICA" Also speaking briefly were County Judge of the law and many other horrible problems Tom Catlett, Clarendon school superinten­ of our time ever come to an end. dent Glen Fugatt and Carver High School If Abbie Hoffman claims to be an Ameri­ HON. BILL ALEXANDER principal J. J. Lacy. can, he is absolutely wrong. An American OF ARKANSAS Mrs. Karl Neal, State Librarian, and former would never do or say the things he has to Clarendon resident, presented a framed life many students everywhere. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES membership certificate in the Arkansas I wish that this man if so hooked on Wednesday, April 29, 1970 Library Association to Dr. Jacobs. communism be sent to USSR or any other On the Monroe County Library Board are country with this form of government and Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, in a Ewing Johnson, Holly l..irove, chairman, and that he be banned from our State of Kan­ day when most are inclined to trod the Dr. Lily Peter, Marvell, Mrs. Nollie Penning­ sas or any other State. He is a disgrace to heavily beaten path to Washington, D.C., ton, Clarendon, Mrs. Ruel Sain, Holly Grove, us all and if we put up with him and others to secure funds for building projects, the Doug Hunt, Brinkley, Cowan Meacham, Mon­ like him we are just as much a disgrace I citizens of Clarendon, Ark., have demon­ roe, and librarian is Mrs. Jack Ellis. Mr. Shriver, no one has told me to write City officials in addition to Mayor Chivers this letter to you. I have done it on my own strated the evidence of a revival of the are Jewell Pupsta, clerk, Gerald Marshall, true pioneer spirit in the construction because my heart is really breaking to see engineer, and aldermen Louis Sanders, Paul Abbie and others ruin our country. I hope I of a new library and municipal building. McKay, Don Hix, Lyle Ellis, Billy Martin and am not the only one who has written to you. The recent dedication of the Clarendon W. F. Moye. And I am not ashamed but proud because I City Hall and John B. Jacobs Memorial The $150,000 building, modern and func­ love America and I think it's time some Library was a climax to the work of the tional, houses the library, mayor's office, other people should tell how they feel about dedicated rownsmen and women of water and sewer department offices, police the great and wonderful United States of Clarendon. With no Federal or State as­ station, and courtroom. America. sistance, the city funded the project with In closing I would like to say this: "I, Brenda Kay Perkins, pledge allegiance f, 3-mill tax in conjunction with a 1-mill to the Flag of the United States of America tax from Monroe County. A STUDENT SPEAKS OUT and to the Republic for which it stands; No citizen, though, put more into the one nation indivisible, with liberty and jus­ project than did Dr. Margaret Moore Ja­ tice for all." (One Nation under God.) cobs, a dedicated civic and church work­ HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER Respectfully yours, er, who donated $17,000 to furnish the OF KANSAS BRENDA KAY PERKINS, entire building and worked closely with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Junior, Central Christian H.S. the city administration in securing the Wednesday, April 29, 1970 funds for construction of the edifice. Dr. Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, to those HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL: NEW Jacobs had previously donated $5,000 BREED EDUCATOR toward construction costs. in our Nation who may have question Because this effort is an example of about the patriotic and spiritual motiva­ what local initiative can lead to, I am tion of our young people, I want to call HON. JIM WRIGHT including at this point an article from attention to a letter which came to me OF TEXAS the Stuttgart Daily Leader concerning last week from Brenda Kay Perkins of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hutchinson, Kans. Miss Perkins, a junior the dedication ceremonies: Wednesday, April 29, 1970 CLARENDON CITY HALL-LIBRARY PROJECT at Central Christian High School, has CALLED "A LEsSON FOR AMERICA" eloquently expressed her confidence in Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, the bylines "This building should be a lesson for America and her faith in God. At the of our times often seem wholly restricted America!" declared U.S. Rep. Bill Alexander same time she has stated her alarm and to the jargon of discord. We see ourselves at the dedication of Clarendon's new City disgust over the message which men, in relation to others across gaps of age Hall and Library Sunday afternoon. He paid such as Abbie Hoffman, are spreading and philosophy and opinion and even sex. tribute to taxpayers, county and city leaders, throughout the Nation today. Her mes­ The harmless cleverisms of "see you later, and to Dr. Margaret Moore Jacobs. sage is reassuring for any who may be alligator" and "go, man, go" have been "I congratulate you for your efforts in skeptical about the young people of our replaced by the grim terminology of di­ doing for yourselves what all of us Americans great country. can do for ourselves if we really want to, visiveness, polarization, confrontation, and if we really try" Alexander said. Under the leave to extend my remarks and revolution. Mayor Flynn Chivers had backgrounded in the REcORD, I include the letter from In such a time it is refreshing and the project beginning nine years ago with Brenda Kay Perkins: heartening to see a person span the gaps a.cquisition of surplus post office property. HUTCHINSON, KANS. between people, champion understand­ A three-mill tax voted by the city and more DEAR MR. SHRIVER: This is just an informal ing among people, and issue a clear call than $22,000 given by Dr. Jacobs provided letter telling you how I feel about one Abbie to come together. Gene Shrimp ton is such the construction and equipment fund. The Hoffman. a person. county levied a one-Inill tax for operation Sir, it is people like this one man who are As principal of Cincinnati's Woodward of the library, the city maintains the mu­ ruining our Great American Heritage. We nicipal portion, and the st<.te has provided High School, the oldest free public high have Teally got the best of opportunities go­ school in the world, Mr. Shrimpton su­ 2,000 volumes of books plus a one-time grant ing for us here in the U.S. Our forefathers of $18,000 for books. fought for this country because they believed pervises 3,300 students of diverse racial, On hand for the program and open house in it and they wanted a place for their kids economic, religious, and social back­ were Lt. Gov. Maurice Britt, Attorney General and their kids' kids to have a place where grounds. His efforts and personal exam­ Joe Purcell and other county and city offi­ they could get a good education and a good ple at Woodward serve as a lesson for us cials. religious bringing up. If this isn't so they all, and I consider it a privilege to in­ Referring to her deceased husband, Dr. Ja­ would have let the communists take over clude Gloria Anderson's story of April 5, cobs told some 500 attending, "This is the long ago. Sure our country, our home does 1970, from -:he Cincinnati Enquirer maga­ answer to the Colonel's and my prayer. For have many many problems and especially has many years together we dreamed of a John B. people in it that are Inisusing their rights zine in the RECORD at this point: and Margaret Moore Jacobs Memorial Library and privileges and really ruining it for me HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPAL: NEW BREED in Clarendon, and God has answered our and many other people who are proud to be EDUCATOR prayers. I pray God will let me live to be Americans and a part of this great country. (By Gloria Anderson) about 101 because there are so many things I think we need someone in our day and "Woodward High School is the oldest free 1 want to do for this library." age like our great President, Abraham Lin­ public high in the world. Like many other She also said, "I like to think that all coln. A man who had guts, I mean real guts high schools, it is in ferment. Year before those who have walked these tree-shaded to stand up for what we, the people believe last, 300 students were suspended following streets In Clarendon walk here this after­ in. a student demonstration. Security guards noon in our heart's remembrance . . . This If only people knew that our country, the now patrol the halls. Last month a bomb Library was built for everybody, but our United States of America could really be scare shook the school. favorites are the young people." She urged great if they would only let God guide and "In spite of its typical troubles, Gene April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13497 Shrimpton, the principal, knows Woodward clean the writing off the windows and "re­ Lunch is interrupted when a worker in the is a good school. move the chewing gum from Mrs. Bettens• dishroom complains that someone stole her "There's nothing wrong with our schools,.. eyeball," referring to a statue of one of the ring off the counter while she was working. he says firmly. "The problems are out in the schoo!'s benefactors, Mrs. Louise Bettens. Shrimpton asks her to file a report with the community." The attendance officer seeks Shrimpton ~ s school police officer. If high school students can keep the pea.ce, advice on a petition to have .a student ex­ Physical education teachers complain they will succeed where generations o! a.dults pelled. The youth knocked down a classmate about a broken door that was not fixed have failed, Shrimpton believes. and hit him with a stage weight in an argu­ properly. Shrimpton promises to look into "If we can prove that our youngsters can ment over a drama production. The victim it-and reproves the teachers for paddling live and WOI'k together as a community, we required several stitches in his forehead and girls. can prove something our parents have not face. In the office once more, he surveys a mound been able to. God knows, polarization of "One of the most dastardly deeds in our o! phone call messages, and picks up the red our adults has reached such a point that the history," Shrimpton says seriously. phone to begin answering them. In his office, only thing that's going to save us is the A delegation from the central office arrives it's the black phone which is the "hot Une"­ young people." to discuss vocational education in the high direct to the superintendent's office. It was To Shrlmpton, Woodward is a test case schools. installed two years ago after high schools with its student body 30% black, 30% Shrimpton's everyday language and in­ began having student disruptions. Jewish and 40 % basically white, Anglo-Saxon formal style contrast markedly with the "I still believe the parent is the key." he protestant. If there can be harmony in a formality and academic approach of the muses, dialing a student's mother. "The acts school with such diverse racial, economic, other educators. of young people are pretty largely deter­ religious and social 'backgrounds, he reasons, The educators talk in terms of "feedback" mined by the a.dults in their lives.'' there can be harmony anywhere. and "factoring out expressions,"-the latter He counts it a "success" to hear from "The biggest job a principal has," Shrimp­ is administrative lingo to change the names parents, even in problem situations. ton says, "is to draw the diverse elements of certain courses. "As long as we hear from the parent at together." Shrimpton says, for example, "Bor~ed all, we !eel we've made a step forward. At Sbrtmpton is typical of the new breed of down to the nitty gritty, we are going to try least, they're communicating." high school principals who consider them­ to push vocational education... The community liaison officer, Mrs. Ba.r­ selves peacemakers fl.rs.t and a.dministrators After more than an hour, Shrlmpton ex­ bara Fritz, stops to discuss hiring a new second. cuses himself from the meeting and leaves staff member. Shrimpton introduces her as As Shrimpton said recently at a meeting an assistant in charge, explaining, "I'm "the contact with the mystic cords that with educators from the central office: immersed in so many things, I don't have bind us to our community." She also makes "Every high school principal in Cincinnati time to handle the preparations of these arrangements for a community tea. is sitting on a lid that could blow at any proposals." Alone again, Shrimpton sends a letter to minute, and the only reason that it hasn't "We understand," says a central office a member of the board of education suggest­ blown here is that I've been devoting my member. "You're like the plumber who's ing that 11. new junior high school be named time to everything except education." so busy patching the pipe he never gets for a black man. The present Woodward High With students bringing neighborhood ten­ time to install the new one." building, &t 7001 Reading Road, is serving sions and concerns into the schoolroom. "No," Shrimpton says. ••n•s like the plumb­ about 3300 students, more than a thousand Shrimpton finds it increasingly difficult to er who's involved in carpentry. But unless of whom are junior high students. Next ignore the non-academic problems of his we were involved in other things, the damn year, the junior high will be moved into a students. bu11dings wou!d have exploded around us." new building nearby on Seymour Ave. ..The attrition rate of the aloof kind of There follows another meeting with other The original Woodward High building is principal ls very high," he said. "The days of central office representatives to assign located at 1310 Sycamore downtown, where oracliz1ng from Mt. Sinai are gone--or pretty "quality points'' for courses. it is now Cutter Junior High. soon that principal is gone." "Hebrew-eight," Shrimpton says. "They Caught up with paper work, it's time for On a typical day, Shrlmpton arrives at the want status, I'll give 'em status." Shrimpton to make the rounds again. He school before 8 a.m. and, like a doctor, begins He explains that Hebrew was one of the stops by a sociology class where the teacher making rounds-up and down hallways. In new courses instituted under public pressure. praises him as "the only high school princi­ and out of classrooms, hustling late students At the time, only four students had signed pal I've ever known who should have been to class, talking to teachers, taking the pulse. up for the course. The most popular new one." An art teacher complains that sev­ ••1 do this for several reasons," he explains, course, he adds, is Black Culture for which eral members of his class walked out be­ •mostly to open lines of communication, but about 70 students had registered. cause. they said, the sinks stink. also to get an idea of what kind of day it's Next, Shrimpton is off for what he con­ By the end of the day. Shrimpton has going to be. " siders one of the day'S most important ac­ dealt with dozens of persons and many He walks slowly and watches everything: tivities: a meeting with student leaders. problems. He's out in the hall when the last He spots the latecomer and chides him, Through them, he keeps abreast of what bell rings, watching students leave after "Come on, man, let's go." is important to the students. He also finds another calm da.y. He watches 30 students file out of the rest­ out about student-teacher problems which He attributes the quiet to "the .fact th11.t room, followed by one of the school's six otherwise might not come to his attention. we have read our kids, we have kept ahead. security guards. "Now what do you suppose Shrimpton, relaxed, begins the meeting by This is one o! the skills an educator needs.'' was going on in there?" he asks-and then complimenting the student body president The process of keeping a.hea.d means rea.d­ answers himself, "a crap game." on his Afro hatr style. He discourses a little, ing what the kids are reading, knowing the He apologizes for the graffiti on the walls telling the students he thinks adults should problems in the communities where they live, and windows: "Magic marker is the bane of stay out of the learning process--"the more and talking, ta.lking, talking. our existence. It's the knife we used to use they stay out, the more you learn." "I think kids crave attention-someone to to carve our initials into trees." He invites group response to a student's communicate with,'' Shrimpton said. 44And He gently grabs a black student by the arm complaint that physical education teachers principals have tremendous egos. They gen­ and asks him to remove his cap. "It's almost had paddled some girls who were playing erally like people, especially kids, and must impossible to keep hats off In school," he re­ cards in class. know how to get along with them." marks. "A cap is a status symbol." The protester is soundly put down by the What Shrimpton terms the "real Job" in Even after the final bell rings for home students. high school-education-is done, he says, by room, a few students mill about stopping at "If those girls had gotten all the paddlings lockers or water fountains. Shrimpton lets the teachers. they needed at home in the basement," said "As they go, so goes the high school. I none escape without a mild rebuke. "Our one, "they wouldn't need any in school." halls are never empty," he laments. "That have one aim: to help the teacher in th~ Shrimpton outlines th~ administrative classroom." was one teacher's reaction to the story on rules permitting paddlings only with the ap­ in Woodward Life magazine last spring. The proval of the administrative head and in the article was a whitewash. Our teachers don't presence of a witness. believe that story." JUSTICE DOUGLAS Woodward was featured in the Life issue "I do not want, especially in this building, of May 16, 1969. One photograph showed a girls paddled," he says. student st:udying in an empty hallway. After discussing student plans to show a HON. CRAIG HOSMER movie at the school Shrlmpton a.djourns the Back in his office at 8:45, Shrlmpton ap­ OF CALIFORNIA pears pleased with his findings. "It's going meeting with a position statement. to be a nice, calm day." "Whatever you do, if it pulls us apart, I'm IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He meets with the security guards and going to stop you. If it brings us together, Wednesday, April 29, 1970 asks them to lock all the restrooms except I'm with you." two in the mornings before classes. The two At lunch with assistant principals in the Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker. I insert in are to be supervised closely, to discourage faculty dining room, Shrimpton is satisfied. the REcORD immediately following these tzoating crap games. "Did you notice that?" he asks. "Those remarks recent editorials concerning the Gulping coffee from a paper cup, he gives students were much more strict about disci­ conduct of Associate Justice William o. instructions to the maintenance staff to pline than I would have been... Douglas. The editorial from the Los An- 13498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 geles Times is headed "Justice Douglas las' suitability to remain on the Supreme California vineyards and the related Should Resign"; that of the Detroit News Court. We believe strongly that he should industries engaged in producing, process­ carries the heading "Douglas Should resign his position. ing, and distribution supply 250,000 tons Quit." (From the Detroit News, Apr. 18, 1970] of delicious raisins a year for eating, for The editorials follow: IMPEACHMENT? No!-DOUGLAS SHOULD QUIT cooking, for use in baked foods, and in {From the Los Angeles Times, Apr. 17, 1970} gourmet dishes. Shaken by tumultuous battles that ended JusTICE DouGLAS SHoULD RESIGN with the resignation of one justice and the The California Raisin Advisory Board, An effort is now under way in the House rejection of two nominees in a row, the as the industry's research, promotion, of Representatives to begin what will be a United States Supreme Court should not be and advertising a1m deserves high com­ complicated and perhaps very messy proc­ subjected to the further shock of impeach­ mendation for its role in the raisin indus­ ess leading to the possible impeachment ment proceedings. try's success. of Supreme Court Justice William 0. Douglas. House Republican Leader Gerald R. Ford, Utilizing funds provided by participat­ The legal question at issue is whether of Michigan, is encouraging such proceedings ing producer and processor members, Douglas has violated the vague constitutional against Supreme Court Justice William 0. Calrab carries on its program of ag­ requirement that, as a judge, he observe Douglas. While we share Ford's dismay over "good behavior" during his term of office. The the conduct of Justice Douglas, we think it gressive advertising and promotion not record of previous impeachment attempts ill-advised to undertake a remedy so drastic only domestically but in countries makes it plain that there is no consistent and divisive. throughout the world, by utilizing the standard by which "good behavior" may be However, it is certainly time that Justice U.S. Department of Agriculture's For­ defined. But if the historical record is un­ Douglas, in respect for the court, went into eign Agricultural Service. elear, the record of Justice Douglas is not. retirement. By the standards now prevailing As an example of raisin industry pro­ There is no doubt that in certain activities for admission to the Supreme Court, he could motion, California raisins are now being cff the bench Douglas has shown repeated never be confirmed if he were a nominee. insensitivity to the obligations of probity, He has engaged in at least two confi.icts featured in major restaurants at Expo restraint, taste and respect for judicial ethics of interest serious enough to have gotten '70, the world's fair currently underway which his high position demands that he nominees Haynsworth and Carswell hauled at Osaka, Japan. maintain. This insensitivity has demeaned out of town on a rail on the first day of their The California Raisin Advisory Board the court as an institution and Douglas' role hearings. These con:flicts compare, in fact, has developed the practically nonexist­ as a justice of that court. with the indiscretions which caused Abe For­ ent Japanese market to the No.1 export We do not speak here of Douglas' personal tas finally to withdraw from the court. market, which now consumes some 20,000 political views or his intimate private life, Douglas, it was revealed last year, served tons of California raisins each year. though these have undeniably helped to as the $12,000-a-year president of the Al­ infi.uence opinion against him in Congress. bert Parvin Foundation, organized by mil­ Also deserving of special commenda­ No public official, Supreme Court justice or lionaire businessman Albert Parvin, using tion is the work of the Federal Raisin otherwise, can be fairly expected or asked to proceedings from the sale of a Las Vegas Advisory Board and the Federal Raisin lead a cloistered existence, divorced from the gambling casino. In January of this year, Administrative Committee, which oper­ world and prohibited from speaking out on Douglas participated in a Supreme Court ate under Federal marketing orders, matters of personal concern. ruling involving Ralph Ginzburg, the smut which have done so much to bring about But at the same time we think it is un­ publisher, from whom Douglas had accepted arguably clear that many positions of public the orderly marketing of raisin crops and a $300 author's fee. have also been instrumental in the devel­ trust, foremost among these membership on Further, if it was fair to weigh Judge the highest court, do impose particular re­ Carswell's fitness by utterances he had made opment of export markets. quirements of prudence, wisdom and self­ in 1948 and long since has renounced, per­ I also wish to point out the important restraint in both public and private affairs. haps it is fair to weigh Douglas' fitness on the role of the Raisin Bargaining Associa­ On this score Justice Douglas has been basis of utterances he is making right now. tion, which during a brief span of less lacking. Douglas has just published a book which than 4 years has brought the raisin The most notable example was Douglas' is so naive, banal and inflammatory that it $12,000-a-year presidency, from 1962 until growers together in a concerted effort to might have been written by a hysterical give them a better voice in determining May of last year, of the Parvin Foundation, freshman caught up in a campus revolt. He which depended on Las Vegas gambling in­ reaches the height of his wisdom when he the prices they will receive for their terests for its financing. (The Times first concludes that "where grievances pile high products. revealed this connection in 1966.) Beyond and most of the elected spokesmen represent The raisin industry, which effectively this Douglas has peddled his name and the the Establishment, violence may be the only utilizes the self-help tools of sales pro­ prestige of his office to virtually any available effective response." motion and advertising in the best Amer­ forum, including most recently a magazine The book has now been condensed in an ican tradition, well deserves a special elevated in part to publication of explicit article in Evergreen magazine, where it has salute dwing this National Raisin Week. sexual pbotographs. been sandwiched in among pages of pictures In short, Justice Douglas has been a re­ of nudes. peated embarrassment to the Supreme Court Are these causes for impeachment? No. EARTH DAY a.nd, whatever his merits as a judge, to the Indications that it's time to retire? Unques­ Judicial system. He has been so obtuse on tionably, Justice Douglas has outlasted his questions of ethics and propriety that he usefulness and should bow out gracefully. should resign from the Court. . . • HON. JOHN H. DENT Foroing his resignation may in fact be the OF PENNSYLVANIA main point of the impeachment effort now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES NATIONAL RAISIN WEEK under way. We have noted before that, where Wednesday, April 29, 1970 grounds for impeachment exist, it is the con­ stitutional duty of Congress to act. But sev­ Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, during the eral things about the current move bother HON. ROBERT B. (BOB) MATHIAS course of last week, I received, as I am us. OF CALIFORNIA sure all of my distinguished colleagues The timing and politics of it concern us IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES received, much correspondence from deeply. It smacks too much of a vengeful counterploy folloWing the Senate's rejection Wednesday, April 29, 1970 constituents concerning the Earth Day activities. of Judges Haynsworth and Carswell as nom­ Mr. MA'l'lllAS. Mr. Speaker, the 61st inees to the high court. The activity of Of all the letters I received, I was most southern members resentful of the role annual National RaiSin Week, which we impressed by those from the young peo­ Douglas has played in key civil rights de­ are celebrating during the peliod April 26 ple in my district. These included all cisions also is disturbing. A justice's decisions through May 2, gives special recognition those who are not of voting age, from on the bench are no basis for impeachment. to the California raisin industry, which elementary school students to college We don't like either the involvement of produces, processes, and markets one­ students. Vice President Agnew in this affair. Impeach­ half of the world's supply of raisins. ment is the serious responsibility of the leg­ Mr. Speaker, can you ir::agine receiv­ National Raisin Week, the Nation's ing a letter from a fifth grader saying: islative, not the executive branch. Most of oldest food festival, calls attention to a all we dislike what is shaping up as a sordid When I grow up I don't want my kids to affair that could further besmirch the court quarter-billion-dollar industry which di­ grow up in dirty air. and irresponsibly involve it with partisan rectly involves some 32 million people in and ideological politics. the production, distribution, and sales of This is a child of 9 or 10 ·expressing The impeachment attempt has a long way raisins in the retail grocer and industrial her simple yet profound opinion on an to go, with no promise of success. That is and institutional handling of raisins in issue of national significance. These let.. iNelevant, however, to the question of Doug- all forms. ters have made me even more proud to April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13499 represent the 21st Congressional District They were asked: Fourth. Discipline, or the lack of it. of Pennsylvania. What, in their opinion, are the three ranks high in the concerns of respond­ When I first came to Congress 12 years most important problems in education ents across the Nation. The learning ago, receiving a letter from any young today? Why did they consider each of process must be preserved for those wno person was infrequent, unless it was di­ these to be important problems? What desire to learn, and strong remedies­ rectly related to his individual needs; and did they believe should be done to rem­ from expulsion of disruptive students to even those infrequent letters were from edy these problems? withdrawal of Federal funds from col­ young adults, much less a fifth-grade As any Congressman who has sent out leges unable to handle riots-are recom­ child. During the past few years, how­ constituent questionnaires can tell you, mended. Discipline in the classroom, dis­ ever, the growing awareness of our young citizens are not only flattered by being cipline on the campus, and disciplinary people has been made apparent to me asked to give their opinion, but they training at home are classified as serious and my colleagues, not only through cor­ are sending in responses by the thou­ voids in education today. respondence, but through the national sands and their answers are creating a Fifth. School systems lack sufficient media as well. This new interest and at­ valid picture of problems that are of na­ funds to operate properly. Complaints titude of our younger generation, Mr. tional concern to parents and taxpayers. include inadequate facilities and over­ Speaker, gives me great satisfaction and Eight States have completed their stud­ crowded classrooms. Suggested solutions confidence in our future. ies and filed a final report. Others are vary so widely as to be almost incapable They are demanding action and re­ tabulating their returns. Still others are of summary at this interim point, but all sults, which they have a right to do. continuing to ask the three searching do suggest that a wiser expenditure of They are often constructive enough to questions. However, an interim report has existing funds would alleviate part of the offer solutions to our problems. Many of been put together based on partial and problem. these problems, such as pollution, have complete returns from 18 States ~over­ Sixth. In almost all of the reports, pub­ been facing us for years and nothing ing every section of the country. lic helplessness is stressed. A need for has been concluded to alleviate them. Thus far, here is what the returns in­ community involvement-for continuing Those of us in this Chamber are elected dicate: communications without fear between representatives of the people. Although First. Foremost in the combined re­ parents and teachers and students and we are not totally responsible for the ports is the question of who shall control administrators--is pointed out. One of oversights of past years, we should share the local schools. The responses are over­ the States recommends that a National much of the fault; and we should be whelming in their support of local con­ Parent Association be formed to repre­ anxious to insure against additional years trol of the schools. Forced busing, Fed­ sent the opinions of parents. Another of oversight by taking positive and con­ eral control and judicial ratios are re­ suggests the creation of task forces at structive actions now. Some of us have jected by the public in favor of reten­ local, State, and Federal levels to deal been here long enough to react to prob­ tion of neighborhood schools. Busing with problems as they arise in education. lems without having them reach cns1s comes in for major attack on numerous Without a doubt, the key to unlocking proportions before we are impressed with grounds, ranging from the additional cost educational crises is to begin talking to the gravity of them. That is virtually to educational systems to buy and run one another. For this reason, among what has happened in the case of pollu­ buses, to the fact that students are de­ others, it is felt that the National Edu­ tion. prived of neighborhood association, to the cation Advisory Committee through its Mr. Speaker, I sincerely hope that we safety factor involved in mass transpor­ first phase, Operation Lend an Ear, nas here can take the message from the tation of children, to the extended school­ made and is making a vital contribution young people of the 21st Congressional day, and to the loss of parental choice in toward the identification and subsequent District. The message is clear. Let U! the school one's child will attend. solution of problems in education. clean our environment of the pollution Second. Problems relating to curric­ Let me urge Members of this body as which threatens our very existence on ulum also share the national spotlight, well as the other body, and members of this earth. with the need for more vocational educa­ the executive branch who have precon­ tion opportunities heading the list of ceived notions about how Americans feel problems in this area. It is felt that many with regard to busing, Federal control of of the problems being faced on campuses schools, neighborhood schools, attitudes OPERATION LEND AN EAR today stem from the fact that too many of teachers, patriotism, and other mat­ students are in college who do not belong ters so closely associated with education, HON. FLETCHER THOMPSON there. Vocational education is recom­ to carefully read and analyze the results OF GEORGIA mended as an alternate method of higher of this report. It is, to say the least, an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES education, with the suggestion that col­ eye opener. In addition, I believe it proves lege courses should not be considered the conclusively that we have not been Wednesday, April 29, 1970 only route for the student. lis·tening to the people. In my judgment, Mr. THOMPSON of Georgia. Mr. other curriculum comments stress the we ought to follow this procedure far Speaker, far too often, we in Congress need to emphasize the three R's, opposi­ more often so that we can truly hear and those in Federal agencies tend to de­ tion to certain types of sex education, what the people have to say rather than velop programs on the local and national parental approval of family and sex what bureaucrats want to think they are levels affecting education as well as oth­ courses is recommended, special pro­ saying. er vital programs with no consultation grams for the exceptional child, and the whatsoever with parents and school pa­ importance of teaching respect for our A CONCURRENT RESOLUTION PRO­ trons and taxpayers affected by them. American heritage, prayer returned to HIBITING THE INTRODUCTION It has been my experience, based on the schools, and the dissemination of in­ INTO CAMBODIA OF U.S. TROOPS, the response received from constituents formation on the drug epidemic. ADVISERS, OR ARMS SUPPLIES in answer to questionnaires sent by me Third. Qualified teachers appear to be to them, that citizens have a far dif­ at a premium, according to most of the ferent viewPoint about Federal programs reports filed. Many teachers are unable HON. JEROME R. WALDIE in many instances than attributed to to motivate students and lack interest in 011' CALIFORNIA them by either news media, Federal and individual students. Some of the problems IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES State officials and public officeholders. come about because of inordinate pupil­ Wednesday, April 29, 1970 ·orie of the most unique means of teacher ratios, but most of the blame is discovering the true concern of citizens placed on the failure to make teachers' Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I have about problems such as education has salaries attractive enough to entice good joined with Mr. TuNNEY of California in been developed by the National Federa­ people into the field of education and keep coauthoring a concurrent resolution pro­ tion of Republican Women based on a them there. Anti-American attitudes of hibiting the introduction into Cambodia pilot study conducted in the State of teachers, particularly at the higher edu­ of troops, advisers, arms supplies from Georgia. Through this program, known cation level, come under attack, with the the United States without the specific as "Operation Lend an Ear," citizens recommendation that we should not en­ consent of Congress, and further prohib­ were asked to share their concerns, their trust our children to a teacher who does iting the use of U.S. airmen or aircraft ideas, their suggestions and remedies on not believe in perpetuation of our Amer­ in Cambodia without congressional · vital problems of education. ican way of life. consent. 13500 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 The resolution further requests the has been excellent. I sent the question­ The controversial "no knock" provi­ President to call the Security Council of naire to every registered voter in the sion in the D.C. crime bill, which permits the United Nations into emergency ses­ district, and the di1ference of opinion ex­ police officers with a warrant to enter sion on the Cambodian issue. pressed on many of the questions reflects a house without knocking if they believe It is regrettable and tragedy in the the fact that all political persuasions drugs or other evidexwe may be destroyed, greatest extreme to review the actions of were represented. was endorsed by more than 70 percent of the President as he prepared this coun­ Last year I pointed out that there had those replying. try for the intervention of American been a major shift of opinion regarding Vice President AGNEW garnered strong arms and troops that occurred today in our continued involvement in Vietnam, support of his criticism of the news Cambodia. We have been treated to a with a large increase in the number of media, with less than one-fifth of those buildup this past week by statements respondents favoring withdrawal of U.S. answering expressing disagreement with from the White House describing the forces on a unilateral basis. This trend his opinion that they often present a Cambodian situation in the most peril­ is even more marked this year, with more biased view of the news. ous and dire terms imaginable to soften than three-fourths of those responding Perhaps surprising to some is the fact the blow that was delivered to the Amer­ favoring a course of action moving to­ that only 5 percent of those polled ican people and their Representatives in ward withdrawal of either all or most of thought more police was the best way Congress by the President this day. our troops. to reduce our soaring crime rate. I think At the risk of sounding as sick as I feel This feeling is particularly significant this answer can be attributed primarily with this enveloping tragedy, let me ex­ now that the Communists have broad­ to the basically rural nature of the 17th press my utmost concern with the utili­ ened the war to Laos and Cambodia. District. In large metropolitan areas high zation by the President of the same tired Asked on the opinion poll whether the visibility of the police serves as a deter­ phrases and excuses that his predecessor United States should become involved in rent to crime, but those participating in used to justify the initial intervention any way in Laos, 39 percent of those an­ our opinion poll, most of whom live in by America in Southeast Asia. swering marked "No." Only 8.5 percent small towns, believe tougher judges is the Is there an American this afternoon favored aiding Laos with both troops and best way to curb crime. that does not believe President Nixon has military supplies, and no doubt this feel­ Foreign aid expenditures, which have embarked this country on the same ing would extend to involvement in consistently been unpopular among the tragic, long, and fruitless path that we Cambodia. American people, would get the ax first have trod so unsuccessfully in Vietnam? The greatest unanimity was expressed in reducing the Federal budget. In a list It is not beyond comprehension that 4 on the question of whether schoolchil­ of a dozen spending programs, 22 percent years hence, President Nixon's successor dren should be used to achieve racial would cut foreign aid first. Space explo­ will be talking about the success of his balance in high school. A whopping 92.1 ration and development of the super- Cambodianization policy. percent expressed opposition to such -sonic transport were voted next in line for busing. some budget trimming. This may reflect RESULTS OF PUBLIC OPINION POLL In contrast to this overwhelming ma­ their high cost rather than an ordering OF OHIO'S 17TH DISTRICT jority, we found that 17th District views of priorities. on abortion almost resulted in a draw. I again tried to cover a broad range Nearly 47 percent favored legalizing of domestic and foreign policy questions HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK abortion, but more than 43 percent of in this poll and to word the questions in OF OHIO those replying were opposed. a fair and impartial manner. As I have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Another issue which did not show a often said before, representing the peo­ strong majority on either side was the ple of the 17th District in the Congress Wednesday, April 29, 1970 severity of penalties for first offenders is a two-way street. Having the benefit Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I have convicted of possessing or using narcot­ of their views on the issues covered by just completed my lOth annual opinion ics, with 55 percent opposed to softening this opinion poll works to our mutual­ poll of the 17th Congressional District of the sentence which under existing laws advantage. Ohio and, as in the past, the response is often quite harsh. The poll follows: 1970 PUBLIC OPINION POLL OF 17TH OHIO DISTRICT [In percent)

No No Yes No opinion Yes No opinion

1. Which of the following courses of action most closely parallels, 10. At the present time, the 1st conviction for illegal possession or your views regarding the Vietnam war? (Check 1) use of narcotics usually brings severe penalties such as a (a) I favor President Nixon's present plan to gradually prison sentence. Do you believe the law should be changed to withdraw most of our troops without reference to soften the sentence for the 1st offense of the user (as dis- any prior announced timetable but on the basis of tinguished from the seller of marihuana)? ______40.5 55.7 3.8 the administration's own best appraisal of condi- 11. Do you favor allowing police officers with a warrant to enter a tions in Vietnam ____ ------______32. 5 house without knocking in drug felony cases if they believe (b) I favor the President's plan for gradual withdrawal of drugs and other evidence being sought may be destroyed? __ 70.7 25 0 4.3 our troops from Vietnam but I feel that all of our 12. In your opinion, which of the following is most needed to reduce troops should be withdrawn ______27. 4 our soaring crime rate7 (Check 1) (c) I favor an announced withdrawal of all of our troops (a) More police------5. 0 from Vietnam by a specified date within the next (b) More and stricter laws ______13. 8 12 to 18 months ______16. 2 (c) Tougher judges ______46. 7 (d) I still favor taking those actions necessary to win the (d) More effort to reduce the social causes of crime •• 30. 0 4.5 war in Vietnam ______l8. 3 5.6 13. Do you think there is a need for a philosophical balance on the 2. If North Vietnamese Communists broaden the war to Laos, the Supreme CourtL ______------___ oL s 15.9 22.6 United States should: (Check 1) 14. Do you favor the eventual elimination of the military draft and (a) Aid Laos with troops and military supplies_ ____ 8. 5 the creation of an all volunteer army? ______55.0 34.6 10.4 (b) Aid Laos with military supplies only ______43. 2 15. Do you favor revision of our present welfare system whereby (c) Not become involved in any way ______39.4 8.9 the Federal Government would make up the difference 3. Do you approve of legislation which would liberalize controls between a family's earnings and an income determined on U.S. trade with Communist nations? ______32.9 51.4 15.7 by the Government to be the minimum necessary for a 4. In the Israel-Arab controversy in the Middle East, U.S. policy family? ______------______------____ ------__ _ 32.8 56.7 10.5 should be: (Check 1) 16. If such a program is enacted should there be any limitations (a) Continued assistance to Israel only ______42. 2 16.5 placed on the size of the family assisted?------64.5 21.0 14.5 (b) Treat both Israel and the Arab bloc the same •• .41. 3 17. In cutting the Federal budget, which areas would you trim 5. Should Israel return the territory it conquered in the 1967 war first7 (Check 3) with the Arab Nations? ______26.0 55.8 18.2 (a) Military expenditures ______lO.lO 6. Should the United States sell jet fighters to Israel since France (b) Aid to cities.------2. 24 and the Soviet Union have supplied the Arab bloc with planes? 58.4 26.9 14.7 (c) Antipollution programs------· 70 7. Vice President Agnew has criticized certain segments of the (d) Fore1gn aid------22. 30 news media, particularly the television networks, for, in his (e) Federal employees ______9. 60 opinion, often presenting an unbalanced or biased view. Do (f) Poverty programs ______3. 80 you agree with him?------______------72.4 16.8 10.8 (g) Supersonic transport______l2. 30 8. Do you believe that schoolchildren should be bused to achieve (h) Space exploration ______l3. 50 racial balance in high schools7 _ ------4.3 92.1 3.6 (i) Anticrime programs------· 36 9. Do you believe it should be made legal for a woman to terminate (j) Agriculture sup~rts------6. 00 her pregnancy at any time during the 1st 3 months of (k) Educational ass1stance. ------· 90 pregnancy? ______------____ ------__ ------46.8 43.6 . 1.6 (I) Beautification programs------6. 20 April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13501 If the defendants in the Rackley murder whether it aims to accomplish something MORAL FOLDEROL AT YALE trial are convicted, their trial will be subject else, the strike is hard to evaluate. Whatever to review by courts of appeal sitting in its purpose, the strike must remain nonvio­ HON. GILBERT GUDE greater calm and detachment than is pos­ lent and non-coercive. We also hope that the sible for the trial court. If the consti tutiona.l strike will not go on indefinitely. If it lasts OF MARYLAND rights of the defendants are infringed in any beyond a few days, a strike supposedly for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way, they will have recourse to the appellate social justice will clearly become a strike Wednesday, April 29, 1970 courts of the United States as well as to against the university and the free inquiry those of Connecticut. The proceedings at for which it stands. If the strike is to have Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, today's Wash­ every stage will be carried on in public and any usefulness to any except those who would ington Post includes an editorial on the will be reported to the American people. destroy the university, its purposes must be furor at Yale over the trial for the mur­ We share the views expressed by Prof. Eu­ clear and it cannot be allowed to drift into gene Rostow of the Yale Law School in a destructiveness. der of a member of the Black Panther letter written to the Yale Daily News prior What bappens beyond the strike is largely Party. It is deeply disturbing to watch to President Brewster's unfortunate state­ in the hands of the Yale student body. Over the confusion and dissension spreading ment . . . "Our chaplain," Professor Rostow the last few days, the administration and the in one of America's great universities. said, "would have served the cause of social faculty have lost control of the university. students who think it proper to make a justice, peace and brotherhood better ff he We can only hope that our fellow students murder trial into a political carnival had pronounced his anathema not on those will use their power with restraint. If the threaten to degrade and destroy the legal who seek to do justice but on those who seek community becomes further divided, if the to prevent justice from being done." It is, he rhetoric goes to higher levels, if violence institutions necessary to protect the added, "intellectually and morally wrong to begins, closing the university for the year rights of us all. Faculty members and charge that no black man can get a fair trial may become a serious possib111ty. Already administrators who ought to know bet­ in American courts today." closing for the week around the May 1 week­ ter have abdicated their leadership and We feel a great deal of sympathy, in addi­ end is being considered by the administra­ failed to support our legal system when tion, for Connecticut Superior Court Judge tion. We do not think such action is neces­ it needs it most. Herbert s. MacDonald who asserted that the sary yet. We firmly support those memb~rs As the Post editorial points out, re­ impediments to a fair trial for the indicted of the community who think we should wel­ Black Panthers come in large measure from come those who come for that weekend and sponsible leadership has come from a their champions. "They are the ones who do everything possible to alleviate the con­ student editorial in the Yale Daily News, have created the atmosphere of which they sequences of the violence which may de­ which I also commend to the atten­ now complain," he said, "and I include King­ velop. In the absence of anything approach­ tion of my colleagues. The author urges man Brewster in that category." The idea of ing leadership from the university and the restraint from members of the university, a mass demonstration designed to affect the city administration, it is good to see some­ and I hope his plea is heeded. Our courts outcome of a trial is offensive to the most thing approaching sanity from some mem­ are not perfect, and neither are our uni­ elementary concepts of due process. Those bers of the community. It has given us some versities, but only an idiot could believe who give countenance to such a tipping of reason to believe that Yale will emerge from the scales of justice need only reflect on their this crisis intact without falling victim to that reason and justice in our society will reaction if the Ku Klux Klan had staged a those who countenance violence and lawless­ be served by bringing these institutions mob scene at the courthouse where James ness as answers to the problems black people to their knees. Earl Ray was convicted of the murder of Dr. face in our society. The editorials follow: Martin Luther King. (From the Washington Post, Apr. 29, 1970] President Brewster has now said that he "did not intend to disparage the legal sys­ MoRAL FOLDEROL AT YALE tem." And no doubt he and Mr. Coffin meant THE PLIGHT THE RETffiEE Behind the furor over the Black Panther only to display compassion for the de'fend­ OF trial in New Haven, there is a stark, elemen­ ants and concern for their constitutional tary, inescapable fact when most of the rights. But they can hardly be credited with student body, much of the faculty, the chap­ cool leadership in a tense situation. Perhaps HON. JOE SKUBITZ lain of the university and even President the most sensible leadership came from the OF KANSAS Kingman Brewster seem to have forgotten. Yale Daily News in an editorial printed else­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The fact is that the case has a corpus delicti. where on this page today. A year ago the body of a Black Panther Wednesday, April 29, 1970 named Alex Rackley was found floating in A YALE STUDENT EorroR'S VIEW Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, I want to a Connecticut river; apparently Rackley had (NoTE.-The following editorial, on the share with my colleagues a letter from been tortured before being shot to death. call for a student strike at Yale in support This is not a fact which a civilized society one of my constituents which points up of the Black Panthers facing trial in New the dilemma of the civil service retiree can ignore. Haven, is reprinted from the Yale Daily News Bobby Searle, national chairman of the of last Wednesday.) in trying to keep up with the cost of Black Panther Party, and 13 other Black Last night's meeting at Ingalls Rink leaves living when the services he needs keep Panthers have been indicted for the mur­ us deeply troubled-not because there were rising and his cost-of-living increases der of Alex Rackley. A witness for the state calls for a strike we think is unwise, but be­ do not cover even minimal requirements. has testified that he was present in a New cause the meeting revealed just how great is I think his letter very aptly relates hls Haven apartment last May and heard Seale the confusion, the fear, and the ambivalence situation to the present existing condi­ call Rackley a "pig" and give an order to have within the university in the face of the Pan­ him killed; the witness says that he himself tions of all retirees. If his case can be ther trial and surrounding events. We are all described as representative of the prob­ took part in the kUling. Whether Rackley was facing a crisis of loyalties within ourselves. a loyal Panther or a "pig" we do not know. Although we cannot be sure that we are lems most retirees face then I think Con­ Nor do we have any opinion respecting the right, we believe that our institutions can gress should take another look at the reliability of the prosecution witness accus­ be refashioned around our ideals if we are retirement program and take proper ac­ ing the defendants; this witness was, him­ wllllng to make a commitment to that task. self, responsible for the murder according to tion to help these folks trying to live on The Panthers are calling our attention to a fixed income. some of the defendants. We believe, however, legitimate grievances, but we believe their that the fairest and most efficacious way to rhetoric and strategy is directed at leading The letter follows: determine responsib111ty for a murder is the Yale community to a polarity we will not DEAR MR. SKUBrrz: Please excuse me for through a crlmlnal trial conducted in ac­ accept. It is with this conviction that we writing a complaint as I'm not an habitual cordance with due process of law. have opposed the shutdown of the university complainer. I am a Civil Service retiree and It was, in our judgment, unwise and in­ many will attempt to begin today. The strike each time I receive a cost of living increase temperate for the chaplain of Yale, William will not bring justice to Bobby Seale and his my health insurance and hospital insurance Sloane Coffin, to say that the projected trial co-defendants. Even if we knew at this point raises. of the indicted men is "legally right but precisely what that justice was, it is naive My increase the 1st of January 1969 was morally wrong." And the same must be said , to believe that Yale could command and jus­ 4 % or $12.00 per month. My insurance was of President Brewster's assertion that he was tice would be done. The strike, we fear, will increased by $8.86 leaving me $3.14 increase. "skeptical of the ability of black revolu­ only further divide and polarize us. On November 1969 we received a 5% or tionaries to achieve a fair trial anywhere in But our opposition to the strike does not $16.00 cost of living increase and 1 January the United States." Admittedly, it is difficult mean that we can avoid the fact that many 1970 my insurance was increased by $7.68 for a legal system to deal dispassionately with may choose to participate in it. Because it leaving me an increase of $8.32. Now my real those who defy it and cast themselves outside is unclear whether the strike aims to attract estate taxes were raised by $125.00 per year it. But the remedy is not to be found either attention to our concern over the Panthers, and other insurance was raised so I actually in letting them have their way or in aban­ whether it aims to force Yale to yield on a receive about 10% less than I did before the doning the rule of law. number of long-standing grievances, or increases were granted. 13502 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 I a.m a member of the N.A.R.C.E. and would LENIN'S LEGACY It is in the light of such declarations, con­ like some kind of understandable answer sistently advanced for more than half a cen­ to this. Possibly you could appear at one of tury, that the motives of Communists must our N.A.R.C.E. meetings? be read. We have anxiously sought under­ Thanks. HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI standing of the Soviet Union thru various OF ILLINOIS treaties bearing on nuclear arms, and now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we are again negotiating with its representa­ MARINE PRIVATE FIRST CLASS JEN­ tives at the strategic arms limitation talks KINS GAVE LIFE FOR NATION Wednesday, April 29, 1970 in Vienna, SALT for short. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Remembering the trend of soviet pro­ HON. DON FUQUA Thursday, April 23, Chicago Tribune nouncements since the days of Lenin, we carried an article which I think is quite should warily take all overtures for accom­ OF FLORIDA timely and effectively emphasizes the modation with more than a grain of salt, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for the legacy of Lenin decrees the doom of proper interpretation that we should give the west. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 to the historical contribution or really, Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, Pfc. Robert I should say chaos, produced by Lenin. I Henry Jenkins, Jr., 20, gave his Nation direct the attention of the Members to LETI'ERS, WE GET LETTERS his most cherished possession-his Ufe. the editorial which follows: Last Monday America gave to his fam­ LENIN'S LEGACY HON. JOHN M. MURPHY ily the highest award for bravery within If the Soviet Union and its current oli­ our power to bestow-the Congressional garchy are "celebrating" the tOOth anni­ OF NEW YORK versary of the birth of Lenin-a date which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Medal of Honor. fell yesterday-the rest of the world cer­ Serving as a macbinegunner in Viet­ tainly has no occasion to do so. Lenin, Wednesday, April 29, 1970 nam on March 5, 1969, the 12-man recon­ interpreting Marxism according to his own Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. naissance team of which Private First lights, established a base for communism Speaker, as a public servant for many Class Jenkins was a member was oc­ in Russia, and from there he hoped to see years, you are well aware of the trials cupying a defensive position at Fire Sup­ it extended thruout the world in an un­ and tribulations in answering mail, most · port Base Argonne, south of the demili­ ceasing war to the death. That is his leg­ acy, and his successors still adhere to it. of it relevant but some of it spiteful or tarized zone. His design for conquest, centered with worse. Yet, the overflowing mailbags, Suddenly, the Marines were assaulted particular malignity against the United which pour daily into our respective of­ by a North Vietnamese platoon employ­ States, was this: "First, we will take eastern fices, are the lifeline-the direct con­ ing mortars, automatic weapons, and Europe, then the masses of Asia, then we will tact-with our constituency. As you are handgrenades. encircle the United States, the last bastion of also well aware, a certain public official Reacting instantly, Private First Class capitalism. We will not have to attack. It will fall like an overripe fruit into our hands." has made a questionable reputation at­ Jenkins and another marine moved into tacking the media for sending only the a two-man fighting emplacement and as The soviet succession has tenaciously held to this doctrine, for it heeded Lenin's words: bad side of the news into the homes of they boldly delivered accurate machine­ "As long as capitalism remains we cannot live the Nation. I believe that like the mail­ gun fire against the enemy, a North Viet­ in peace. In the end one or the other will man, who brings us some bad news, the namese threw a handgrenade into the triumph-a funeral requiem will be sung over media is not responsible for some of the emplacement. the soviet republic or over world capitalism." bad news it sometimes has to deliver. Private First Class Jenkins seized his Lenin's immediate successor, Stalin, quot­ In an excellent article in the April 11 comrade and pushed him to the ground, ing the thesis of the soviet oracle approvingly, added numerous glosses of his own. To think, issue of TV Guide magazine, NBC's New leaping on top of his companion to shield York News Manager Richard Graf sends him from the explosion. he said, that revolution can be carried out within the framework of bourgeois democracy up a "don't blame us" plea from the Absorbing the full impact of the det­ is madness. If the proletariat is to rule, it TV industry for a little more understand­ onation, Private First Class Jenkins was must prove its capacity to rule "by military ing from writing viewers. Under the leave critically injured and subsequently suc­ organization." to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I cumbed to his wounds. He had gallantly Again, Khrushchev: "If anyone thinks include Mr. Graf's definitive article to given his life for his country and for his our smiles mean the abandonment of the fellowman. teachings of Marx, Engels, and Lenin, he which we in the Congress can surely re­ Private First Class Jenkins was from is deceiving himself cruelly. Those who ex­ late: my district-Interlachen, Fla. pect this to happen might just as well [From the TV Guide, Apr. 11, 1970) wait for a shrimp to learn how to whistle." "DEAR Sm: You CuR" He is survived by his father, Robert H. Khrushchev told westerners at a diplomatic Jenkins, Sr., his mother, Mrs. Willie Mae reception, "Whether you like it or not (By Richard Graf) Jenkins, three sisters, Miss Ruby L. Jen­ history is on our side. We wn! bury you." When it comes time to write the definitive kins, Miss Roseline Jenkins, Miss Veron­ And from American television screens he history of television, someone should re­ ica Jenkins, and one brother, James A. told us, "Your grandchildren will live un­ member to include a good fat chapter on the Jenkins, all residing in Interlachen. der socLalism." link between television news and the U.S. To his family goes our deepest sym­ So it is no surprise that Leonid Brezhnev, mall. pathy. the Communist party boss, in a speech on The U.S. mail? This Nation can never forget the sac­ the eve of Lenin's anniversary, parroted the That's right. After 10 years in television same line. In threatening language he fore­ news, the last two as news director of a rifices made by men such as Robert H. told the destruction of the noncommunist local TV station, I find that a good part of Jenkins. Since the founding of this Na­ world, but he said that collapse would not my time is spent conducting a vigorous and tion, it has been men like this who have come of itself but thru "active and deter­ free-swinging correspondence with the listen­ allowed this Nation to prevail and for us mined action by all revolutionary forces." ing public. For any one of a hundred rea.sons, to enjoy the freedoms which are ours. The strugg~e. he said, could be "peaceful the public writes, and writes, and writes. Let us pray for the day when men will or nonpeaceful, legal or illegal," to topple Some of the mail is of the "Dear Sir: You beat their swords into plowshares and it the "still dangerous but already doomed cur ..." variety. In shrill terms, the writers will not be necessary for brave young fortress of imperialism." accuse me and mine of crimes both high At the Lenin School of Political Warfare and low, and denounce my intelligence, men like Robert H. Jenkins to be cut in 1931, Dmitri Manuilski, a soviet official morals and character, if any. Much of it down in the full flower of life. and later presiding officer of the United Na­ is thoughtful, refiecting the concerns of peo­ That day will only come after a long tions securty council, outlined the strategy: ple who become upset at what they ~or journey in search of peace and many "War to the hHt between communism and what they think they see-on the television sacrifices will be made by young men like capitalism is inevitable. Today, of course, screen. All of it is interesting. this. we are not strong enough to attack. . • . We have a firm policy at our shop of an­ He gave his all. This medal is the trib­ To win we shall need the element of sur­ swering every letter we receive. Despite the ute of all Americans to him for his gal­ prise. The bourgeoisie will have to be put to occasional trauma it causes, it's a good sleep. So we shall begin by launching the policy. For one thing, it requires me to con­ lantry and devotion. most spectacular peace movement on record. stantly re-examine our practices and to ex­ His name is now enshrined forever "The capitalist countries, stupid and de­ plain them logically. For another, it's given among the heroes of the ages of this cadent, will rejoice to cooperate in their me an iron self-control that would draw re­ Nation. own destruction." spectful glances at a reunion of the Brigade April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13503 of Guards. And for a third, it's taught me Second, not a few of the demonstrators in 47 words. It was about a college president that many of my pen pals haven't the fog­ any crowd are violently anti-press. I've been who was so miffed by critics of the way he giest notion of how we operate. called some pretty interesting names in my handled student disorders that he resigned. Why do people write? I suppose it's be• time, but the one that took a little getting The lady rushed to her typewriter and fired cause of the nature of our business. Our used to was "Establishment pig!" off a letter which began: "What's wrong with reporters and camera crews not only gather Third, once you start self-censoring the the media?" Then, in two single-spaced pages, the news, they're highly vislble both on and news, however noble your motives, where do she told me-what was wrong With the media, off the television screen. When you do your you stop? As I told the professor, "News that's with me, with the company I keep and With thing in public, you're bound to invite com­ only a little bit censored is like a girl who's men generally. ments. only a little bit pregnant. You can kid your­ A good many of the people who write are What disturbs me and others in the field self for a while, but pretty soon the truth of annoyed by some aspect o! our political cov­ is the growing tendency to blame television the matter becomes all too apparent." erage. Many of them construe the Equal Time for causing the very news it reports. We live, In case you think it's all one way, we get rule to mean that we are obliged to give every as my boss once said, in a surly time. Much blamed for not covering demonstrations, too. candidate the same amount of time on every of the news we broadcast each day is bad, Last December I got two angry letters in one news program; and that when it comes to in the sense that it's uncomfortable, dis­ day, chiding me for not sending a reporter controversial issues, we are similarly obliged turbing and even repellent. It's a demon­ and camera crew to cover a street protest of to give precisely the same amount of time, strated lesson of history that the bringer some size. Apparently, there are now "good" in the same program, to both sides of the of bad news is often blamed for the bad and "bad" demonstrations, and it's up to us issue. When I answer this type of complaint, news itself. to decide which is which. For the life of me, ! point out that Equal Time applies only to I see it first hand almost every morning. I don't know who's supposed to make this legally quallfl.ed political candidates, that the As soon as I open the mail folder, words like fine distinction. Maybe I can get the Good­ relevant section of the Communications Act ..biased • . • slanted . • . staging news • • • News Editor to do it..•. refers to "equal opportunity," and that regu­ arrogant .•• sneering ... nit-picking ••• I remember another demonstration we larly scheduled news programs and news in­ un-American" and worse start buzzing didn't cover. It was a late-evening gathering terview shows are speclfl.cally exempted from around my head like angry bees. Like the at Columbia University, during its time of the rule. mutter of distant drums I keep hearing the trouble. An intense young lady called up and Last summer, during the early days of the same refrains: ". • • If you didn't cover demanded that we dispatch a camera crew to campaign for mayor, there were complaints demonstrations, there wouldn't be any. • . • the scene. No reporter, thank you; just a that the incumbent was receiving a lot of ex­ Why don't those kids get haircuts? Who camera crew. posure while his two opponents were getting cares what they think? •.. Your reporter was "Why?" I asked. comparatively little. It was true-one oppo­ obviously biased; he asked such nasty ques­ "We need your lights," she explained. I nent was vacationing in Europe, the other tions.••• Why don "t you put on some good advised her to wait for daylight, and hung upstate. They knew, just as we knew, that news for a change?" up. when they got back to town, things would So far, at least, I haven't lost my cool and Then there are those who charge that our even out. And so they did. started screaming for somebody, anybody, to coverage of demonstrations foments vio­ I find as I wade through the mail that get me a Good-News Editor. I have, despite lence. Well, how about Woodstock? There I'm often held to account for reporters' per­ frequent fits of exasperation and melan­ were hundreds of thousands of people, and sonalities. A lady in Jackson Heights got cholia, tried to understand what's bugging millions of dollars worth of camera gear, on quite indignant in telling me that one re­ the television-watching (and writing) pub­ that farm near Bethel, N.Y., yet there was no porter "slanted" the news, without telli~g lic. Bitter experience has taught me not riot. me how; that two others were "sneering, to let the mail pile up, so I have tried to What about Moratorium Day, last Oct. 15, superior and supersophisticated," and that compose reasoned, appropriate and generally when hundreds of thousands of New York­ still another did a "rude" interview, replete polite replies. And wherever and whenever ers took to the streets? From midnight to with "petty carping and nit-picking." I could, I have tried to get across a few midnight we shot over 28,000 feet of news­ All I could tell her was that I do not em­ simple rules for television news-watching. film, and we had live cameras in Bryant Park ploy reporters for their good manners. Re­ A good many of my correspondents are for the big rally of the day. When we reviewed porters are not paid to engage other in­ fond of quoting the Equal Time provision the film for our year-end show, we found just dividuals in polite conversation. "They are,'" of the Federal Communications Act to me, over 18 feet of film of anything like violence. I wrote, "paid to represent the collective usually and wildly inaccurately. OK, I here­ A few angry shouts, some shoving-nothing curiosity of the audience; and as such, it is more than you'd encounter any evening on sometimes necessary !or them to sacrifice by pick up the gauntlet and demand equal the IRT's Broadway local. some of their good manners to get at the time for my own set of rules for news watch­ Another common complaint about tele­ truth." ers. There aren't many of them, but they are vision news is that it is biased. Usually, I don't regard it as unreasonable to ex­ important: there's nothing specific about the charge. pect that before criticizing us about our 1. Television news isn't anything like The writer just says we're biased, strolls away coverage of politics, or any other continuing newspapers, so stop making comparisons. and leaves me wondering what he's talking story, our critics watch a week's range of 2. It isn't anything like magazines or about. Last summer, during the mayoralty programs. On any given program, whatever books, either. campaign, a telegram came in with the fol­ the length, there are any number of rea­ 3. We're professionals in a difficult trade. lowing inscrutable message: sons why we'll have more of one political We're not press agents for the establlshed "Many people becoming concerned over candidate than another. Maybe one gave the order of things. your biased coverage. Please change your same speech we carried the day before. May­ 4. If you're going to criticize television policy." I looked at that one for a long time, be he was jumpy and irritable over the de­ news, you have to watch it regularly. and then I remembered an incident from mands of a maddening schedule, and we 5. When you do, pay attention. the previous year. decided not to show him screaming like a 6. H you're going to criticize us, do it for It was during the bitter school strike, when fishWife at his staff. Maybe he was tired and what we are, not for what you think we much of New York City was caught up in took the day off to rest. Are we then to should be. an ugly racial conflict. Both sides in the plead With him to say something, anything, I arrived at this brief list after answering, dispute were on the streets early and often, just to balance out his opponent's hard day for perhaps the hundredth time, a letter and the lodestar for their demonstrations on the stump? You're not suggesting that from someone upset about our coverage of a during one two-week period was City Hall. we engage in a little news staging, are you? student demonstration. This time it was an We sent a mobile unit with live cameras I didn't think so. assistant professor of English at the col­ to cover two massive late-afternoon rallies My all-time favorite letter was the one lege in question. held a week apart at City Hall. One was by from a lady on Park Avenue. It landed on "I have for some time now," she wrote, the striking teachers union, the other by my desk the day after our election cov­ "felt that if campus demonstrators were not supporters of the experimental school dis­ erage. She didn't like it. given the banner headlines and equivalent trict at the heart o! the storm. So help me, "You fellows with your projections, prog­ exposure on television and radio shows and the same thing happened at each rally. A nostications, jump-the-gun announcements news reports, many of them would soon re­ group of demonstrators marched in front and anticipatory and abortive conclusions turn to their books. . . . Perhaps, after all, of our live cameras, glared into the lens, have robbed us of the right to think, sur­ some news is not fit to print ..." shook their fists and shouted: "Tell the truth, mise, conjecture and guess," she said. "You It was an intelUgent, thoughtful letter, NBC. Tell the truth.... " have deprived us of will, reactions and intel­ from someone sincerely concerned about a Apparently, we had offended both sides in ligent supposition. In other words you have social problem. So I wrote back in the same the same way: we weren't obviously for them, turned us into vegetables rotting with spirit, raising in the process a few points that so therefore we were against them. I would inertia." I thought were worth considering: have tried to expound on this point to my Wow! Did we do all that? I hastened to First, why are the kids out there demon­ friend who sent the telegram, but I couldn't. assure her that 1f we did, it wasn't inten­ strating? Surely they must be for or against He forgot to include his address. tional. A few days later, back came a pleas­ something. Shouldn't we at least hear what When it comes to overreacting, consider ant little missive on her personal note they have to say before kissing them off as the lady in Yonkers. She heard an item on paper. publicity-hungry troublemakers? one of our ne,.. s programs which ran exactly "I think you are all doing a splendid job CXVI--850-Part 10 13504 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 and, save for a small protest here and there, Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ GUARANTEED CHARITY-THE I'll continue to regard you as my favorite tically practicing spiritual and mental LATEST MERRY-GO-ROUND station," she wrote. She closed with some genocide on over 1,400 American pris­ chatty words about Chet Huntley's hair and Kyle Rote's teeth. oners of war and their families. HON. JOHN R. RARICK I'll be honest-I'd much rather answer a How long? letter such as that than, say, one objecting OF LOUISIANA to the slightest display of humanity by one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of our newsmen. Every so often I'll get a Wednesday, April 29, 1970 letter telling me that one of our people JAMES W. SYMINGTON OPINION smiled, or shook his head, or suffered his SURVEY RESULTS Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, under leave voice to shake a Uttle while delivering a to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I story; and that this was an unwarranted, include the following: unfair and possibly illegal -editorial com­ HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON [From the Rural Louisianan, April 1970] ment. For the life of me, I don't know OF MISSOURI where I'm going to get robots to deliver the BITTER FRUITS OF .AN EASY LIFE-REAL POVERTY news. The last time I looked, all of our peo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BREEDS DESPAm, NOT REBELLION ple were human-very much so, or they Wednesday, April 29, 1970 (By Mark H. Bonner Jr.) wouldn't be in the news business. What Stark poverty-the kind that warps bodies strikes me as curious is that the respond­ Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I am and Ininds-stalked the cotton fields, towns ents are implying that they can be in­ pleased to provide for the RECORD the and villages of the South in 1933. fluenced by a lifted eyebrow, a twist of the results of a March 1970 opinion survey The entire nation was in the midst of the lips or a tremor in the voice. which I conducted among my constitu­ greatest depression in American history. Finally, let us consider the repeated caHs ents in the Second District of Missouri. Millions walked the streets and rural roads in for "good news" as against "bad news." If This profile of public views has been desperation while former millionaires dived I've read it once, I've read it a thousand highly informative and useful to me and out of 30-story windows along Wall Street times in my mall: "Why don't you put on by the dozens. · some good news for a change?" I greatly appreciate the time and Here in the South, long a victim of a feudal Well, news is where you find it. Nobody thought invested by the thousands of cotton economy and oppressive economic pol­ in television news that I know of likes one families who completed and returned the icies, few fainilies were fortunate enough to kind of news any better than any other opinion ballots. I invite readers of the eat well. Still less ate a balanced diet, wit­ kind. We use the same standards of news­ REcoRD to draw their own impressions nessed by the boils and constant sores on the worthiness, importance and interest in and conclusions from the following re­ mouths of children-bloated stomachs, bowed selecting all stories for broadcast, the good legs and rotten teeth. as well as the bad. As professional news­ sults: men, however, we must show you the world OPINION SURVEY, MARCH 1970, SECOND CON­ A SYMBOLIC BOY as it really is, not as we'd like it to be. GRESSIONAL DISTRICT, Mo. Symbolic of millions of youngsters, a bare­ What concerns us far more than the merits [Answers in percent) foot boy, sporting a belly blown up with pinto beans and sour milk, followed an old of "good" vs. "bad" news is no news, or 1. What do you feel is the most important news so hemmed in by rules and restrictions mule up and down the seemingly endless cot­ cause of the increase in crime in the streets ton rows. He was now the son of a share­ as to be meaning·!ess. throughout the nation? A gentleman in Uniondale, N.Y., watched cropper. us one night, snapped off the set, then sat Lack of adequate police forces and The family farm, a pride and joy since early down and dashed off an agitated letter. training ------6. 0 American history, had been lost the year be­ "I am getting sick and tired of you news Underlying social tension connected fore in the first gulps of the Great Depression. media," he wrote. "If there is anything with urban probleins------35. 0 His family now lived in a shack among the controversial, you are certain to bring it Ineffective judicial, correctional, and re- lowest of the low-southern sharecroppers. to the forefront. If there is anything con­ habilitation systexns and f'acilities ___ 59. 0 When the plow hit a stump or a submerged structive or of b. peaceful nature, it sure does root, as it often did, the lad cried in lonely not appear on your station." 2. In order to combat the rising national frustration. Only 14, he was too small to dis­ I wasn't too unhappy with my reply: crime problem, which of the fOllowing would lodge it without strength born of despera­ " ••• Controversy makes news. We don't you most favor: tion. They were not tears of defeat. cause the controversy, we just report it. We Increased Federal aid directly to local They were tears of rage-at the whole fu­ can't ignore it, or assume that if we keep law-enforcement agencies______4. 0 tility of the thing, at the stark reality of five­ silent the controversy will go away. It's Reform of judicial procedures, and more cent cotton, 200% interest at the country there, it affects a lot of people and we have personnel, to make trials more expe- store when it would extend credit; at hunger, to report it. dient------20.0 at watching frantic parents grow old before "Often, controversial news obscures news Giving judges authority to detain their time, seeing smaller sisters and brothers of peaceful, constructive change. But I can criininals prior to trial, together with grow pale and listle~o often dismissed by assure you that we, too, get tired of all the stronger punishment and less oppor­ bureaucratic do-gooders as "Southern" lazi­ shouting. We're delighted when we have a tunity for parole------46. 0 ness. positive, upbeat story to show you. There Greater emphasis on rehabilitation and The lad following the plow wore no shoes. are times when all the news of the day is after-care programs, and better treat­ His toes were horny and sore from repeated of crisis nature. We, llke you, just have to ment facilities, for both adult and banging against dry clods and perisimon hang in there, hoping for better days. When juvenile offenders------30. 0 roots, always present in poor and depleted they come, as they &!ways do, you '11 hear son. He did not mind the shoes so much. He about them. 3. Would you favor wage and price con- did wish for a shirt to shield him from the "Until then, don't get discouraged. We're trols to help curb inflation? burning sun. His one "blue jumper" had to not, and we're much closer to the firing llne be saved for Sunday. than you are." ~es ------62.0 What a future! Coal oil lamps when there And now, if you will excuse me, I have to ~0------38.0 was a nickel to buy a gallon of oil; and when get back to work. The mailman's here. 4. Do you feel direct negotiations between there wasn't the family sat in the dark or Arabs and Israelis are essential to a peace­ burned a rag floating in a bowl of pig fat. ful resolution of the Mid-East conflict? The smoke helped to keep away the mosqui­ toes in a home without screens. ~es ------88.0 When there was meat, which was seldom, MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ No------12.0 HOW LONG? it was salted fatback from a runty "shoat" 5. The Ways and Means Committee con­ (pig to moderns). Fresh meat was a rarity. tinues to consider changes in the social se­ It had to be eaten at one sitting, or salted, curity system, including medicaTe. Of the simply because there was no refrigeration, HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE following, which do you think is most nec­ giving rise to more mouth sores and constant OF IOWA essary: indigestion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Automatic cost-of-living adjustments WHY FOLLOW A MULE? Wednesday, April 29, 1970 in benefits------53.0 Why work? Why do anything? Why follow Liberalized ceilings on outside earn- a poor mule to nowhere? Why not steal, loot, Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child ings without reducing payments to riot, plunder, or even kill-anything to as­ asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: beneficiaries ------36. 0 sure survival? "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my Allow eligib111ty at age 62 for men, the Why didn't he and the desperate horde o! husband alive or dead?" same as for women ______11. 0 his day rebel against a second-class society, April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13505 take the law into their own hands? Surely cated to preventing poverty, to assuring hu­ community who want him to know that we the "end result would have justified the man rights and preservation of world order. are proud of him and the multitude of other means" under such circumstances! The lad from behind the mule and his mil­ young people here and over the country who Why didn't ·he hate, and hate and hate, lions of cohorts in poverty and depression are showing us in various daily ways that the government, the establishment-every­ created the most amuent society the world there will be a future better than the pres­ body and everything? He did not ask to be has ever known. ent. born. Surely he had a right to rebel, riot, They provided welfare for the needy, and or throw bombs-forget his troubles with even not so needy. They assured home loans d ope, sex binges, or something. backed with taxpayer dollars; free educa­ SUPPORT FOR H.R. 16188 He did not for a lot of reasons. In the tion, hot lunches, medicare, old age pensions; first place, victims of real poverty cannot college grants and loans, rural electrification, help themselves. They do not have the price supports, guaranteed wages; urban re­ HON. WILLIAM D. FORD money or the means to organize, to plot, newal, social security; food stamps for the OF MICHYGAN speak out, travel about the country for all hungry and not so hungry; civil rights, to sorts of causes; to buy dope, wine, women, name a very few, many of which, few can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES song, or to march, riot and demonstrate. deny, are very essential. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 There were no social security or welfare They made the new world so eMy that checks for parents, dependent children, il­ youngsters were not permitted to work. They Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD. Mr. Speaker, legitimate or otherwise. There were no hot (we) made it so easy not to work, that wel­ the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe school lunches to supplement the beans, sour fare has become a way of life for millions Streets Act of 1968 was hailed as a major milk and cornpone; no college grants upon at the expense of those who will. breakthrough in the battle against crime which to launch demonstrations and liberal Our mistake? We created an easier life. in our Nation. Now, it appears that the causes, or to burn down dormitories and Also, we forgot the "Thou Shalt Nots . . ... confidence placed in this legislation has administrative buildings. in our zeal to assure our children a better There were no urban or rural renewal proj­ life than the lad had who followed the mule, been frustrated by the manner in which ects; no low-rent housing; no electrification sans shoes, sans shirt. Federal funds have been distributed by to conserve food and to light the shacks; The povertystricken do not rebel. They the State planning agencies. no farm price supports. There were no cannot. The administration has not provided guaranteed wages for workers; no food The crime, rebellion, dope and disorder the leadership promised in this field, and stamps or commodity programs for the ask­ threatening our American heritage--the the block-grant approach provided by ing; no marketing aids; no federally-sup­ American dream--come not from poverty. this legislation has failed to provide ported credit associations to assure a loan at They are the bitter fruits of any easy life. reasonable rates; no medicare, no old age We failed to create a better world. We have those urban areas with the highest crime pensions; no training programs to close the given too much and demanded too little in rates the funds necessary to tackle the "poverty" gap. return. serious problems they face. The lad of 1933 had only his poor mule, Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this two strong hands, and a burning desire to opportunity to announce my support for help create a better world. No, he had more WE CAN BE PROUD OF ... H.R. 16188, a proposal which would than that. eliminate the inherent weaknesses of the HAD GOOD PARENTS Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets He had parents who believes in God-that Act of 1968, and insure that the funds God first helps those who help themselves. HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY OF INDIANA reach those urban areas with high crime He had parents who encouraged him that rates, as Congress originally intended. rewards ultimately come to those who work. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the passage of this bill, many fears He did not riot, loot, steal, plunder or Wednesday, April 29, 1970 murder simply because his Christian parents were expressed that the block-grant ap­ taught him that defiance of God's universal Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, the follow­ proach to approprtation would not serve laws are unth1nkable--"Thou shalt not ing editorial from the April 17, 1970, those urban areas where aid was most steal." Thou shalt not do anything to dis­ Shelbyville, Ind., News, speaks for itself, needed, because State governments re­ honor God, family or country. when it expresses the pride the com­ sponsible for the distribution of Federal Thou shalt NOT ... ! munity feels in Jeff Held, a 16-year-old funds have traditionally been rurally They taught him that family pride, per­ Shelbyville High School sophomore. oriented. This has, in fact, proved to be sonal pride and integrity, stand above pov­ His record in the recent Central In­ the case. erty, above princes and kings; above the For example, the city of Detroit ac­ desire for shoes and a shirt to cover a bare diana Region Science Fair at Indian­ back in a burning sun. apolis is truly outstanding. Seven awards counts fo!" 40 percent of the crime that They and his teachers in the little rural in the senior division, and first place for occurs in the State of Michigan. Yet school gave him the American dream-that lOth grade physical sciences, will now Detroit received only 18 percent of the America IS a land of opportunity for those send him to a National Science Fair in $1.05 million in anticrime funds appro­ willing to work and to sacrifice--that educa­ Baltimore, in May, as the Central In­ priated to Michigan last year. tion opens the windows of the mind to new diana Region representative. Grand Rapids, with a population of horizons. The editorial follows: 205,000, and one of the cities where riot­ One day, the lad left the poor mule stand­ ing prompted passage of this legislation ing 1n the middle of the field to pursue WE CAN BE PROUD OF ••• in 1968, received only $188 in Federal the American dream. He hitchhiked to col­ Amid the growing concern over increasing funds. This payed for two-thirds of the lege, got a job, numerous jobs-cleaned toi­ drug use by young people, coupled with other lets, dug ditches, waited on tables. disturbing behavior of those in the so­ cost of two Polaroid cameras and one Then, he marched off to wru for four long called tender years, we can still take proper fingerprinting set. years to protect the American dream for all pride in the vast majority who are leading Delta County in the Upper Peninsula, mankind. He and the millions of his kind, purposeful lives and are adding luster to with a population of 100,000 less than proud, patriotic, burned no flags, did not the traditional values which long ago the city of Lansing, received $15,000 to demonstrate against the draft, or run off to placed the stamp of greatness on this nation. train volunteer probation aides for work Canada. They did not drown their senses We feel this pride in a great many youths with misdemeanor offenders. The city of with pot or LSD. across the land, and it is brought into sharp Lansing received only $600. focus every time one or a group of them DREAM OF A BE'l"l'ER WORLD achieves some worthy goal or takes one more For the purpose of fighting organized They came home determined to build a step along the path of such achievement. crime, Frazer, a community of 13,000 in better world for their children. These pov­ An example was provided a few days ago Macomb County, received grants total­ erty-reared youngsters, from Maine to Cali­ when a Shelbyville High School sophomore, ing $5,325. The city of Livonia, with a fornia, to Louisiana did build a new society 16-year-old Jeff Held, won seven awards in population of 102,000 received nothing. through law and order-through due process the senior division at the Central Indiana Roman Gribbs, mayor of Detroit, cites in the American tradition. Region Science Fair at Indianapolis. Jeff, son drug addiction as that city's most seri­ They sent the Sam Rayburns, the LBJs, of Mr. and Mrs. Arnold D. Held, won first the Clarence cannons, George Norris', Hubert ous problem in fighting crime. Though place for lOth grade physical science. the majority of Detroit's crime problem Humphreys, Richard Nixons, Dwight Eisen­ He will compete in the National Science howers, Harry Trumans, John Kennedys, Fair to be held May 12-16 at Baltimore, Md., stems from narcotic addiction, Mayor Richard Russells, and legions more· to Wash­ as the representative of the Central In­ Gribbs claims the city simply does not ington to create the new society. The orderly diana Region Science Fair. We wish him well, have the funds for the needed drug reha­ revolution envisioned a humane society dedi- and we Join a great many people of this bilitation clinics. 13506 EXtlNSIO~S OF ~.L\!ARKS April 29, 1970 Of 12 States surveyed by the Urban Hardly anyone batted an eyelas}l., yet the The amount of the extra training Coalition Action Council in 1969, it was tears flowed down the cheeks of relatives of bonus has been raised; found that only 2 percent of the anti­ servicemen who were crught up in a senseless war and lacked a "Mission Control" to guide The manpower agency would reim­ crime funds received by these States was them home. burse trainees for the cost of attending directed for use in narcotics control. An­ training programs, and other field contributing to the rising Child day care facilities are to be pro­ crime rate-juvenile delinquency-re­ vided, which will make training and em­ ceived only 5 percent of these funds. FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN NEEDED ployment possible for a large number of In 1968, there were almost 4.5 million mothers. serious crimes committed in the United For the aged, blind, and disabled, the States, according to FBI Director J. RON. LEE H. HAMILTON FAP consolidates existing Federal-State Edgar Hoover. The FBI's Uniform Crime OF INDIANA programs and sets Federal eligibility Reports show an increase of serious IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES standards and income exclusion provi­ crimes of 17 percent over 1967. Violent Wednesday, April 29, 1970 sions. The bill provides a minimum pay­ crimes increased 19 percent over the pre­ ment of $110 per month for all aged, vious year, and crimes against property Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I sup­ blind, and disabled eligibles who have no rose 17 percent. All geographic areas ported the family assistance plan­ other income. This is an average increase were affected by the growing trend, with FAP-bill in the House because its defeat per month of $42. would have meant, intentionally or not, the greatest increase occurring in the RESPONSE TO ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE FAP large cities. It is quite sobering to real­ the continuation of a welfare system ize that in the past decade the risk of that has just not worked. First. It rewards nonwork. The present becoming a victim of a violent crime has I have some reservations about the welfare system does, but the FAP does more than doubled, and that the rise in President's FAP. I cannot guarantee that not. By providing help for the first time serious crime has outstripped our pop­ it will solve our welfare problems. I can to the working poor-those who work ulation growth 11 to 1. guarantee that the present system will full time but for poverty wages-the In a sense, recitation of statistics is not solve them, and I am willing to try present policy of penalizing work and re­ super:fluous to a discussion of crime; an a new approach. warding nonwork is reversed. No longer acute sense of aw~reness has been bru­ THE PRESENT WELFARE SYSTEM IS A FAILURE will a man have to quit his job or have to tally brought to the minds of nearly all The present system, and especially leave his family in order for his family concerned Americans. Yet discussions that part of it knowr.. as aid to families to receive assistance. and recitations continue with no visible with dependent children-AFDC-has Second. It helps the shiftless unem­ relief in sight. gotten out of hand, and the Federal Gov­ ployed. The present welfare system does, The glowing promises of the present ernment is helpless to restrain or control but not the FAP. Of the 1.4 million male administration to alter this dismal pic­ it under present law. Since 1960, operat­ family heads classified as employable ture are easily recalled, but rhetoric alone ing costs of AFDC have tripled-to a who would be eligible under the FAP, only does not make one feel safe walking our current $4.3 billion annually-and could an estimated 30,000 have done no work cities' streets at night, or secure when rise to $12 billion by 1975. during a 12-month period. No one can leaving his personal property unattended. In addition, the present program has continue to receive benefits under the The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe many weaknesses, among them these: FAP unless he registers for or trains for Streets Act of 1968 was a positive step in It is perverse in its incentives, since it work. combating the increase of crime in our encourages the breakup of homes and Third. It is a guaranteed annual in­ Nation. H.R. 16188 will strengthen the does not encourage recipients to train for come. The present AFDC program is a original intention of this legislation, and jobs; guaranteed annual income, because pay­ facilitate immediate response to the It is difficult to administer and often ments are made with no regard for the growing problem before us. Further delay degrades the recipient; efforts of the adult family members to will serve only to strain the limits of en­ It provides no benefits to many in need achieve self-sufficiency through work or durance of our law-abiding citizens, and and, to others, benefits too meager to training. The FAP bill would have es­ strengthen the challenge to our way of meet basic needs; and tablished a guaranteed annual income if life. It fosters the very conditions that it it were not for the training and work is supposed to relieve, since it adds to incentive programs. The classic defini­ social unrest by drawing millions of per­ tion of a guaranteed annual income is an BACK ON EARTH sons into the urban slums. income which assures money regardless THE FAP of work or need or earnings. The FAP is exactly the opposite. I did not vote RON. WAYNE L. HAYS The FAP provides for minimum stand­ for a guaranteed annual income. I voted OF OHIO ard payments, with federally assisted to increase pressure on the poor to take IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES State supplements, for poor families with jobs. I voted for a supplement to the Wednesday, April 29, 1970 children, in place of the AFDC program. income of the individual who is working It also provides for uniform, nationwide and not making enough to supply his Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, under the eligibility requirements and payment family with the ordinary needs of life, leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ procedures, thus cutting out much of the but who is not now on welfare. I will pay ORD, I include a perceptive editorial administrative redtape associated with this supplement and get this man to the written by Mr. Ray Dean, editor of the the present system. employment office, because if something Salem, Ohio, News. Under the FAP, all adult family assist­ is not done he will become one of the I am sure that the thought expressed ance recipients, except for those few additional millions added to our present in the editorial will be of interest to my specifically exempted, are required to AFDC program. colleagues. The article follows: register for training or employment and Fourth. It costs too much. There is no BACK ON EARTH to accept suitable opportunities when of­ doubt but that the FAP is expensive. But The dramatic race back to earth's safety fered. If an eligible person fails to regis­ the cost of the FAP must be weighed for our courageous three Apollo 13 astro­ ter for work, he will not receive the against the projected costs of the pres­ nauts has caused the attention of concerned benefits; if he refuses a suitable job or millions of persons, in our nation and training his benefits will be canceled. ent welfare system. We have no chance abroad, to be focused on a moon voyage The strongest work incentives, of of curbing the costs of the present sys­ which almost proved disastrous. course, are the monetary benefits which tem. We have a good chance under the The dramatic space voyage was unequalled accrue to the wage earner. But there F AP of getting people off welfare and in history and millions believe prayers have are other incentives built into the to work. It is a risk we ought to take. been answered. Salemites, as are others, are CONCLUSION thankful indeed! plan: Meanwhile, back on earth, the fighting It offers the hope of getting off wel­ In the end, then, I supported the FAP goes on. Last week's toll in the Vietnam fare; bill because there was no other alterna­ conflict-the longest war in history-was 141 There is no reduction in benefits for tive except a continuation of the present killed and 457 wounded. the first $720 in earnings; discredited system. Those who objected April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13507 to the FAP did not offer a single con­ must show our desire to become good citizens astronauts in the face of grave danger and through participation and interest in activi­ the ingenuity of the gigantic scientific team structive alternative. ties of our time as well as those of the past. as it coped with and overcame a. massive, Whereas, Our flag represents the land of unexpected emergency deep in space. The opportunities, we want to show love, loyalty, ability of Americans to react to extraordi­ devotion and respect for our flag. nary conditions was proved again, with the PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE DAY Therefore, We, the boys and girls of Mrs. whole world watching. Irene Priore's Third Grade of the Cleveland In the long run the United States probably Hill Primary School, Cheektowaga, N.Y., do gained more by the rescue than it would HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY hereby ask the Hon. Richard D. McCarthy have had the moonwalk gone on as sched­ OF NEW YORK to proclaim April 30, 1970, as Pledge of Al­ uled. Until the Monday night explosion, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES legiance to Our Flag Day in The United flight of Apollo 13 had been looked upon as States of America and request that students more or less routine. But it became a success­ Wednesday, April 29, 1970 in all schools in our Nation recite the Pledge ful rescue spectacular which will have an Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, in 1863 of Allegiance at 1:30 P.M. E.S.T. We request important place in the history of the space the cooperation of all radio and television age. President Lincoln, speaking at Gettys­ stations in synchronizing the time, so that Now that the flight has ended there will burg, Pa., said: the children's voices echo throughout the be debate over whether space exploration Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers land. should be ended or curtailed. Questions will brought forth upon this continent a new na­ Sharon Arth; Anne Burkhardt; Valerie be asked. Objections will be raised. But tion, conceived in liberty and dedicated to Hilburger; Lisa Hanley; Margaret Don­ chances are that nothing can stop a restless the proposition that all men are created nelly; Anne Pytee; Lisa Ritz; Carrie people from pressing on and on into space-­ equal. Robinson; Mary Beth J. Rochin; Susan just because it's there. Sommer; Laurel Ensmenger; Joan For now, however, the emphasis is on Lincoln spoke during a time of trouble, Jimerson; Holly Morris, and Irene thanksgiving for a happy ending to a perilous when our Nation was rent by a bloody Priore. adventure. civil war. Today, more than 100 years Gary Bestehorn; James E. Biegajski; later, our Nation is again sorely tried by Gregory Mancini; Alan Brzoskowski; differences in opinions, changes in values Wayne Maracle; Peter Conway; Danny PUBLIC SCHOOL 122 STUDENTS and a minority seeking destruction Leichtenschlag; David Horun; Kenneth Mecca; Fred Parry; Bruce DeWitt; Pe­ CELEBRATE EARTH DAY through violence. Lincoln's allegiance to ter Mandels; Jeffery Michaels, and Leon the concept of one nation, his loyalty to Whited. the young Republic withstood the severe HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM trials of his time. We can learn much BE PROUD OF YOUR FLAG! OF NEW YORK from his example. Fly Your Flag on Pledge of Allegiance Day IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Each new generation learns again the April 30, 1970. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 principles and values of our Nation. And Make The Teachers and Children of Cleve­ each in turn learns that true allegiance land Hill Schools Proud of you, as we are Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, last week, which is the strength of our Republic. proud of them. people all over the country demonstrated For this reason I am particularly proud Let us make Cheektowaga The Heart of their concern for the deteriorating state Patriotism. of our environment. "Pollution," "envi­ to call to the attention of my colleagues Large Flag or Small Flag, Display Your and all Americans the initiative of the Flag, To Show That We Are Proud To Be ronmental decay," and "quality of life," third grade class in the Cleveland Hill Americans. have become catch phrases which are on Elementary School in Cheektowaga, N.Y., everybody's lips. 1n celebrating April 30 as "Pledge Alle­ When I was home in my district last giance Day." The students of the third APOLLO 13 week, I was particularly impressed by grade have asked every home and every the efforts made by the students of Pub­ business to fly the flag on April 30 and lic School 122 in the Bronx. I went to join them in pledging allegiance to our HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN the school and Linda Plotkin presented Nation. OF SOUTH CAROLINA me a petition circulated by the students The idea of the Cleveland Hill students IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in support of prompt action to save and has received acclaim from local, State, Wednesday, April 29, 1970 restore our environment. The petition and national leaders. I wish to commend was signed by 1,220 people. these students for their excellent sug­ Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the thoughts I want to commend these students and gestion and will join them in renewing a:id prayers of this Country and the the people who signed the petition for my pledge of allegiance on April 30. world traveled with our brave astronauts the part they played in increasing public I am including in the RECORD for the and those on the ground directing them awareness of this important problem. I information of my colleagues the proc­ during and after their flight and the re­ was told that the following 15 students lamation signed by the students of the covery. The saga of Apollo 13 is a re­ were principally responsible for gaining Cleveland Hills third grade designated minder to all of us that the measure of the signatures: April 30, 1970, as Pledge of Allegiance both a man and a nation can be found Lisa Beletsis, Shawn Bernhardt, Pat­ to Our Flag Day. I am also including a in the reaction to failure as well as in rick Brennan, Nora Bueno, Lauren leaflet being distributed in western New the response to success. The following Deane, Billy Kennington, Jr., Michael York by Mr. Michael A. Papero of Cheek­ editorial from the Greenville, S.C., News, Koss, Jr., Shubert Kostron, Ruth Lieb­ towaga, N.Y. urging all to participate in excellently expresses these and other man, Cynthia Miller, Marisa Mundy, Ken Pledge of Allegiance Day: thoughts which I commend to the at­ tention of my colleagues: Okamoto, David Palmer, Carlos Rodri­ PROCLAMATION guez, and Rebecca Siroonian. Whereas, We promise our loyalty to the fiag A MOST SUCCESSFUL "FAILURE" I congratulate these students and want of the United States of America, which is What could have been a tragedy in space to assure them that I will do all I can our country under God's Guidance and to turned into a glorious triumph yesterday to see that their efforts are not in vain. the Republic, for which lt stands; One Na­ when the crippled Apollo 13 carrying three tion under God, the 50 states ruled by the brave astronauts safely splashed down in the The text of their petition follows: people under God's protection, with liberty Pacific Ocean. PETITION OF PuBLIC SCHOOL 122, BRONX, N.Y., which is freedom and justice, that is fairness Relief replaced anxiety and prayers for the APRIL 22, 1970 and rightness for all; all citizens of our safety of the men turned into prayers of We, the pupils of P.S. 122, The Bronx, great land. thanksgiving all around the world when the would appreciate anything you can do to Whereas, We want all boys and girls in all spaceship Odyssey ended a near-tragic voy­ make our earth more livable. We need: 1. schools of this great Nation to understand age around the moon. Clean air; 2. An end to garbage dumping; how important it is to be loyal unto his own Failure of the planned moonwalk mission 3. N.Y beaches and waterways fit for swim­ land. and Its extensive scientific experiments was ming; 4. Better control and Inspection of oil Whereas, The Pledge of Allegiance to the more than offset by the amazing feat of over­ carriers in order to protect our wildlife; 5. flag of the United States of America is a part coming the effects of a mid-flight explosion The destruction of slums and to rebuild the of our national heritage. and getting Astronauts James Lovell, Fred areas; 6. Anti-noise laws; 7. Control of chem­ Whereas, We believe that we, the youth of Ha.ise and John Swigert safely back to earth. icals in farming; 8. Control of the destruc­ America who become leaders .of tomorrow The world marveled at the coolness of the tion of trees. Please help us get these things I 13508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 THE SAD OUTLOOK FOR big Southern farm would be 200 acres and a If what is happening continues in Arizona, THE COTTON FARMER huge cotton allotment would be 100 acres. there won't be a Republican elected unless They average under one bale (500 lbs.) per he can prove he put up a fight for the farm­ acre. Even if they produce 1,000 pounds per er and the same goes for many areas in Cali­ HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER acre it would give them $160.00 per acre or fornia. $16,000.00 for 100 acres of planted cotton. OF CALIFORNIA As I have said many times in the past, I The program obviously would not apply to want the government out of agriculture. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES them. Very thoughtful of the Southern only area of agriculture that is in serious Democrat controlled committees. It keeps Wednesday, April 29, 1970 trouble are those the government has had its them in office. h ands in for the past 36 years. In 36 years the Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Ste­ But what of the West where in Arizona, f armer has never received 100 percent parity. phen D'Arrigo of my congressional dis­ for example, the average production is 2 to I call that a colossal failure and a monument 3 times that of the South. A 1225 pound yield to st upidity. trict is especially knowledgeable in many per acre is above the average 1180 pounds phases of our agricultural industry, hav­ I want a phase out program that elimi­ but not uncommon. Assuming a 1225 pound nates all allotments, quotas and supports ing grown, packed, and shipped produce yield at 16.8 cents price support would mean and one that is designed to return our do­ for a number of years. He is also a large $205 per acre. Let us assume that farmer mest ic prices and allow supply and demand cotton producer in the State of Arizona. Jones plants the minimum acreage he can cont rol what is planted. If the goverment Recently I received a letter from Mr. under the program and that this minimum wants to indulge in foreign trade, it can buy D'Arrigo which is a critique of current is 350 acres. This is not a large farm as from producers at market prices or less if a Arizona farms go. This would mean his price producer is willing to sell. Then the govern­ cotton policy. Because of his knowledge support would amount to $72,030.00 that and extensive experience, and because ment is free to do whatever they wish necessarily must go to inputs. But if he wit h it. of my great respect for his opinions, I could not exceed $50,000.00, he would lose Until such a program is designed, I would believe his letter should be included in another $22,030.00. They are going broke prefer no new program. However, if the pro­ the RECORD for the attention of my col­ under the existing program. Obviously he posed program is adopted, those in Arizona leagues. The letter follows: can't afford to lose $22,000.00 and he prob­ and California will have no alternative but ably would lose less by not planting under D'ARRIGO BROS. Co. OF CALIFORNIA, the proposed program. not to plant and demand that all price sup­ ports be dropped now irrespective of the im­ Salinas, Calif., Apr'il 16, 1970. What it all means is that he cannot afford Hon. CHARLES GuBSER, pact upon the national economy. to grow one single acre of cotton. Growing The farmer is tired of going broke, sub­ Congress of the United States, not hing wlll be cheaper and it means he House of Representatives, sidizing the government's boondoggle, sub­ won't grow, to be sure, there will be some sidizing the consumer's purchases of food Wash-ington, D .C. who will give it a go, but when it's all over DEAR CHARLIE: For the past 36 years we and fiber by giving them the lowest food he will no longer own his farm. The bank­ dolla.r cost of any nation in the world, not have had one farm program after another­ ruptcies are staggering now. each being more of the same and each a total receiving his fair share o! the consumer failure. The only change has been the name. The program, therefore, perpetuates the dollar and· topping the whole thing off by marginal farmer, the farmer on marginal being depicted as a hog at the taxpayers Soil bank, land retirement, diverted acres land and the marginal producing areas such are all synonymous. Price support is no dif­ trough by some Congressmen, Senators, poli­ ferent than it was years ago. It is planned as Texas and the South. It is this cotton ticians, news media and do-gooders. That's poverty. that winds up in CCC warehouses whereas where it sits and that's how it is. Anyone 99 % of the Western cotton is sold in the who doubts should put on levis and boots, I think it is about time we wake up to market and does not wind up in CCC ware­ what the Southern Democrats are doing to get some dirt on them out on those farms houses. It is Western cotton tha.t is com­ talking to the fa.rmer. And if someone should us. They control the committees, and in mercially desirable. short, no agricultural bill will ever pass with­ tell you that the farmers themselves voted out their sanctification. The plain truth is As I see it, this will drive our mills to for these programs, tell them they have that they are perpetuating a way of life that purchasing foreign cotton because Cali­ better elections in Russia. The wheat farmers is 100 years old and it has no place in today's fornia cannot afford to produce at the world can tell you what happened to them when economy. It does keep electing Democrats in pricez to which our government has forced they voted wrong. the South and past elections have shown the domestic production. This can only ag­ With best regards, them that the South is necessary in Presi­ gravate our balance of payments problexn. STEPHEN D'ARRIGo, Jr. dential elections. There is also a "set aside" provision on To this we must also add the Department which no crop can be harvested and for of Agriculture and State Department who which the farmer will not be paid. In effect, he winds up subsidizing his own program. COMMUNITY SERVICE AWARD TO are engaged in foreign boondoggles under KTBC-TV, AUSTIN, TEX. the Trade Expansion Act. Farm prices have This is more of the same garbage with a new been juggled down to world prices, our mar­ name. It doesn't affect most of the south kets were curtailed and our mills are in an because those with 15 acres or less are ex­ HON. J. J. PICKLE uncompetitive position. Now they don't want empt. OF TEXAS to pay the farmer for what they took away. I'll lay it on the line as frank as I know It is not competition when our mills must how. If this program goes into effect, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sell $5 shirts against $3 imports. That's Republicans can write o1f the 1972 election. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 slaughter! Unfortunately the public is not If not for the Presidency, at least for t he Re­ aware of it and it is agriculture that comes publican Senators and Congressmen in the Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, several up with egg on its face. affected area. And this could well have an years ago, the Texas Association of You know I have long been an advocate of effect in the November 1970 elections. The Broadcasters announced that it would a. free agricultural economy without govern­ economy of these areas will be seriously make an award each year to a radio ment intervention, price supports, or acreage affected adversely. In Arizona, it will be dls- station and to a television station in allotments. It has been 36 years of govern­ 8.3 ·rous because most of the loca: economy ment planned poverty for farmers and I sub­ has ben built on the farmer's ability to pur­ Texas that did the most outstanding job mit that 1! the government wants to engage chase and pay for things he needs. Farmers in public service during the preceding in a give-away boondoggle on the world there are going broke and there are farms for year. trade, they should not expect the farmers to sale everywhere. What was once a $400-$500 These awards are, indeed, coveted subsidize it with low prices. per acre farm about 5 years ago when this prizes, having the same prestige in Texas California. and Arizona cannot afford to current program started, is now a $200-$250 as the Peabody Award or the Pulitzer grow 20 cent cotton. I know of no area in farm and going begging. The values declined. Prize has had nationally. the U.S. that can. Even with the price sup­ because the profit picture vanished. In case As you can imagine. the competition port on cotton the California and Arizona anyone doubts it, tell them to get out of is quite keen and the entries represent farmers lose money. their ivory towers and get out amongst the substantial contributions to public serv­ The reason is obvious. He has an allotment common farmer; talk to his creditors, banker that is approximately % of his acreage. Of and accountant. While the farmer is only ice within the community. I have great that he can plant only 65% of the allotment. one vote, his creditors also vote as do the pleasure in stating that the 1969 award because the price support is on 65% of the merchants in town who live o1f the economy winner for television was Station KTBC­ allotment. Anything above that, he is grow­ the farmer generates. TV of Austin, Tex., which received the ing 20 cent cotton which loses him about Maybe these congressmen and senators are following citation: 9 cents over cost. He then has "conserving writing o1f agriculture. But if cotton and Community Service Awa.rd, 1969, KTBO­ acres•• upon which he can plant nothing. grain is not planted, or the farm economy is TV, Austin, presented for outstanding pub­ When all done-he can farm about 50% of not greatly improved, he'll have plenty to lic and community service, exemplified in his farm. Big dealt worry about. There will be many farmers lts e1forts throughout the entire year in The proposed "new•• program is a South­ who voted Republican in the past who will behalf of the area lt represents. ern program as have been all the others. A be taking another look at his "hole" card. TExAS ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS. April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13509 This is the second time that KTBC­ both the sense of partisan politics as well were seeking qualified individuals so as to as the more formal study of the relationships broaden the staff and thus permit an ex­ TV has been so honored, having received of various governmental bodies and the panded activity. Under the circumstances the the distinction in 1964. functions of those governmental bodies. Department then requested Two-hundred In this day, when radio and television Let me first comment on politics in the Fourteen Million Dollars ($214,000,000). How­ stations are receiving close scrutiny for partisan or elective sense. Is it good politics ever, the Subcommittee on Public Works of their public service contributions, it is to take up the cudgel for strong pollution the House Appropriations Committee decided reassuring to know that some are living controls? You might be interested to know to double the appropriation by providing for up to the highest standards of electronic the various comments that I have heard in Four-hundred Fifty Million Dollars ($450,- recent weeks from various persons in elec­ 000,000). journalism, and making great contribu­ tive office. One gentleman, who is a very Because the Congress is receptive to the tions to the public enlightenment. I sa­ good personal friend of mine and who oc­ demands of the public and because the Con­ lute KTBC-TV and the employees who cupies an elective public office, recently gress wished to make a clear commitment to made this award possible. They can be stated that pollution control would not be move forward rapidly to improve the water proud of their accomplishments. a long-lasting political issue. His reasoning quality of our nation's rivers and lakes, the was that any political issue, to remain under full Appropriations Committee raised the public discussion, needs both a proponent appropriation to $600 million, this signaling POLITICS AND POLLUTION and an opponent. What he was saying, in to the Department of the Interior a mandate CONTROL effect, was that no one can stand up after to move as rapidly as possible. However, his political opponent has urged the control Secretary of the Interior, Walter Hickel, in­ of pollution, and argue in favor of greater formed the Committee that the Department pollution. In the absence of such a possi­ could not possibly consider spending over HON. PHILIP M. CRANE bility in debate, my friend feels that the Five-Hundred Million Dollars ($500,000,000). OF n.LINOIS iss ue will soon die. Presently there are no plans to spend the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At the other extreme, another friend of money and it would be impossible to fully mine who likewise holds political office, com­ fund the program with this amount of Wednesday, April 29, 1970 mented to me recently that, "These kids money. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, I am very running around hollering about pollution But those specializing in the :field of one­ don't know what they are talking about. up-man-ship made a bold and dramatic pleased to call my colleagues' attention During the depression when people looked move. Irrespective of the request from the to a speech recently delivered by the down the street and saw smoke coining from agency for Two-hundred Fourteen Million Honorable BEN B. BLACKBURN, of Geor­ the factory smokestack everybody in town Dollars ($214,000,000), irrespective of the gia, on Earth Day to the student body was happy because it meant that men were inability of the agency to handle efficiently at Georgia State University. working and there would be a payday on Sat­ the sums then available, there was a great Congressman BLACKBURN spoke on the urday." hue and cry from some quarters in the Con­ In my opinion, neither of these two ex­ gress that the House appropriate a full One subject of "Politics and Pollution Con­ Billion Dollars. In treme positions, one arguing that pollution trol." this very timely address he dis­ is not a political issue and the other being I confess that there is a certain attraction cussed such questions as: that pollution from factories is a good thing, about spending One Billion Dollars for any­ First, what is politically feasible under are reflective of the interests of the general thing. Every rational factor which could be our present system; public. In my opinion, the best course a brought to bear indicated to me that to ap­ Second, the disadvantages of legislat­ politician can take is to recognize that there propriate an additional Four-hundred Million ing in a crisis atmosphere; and, is a public demand that our environment be Dollars ($400,000,000) would not speed up Third, what improvements are possible improved by preventing further abuses of our the :fight agaillSJt pollution of our waters, to make our tight for a more livable natural habitat and moving to improve pres­ that such an appropria.tion would take ent technologies so as to improve existing funds away from other projects of equal world more effective. pollution-causing devices to prevent noxious national value. In effect, it would well lead I commend the thoughtful remarks of discharges. to the very kind of government waste and my distinguished colleague to the atten­ We all recognize that politics is the art inefficiency which marked many of the Great tion of all of the readers of the CoN­ of what is possible, not what may be theoret­ Society programs when huge sums were GRESSIONAL RECORD: ically desirable. Thus, politics will be af­ turned over to well-motivated but incapable POLITICS AND POLLUTION CONTROL fected by economic considerations and the peo.Ple. Inasmuch as we are opera.ting under emotional, and rational reactions of the a limited budget in our effort to curb infla­ (By BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN) people that politicians seek to serve. tion, I would ask any one of you, "Should we I want to congratulate those who have My friend who stated that there can be eliminate research in cancer for the :fiscal been instrumental in arranging for this dis­ no issue where pollution is concerned did year, should we eliminate funds from school cussion on the subject matter of pollution not give due consideration to the oldest libraries or scientific equipment, just to put eontrol and the broader subject of the game in politics which we refer to as "one­ Fom-Hundred Million Dollars ($400,000,000) preservation of a livable environment. up-man-ship". Under the game of one-up­ in the bank to hold for several years while The topic which was assigned to me is man-ship, if some socially desirable purpose the Department of the Interior gears itself "Politics and Pollution Control." I assume is to be :financed and the socially desirable up for efficient use of such huge funds?" that I was assigned this topic because of my purpose is one having generally a universal I will compare the situation, if you will own personal involvement in politics as well acceptance, then one-up-man-ship comes excuse the oversimplification, to that of hav­ as my interest in the area of pollution con­ into play. When one advocate speaks in favor ing an automobile that will run 70 miles per trol. I would assume that everyone here rec­ of $1 in appropriations, the other advocate hour with a tO-gallon tank. Anyone with a ognizes that there are no true experts in quickly urges an appropriation of $2 rudimentary knowledge of automobiles knows the field of politics and thus my remarks for the same purpose. Of course, the that putting a 20-gallon tank in the auto­ must be viewed as made by one enjoying politician playing the game of one­ mobile will not make it travel twice as fast. some success but not claiming expertise. up-man-ship is seeking to appeal to In like measure, until the machinery of gov­ Of course, when we use the term "poli­ the emotions of the public and is not ac­ ernment is properly staffed to handle larger tics" we must recognize that it . has different tually working in the best public interest. sums of money, there is no point in pouring meanings to different people. To a person Those of us charged with the responsibility more gas into the tank of the machinery. running for public office or occupying an of government are constantly adjusting and This is particularly true when that fuel would elective public office, the term evokes compromising the funds which will be avail­ have to be taken from other agencies of gov­ thoughts of partis&;n political activities de­ able for desirable projects under the pres­ ernment which are capable of efficiently us­ signed to win support for coming elections. sures of a limited budget. ing such sums for other purposes which the To the partisan political worker, the term A fairly recent example of one-up-man­ Congress has deemed to be desirable, if not "politics" means locating friendly voters and ship was illustrated by the vote on funds for essential. insuring their votes on election day. the Clean Water Restoration Act. I have little doubt, however, that my op­ To the scholar who is specializing in the The Congress had appropriated for this ponent this fall, whomever he may be, will field of politics, the term would include a purpose the sum of Two-hundred Fourteen seize upon this vote (which was supported study of the political structure of govern­ Million Dollars ($214,000,000) for the Fiscal by the majority of the Congress) to appro­ ment, a much more scientific area, subject Year ending June 30, 1969. As of the date that priate the $600 million recommended by the to dispassionate analysis and discussion. In the House was considering the bill, the De­ Committee and not engage in the game of short, to the political scientist, the study partment of the Interior had actually com­ one-up-man-ship. I have, however, every con­ of polltics becomes an analysis of the rela­ mitted most of the funds to state and local fidence that the citizens of my Congressional tionships of state, local, and national gov­ governments for the purposes of the Act, District would recognize that goOd judgment ernments to each other as well as the rela­ and the Department was working at full must be exercised by their Congressman and tionship of government to its citizens. efficiency. The Department pointed out that he must not merely respond to polltical If we are to be complete in our discussion, it did not have an adequate staff to supervise games. we must direct our attention to politics in a greatly expanded program but that they No one is immune f1·om economic consid- 13510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Apn,"l 29, 1970 erations when he is engaged in politics. At Mrs. Elizabeth H. Haskell of the Urban In­ This Committee recommends that each least one Senator, who has wrapped the cloak stitute, further found that "there was a state establish a public corporation to deal of environmental purity about his shoulders, 'piece-by-piece' attack on environmental with the financing and planning of area­ has succumbed to economic considerations problems without a clear idea of the entire wide liquid waste facilities. Such a corpora­ when it affected his own state. Those of you picture.'' Confi.icting efforts and a "tug of tion would be financed by a revolving fund who are politically knowledgeable recognize war" between program officials have con­ of bonds guaranteed by the state as well as that I am speaking of Senator Muskie of tributed to a lack of priorities on the more federal funds. Such state authority would Maine who criticized President Nixon's recent pressing aspects of the pollution problem. eliminate the need for federal agencies to proposals which would involve a ten mlllion In the Wednesday edition of THE WALL deal with thousands of municipalities. The dollar expenditure over the next five-year STREET JOURNAL, John G. Welles, head state authorities could better plan to meet period to clean up the nation's waters and of the Industrial Economics Division of the the needs of its own drainage basins, its own lakes. The Senator commented that the Pres­ University of Denver Research Institute, disposal plants, etc. Thus there would be ident's proposal was wholly inadequate and wrote of the effect of population growth on greater administrative efficiency in that the that we should commit ourselves to a twenty­ pollution-air, water, land, noise, visual, and federal government would be dealing with five billion dollar expenditure instead . I hope thermal. "Let us consider technology under 50 state agencies instead of thousands of that you will recognize one-up-man-ship in a stable population. The amount of tech­ small groups. The state authority would in action. nology used in a society generally is a key effect "sell" its disposal services to the local Five years ago, Senator Muskie proposed !actor in determining the standard of liv­ governments which would contract with the that a sugar-beet refining plant be con­ ing or gross national product of that nation. authority for the service. structed along the Prestlle Stream in north­ Unfortunately, however, the amount pollu­ I know that someone is going to quickly say east Maine. However, the supporters of the tion occurring in a nation has generally been that Ben Blackburn is urging metro govern­ project openly admitted that the plant would a function of the amount o! technology used. ment for the metropolitan areas o'f the coun­ not be able to meet the Maine water quality The richer the nation, the greater the pol­ tr· ·.Nothing could be farther from the truth. standards for the Prestlle Stream since it was lution. Hopefully, anti-pollution efforts will I personally favor the dispersal of political classified as being good for drinking, swim­ be successful in allowing a nation to be power. I believe, as did Thomas Jefferson, that ming, fishing and boating. Senator Muskie rich without excessive pollution. However, that government is best which is closest to was then instrumental in having the state sooner or later it seems that something has the people. Thus, in the area of political legislature reclassify the stream to allow ef­ to give: Either we stop population growth decisions affecting local issues only such fluents from industries to be dumped into or we reduce our standard of living. Poor matters should be controlled by local govern­ the stream. Today, the stream is completely people pollute less, so the world could sup­ ment. polluted. When Senator Muskie's own state port more of them !rom an ecological stand­ The proposal for regional authorities to was involved, he was quite wpllng to sac­ point." provide needed services and yet retain the rifice clean water for industrial dollars. Mr. Welles pointed out that if beginning values of local control were discussed by I cite this instance not as a criticism but in 1975, each new family limlted itself to Professor Joe Freeman in a speech which I merely to lllustrate that we cannot ignore the two children it would take until about the inserted in the Congressional Record in fact that absolute standards are not generally year 2050 for the population to level off. If March of 1969. attainable in our society. the two-child family is achieved, we will I do not intend to indict our present polit­ We must devote additional research to the have only three people !or every two now, ical structure, but in my opinion, it is inade­ prevention of pollu1f.on of our nation's water­ but if we continue at our present rate we quate and inefficient for the task of pollu­ ways from needed production fac111ties. We will have seven people for every two now. tion control. We inherited our present struc­ need the benefits of our productive capacity Prior to May 29, 1969, when the Environ­ ture and I would urge that we retain its and we will find that there wm be a cost mental Quality Act of 1969 was signed into advantages while moving to ellm1nating its to you and me as citizens and consumers as law, there was no central department in the disadvantages. Regional authorities could be we move to improving our environment. The federal government having the responsibility established for dealing with air pollution cost will be in the form of higher prices for of taking an over-all view of environmental control as well as water purification and dis­ the goods and services that we receive. Our quality. We had the Corps of Engineers, the tribution. State governments should be en­ automobiles will not be as powerful, our Department of the Interior, the Department couraged to execute compacts with adjoin­ gasoline will cost us more, and we will prob­ of Defense, the Department of Agriculture, ing states where they share the same drain­ ably not get a-s many miles per gallon. We the Water Resources Council, and the De­ age or river basin for the common purpose of may find that the growth of our standard of partment of Health, Education, and Welfare, cleaning up the waters of such basins. living may not accelerate at the same rate among others. The average state, county or In summary, your government can do no that we have enjoyed for the past 10 or 15 city government official who turned to the more than the citizens permit. The art of years while we readjust our technology to federal government for assistance in improv­ politics in a democracy is the art of doing the meeting the demands of environmental ing the water supply or sewage system found possible, and the confi.icts between good standards. It remains to be seen how popu­ bewildering and sometimes confi.icting sets politics and good economics will sometimes lar some of these adjustments will prove to of regulations and criteria for grants issued result in a compromiSe which is neither to­ be when their impact begins to be felt. by different agencies, ostensibly for parallel tally good or totally bad. As the impact begins to be felt, the reali­ purposes. Some local governments have The machinery o'f government itself can ties of politics will assert themselves and it found it necesary to retain an expert whose be restructured so as to make more efficient will require strong determination on the part prime responsibility is to keep current with use of modem and expensive technology. The of our political leaders as well as adequate the federal grant programs which are avail­ machinery of financing and planning like­ educational effort on the part of those in­ able and to develop skill in applying for wise needs revamping so as to insure the volved in environmental problems to condi­ grants so as to receive the most favorable most efficient use of our tax dollars. tion the American public to the necessities consideration. Remember this, your political leaders are for such higher costs and concommitant low­ It is ironic, but I think true, that some themselves human beings with the same ering of the standard of living. We can only federal grant programs could well have de­ motivation for living and enjoying a clean hope that improved technology will avoid layed construction of much needed munici­ environment as anyone else. Perhaps, in the any substantial lowering of the standard of pal facilities. So long as hope exists for fed­ final analysis, it will be the human instinct living which we all accept with comfort. eral assistance, no city or local government for survival which will bring about an effec­ You will recall at the outset that I men­ is going to rush to finance its own projects. tive relationship between politics and pollu­ tioned that there are two aspects to the sub­ We know of instances in Washington where tion control. ject matter of politics, the one which I have applications for funds are sometimes multi­ just discussed being the politics of getting plied three and four times over the amount elected to office and winning the support of of funds which are available. Thus, much the American public. I must now direct your needed improvements are delayed while attention, however to the question of wheth­ every federal agency is being exhausted by BEEF PRODUCERS ENTITLED TO er or not existing political structures, at the state and local officials before undertaking FAIR TREATMENT state and local level as well as at the na­ improvements on their own. tion.a.l level, are adequate. We find, in many A recent publlcation Issued by the Citizens instances, petty confi.icts between agencies Advisory Committee on Environmental Qual­ HON. ORVAL HANSEN which involve jurisdictional disputes which ity chaired by Laurence S. Rockefeller made OF IDAHO do little to further the circumstances of pol­ a thorough study of the problem of disposal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lution control. of llquid waste. This Committee concluded A recent study, reported in the EVENING that in the field of liquid waste disposal, Wednesday, April 29, 1970 STAR of April 22nd, has found that there the responsibility is too fragmented among Mr. HANSEN of Idaho. Mr. Speaker, are at least 94 agencies, commissions, com­ various municipal and county governments, mittees, and advisory boards at the execu­ even when they use the same drainage basin. there has been a lot of talk lately about tive and congressional level concerned with As a result of such fragmentation, too many the price of beef. It appears that the the nation's environment. In the federal es­ small plants are produced at too high a price American cattleman is about to become tablishment alone there are at least 10 co­ and the similar plants are often not as effi­ the victim of another attempt to hand ordinating agencies. The study, conducted by cient as one larger plant would be. over more of his market to foreign pro- April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13511 ducers and to deprive him of a fair re­ African majority in the ruling group was the effect of stripping Customs of its inves­ established. In 1956 the governing legis­ tigatory jurisdiction in enforcing the laws turn. against the unlawful importation of con­ It is time to set the record straight. lative council became the house of rep­ trolled dangerous substances (narcotics. For most of the past 20 years the cat­ resentatives. Finally full independence other dangerous drugs, marihuana., amphet­ tleman has been the victim of depressed was attained on April 27, 1961, though amines, barbiturates, LSD, etc.). prices for his product and steadily ris­ they chose to remain within the British The so-called "Dodd" bill, S. 3246, is, a.s ing costs. He has been hit hard by infla­ Commonwealth of Nations. you know, the Sena.te-pa.ssed version of the tion. Now that beef prices are approach­ Since then the people of Sierra Leone Administration's "Controlled Dangerous have been enjoying their independence. Substances Act of 1969." S. 3246 passed the ing a level that will yield the producer Senate on Ja.nua.ry 28, 1970, a.nd was referred a fair return commensurate with the in­ Their agricultural economy is being to the House. At last report it ha.d not yet vestment and risks involved, we hear transformed to one of mining economy, been assigned to a.ny committee a.nd wa.s complaints about beef prices that ig­ including diamond mining. The country still in the Speaker's office. Other related bills nore the economic realities facing the produces almost enough rice and staple in the House include H.R. 13742 a.nd H.R. cattleman. crops for its domestic needs while min­ 13743. Representative Mills introduced H.R. Beef prices have risen at a much slow­ eral exports have become a real boon to 13742. That bill contains the principal pro­ er pace than the prices of almost all its expanding economy. visions of the Administration bill dealing with narcotics a.nd marihuana.. It wa.s re­ other consumer items. When compared ferred to the Ways a.nd Means Committee, with the rise of the cost of living gen­ but no hearings have been held as yet. H.R. erally, even at today's prices, beef is a 13743, which wa.s introduced by Congress­ real bargain. JURISDICTIONAL PROBLEMS IN man Staggers a.nd which contains the provi­ Talk about a beef shortage in a few NARCOTICS SMUGGLING sions of the Administration bill dealing with yea:.·s is just a smokescreen for attempts depressant, stimulant a.nd hallucinogenic to carve up the domestic market for the drugs, was referred to the Interstate and benefit of importers and foreign produc­ HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE Foreign Commerce Committee. Hearings have ers to the detriment of the American cat­ OF MASSACHUSETTS been held by the Subcommittee on Public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Health a.nd Welfare, but the bill ha.s not tle industry. If the American cattleman been reported out of committee. has some continuing assurance of a de­ Wednesday, April 29, 1970 S. 3246 would provide a. comprehensive cent price for his product he will supply legislative framework for the control of all all the beef our people need. Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, on Aprill3, narcotics a.nd dangerous drugs a.nd would Mr. Speaker, the beef industry has 1970, this body debated H.R. 16900, the repeal many of the presently existing Fed­ contributed greatly to the rising stand­ Treasury-Post Office appropriations bill eral drug statutes, including the ta.x provi­ ard of living in our Nation. It has been for fiscal 1971. In my remarks that ap­ sions of title 26 of the U.S. Code relating to pear at page 11282 of the RECORD for narcotics a.nd marihuana.. a major source of cash income for an During the months when the Administra­ often depressed agriculture economy. It that date, I discussed at length certain jurisdictional problems in narcotics tion's bill wa.s being drafted, the Treasury has provided jobs and strengthened the Department wa.s consulted a.nd offered its tax base in many rural communities smuggling. views to the Bureau of the Budget a.nd the across the Nation. I indicated that I had been troubled Department of Justice regarding the pro­ OUr beef producers are entitled to fair over the so-called Dodd bill, S. 3246, posal. The Treasury Department did not ob­ treatment. We owe them the right to which passed the Senate on January 28, ject to the proposed repeals, particularly be­ 1970, and was referred to the House. I cause the Department of Justice draft pro­ earn a decent living. Complaints about posal wa.s not regarded a.s changing the role beef prices should be examined in the also indicated that a letter then being drafted by Eugene T. Rossides, Assistant or modifying the authority of the Treasury light of all the relevant facts and on the Department with respect to its responsibil­ basis of the entire record. Secretary for Enforcement and Opera­ ities regarding the importation of narcotics tions, had cleared up my original appre­ a.nd dangerous drugs. hension and that I would include it in There is no intention inS. 3246 to change the RECORD when it was completed. the Treasury Department's existing enforce­ INDEPENDENCE DAY OF SIERRA I now have Mr. Rossides' letter, dated ment a.nd investigative responsibilities a.s LEONE April 28, 1970, with me. I find its con­ exercised through the Bureau of Customs to tents reassuring on the fact that the deal with offenses under Customs a.nd re­ Bureau of Customs will not be stripped lated laws, whether or not some or a.ll of the HON. ADAM C. POWELL merchandise involved may consist of nar­ of its investigatory jurisdiction in en­ cotics a.nd dangerous drugs. That intention OF NEW YORK forcing the laws against the unlawful is exemplified inter alia by section 701 (b) of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES importation of controlled dangerous S. 3246, which reads, "Nothing in this Act Wednesday, April 29, 1970 substances. shall derogate from the authority of the I would particularly call to the atten­ Secretary of the Treasury under the Customs Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on Mon­ tion of my colleagues the statement by and related laws." The basic "smuggling" day, April 27, Sierra Leone celebrated Mr. Rossides that- statute i:; 18 U.S.C. 545. It was once part their ninth anniversary of full independ­ of the Tariff Act of 1930 a.nd wa.s trans­ There is no intention inS. 3246 to change ferred to the Criminal Code when that Code ence. For this occasion, I extend warm the Treasury Department's existing enforce­ greetings to His Excellency Siaka was revised a.nd enacted into positive la.w ment a.nd investigative responsibilities as in 1948 a.s Title 18, United States Code. That Stevens, Prime Minister of Sierra Leone; exercised through the Bureau of Customs section, along with a. number of others, is and His Excellency John J. Akar, Am­ to deal with offenses under Customs a.nd re­ incorporated in Chapter 27 of Title 18 under bassador of Sierra Leone to the United lated laws, whether or nat some or a.ll of the chapter heading "Customs." Our position States. the merchandise involved may consist of is that section 545 is a. "Customs la.w." With narcotics a.nd dangerous drugs. Sierra Leone, one of the smaller coun­ reg<~.rd to the scope of the words "a.nd re­ tries in West Africa, attained its full in­ Mr. Speaker, I include the letter from lated,'' the Bureau of Customs enforces or as­ dependence in 1961. Its area Is about sists in enforcing on behalf of other agencies Assistant Secretary Rossides in the over forty separate statutes, a.nd the words 28,000 square miles and its population RECORD at this point: "a.nd related" embrace them. To be more is about 2,000,000. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, specific, in our view a.ny la.w that controls or The country had been under British Washington, D.C., April 28, 1970. relates to the importation of anything into domination since the late 18th century, Hon. SILVIO 0. CONTE, the United States is either a. Customs la.w but the leaders of its native inhabitants House of Representatives, or a. la.w related to Customs and is covered by did not begin to struggle for their free­ Washington, D.C. the language "Customs a.nd related laws." dom until a century later. In 1898 there DEAR Ma. CONTE: Secretary Kennedy has Another example of that intention is the were disturbances among the natives, told me you asked several questions regard­ proposed amendment of section 26 U.S.C. ing the so-called "Dodd" bill, S. 3246, at the 7607, that would among other things ex­ but not until 1924 was the native leader­ hearings on Treasury appropriations on pressly preserve the existing authority or ship allowed any part in the government. March 2. officers of the Customs to make arrests with­ However, the situation changed drasti­ You expressed concern over the possibility out warrant for violation of any la.w of the cally after the last war, and by 1951 an that certain repealers in the bill would have United States relating to narcotic drugs a.nd 13512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 marihuana and add "other dangerous sub­ SPEECH BY STEPHEN HESS, NATIONAL CHAm­ Take my own case. I a.m "only" 36, barely stances" as defined in the proposed Con­ MAN, WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE ON CHIL• a generation removed from today's youth. trolled Dangerous Substances Act of 1969. DREN AND YOUTH, PREPARED AND DELIVERED Yet in my childhood there was no TV, no jet Section 701(a) (5) of S. 3246 authorizes FOR THE SOUTH DAKOTA GOVERNOR'S COM• travel, no atoinic energy, no stereo, no com­ the Attorney General to designate any offi.cer MITTEE ON CHILDREN AND YOUTH, SIOUX puters to amount to much. or employee of the Bureau of Narcotics and FALLS, S. DAK., APRIL 3, 1970 Man may have always dreamed of flying, Dangerous Drugs to "perform such other law LISTENING TO YOUTH: A LESS-TRAVELED ROAD but it took thousands of years to break enforcement duties as the Attorney General For four months now, as Chairman of the earth's grip. But it has taken only 60 years may designate." The purpose of this pro­ White House Conference on Children and to reach the moon and most of the tech­ vision is to permit the Attorney General to Youth, I have been listening to youth, read­ nology that got us there took place during respond to requests from other agencies ing about youth, meeting with youth, think­ the lifetime of those under 30. which may require the assistance of enforce­ ing about youth. Tonight I would like to take Margaret Mead has called all of us who ment personnel. For example, if the Post this opportunity to tell you what I think I were born and raised before World War II Offi.ce Department or the Treasury Depart­ have learned. "Immigrants in Time." True, we "immi­ ment requested law enforcement assistance In a simplistic, shorthand form, let me grants in time" brought about roost of this from the Attorney General, section 701 (a) start with my conclusions. Namely: change. But we are not conditioned to it. (5) would authorize him to designate BNDD 1. Youth is numerous. For us the past-i.e. tradition and history­ agents to respond. 2. Youth is conditioned by rapid techno­ still has great meaning. We try imperfectly Sincerely yours, logical change. to struggle with unfamiliar probleinS EUGENE T. ROSSIDES, 3. Youth is becoming culturally interna- brought about by our own explorations into Assistant Secretary. tionalized. the unknown. We-as "bearer of older cul­ 4. Youth is idealistic. tures"-attempt, without dramatic success, 5. (Paradox) Youth is pragmatic. to solve totally new problems with ap­ 6. Youth is serious. proaches and techniques derived from ex­ STEVE HESS: A LISTENER HEADS 7. Youth is impatient. periences already largely irrelevant or in­ 8. Youth is politicized. applicable. THE WHITE HOUSE CONFERENCE Youth, ho.wever, as Dr. Mead points out, ON YOUTH 9. Youth is protest-oriented. 10. Youth is strange. is "completely at home in this time." Young 11. Nevertheless, Youth shares the basic people are conditioned to rapid change­ values of the societies in which it lives. it is all they have known, it is their personal HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER I realize, of course, that youth cannot be history, just as evolution and gradualism is OF WISCONSIN collected, carded, and pinned to a specimen mine. Thus youth is emotionally able to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES board. There is as much diversity among grasp, though often inarticulately, the im­ youth as among adults or teachers or the plications to its generation of nuclear war, Wednesday, April 29, 1970 rich. Nevertheless, I hope there is some use­ uncontrolled population growth, unbridled pollution of earth and atmosphere, and other Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. fulness in these generalizations. So now, turning to these propositions one-by-one. consequences of the technology their par­ Speaker, in the spring of 1969 I was one First: ents created. They know, almost as a condi­ of 22 Members of the House of Repre­ YOUTH IS NUMEROUS tion of their birth, as Kenneth Keniston of sentatives who submitted a report to Yale has said, that "all youth are linked by In 1965, 54% of the world's population was their common vulnerability to technological the President on campus unrest. In our under 25 years of age. By the year 2,000, if report we stressed the need to expand the present trend continues, 80% of the death." lines of communication to the univer­ Which leads roe to the belief that one can­ world's population will be under 25 and not simply disiniss the divide between youth sity community. The report states: roost of those will be under 18. and adult today, with the reassuring thought We urge that Cabinet offi.cers, Members of Let's think about the implications of these that there has always been a generation gap. Congress, the White House staff, and others figures: Of course, I was convinced that my parents in the Executive Branch begin an increas­ In developed countries and increasingly didn't understand me and of course my par­ ing effort for this kind of two-way street in developing countries, the prolonging of ents were right that it was only a Huck of listening, learning, and responding. education has swelled the number of young Finn-Penrod phase that I was going through people who, while mature physically and before I would become a useful citizen in Today I would like to commend a mentally, are still dependent economically on their image. This is cold comfort because to­ young leader in the administration who their families and societies. Moreover, the day's generation gap is of a different type has been doing a great deal of useful average age of this dependent "youth class" and a different magnitude and hence de­ listening to young people around the is also rising. mands especially hard work on the part of country. The prosperity of developing nations cou­ both adults and youth to bridge it. pled with the need for increasing numbers He is Stephen Hess, the National Third: Youth is culturally international­ of educated youth in developing nations ized. (This proposition is not invalidated by Chairman of the White House Confer­ have to a large degree brought about this the fact that American youth, in terms of ence on Children and Youth. expansion of a "youth class." So far we-i.e. its political concerns, is turning inward.) When President Nixon r,ppointed Steve societies-have been able to afford this ever­ Again going back to Margaret Mead and Hess to this important position on De­ increasing class of economically dependent her perspective new book, Culture and Com­ cember 5, he sa:d: pre-adults who are free to engage in ideal­ mitment. "Today, suddenly,'' she writes, istic and often irritating pursuits. At a time when government often seems "because all people of the world are part of Yet, at the same time, the problems of one electronically based, intercommunica­ far away and immovable-when many of supplying the basic food, shelter and health our youth are rightly asking, -"Who's lis­ tions network, young people everywhere services to a dependent youth class will be­ share a kind of experience that none of their tening? Who cares?"-! hope that this White come increasingly acute for the economically House Conference, especially through the elders ever had or wm have ... This break productive sector of the population, which in between generations is wholly new: It is active involvement of a great many young relative numbers, will be shrinking. people, will provide a positive answer. In planetary and universal." Therefore, two conclusions: It seems clear Youth, a.s I've said, is conditioned by rapid this regard, I have asked Mr. Hess to listen to me that, if for no reason other than over­ well to the voices of young America-in the technological change and part of that whelming numbers, as we approach the year change is telecommunicative. For the first universities, on the farinS, the assembly lines, 2000, youth will increasingly affect world the street corners. I have known Steve Hess time in history we are linked visually, in­ affairs; as a recent report of the United Na­ stantaneously, internationally. I certainly a long time and I know him to be a good tion's Economic and Social Council pre­ listener. witnes::ed this in Asia during the Apollo 11 dicted, "World opinion is going to become in­ launch. Events around the world literally I include in the RECORD at this time creasingly the opinion of the world's youth." happen in our living rooinS and, in a Mc­ two recent speeches by Mr. Hess: "Lis­ And second, if for no reason other than eco­ Luha.nesque sort of way, their reality is what nomics, the tensions between the (quote) appears on the tube. (Parenthetically, we tening to Youth: A Less-Traveled Road," non-productive youth class (unquote) and know how most radical activists have been delivered before the South Dakota Youth the (quote) productive adult class (un­ quick to recognize this and to appreciate Conference at Sioux Falls on Apri13 and quote) will widen-perhaps to crises propor­ the use and impact of TV.) "On Being Young: Down and Out in the tions. Through the mass media there has been American System," delivered before the My second proposition: Youth is condi­ created an international youth culture with tioned by rapid technological change-and, common symbols arid models-hair styles, Pennsylvatia Society of Newspaper Edi­ conversely, that adults have not to nearly drugs, music, dress. The Beatles are now tors at Harrisburg on February 5. the same degree been conditioned by rapid just as Japanese or American as they are The two speeches follow: technological change. English. April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13513

But the internationalizing of youth 1s not ism, one need merely turn on any disk jockey Here are some interesting results of the just a product of TV. Today an unprece­ for confirmation. While my father's genera­ experiment to date: dented number of young people are travel­ tion was singing about "It's only a canvas On sex: After experimenting freely with ing, studying and engaged in voluntary serv­ moon hanging over a cardboard tree, but it partner swapping and group marriages in the ice outside their own countries. Some 30,000 wouldn't be make believe if you believe in beginning, they found that jealousies and. young people are presently taking part in me" and my generation was admonishing fights were disrupting the community. government-sponsored voluntary service our girlfriends not "to sit under the apple The result: One resident states that "mo­ programs, 10,000 of them as members of our tree with anyone else but me," this genera­ nogamy seems to create the least amount of Peace Corps. Many more have been exposed. tion has consigned the moon-June-tree-stuff tensions and provides more stability for rais­ to other cultures through service in the mil­ to the trash can where it belongs. ing children. itary. And in the 1967-68 school year alone, Rather, they lament with Jim Morrison of On communism: In the beginning, every­ there were over 121,000 foreign students in the Doors: "What have they done to the one lived in one big house, sharing every­ the United States and some 25,000 U.S. stu­ Earth? What have they done to our fair thing. It soon became fly-filled and filthy. As dents abroad. One need not multiply these sister?" Or they predict with the Mothers of one resident put it, "Everyone contributed figures by very many years to see why this invention: "There ·win come a time when according to his ability, all right, but those generation has become so aware internation­ everybody who is lonely will be free ..." who had less ability seemed to have more ally. Or they listen to some pretty fair lyrics needs." The more energetic moved out and Then, too, many of the concerns of youth about "When the moon is in the Seventh built their own homes leaving the lazy to today are not narrowly national in scope. House and Jupiter aligns with Mars, Then fare for themselves. Pollu.tion, for example, is hardly respectful pea.ce will guide the planets and love will On dr ugs: At one point hundreds of hippies of state borders or the boundaries of na­ steer the stars." If one were to judge from began to visit the farm bringing their drugs tional sovereignty. youth's music, this is indeed the dawning and appetites with them. Few of them Therefore, it may be that young people of the Age of Aquarius. worked, many turned on. A few of the resi­ today, tuned in to the world around them Yet if youth is idealistic, I also find that, dents also started using marijuana. A sudden and conditioned to rapid, often violent perhaps paradoxically, youth is extremely pollee raid brought the question to a climax. change, are developing more in common pragmatic. This too, I thi.nk, is because Many residents were arrested because of the With each other than with their own cul­ young people are children of technology. few who used marijuana. This resulted in tures. Youth believes--almost as a matter of nightly discussions on the goals of the com­ If one concedes that much international faith-that man can accomplish anything munity, centering on the question of whether tension results from problems of cross-cul­ he establishes for himself as an immediate a few had the right to endanger the freedom tural communications, then this increased priority. and well-being of the whole community. Al­ contact of young people with their counter­ Thus youth sees the continuation of social though a consensus was never reached, in­ parts around the world, and their quickened inequalities, poverty, pollution, even inter­ formal pressure on the offenders resulted in interest in other cultures and customs, national tensions as a result of a misordering the problem going away. could possibly even have a salutary effect on of priorities rather than an inability to deal On children: Ultimately it was the coming the relations between nations. effectively with them. of children that had the greatest influence That youth is serious, impatient, politi­ Studies, such as the one done by Dan­ on the stability of the community and its cized, and protest oriented are propositions iel Yankelovich for Fortune Magazine and long-range goals. With rising numbers of hardly in dispute. C.B.S., find that only one per cent of youth children, the community became less tran­ can be classified as revolutionaries. sient. A school and library became necessary In the most recent of its annual surveys and, in turn, brought to the community a of the U.S. campus, the American Council of Having read so often that youth is radical, I am constantly surprised by how basically sense of planning for the future. Education concl\Lded: Now this was a very "far out" group of "In the 1968-69 academic year, campus un­ conservative I find youth to be. While they are impatient for social improvement, few young people. But were their basic values so rest reached a new peak of intensity and fre­ different? Perhaps what was different was quency. Major lncidents of unrest occurred of them are really questioning social insti­ tutions or asking for _significant structural their seriousness about finding their own at more than a fifth of the nation's 2,300 truth in their own way. colleges and universities. An estimated 145 change. In fact it may be a grand irony, but I find President Nixon's messages on welfare Now, finally, the proposition youth is campuses experienced at least one protest strange. And of course youth 1s strange to incident involving violence, and an addi­ and secondary education to be far more radical in the true sense than anything that most adults--strange clothes, strange hair tional estimated 379 institutions experienced styles, strange life styles, strange drugs, a nonviolent but disruptive protest. the majority of youth is presently demand­ ing. Youth, by and large, asks for more strange art and music. All of which indicates "In contrast, the first hal! or the 1969-70 to many adults a very dim future for the academic year has so far been marked by money or commitment or concern. On the other hand, the President questioned (re­ human race-one in which the "irresponsi­ relative campus calm, at least in terms of ble" youth of today will become the per­ the incidence of major disruption or vio­ gardless of the level of money or commit­ ment or concern) whether certain basic in­ missive adults of tomorrow. lence, even though many of the issues which This reminds me of a recent address by were the focus of unrest in 1968-69 are un­ stitutions as presently constituted were capable of producing the desired results. Dr. Matthew Dumont of the National Insti­ resolved. Are we to conclude then. that stu­ tute of Mental Health in which he com­ dents have reverted to the complacency of Having said that I find youth pragmatic, pares the way adults look at and listen to the 'Silent Fifties'? The data presented in even conservative, perhaps it is not unusual youth as the way a psychiatrist listens this report suggest not. that I also find that youth shares the basic to his patients. Every gesture, every detail ..A perusal of student newspapers indicates values of the society in which it lives . of the patient is carefully observed and what that the vast majority of American college Fifteen years ago in a book entitled, the patient has to say is carefully noted campuses have experienced at least one in­ Youths' Outlook on the Future, almost 2,000 and analyzed for tell-tale signs of mental ill­ cident of protest since the beglnning of the young people of ten countries were surveyed. ness. Whether what the patient says is true 1969-70 academic year. Perhaps the morA (The countries were Egypt, France, Germany, or false is not relevant to the doctor; he is moderate nature of these incidents, compared Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, only interested in diagnosing the illness. With those of the previous year, explains why South Africa, and the United States.) The Adults, too, listen to youth in much the our campuses seem fairly tranquil at present. authors found that youths' values coincided same way. Whether what youth is saying Nevertheless, the potential for dissent and with the values of their countries: family might be true and relevant is rarely consid­ the degree of social concern have clearly been life, ethical codes of conduct, peace, and ered. Dr. Dumont concluded: "We listened to increasing among both sexes and in all types racial equality (with the exception of South the voices of youth as the voices of youth, of institutions. African students in the latter case and this just as the psychiatrist listened to the words "The issues themselves may change, a.s too conformed with their national values.) of the patient as the words of a patient. In some of the survey results indicate. But the Recently an article caught my eye about neither case is there the quality of listening increase in students' early protest experience, one of the experimental youth communities we proffer someone who has something to in their inclination to protest, and in their in the United States. This one, Tolstoy Farm, say that is meaningful to us, that has im­ concern over social issues preclude the pos­ in the State of Washington, 1s like some 200 pact upon us, that causes us to behave dif­ sibility that our campuses will, in the near similar communes that form part of a move­ ferently." future, be characterized by the student in­ ment that hopes to find new answers to the Well, of course, in conclusion what I have difference of the 1950's. problems of urban life. According to the learned from my four months on the job "Social criticism and dissent have long founder, "They tend to be small and autono­ is that adults (i.e. the Establishment) can been regarded as essential features in any mous. In general, they are made up of indi­ risk listening to youth because, in fact, youth viable and effective educational community. viduals who want to live a certain way, out is not the threat to society that is often The data presented here indicates that stu­ of the mainstream of society." At Tolstoy pictured, and adults (i.e. the Establishment) dents of the future will maintain this es­ Farm, the land belongs to everyone and de­ must listen because youth has something sence, both on the campus and 1n the greater cisions are made in the community meetings very special to offer. society." by "consensus." If no consensus is reached, If we can learn to listen to youth, not as As for my proposition about youth's ideal- they do nothing. youth, but as intelligent, concerned members 13514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 of our society, then we will have done some­ These kids didn't spring full-bloom, like So our kids don't quit school anymore to thing very meaningful and very important Athena., from the brow of Jupiter. Many go onto the farms or into the factories. They and very rare. This, I admit, necessitates a forces developed toda.y's protesting, change­ go on beyond the eighth grade, beyond the real departure; societies throughout history bent youth. Many official and unofficial poli­ tenth, beyond the twelfth. Our society has have not been in the practice of listening cies nurtured the growth of their question­ prolonged their period of dependency, their to those who have not reached majority. But ing activism. A huge increase in the youth period of youth. We have succeeded, in some as Robert Frost wrote in his "The Road Not population has helped; our pollcy of pro­ sense, in finding what Ponce de Leon searched Taken:" longing the period of formal education for for. If he had only come to Florida 450 the young has helped; our child labor laws years later, he could have enrolled imme­ "I shall be telling this with a sigh have helped and, obviously, our Vietnam Somewhere ages and ages hence: diately a.t the University of Miami-that is, policy has helped, too. if he scored high enough on his College Board Two roads diverged in a wood, amd I­ The economic a1I:luence of our society has Tests. I took the one less traveled by, also contributed. A large portion of today's And that has made all the difference." In prolonging youth for the young, how~ young activists were born With a stainless ever, we also prolong their unproductivlty steel spoon in their mouths. They haven't in the marketplace. They aren't bringing ON BEING YOUNG: DOWN AND OuT IN THE had to work for financial support or security. AMERICAN SYSTEM* home the bacon; they're eating it. This has It's been handed to them on a silver-foil the advantage, some say, of supporting the (By Stephen Hess) platter, freeing them to turn their thoughts country's economic structure, but it has the Recently I read a first-hand report of a. and energies to their social and poll tical disadvantage of frustrating a young person college campus demonstration, which I would frustrations. who is physically mature and feels intellec· . like to share with you: There are now about 40 million young tually and socially ready to leave the con­ "Satan fell like lightning from heaven," people in this country between the ages of fines of the campus for "the real world." this observer wrote. "All college exercises 14 and 25. Those are our youth. Below that Our rationale for keeping young people in were suspended for several days, and half age, they're our children. Above that, they school longer is that they must acquire the the country was given a new topic of dis­ are our adult population. skills they will need to meet the demands of cussion. The tutors were imprisoned in their This youth group makes up 20 per cent of our sophisticated, technological society. The rooms, the doors of Nassau Hall were nailed our national population. It has done so, SDS analysis is that our schools are designed up; a bonfire was made of the college out­ quite consistently, ever since the begin­ as long-term prisons. buildings; the bell was rung continuously; ning of this century, except for the periods However you look at it, though, prolong­ windows were smashed in the upper floors, that reflected the lower birth rates of the ing the official period of youth on a. mass and billets of firewood fell in all directions depression and the two world wars. What has scale has drawbacks which Ponce de Leon on the heads of officers who tried to break increased dramatically is the number of never envisaged. Neither did we-until the their way in. Nassau Hall was in a state of young people staying on in school and the student revolt at Berkeley in the mid-1960's. siege." proportion staying in school longer. Since then, overt attacks on policies which As you probably guessed, this was not ~ In 1950, 38 per cent of this age group earlier generations of students accepted un­ James Reston column on the incidents at was in school-in junior high schools, high questioningly, student activism, student dis­ MIT last month, but rather a. report .)f what schools and colleges. Last year, that figure ruption, student violence have become com­ went on at Princeton in 1817. If you read was 54 per cent. It's going to get bigger all monplace. the time. Today, 94 per cent of our high a recent issue of American Heritage you The theme of the annual meeting of an as­ know that Princeton had six serious student school age population is actually in high school, and three-fourths graduate. sociation of college and university presidents rebellions between 1800 and 1830. Nor were not too long ago, was: "Who's in Charge they particularly unique. At Harvard dur­ Over half of those who graduate from high school go on for at least a. year of some kind Here?" And we have indications that the ing that period the university's president re­ working young, the non-college young, are signed, shortly after the students had un­ of post high school work, either in a. college or in a vocational or technical program. The also expressing-in a. different way-their successfully tried to set fire to his house, dissatisfaction With the existing climate. claiming he was weary of "fighting Wild number of young people enrolled in colleges and universities has nearly tripled in the Between November and March last year, beasts . . ." And at Brown, the Hell-Fire there were 341 protests in high schools in 39 Rummaging Club, an early 19th-Century last 20 years. It's now over seven million. The proportion of the youth group gradu­ States across the country. According to a version of the SDS, devoted itself to the Columbia University study, an equal num­ destruction of college property. ating from college is not very large-roughly 11 per cent. While we expect this will rise, ber occurred in junior high schools. These I think you will agree that young peo­ disruptions were found in schools of all sizes ple-some young people, at any rate-in we don't expect it to be higher than 14 per cent by 1985. and types, with all kinds of student bodies, every age and period of history have pushed in communities of all types and sizes-black, at the boundaries and limitations of the Right now, about 43 per cent of our 15-24 year-olds are in school. The other 57 per cent white, mixed. The issues were the same as society into which they were born. those sparking college protests; educational But what's different about the push of is divided like this: one-third working, just under three per cent unemployed, 7.5 per pollcies, institutional discipllne, dress code, today's youth is that there are greater num­ political, racial. It's also interesting to note bers of them pushing. They push harder. cent in the armed forces, and 14 per cent housewives. that 500 high schools are publishing under­ They push louder and-I think-they push ground newspapers. With more courage and with very clear aims Fifty years ago, there were 2.2 million high in mind. school students in this country. Today, there High school protests began a.s a. national Today's youth, many of them, feel alien­ are close to 15 million. Fifty years ago, there phenomenon, erupting across the country. ated and apart from their society. They were 600,000 students enrolled in all kinds College protests, on the other hand, began feel they have no input into the political of colleges. Today just about that same num­ as regional protests-first on both seaboards processes which produce conditions unac­ ber graduate from four-year colleges every and now spreading to other geographical ceptable to them. They are trying to force year. areas. entry into society-doubtless to try and And, of course, a. fantastic industry has College protests have been more often in change things once they are in. grown up around these growing numbers of larger schools, more often a.t private insti­ In the process of pushing, naturally, they students, complete with sub-industries and tutions, more often led by bright, upper­ create great problems. They make prob­ sub-cultures. Last August, the U.S. 01I:lce of middle class students. The number of col­ lems for their parents and their communi­ Education reported that 61.4 million people­ lege students participating ln all kinds of ties, for their teachers and their school ad­ about 30 per cent of our population-would demonstrations has quadrupled in three ministrators. They are problem-makers for be directly involved either a.s students or years, Jumping from seven per cent in 1967 State legislatures and for Congress. They're teachers in all levels of our educational sys­ to 28 per cent in 1969. even problems for local printers, some of tem. As for the working young, the Wallace vote whom refuse to print school publications Our nation has emphasized education since in the 1968 election gives an indication of because of what they regard as obscene and its beginnings. Harvard was opened in 1636, unrest there, too. The Survey Research Cen­ objectionable material. William and Mary in 1693, the University of ter of the University of Michigan finds, as we They annoy us. We wish they'd just shut Pennsylvania. in 1740. A 1647 Massachusetts would expect, that Wallace ran strongest up and leave us to enjoy or bemoan our law required an towns over a certain size to among the less educated voters. But it also world in peace and quiet. Sometimes, they maintain both an elementary and a Latin finds, a.s we might not expect, that outside horrify us. They tell us about the ills and school. Waves of immigrants coming to our the South, 38 per cent of his vote came from idiocies of our society-ills and idiocies with country reinforced this emphasis--education, people under 35--including those between which we are quite familiar, but have ignored for them, was the key to upward mobility. 25 and 30. Among his Republican supporters, or given up on. Our continued wealth has enabled govern­ Wallace received three times as many votes ment a.t all levels-Federal, State and local­ from those under 35 a.s from those over. Most to support expanding systems of education, surprising, 20 per cent of Wallace's youth *Presented to Pennsylvania. Society of and has enabled parents to support their vote came from voters who had originally Newspaper Editors, Penn-Harris Motor Inn, children during a. very long period CYf school supported Eugene McCarthy for the Demo­ Harrisburg, Pa., February 5, 1970, 8:00 p.m. attendance. cratic nomination. April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13515 Probably the dissatisfactions of the young proud, for example, that President Nixon now known at the time, had at least a foreboding voters who supported Wallace were d.Uferent has the youngest personal staff in White of how dangerous it might be to allow the from those of the college activists. I think, House history and that the average age of people a share in public power without pro­ however, that Wallace's youth vote was an his top political appointee has dropped three viding them at the same time with more pub­ anti-system vote from young people who saw, years from the Kennedy Administration. lic space than the ballot box and with more more than the d.Uferences between Wallace As the government creates and re-creates opportunity to make their voice heard in and McCarthy, that both were outside the its many advisory councils, a reasonable pro­ public than on election day. What he per­ establishment. portion of young people should serve on ceived to be the mortal danger to the repub­ What I'm saying is really very simple. We them, or as the President did in the case lic was that the Constitution had given all have a huge number of young people in this of the Selective Service Board, there should power to the citizens, without giving them country. We have prolonged their period of be established separate youth councils. the opportunity of being citizens and of formal education as we never did before, as Equally, local governments and institu­ acting as citizens." no other culture prolongs it or ever did pro­ tions-even Federal contractors-should be How much truer is this of young peo­ long it. We keep our young people in a state obliged to include young people on their ple, who may not even have the public space of financial, emotional and social dependency councils and boards, and even among their of the ballot box. No government can afford until they are long past physical maturity employees. to remain alienated from its young for very and well into some kind of intellectual We might even consider a constitutional long. Yet I cannot believe that it is that maturity. They are caught in the crunch be­ amendment to lower the age requirements difficult for a nation capable of getting to tween dependency and a natural drive for for certain public offices. In the case of the the moon. or successfully staying in busi­ independence. Something's got to give here. United States Senate, for example, from 30 ness as a republic for nearly 200 years, to find And what is giving is the respect the kids to 25. ways to involve it s youth more creatively in used to have for authority, for traditional The Brock report recommended strongly the system. values and attitudes. They feel frustrated by that we expand and sustain communicat ions We can and must show our young people their society, and so they turn on it. between the college community and the gov­ that the system they atta.ck will listen to The United States has lived by the Prot­ ernment. "Some of the questions raised by them and can be flexible in its response. estant ethic for a long time. It may well be students were truly the kind which deserve And we can and must enrich that system that we are entering a period of the protest and demand answers," the report said. "Some with a steady fiow of youth's energy a nd ethic. But both words come from the same of the misconceptions of government need vigor. Latin roots. They mean "to bear public wit­ correction." If we really open the doors of ness." our system to the young, we are setting up an We have seen a recent leveling off in pub­ unbeatable, continuing communications sys­ PROGRESS REPORT ON NIXON"S lic demonstrations of youth's disaffection. tem. BATTLE AGAINST INFLATION But the disaffection is st111 there--wm still But while we set up these channels of par­ be there for some time--and we, as a nation, ticipation for the young, we have to remem­ must deal with it constructively. ber that youth is also a time of preparation. HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI It's clear to those of us who have begun Perhaps there are techniques we can use to OF NEW JERSEY the planning and work for the White House make this time more satisfying to those who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Conference on Children and Youth that are being prepared. there must be a national youth policy, a Government policy should recognize young Wednesday, April 29, 1970 policy designed to meet the legitimate de­ people's right to experiment. Using the gov­ mands of the young and use their legitimate ernment's credit line, the young person Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, I sub­ talents for the national benefit. This policy should be able to test a variety of pre-pro­ mit another progress report on the should acknowledge the existence of youth fessional training-if he wants to. If he Nixon administration's battle against in­ as a part of the population, just as our cur­ switches and samples, each decision should flation. rent national policy recognizes children, be regarded as temporary-and acceptable. It is an article from the Washington women, labor, industry and other identifiable Such a program, in my opinion, should be Post of Sunday, April 26, 1970, written by population components or minority groups. done through loans-not grants. In this way, Mr. Hobart Rowen. The article, which Today, 21 is still the magic age for formal each young person would chart his own follows, carried the headline: "Nixon and legal entry into our society-although course and could pay for it through an adult, most States permit young people to drive business relationship with the government. Policy Slows Down Economy, But Not cars earlier and a few of our States allow After all, the obligation to pay one's debts is Inflation": them to marry earlier without parental con­ also a learning and maturing experience. NIXON POLICY SLOWS DOWN ECONOMY, BUT sent. Until a person is 21, in most States he Also, speaking as one who has to make a NOT INFLATION can't vote. He has no standing in any court large monthly mortgage payment, a very so­ (By Hobart Rowen) bering experience! other than a Juvenile court. He may not sign Presidential Press Secretary Ronald Zieg­ contracts or wills. He may not acquire or dis­ To further this legitimate period of ex­ ler told reporters the other day that the pose of property. He may not be elected perimentation, the government should also Council of Economic Advisers was "some­ to office and he may not serve on policy­ enlarge the range of internships and tempo­ what encouraged" by a slight decline in the making boards or groups, either private or rary pursuits available to young people. State and private institutions, and all levels of pace of inflation in March. public. Baloney. Some of our colleges and universities­ government, should be equally encouraged to The fact is t hat throughout the Adminis­ which first felt the sharp stab of protest­ offer short-term internships or apprentice­ ships in every possible field. tration, the whopping advance in the con­ have softened their policies and brought sumer price index was greeted with shock students into their Boards of Trustees and Moreover, we should try to make social and and dismay. The index rose 0.5 per cent (or other official governing groups. The govern­ public service a.ttractive and important by 6 per cent at an annual rate) , the same ment must similarly soften legal age and setting up more programs similar to VISTA, jump as in February. other requirements for young people and the ~eace Corps and the Teacher Corps. The "slight decline" to which Ziegler al­ bl'ling them earlier into the decision-making Young people, far more often than adults, luded represents a so-called seasonal ad­ process. want to help. Programs like these answer justment, which is probably meaningless. Young people should be permitted to vote that need. If they are a.dministered partly Even on that basis, the rise for the month before they are 21. They should be able to by the young, they will attract the young. If was 0.4 per cent (4.8 per cent annually), or own property and dispose of it. They should they are established with a responsible pay still far beyond the level of increase that be able to sign contracts. In general, they scale and other rewards, they will become anyone in the administration had expected should be permitted more official and legal realistic career alternatives. at this stage of the r:ame. responsibility in a manner which will give Federal policy should also work toward up­ The consumer price index st ands more them greater participation in the public grading the status of professions and jobs than 6 per cent higher than it did when processes of our society. that don't require a college degree. The feel­ Mr. Nixon took office--and the peak hasn·t You may recall that last spring, Congress­ ing that every young man or woman must yet been reached. man Bill Brock and 21 other Republican Con­ strive for a ba.chelor's degree in order to have The plain fact of the matter is that after gressmen toured a number of campuses where a. worthwhile job results from a national making all possible allowance for time "lags," there had been strong student disruption. rigidity and a national failure to recognize prices should have yielded more than they One of the recommendations in their re­ and reward other kinds of achievement. Per­ have to the Administration's combined fiscal port was that the voting age should be haps we need to rethink our professional and monetary curbs. And so should have lowered to 18. These Congressmen talked to status symbols. interest rates, which actually are starting hundreds of college students and found them If we do some of the things I have just up again after receding from peaks. better educated and more vitally concerned suggested, we just may answer part of youth's Although economic growth has been slowed with contemporary problems than at any need to belong-and our government's need to a crawl-the real Gross National Product earlier time in our history. to have them belong. rate in the first quarter of this year dropped Governments 8lt all levels should have more Hannah Arendt has written, "(Thomas) ba.ck to the level of the second quarter, young people in policy level positions. I am Jefferson, though the secret vote was still un- 1969-prices still storm upward. The best 13516 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 that can be said is that the pace in the last Valuable time has already been lost. In bers. Each "Jear a malleable swarm of new few months has been fractionally less hectic. view of the widespread concern being heard undergraduates enters the hive and is im­ Meanwhile, the slow-down in GNP growth in many Government departments, one won­ mediately caught up in peer customs and has resulted in a sharp increase in unem­ ders whether it is getting through Mr. Nixon's permeated by peer opinions. ployment. The seasonally adjusted rate in tighter inner White House circle to the Presi­ For them, all the ingredients of a new March, 1969, was 3.4 percent; in March, 1970, dent himself. independence coalesce. Parental supervision it was up a full point to 4.4 percent, repre­ Basic policy of exclusive reliance on broad is removed or greatly diminished; the heady senting a jump in the jobless total of 900,000 monetary and fiscal policy should be recon­ wine of intellectual elitism courses through persons--from 2.7 million to 3.6 million. sidered; for if we have many more consumer their veins. More than anything else, they The implication of all of this is painful price boosts of the kind Mr. Ziegler says is resemble probationers of some esoteric orga­ for Mr. Zeigler and other Administration offi­ "somewhat encouraging," we'll all be in the nization-eager to the point of sycophancy cials to acknowledge: economic policy has soup. That includes Republican congressmen to do all the right things and make all the slowed down the economy, but hasn't slowed running for re-election. right noises so that they will be accepted down inflation. We are experiencing, simul­ into the group. taneously, higher unemployment and high And the group to which they feverishly prices-recession with inflation-and that seek admission has unfortunately become sort of double economic jeopardy hasn't been ADDRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT, alienated from the values and institutions suffered since 1957-58 during the Eisenhower SPffiO T. AGNEW of our society. The most vocal and well pub­ years. licized members of that group are corumitted To Wall Street, it is all very clear: sharply to radical change. Small wonder, then, that lower first quarter profits, combined with HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL each year a new group of impressionable continued inflation and revelation of war consumers falls victim to the totalitarian involvements in Laos and Cambodia have ac­ OF ILLINOIS ptomaine dispensed by those who disparage celerated the tailspin in the stock market. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our system. Moreover, the President's dilution of his origi­ Wednesday, April 29, 1970 The real pity is that many of the students nally stated strong fiscal policy has led to of our universities really feel that the the­ fears that the Federal Reserve will not be Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, earlier atrical radicals are the architects of a brave able to ease tight money to any significant this month, Vice President AGNEW made new, compassionate world. Spiced with degree. national headlines again in his speech "rock" music, "acid" and "pot," the old When the President released his fiscal 1971 at Des Moines, Iowa, during which he Marxist idea of regulated equality without Budget proposals FebruaL·y 2, it was evident. effort becomes exciting, and they assail the that the $1.3 billion surplus was too skinny raised some serious questions about the institutions of the free enterprise system to be a certainty; there were too many de­ policies of certain colleges and univer­ without beginning to understand them. batable assumptions underlying the sur­ sities around the country. The true responsibility for these aberra­ plus-and that fact was pointed out here Last night in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., he tions and the nurturing of arrogance and and elsewhere. took up this theme again, with specific contempt for constitutional authority rests At least, though. Mr. Nixon's intention was comment on the deplorable situation at not with the young people on campuses, but firm: he wanted a credible surplus. But since Yale University. with those who so miserably fall to guide then, in part due to questionable decisions, them. I can well understand the attitude of and in part due to circumstances beyond his Once again the Vice President has cut the majority of the student body at Yale control, the budget plan has disintegrated. through to the heart of an issue and a University when most of the Yale faculty The proposed postal and general federal pay problem which so many members of the votes to endorse a strike in support of mem­ raise; the unfreezing of state and local con­ liberal community have attempted to bers of ar. organization dedicated to crim­ struction; and the dimming chance of sig­ cloud over with impassioned pleas about inal violence, anarchy, and the destruction nificantly lower interest rates will more than equal rights, equal opportunity, and all of the United states of America. wipe out the surplus-unless the President the other standard liberal cliches, which And when the President of that respected does the unexpected and takes a big new University describes the election of a Presi­ whack out of Pentagon spending. Moreover, never seem to include a mention of re­ dent of the United States by the people of some W a.shington experts think that the sponsibility. the United States as a "hucksterlzed process" cooled-off economy makes 1971 revenue esti­ I include the text of the Vice Presi­ under which they could not expect much mates suspect (the stock market drop does dent's remarks in the RECORD at this better "which ever package was bought or not help at all). point: sold,'' 1t 1s clearly time for the alumni of Since Wall Streeters now believe that there ADDRESS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT, that fine old college to demand that it be headed by a more mature and responsible will be a deficit in the federal budget next SPmo T. AGNEW year, instead of the planned surplus, they person. wouldn't be surprlsed by a turn-around in Tonight, at the risk of being further President Brewster of Yale has also stated Fed policy, aborting the easier money trenG.. charged with divisiveness, insensitivity and that he does not feel that l>lack revolution­ There were rumors last week that the mediocrity, I want to continue my discus­ aries can get a fair trial within our judicial banks, which just lowered the prime rate. sion of the deterioration of American val­ system. I do not feel that the students of may decide that lending rates must be ues in many of our institutions of higher ed­ Yale University can get a fair impression of boosted again to keep pace with market ucation. their country under the tutelage of Kingman developments. This was part of the reason Let us not be naive enough to believe that Brewster. for the slide in stocks. there are no seeds of revolution in the re­ What kind of mentors are we entrusting Critics of Administration policy have been bellion that radical young people describe our young people to When two college pro­ saying for many months that reliance on as "the movement." Let us be candid enough fessors are convicted of brutally beating a fiscal and monetary policy-and nothing to face the fact that the spawning ground third because of his political beliefs? When a else-wouldn't do the job: if the screws were and sanctuary of "the movement" is the former Associate Dean at a major uniYersity turned tight enough to crack down on infla­ American university. Few institutions are is charged with setting fires on the campus? tion and high interest rates, a serious reces­ more vital to a free society; none is so When faculty members join students 1n acts sion and sagging business profits would re­ susceptible to capture and destruction by of property destruction and encourage dis­ sult. But if the policy were tempered to pre­ the radical or criminal left. courtesy to guest speakers on the campus? vent a disaster on the jobs and profits side Before some of my detractors are tempted Most of these young people who depend of the equation, not much progress would to skip blithely to the conclusion that I am upon the ideology of "the movement" for be seen in the cost of goods and money. labeling all college students as members of moral and mental sustenance will In time The answer, as many observers have seen the criminal left, important distinctions find themselves as well nourished as a new it, is to supplement a cautious fiscal-mone­ must be drawn. baby on a diet of cotton candy. At that point, tary policy with other measures to dampen I am not talking about the overwhelming they will return to the enduring values just excessive wage hikes, price rises and interest majority of college students who are on the as every generation before them has done. rates. This would require reliance on selec­ campus to learn, nor am I talking about the But unfortunately, there is a much smaller tive controls, and Congress has given the majority of faculty members who find it in­ group of students who are committed to President authority to apply them. creasingly difficult to teach in a spreading radical change through violent means. Some But Mr. Nixon shrinks from this strategy, climate o! disruption and disorder. But I of these may be irretrievable; all will re­ although it has been pressed on him by re­ am gravely concerned that their majority quire very firm handling. spected Republican politicians as well as will soon become a minority unless some Within their ranks are the students who Democrats. strong swift steps are taken by administra­ last week hurled stones at the home of the Businessmen and the public, faced with tors who up until now haven't shown much President of Penn State University, the stu­ the evidence of persistent infi.ation, appear heart for counter action. dents responsible for the arson at the Uni­ willing to try some version of controls. Labor The vulnerability of the academic com­ versity of Kansas, tbe score the facts are Sixth, any organization which publicly de­ to an end. The political and social demands these: clares its intention to violate the rules of that dissidents are making of the universi­ Two months ago, the militant Black Action an academic community and which carries ties do not flow from sound basic educational Movement at Michigan made non-negotiable out that declaration should be barred fro"!!­ criteria, but from strategic considerations on demands, including the enrollment of nine campus. The university is a community with how to radicalize the student body, polarize hundred black students by Fall of 1971, a its own rules; and one of these is that rea­ the campus and extend the privileged en­ full ten percent black enrollment by the son governs and ideas prevail on their merits, claves of student power. Fall of 1973; to thereafter increase until not on the number who can be massed be­ Let me quote you Mark Rudd of the SDS black registration was proportionate to Ne­ hind them. in one of his more coherent comments: gro population in the State of Michigan. When the demands were not met fully and Two years ago, at the time of the violence "Let me tell you. We manufactured the at Columbia, President Nixon said that the issues. The Institute for Defense Analysis is precisely, BAM, supported by SDS, struck. For twelve days classes were disrupted, fur­ Columbia disorders were "The first major nothing at Columbia. Just three professors. skirmish in the revolutionary struggle to And the gym issue is bull. It doesn't mean niture and windows broken, and students and teachers intimidated and assaulted by seize the universities of this country and anything to anybody. I had never been to the transform them into sanctuaries for radicals gym site before the demonstrations began. black and white radicals. Fires were set in campus buildings. Local and state police, and vehicles for revolutionary political and I didn't even know how to get there." social goals." When peace comes through appeasement mobilized to restore order, were kept away and capitulation to the likes of Rudd, by on the directive of President Fleming. He counseled Columbia to rid itself of trading away sound educational principles Twelve days after it began, the strike any student organizations involved directly and the safeguards of academic freedom, the ended. The concessions granted were in­ in the violence. peace thus purchased is not worth the price. distinguishable from the demands. "If that student violence is either re­ That sell-out is intellectual treason. Better a At the strike's end a spokesman an­ warded or goes unpunished then the ad­ confrontation than a cave-in. nounced, "BAM has called an end to the ministration of Columbia University wlll Second, a concise and clear set of rules for strike, but the revolution is only started." have guaranteed a new crisis on its own c:ampus conduct should be established, trans­ To President Fleming the agreement may campus and invited student coups on other mitted to incoming freshman, and en­ be a "bold commitment" for Michigan; to campuses all over the country." jorcecL-with immediate expulsion the pen­ me it looks like the kind of settlement in­ Columbia ignored the counsel and granted alty for serious violations. timidated garment manufacturers used to a general amnesty, an amnesty received with The rule of reason is the guiding principle "negotiate" with Louis "Lepke" Buchalter. contempt, jeers, and a stream of four-letter in an academic community, and those who President Fleming has set a target that will epithets from the militants who had held out apply the rule of force have no business almost be impossible to reach without im­ for it. there. For the good of the academic com­ pairing the quality of his- institution. More­ Now, two more .years have passed and the munity, they should be booted out. over, he has greatly expanded the power and commonplace seizure of campus buildings Third, as I stated in Des Moines, it is folly influence of a militant organization that is has been pushed off page one by the burning for universities confronted with their cur­ flushed with a victory gained by having of campus buildings. rent crisis in our turbulent t i mes to open crippled his school. The plain truth is that Civil disobedience has degenerated into their doors to thousands of patently un­ Fleming buckled under to a few squads of criminal violence. From sit-Ins, we have qualified students. kid extortionists. moved to clubs, bricks, bottles and guns­ A recent survey sponsored by the Carnegie As for t:te vigor of my criticism of Presi­ to violent clashes with police-to burning Commission on Higher Education indicated dent Fleming, it was conscious-based ori the Bank of America. that less than one-half of the more than an old Cub Scout theory that the best way It is late in the day-but it is not too late 60,000 university and college faculty mem­ to put a tough crust on a marshmallow is t,o save the colleges and universities of this bers polled favored relaxing normal aca­ to roast it. country from the future the anarchic dream­ demic admission standards for minority group Our colleges and universities are charged ers have in store. It will take courage and it applicants. And almost three-quarters of the with a grave duty-to preserve and broaden will very probably involve the kind of con­ 60,000 did not favor relaxing normal aca­ the intellectual heritage of our nation and frontations understandably distasteful to demic standards in appointing minority civili?.ation and to educate the leaders of men of thought. group members to the faculty. that nation and the world in this and the The prescient professor of philosophy from I am going to pause on that note for a next century. New York University, Dr. Sidney Hook, traces moment. It is not a daily occurrence to find In the past that slice of national respon­ the seeds of the current disorders back to my opinions shared by such a large number sibility seemed to be sufficient. No longer. 1964. A year ago. in Saturday Review he of the academic community. I now await Today, the glamor stocks are the war against wrote: 13518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 "Shortly after the riotous events at the To most academicians the traditional into prominence with the phenomenal rise University of California at Berkeley in 1964, enemy has always been on the Right. The in guerrilla warfare in this century. Whether I predicted that in consequence of the fac­ sixties showed how pitifully unprepared the in guerrilla or more organized wars, the ulty's refusal to condemn the student seizure academic community was for an assault from availability of sanctuaries permits the weak­ of Sproul Hall, the administration building, its ideological rear. er party to "get home free" despite hot pur­ American higher education would never be They had best learn how to deal with it, for suit and also permits him to launch attacks the same again, that a turning point had their survival is at stake. One modest sug­ at times and places of his own choosing, been reached in the pattern of development. gestion for my friends in the academic com­ when the moment to recross the border I confess, however, to surprise at the rapidity munity; the next time a mob of students, seems opportune. of the change, if not its direction, and by the waiving their non-negotiable demands, start In the present war, the Communists use escalation of the violence accompanying it." pitching bricks and rocks at the Student their sanctuary areas in Laos and Cambodia American higher education has never been Union-just imagine they are wearing for major supply routes (Ho Chi Minh and the same since. The toehold of the anti­ brown shirts or white sheets-and act Sihanouk trails), for supply depots and democratic left at Berkeley has become an accordingly. caches, for hospitals, and for military camps established beachhead in both universities Ninth, let us support those courageous and assembly areas. Early in the war, when and the larger society. administrators, professors and students on the authentic South Vietnamese Vietcong Campus anarchy that might have been our college campuses who are standing up were still strong and omnipresent, and the nipped in the bud at Berkeley with a single for the traditional rights of the academi c United States was still learning the game, act of administrative decisiveness and :t'aculty community, against what the New York most of these activities could be carried on courage-can now be contained only at con­ Times rightly calls the "New Fascists." Their inside South Vietnam. siderable cost. But the sooner the price of number is growing. ALL THEY HAVE LEFT saving the universities is paid, the better. Last Week President Eric Walker of Penn­ Seventh, we must look to how we are rais­ sylv.ania State University along with his Now that the Vietcong are weak and get­ ting weaker, and General Creighton Abrams ing our children. In the New York Times, wife was driven from their home by rock­ columnist Tom Wicker made a lugubrious throwing students. He has p!edged no has gotten on top of the military situation lament that those were "our children" in amnesty for the thugs responsible, his inside Vietnam, the Laos and Cambodia the streets of Chicago giving the Bronx Cheer trustees are behind him; and the country sanctuaries are the only springboards the to the Conrad Hilton. To a degree Wicker is will be well served if he stands by his guns. Communists have left. right-and the fact that we raised some of The country will support these principles · Almost all the successful or viciously stub­ -and from the recent survey of the Car­ born insurgencies of this century have de­ the crowd that was "Ut there in Grant Park pended on some form of sanctuary strategy. is one of the valid indictments of my gen­ negie Commission on Education, college faculties themselves have had a bellyful and Arab-Egyptian sanctuaries in Tunis and eration. (to a lesser extent) Morocco were perhaps the But precisely whose children are they? are ready to act as well. Eighty percent in­ terviewed said these campus disorders were determinant factor in the success of the Al­ They are, for the most part, the children gerian Rebellion against France during the of amuent, permissive, upper-middle-class a threat to ac.ademic freedom; three out of four said that students who disrupt the col­ 1950s. Try as the French could-by barriers, parents who learned their Dr. Spock and by patrols, and by diplomacy-they never threw discipline out the window-when they ~ege should be suspended or expelled. Can it be that within the faculty lounges there completely sealed off the Tunisian border; should have done the opposite. and eventually, with military victory in their They are the children dropped off by their is also a Great Silent Majority? One final thought about academic free­ grip, they ne:vertheless had to give up Al­ parents at Sunday school to hear the "mOd­ geria. ern" gospel from a "progressive" preacher dom and the true liberal philosophy. Neither more interested in fighting pollution than can be reconciled with the coarse repression OTHER WARS fighting evil-one of those pleasant clergy­ by the New Left of other points of view. Today, at least ten of the most cancerous men who lifts his weekly sermons out of old The rude shouting-down of guest speakers guerrilla wa.rs now going on depend on border newsletters from a National Council of is totally incompatible with the presence of sanctuaries. Churches that has cast morality and theology intellectual excellence. Therefore, we must In Africa, the continued incursions against aside as not "relevant" and set as its goal on presume that intellectual excellence is no Portugal's Angola and Mozambique are earth the recognition of Red China and the longer present on campuses where another mounted from Zambia (and, behind Zambia., preservation of the Florida Alligator. viewpoint cannot be expressed, analyzed, the Congo). Zambia--a particular trouble­ These parents not only indulged their and debated. And it is not enough to defend making activist in this kind of war-also children; they indulged themselves-leaving by saying that the disruptors are in the serves as sanctuary and launching pad for Junior alone night after night with his fa­ minority. Because if intellectual excellence guerrilla incursions southward into Rhodesia vorite babysitter-the TV tube. By the time were present, it would never abide such and ultimately South Africa. the average child reaches eighteen years of animal conduct. . Tanzania (which is virtually the revolu­ age, he bas spent something like 18,000 hours It is one of the tragedies of our time tionary, guerrilla home base of East Africa) squatting mesmerized before the make-be­ that faculties and students sit in catatonic also supports trans-border operations against lieve world of television. Now undeniably, he trance while the raucous militants destroy Mozambique. Farther up the coast, Somalia learned some goOd things there, but they academic freedom. has fed Shifta bandits south across its fron­ cannot substitute for parental guidance. Un­ When will they awaken? tier with Kenya and northwest into Ethiopia.. fortunately, he also learned that instant grat­ The long-standing, festering insurgencies ification can be had with a proper admixture of North Burma are maintained from over of credit cards, fast automobiles, cigarettes, GUERRn..LA SANCTUARIES the border by Chinese Communists. Thai­ pills, toothpaste, deOdorants, and hair dress­ land-our staunchest ally 1n Southeast ing. Asia--has not one but three guerrilla wars, Today, by the thousands-without a cul­ HON. BOB WILSON each one sustained from across a frontier: in the south, by Malaysian-Chinese Commu­ tural heritage, without a set of spiritual OF CALIFORNIA values, and with a moral code summed up 1n nists; in the northeast, by North Vietnamese; that idealistic injunction, "do your own IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and in the north-center, from Laos, by Chi­ thing," junior-his pot and Portnoy secreted Wednesday, April 29, 1970 nese and North Vietnamese guerrillas. in his knapsack-arrives at "The Old Main" IRISH TROUBLES Mr. BOB WU.SON. Mr. Speaker, under and finds there a smiling and benign faculty Closer to home, in Northern Ireland, much even more accommodating and less demand­ leave to extend my remarks in the of the steam of the Catholic resistance ing than his parents. RECORD, I include the following: against the Ulster Protestants-a civil war in For a decade these colleges and universities [From the Armed Forces Journal, all but name--comes from south ot the bor­ have undergone a barrage from the under­ Apr. 18, 1970] der in Eire. ground press, films, plays, manifestoes, THE PROBLEM OF GUERRILLA SANCTUARIES While Israel is the victim o! extensive novels, and even mass magazines; the theme would-be sanctuary warfare by the Arabs of which is that American society and all (By Col. R. D. Heinl, Jr., North American from Jordan and now from Lebanon, the its institutions-business, the army, the Newspaper Alliance) Israelis pursue the tough and admittedly government, the universities-are irrational The central issue in the Laos-Cambodia more risky policy that, if a frontier can be racist and corrupt. ' crisis is whether Hanoi can continue to oper­ violated with impunity by one side in one Glorifying direct action and violence, these ate with impunity from sanctuary enclaves direction, the other party (in this case publications have as their pervasive emo­ in those countries across the borders o! Israel) is free to strike back in sel!-defense. tions-contempt !or Western culture and South Vietnam. When diplomacy and world pressure fail, this hatred for the United States. Undeniably, Without these border sanctuaries in Laos is probably the only feasible response. this stream of opinion has been Influential and Cambodia, the North Vietnamese cannot Thus a sanctuary strategy, while not guar­ on the campus. Is it any wonder that in 1970 win, nor can they even maintain the war in anteeing a sure win, can almost always make some are easily radicalized by the SDS? the south at low intensity. it difilcult if not impossible for the guerrilla. Eighth, we must look to the university The use of international borders as lines to lose. Unhappily, it is also an axiom of that receives those chtldren. Is U prepared which one side (e.g., North. Vietnam) can guerr1lla war that if the defending forces do to deal with the challenge of the non­ cross and its opponents (e.g., U.S. and South not win, they lose-and 1! the guerrllias do democratic Left? Vietnam) cannot is a tactic which has come not lose, they win. April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13519 That is why the sanctua.rtes of Laos and and the American taxpayer. A Wall Street home on a Sunday afternoon, but the first Cambodia are vital to Hanoi and, in a. reverse executive states that "in the nursing home thing you've got to show t-hese old people sense, doubly so to us. business-there is no way to lose." Some 70 1s who's boss.' The brochure the owner nursing home chains have been established handed me, refers to 'pleasant home atmos­ in recent months which now sell their stock phere.'" to the public. Mutual fund companies own Several myths have been successfully sold WHERE WE PUT THE AGED approximately six million shares of these to the American public. One of them is that stocks. Nursing home securities are referred all nursing homes or homes for the aged are to as "the hottest stock on Wall Street." strictly licensed, duly inspected, and that a HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM Business Week entitles an article, "Nursing "health team" is physically present at all Homes Offer an Investment Lure." The same OF NEW YORK times, or at least nearby to serve the pa­ publication elsewhere explains a novel fi­ tients. It's not true. Another myth is that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nancing plan whereby several nursing home if an institution states that it is "approved Wednesday, April_ 29, 1970 chains induced doctors to find patients for for Medicaid and Medicare," then it is a them by selling a major interest in each home which provides good service to the Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, our home to a group of local physicians. patient. That's also untrue. There is no con­ friend and colleague from Arkansas, Mr. Only 10 percent of our nursing homes are trol over the nursing home industry, though DAVID H. PRYOR, has written a vivid and nonprofit institutions, and these as a general two out of three patients in nursing homes disturbing article on nursing home con­ rule are operated by communities, locally and homes for the aged in our country are ditions, which appeared in the New Re­ supported hospitals, churches, religious or­ kept there through some federal or federally ganizations, or fraternal groups. Those who assisted program. One chain nursing home public for April 25, 1970. The article are entering the nursing-home-for-profit owner said in a recent newspaper article that follows: business, according to many of the pros­ 85 cents of each dollar that fiowed into his SOMEWHERE BETWEEN SOCIETY AND THE pectuses now on file with the Securities and business came from government sources. CEMETERY: WHERE WE PUT THE AGED Exchange COmmission, are generally builders, The taxpayers are paying $2 blllion a year (By David H. Pryor) contractors, restaurant operators, fast buck to the nursing home industry. All controls entrepreneurs. over where this money goes and what it buys Almost one mlllion Americans, a. large The price per bed in these homes is zoom­ silent minority, are in 20,000 nursing homes. are fragmented, self-frustrating, and inef­ ing upwards at an alarming rate-$700 a fectual. Both the Medicaid and Medicare They've been sent there to die, in a halfway mont! _ is not uncommon. In addition to the house somewhere between society and the agencies in the Department of Health, Ed­ basic room and board fee, there are often ucation and Welfare issue standards for nurs­ cemetery. We've had the idea. that if we "extras," which are not known until the could funnel more money into the nursing ing homes participating in their respective home industry, the quality of care would first statement arrives. programs; neither agency enforces its stand­ rise. We've been wrong: the patient has taken I became interested in this scandal several ards. In the case of Medicaid, which is a the backseat to profits. This is where govern­ years back while serving as a freshman state-administered program, nursing homes ment erred: it treated nursing home care as legislator in the Arkansas House of Repre­ are certified for participation by state agen­ a housing, not a health program. sentatives. At each legislative session we cies. Certification is often on the basis of A few months ago, an Associated Press found ourselves voting additional welfare surveys and reports by county agencies. The series of articles on the nursing home in­ payments for the local nursing home in­ federal administrative agency, the Social and dustry diclosed that: dustry. We were told tha.t the additional Rehabilitative Service, has virtually no con­ Physician care for the nursing home pa­ money would be spent for additional care. trol over the quality or frequency or these tient is so scarce that it is a national scan­ We never discovered what additional care or surveys and does not even receive informa­ dal; services would be improved or how the pa­ tion on the number of homes certified by the One-seventh of drug prescriptions to nurs­ tient would benefit. states. If a patient or his family writes to ing patients are administered wrong, and Coming to Washington, I spent four week­ his representative in Congress to complain drugs are commonly used to make patients ends as a volunteer worker at nursing homes of conditions in a Medicaid nursing home, .. easier to handle"; in the area. I saw loneliness, despair, the complaint is usually referred to HEW The average food-cost per patient in many anxiety-boredom-total, absolute boredom. for investigation. HEW in turn refers it to the nursing homes today is less than $1 per The only relief comes when the attendant state agency and from there to the county day; brings a meal into the room. In one room agency, which probably is responsible for In a Topeka, Kansas home three-fourths of 14 beds, the proprietor woke an elderly permitting the condition to exist in the first of the patients checked had not been seen lady, asked her how she was feeling and then place. The patient has nowhere to tum. No by a. doctor in six months, and in Minnesota, told me that this particular patient had had one is in charge. the average amount of physician care per a "slight hea.rt attack" early in the day, but The Social Security Administration must patient in 100 nursing homes was 27':! min­ that they did not make a. practice of calling approve nursing homes for participation in utes per week; the doctor on Sunday. In another home, as Medicare as extended care facllities. Here The National Fire Prevention Association I was clipping the toenails of an 80-year-old too, the standards, which in many respects shows nursing homes at the top of unsafe veteran, he told me not to let the attendant are vague, are actually applied by state and places to live. see me do this as they charged $7 when they county agencies. Reports are sent to the re­ A New York Daily News reporter, hired as did it. I saw toothless patients served big gional otnces of the Social Security Admin­ a nurse's aide, found the food in several slabs of cold meat, which they were incapable istration where the certifications are signed, New York homes abominable, filthy rooms, ot cutting into bite-size portions. In a. home With little or no knowledge of actual con­ roaches in glasses, dirt in water pitchers and of 80 patients, there was only one attendant ditions in the homes. Social Security officials indescribable conditions in bathrooms. on duty. In the hall I saw four helpless peo­ have no information on the qualifications From other news reports we learn that a. ple in wheelchairs, three of whom were sitting or surveyors doing Medicare inspections. nursing home administrator may well have in their own excretion. The attendant told The tremendous sum which federal pro­ a.s his only qualifications that he was a junk me, "We just don't have enough help and the grams are pouring into nursing home care dealer; that tough federal regulations have owners don't pay us enough to live on." is profoundly affecting the development and been much slower reaching the nursing "Who shaves your older men?" I asked one growth of the industry. The Infusion of dol­ homes than federal dollars; that 87 nursing proprietor. "About every three days, when lars has stimulated a building boom in nurs­ homes that failed to meet federal standards they catch up with their other work, that is ing homes which 1s completely out of hand. were paid $380,000 in the last half of 1968; the job for the maintenance crew," was his Congress has appropriated funds to assist that in Wisconsin, a 317-bed home went reply. "How much does it cost to have a state and regional pla.n.ning agencies in their without regular state inspections for almost patient here?" I asked an attendant in a efforts to rationalize the numbers, types and three years, although a 1967 check resulted Maryland home. "It depends on their in­ distribution of new health facilities; to cur­ in a four-page list of violations. come," she said. tail waste and duplication; and to provide It will be recalled that 32 persons recently A friend of mine in Conneoticut recently our communities with a balanced complex died at Marietta, Ohio in a "goOd" nursing visited fonr nursing homes in his area with or facillties which can deliver modem medi- home which had been allowed to operate the idea of placing his father in an extended . cal care in an effective and economical way. with "deficiencies." care faci:ity. He saw "attendants ignore one At the same time, Congress has frustrated A maze of pyramiding new government old woman's call for help; I saw one owner those aims by enticing investment capital programs such as Medicare and Medicaid, talk in an insultingly derogatory way about Into the industry on a huge scale, with a new methods of financing nursing- homes, a. patient, in front of that very patient; I virtual guarantee of business and profits. new formulas adopted by Social Security and saw incredible filth and signs of neglect; and The Securities and Exchange Commission welfare agencies to reimburse the proprietors I heard things that seemed to me to evidence 1s charged with serving the investor public. of nursing homes, together with a lack of a callousness and crudity that I certainly Let me then put to the SEC some questions interest in both the enactment and enforce­ would not want any parents of mine exposed the public needs to have answered: Are the ment of tough regulations which protect to. The owner of the home said to me. 'Look, nursing homes listed as properties of a par• the patient--aU this adds up to booming your father is getting old and he is hard to ticular company good or bad, are they prop­ profits for the owners, and explosive and handle, right? You bring him right here, erly sta1fed, do they give good care? Are some rising coots for the patient, their relatives maybe in a. few weeks you can take him of these newly formed public companies CXVI-851-Part 10 13520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 simply devices for paper transfer of owner­ A QUESTION OF JUSTICE example of this principle the difficulties ex­ ship and inflating the capitalization of the The result of this mismatch is that until perienced by Theodore Roosevelt in trying properties? Are the SEC and HEW working quite recently, such major private-sector to establish conservation Of natural resources together to assess the burgeoning growth of consumer injustices as hidden credit costs, as national policy in place of the older public investment in nursing home chains? unsafe automobiles and hazardous house­ "homesteading" policy. They are not. No one is protecting the pub­ hold products, unsanitary meats and poultry, HUsman's description is highly relevant to lic, no one is protecting the tax dollars, and dangerous or ineffective drugs, and deceptive ·consumer representation: " ... The old or­ no one is protecting the patients. packaging and labeling, received superficial ganizational arrangements provided easy attention. channels for lumbering and oth~r exploita­ Still to be dealt with conclusively in the tive interests to express their preferences and years ahead are abuses in the insurance field, almost none for 'conservationist' interests to ROSENTHAL DEFINES CONSUMER sharp practices in the automobile and TV express theirs. There were almost no mech­ ISSUE repair industries, warranty probleinS, de­ anisms for gathering the kind of information ceptive and non-informative advertising, that would permit governmental decisions to home repair frauds, costly games of chance, conserve rather than exploit. The result was HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL trading stamps, and sweepstakes, household that President Roosevelt could not really moving probleinS, inadequate and confusing change ... policy ... until he changed OF NEW YORK the organimtion dealing with the problem." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES food grades, discrimination against low-in­ come consumers, and the consumer ·informa­ DECEPTIVE LAWS Wednesday, April 29, 1970 tion gap. In my view, the c-onsumer of the 1970's is Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, fol­ What has government's response been to in much the same position as the conserva­ these problems? Briefly, the federal govern­ tionist of 1900. The present organizational lowing are the remarks I made before the ment has responded, in an uneven manner, arrangements at the federal level-with Cab­ National Priorities Committee of the to substantive consumer abuses by support­ inet representation for business, industry Democratic Policy Council, April 29. The ing legislation designed to eliminate the and agriculture--provide easy channels for speech was addressed to the social and abuse. But, to the extent that the effective­ producer interests to express their prefer­ political significance of the consumerism ness of these laws depends upon vigorous ences and almost none for consumer inter­ issue. Here is the text: enforcement by the responsible federal agen­ ests to express theirs. In a governmental sys­ cies and to the extent that the government tem where decision making depends on effec­ STATEMENT OF CONGRESSMAN BENJAMIN S. is involved in thousands of decisions which tive advocacy of all points of view, such or­ ROSENTHAL OF NEW YORK vitally affect the consumer interest, con­ ganizational discrimination is intolerable. INTRODUCTION sumer protection at the federal level has The worth of any law is based, ultimately, I appear before you today to discuss an been a failure. on its execution. The mere enactment of issue which I believe involves both the in­ At the state government level, some prog­ consumer laws, without effective considera­ tegrity of our free enterprise system and ress has been made but mostly in the form tion of how these laws are to be adminis­ the quality of life in America. of increased authority to state Attorneys tered and by whom, is deceptive. In a political context, this issue-con­ General to prosecute consumer frauds. We have arrived at the point where the sumerism-is of such importance that it LocaJ government, with isolated excep­ steadily increasing body of consumer la.ws to might very well play a decisive part in the tions, has done little. be administered by the federal government outcome of the 1970 and 1972 elections. In Washington, we have recently Witnessed is now beyond the efficient ree.ch Of any hap­ We are all actively aware that our national another Administration's attempt to address hazard combination Of agency appendages. priorities have been distorted by dispropor­ itself to consumer probleinS. After a very un­ This was true of housing problems in 1965 tionate military spending and sorry neglect certain start, the post of Presidential Ad­ when the Department Of Housing and Urban of our domestic ills. And it is not an over­ viser on Consumer Affairs was continued Development was established; it was true of statement to suggest that the waste of our under a knowledgeable and earnest woman transportation probiems in 1966 when the financial resources caused by fraud and de­ With some substantial experience as heact of Department of Transportation was created; ception in the marketplace may exceed the a state consumer protection office. it is true today of consumer problems. cost of wasteful military spending. But the uncertainty surrounding the Fundamental economic problems face gov­ The plight of the consumer does not maintenance of this staff position and the ernment today in the questions of how con­ stem merely from a lack of governmental manner in which it was filled were not good sumers really are represented in existing funds. The imbalance of priorities here is omens. Nor is it good government to have agencies, whether consumer activities in one ideological-not financial. And it has the vital task of consumer protection and agency bear any relation to those in another spawned much of the anger we see in many representation, depend upon the whim or agency, whether there is adequate coordina­ of the large protest movements which are caprice of any President. tion and overview of consumer-related pro­ changing the social fabric of our country. grams, and whether there should be more The young, the blacks and the consumers Consumer protection at the federal level central control. must be institutionalized by statute in a share a common theme in their rebell1.on­ FRAGMENTED CONSUMER RESPONSmiLITY demands for better representation of their permanent and independent consumer pro­ interests in the government's decision-mak­ tection agency in the Executive Branch. At present, the American consumer's voice ing processes. THE EUROPEAN EXAMPLE is faintly heard through some 33 federal de­ By placing the consumer interest on an partments and agencies carrying on approxi­ To those who see this as a radical proposal, mately 260 consumer activities. Consider equal footing With special interests, the I would like to point out that a number of Democratic Party has an excellent oppor­ that-- Western European nations already have Cab­ Responsibility for enforcing the Truth-in­ tunity to redress the average citizen's griev­ inet-level Departments to represent and pro­ ances and highlight Republican apathy and Lending Act is vested in nine separate agen­ tect consumers. We are now far behind these cies; equivocation towards them. countries. Not only in how our government Consumer injustice can be combatted by Administration of the Fair Packaging and represents the consumer interest, but 1n con­ Labeling Act is divided among three agen­ giving the consuming public a loud and ef­ sU!.aer product testing and the release of con­ fective voice in the councils of government. cies-the Federal Trade Commission, the sumer information. Food and Drug Administration, and the De­ The abuses consumers face in this coun­ There are many who would have us be­ try are a d,isgrace. partment of Commerce; lieve that the spate of new consumer laws No less than five federal agencies are re­ CONSUMERISM AND ITS PROBLEMS has elevated consumers to a dominant posi­ sponsible for consumer protection of the The consumer is in serious need of help. tion in the marketplace; that the weight poor; The American free enterprise system, with of governmental action has shifted from the The Flammable Fabrics Act of 1967 is its give and take in the marketplace, is producer side to the consumer side. Nothing shared by the Department of Commerce, the basically healthy. But in the supermarket could be further from the truth. FTC, and the FDA; aisle, on the auto showroom floor, and across While our government is presently more Responsibility for the wholesomeness of from the cash register everywhere, the con­ aware of and even more responsive to con­ fish and fishery products falls both to the sumer must face Madison Avenue, the whirl­ sumer needs than in the past, producer Food and Drug Administration and the In­ ing computer and the motivational research groups still exercise a. disproportionate in­ terior Department's Bureau of Commercial psychologist. He must face the giant corpo­ fluence over econOinic policy. This is true in Fisheries; rate structure with its single-minded con­ the governmental body that makes the laws; Programs to control air and water poilu• cern for profit and its capacity to spawn it is true in the body that administers the tion can be found in a half dozen agencies. powerful lobbies in Washington and state laws. These laws, each with merit, have prolif­ capitols. The consumer must face not simply In proposing the establishment of an in­ erated beyond the ability of our present gov· outright fraud and deception but sharp dependent ConsUIUer Protection Agency, my ernmental structure to handle thein. practices honed to incredible subtlety. thesis has been that to change policy, one Despite the large number of federal agenc Standing alone, the American consumer can­ must change orga.nlzation. Roger HUsman, cies that purportedly represent the consum· not deal with this power in the marketplace. in his book, "To Move a Nation," cites as an er, it is still a fact that: April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13521

There is no single federal agency to which merce successfully promulgate lumber gard to the apparently well-founded reports consumers can direct complaints; standards or administer its part of the Fair that Soviet pilots are flying combat missions There is no single federal agency devoted Packaging and Labeling Act and yet serve in Egypt. This indication that the Soviet to the pressing needs of the low-income con­ the interests of its real constituency, the Union is prepared to have Soviet personnel sumer; business community? Can the important con­ engaged in combat operations against the There is no single federal agency which sumer responsibilities relating to food and Israelis is a very serious development inch~ed gathers and disseminates to the public the drug labeling required by the Food, Drug and the Soviets should be made aware, not considerable product and economic informa­ and Cosmetic Act receive adequate attention only of our deep concern, but of our de­ tion that is available at the federal level; in a Department whose Secretary iS also termination to · take whatever action may There is no sinlge federal agency which burdened by problems of education and be necessary to see that Israel's security is represents the consumer interest before fed­ welfare? not jeopardized. eral courts, departments, and regulatory My own conclusion is that, without full, The Soviet Union should be under no illu­ agencies; vigorous and coordinated enforcement, many sions that America is so preoccupied with There is no single federal agency which consumer protection laws benefit only the Vietnam that we will stand aside in the face scrutinizes the nation's food marketing sys­ printers and bookbinders of the United of increased Soviet involvement in the Mid­ tem from producer to consumer; States Code. The Wholesome Meat Act was dle East conflict. To reemphasize our de­ There is no single federal agency in which passed two years ago but we still have 60 termination to ~ee that Israel has the means the consumer education function resides; persons infected with trichinosis in a small for her own defense, the President should And certainly, there is no single federal Missouri town. We still have confusing labels immediately reopen consideration of his de­ agency which can boast that it has con­ on supermarket shelves because the Fair cision with regard to further sales of Phan­ sistently anticipated consumer problems in­ Packaging and Labeling Act is inadequate toms and other aircraft, and should take stead of reacting to them on a crisis basis. and is not being properly enforced. And we steps to see that Israel's needs are met. What makes such a fragmented consumer still have dangerous fabrics sold to unsus­ protection apparatus deplorable, is that con­ pecting consumers, some of whom suffer sumers are almost never represented at needlessly from burns, because agreement agency deliberations. cannot be reached on how the Flammable OUR EVER-INCREASING POLLUTION Fabrics Act should be enforced. JUDGING THE RECORD PROBLEM What is the consumer record of our fed­ A NEW FEDERAL CONSUMER AGENCY eral government? What vital functions would such a new Are we satisfied with the performance of independent agency perform that are not HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE our regulatory agencies in advancing the con­ now exerciSed by the 33 departments and OF MISSOURI sumer interest in America? agencies bearing consumer protection re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Has the Federal Trade Commission been a sponsibi11tles? vigorous champion of the consumer cause? 1. A central clearing house for consumer Wednesday, April 29, 1970 Has the Interstate Commerce Commission complaints would be establiShed where now Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, in view effectively represented the consumers' inter­ there is none. of our ever-increasing pollution prob­ est in matters relating to household moving 2. A central repository for consumer infor­ problems and railroad passenger service? mation would organize, release, and in some lem, I thought the following article Has the Federal Communications Com­ cases disseminate on a regular basis useful would be of interest to those who are mission been an effective advocate for the performance data on products and services in concerned about what they can do di­ public in policing the airwaves? non-technical language. Many agencies of rectly to help control the problem: government that now test consumer products Has the Department of Commerce moved FACTS AND FIGURES To Am IN THE PREVENTION with dispatch in approving flammablllty refuse to release test results and other valu­ able consumer data. While many federal OP WATER POLLUTION standards for clothing or in administering its (By Yvonne Horton) portion of the Fair Packaging Act? agencies readily make their test results and Are we satisfied with the activities of the scientific studies available to private industry How can intelligent and interested con­ Interior Department and the FDA in protect­ sources, the public which pays for those tests sumers help prevent lakes from turning Into ing the consumer against unwholesome fish iS denied access to their results. Moreover, swamps? ThiS problem isn't limited to North and fish products? the new agency itself would conduct research America. One reader writes: and testing on consumer products. " [Many Canadian] consumers are already Has the Department of Agriculture strived 3. For the first time, the consumer's view­ switching to soap or low-phosphate deter­ to achieve the most effective and far-reach­ point would be vigorously represented before gents and using washing soda or ammonia ing consumer food grading program, as Con­ federal courts and regulatory agencies in as a water softener. gress directed it to do? matters of proceedings affecting substantially "Some of the supermarkets have posted Do the efforts of the Department of Trans­ the interest of consumers. a list of phosphate analyses ln their stores, portation's National Highway Safety Bureau 4. Finally, economic studies would be con­ adding to it the phosphate content of their in the field of autosafety match the grim ducted and the work of the Product Safety own special brands. One chain is already sell­ reality of 52,000 deaths last year on our ing a new brand of their own with a low highways? Commission continued. Until such time as there is a statutorily or no phosphate content. Is it in the long-range best interests of con­ created independent Consumer Protection "It iS expected that legislation will be sumers that solutions to many of their most Agency where inter-related functions will be passed eventually to regulate the phosphate important problems are entrusted to tempo­ performed under one roof, our consumer pro­ content. Pollution Probe at the University of rary commission like the Food Market and grams will continue to be mismanaged and Toronto is very active." (Mrs. B. R.. Don Product Safety Commission, whose recom­ will have failed to serve the purposes that Mills, Ontario) mendations are largely ignored because of Congress intended. It is our responsib111ty to Pollution Probe iS a nonprofit citizens the absence of an institutional framework the cause of efficient government and our group of about 1,300 students, professors, for continuing action? special obligation to America's 200 million and interested citizens organized at the Uni­ Have the General Services Administration, consumers, to provide the institutional versity of Toronto with headquarters in the the National Bureau of Standards and other mechanism which will assure equity and jus­ zoology department. Formed about a year federal product testing agencies, moved to tice in the marketplace. ago, Pollution Probe has six fulltime staff maxim1ze the benefits of their tests by re­ members, who also are on the staff of the leasing valuable product information to con­ university. sumers? Members of Pollution Probe soon may be Certainly, the report of the American Bar EXPANDED SOVIET INVOLVEMENT called the Nader's Raiders of the detergent Association on the Federal Trade Commis­ IN MIDDLE EAST CONFLICT industry. They feel that the greatest threat sion and the reports of the Center for the to natural lakes today comes from too rapid Study of Responsive Law on the Interstate eutrophication. They write: Commerce Commission and the Food and HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM "Vast quantities of nutrients, especially Drug AdminiStration, suggest that the rec­ phosphates, are being dumped into our lakes ords of even the major consumer protection OF NEW YORK by man's activities. The phosphates gener­ agencies of government are highly in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ally stimulate massive growth of algae and adequate. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 waterweeds.... In short, a beautiful clean WHO IS REPRESENTED lake becomes choked with plant life and Moreover, how can the consumer interest Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker. I am approaches its eventual 'death' as a swamp. be protected in agencies having competing deeply disturbed by what appears to be a "Fortunately, if we reduce the nutrient and diverse interests to protect? reckless escalation by the Soviet Union in load, the lake is able to recover to a large Can the Consumer and Marketing Service extent. . . . The banning of phosphate de­ of the Department of Agriculture faithfully the Middle East and I have today sent the Secretary of State the following tele­ tergents is an initial, essential, and even represent, at the same time, the desire of crucial step to save the lower Great consumers to get the most for their money gram: Lakes. . . . The problem, though, is not con­ and the desire of farmers to get the most for I hope that you will promptly make strong fined to Ontario; it is occurring right across their product? Can the Department of Com- representations to the Soviet Union in re- the country." 13522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970

Pollution Probe recommends: LAUNDRY SOAPS CHERISH AMERICA Citizens demand government bans on (By Barbara Moran) phosphate detergents before 1972. Product Percent Manufacturer America! Consumer cutback in the use of high­ You have a land. phosphate detergents. Instant Fels ______Your land to care for Such action will immediately reduce the lux ______9. 0 Purex Corp. 1. 0 Lever Bros. Your land to fight for phosphate input to lakes. Public demand for Maple Leaf Soap Flakes ____ _ Ivory Snow ______(1) Canada Packers. Your land to weep for nonpolluting products also will intensify (1) Procter & Gamble. Under these stars do you grow. manufacturers• research into finding safe Under this sky do you fly your :flag. phosphate replacements. One such reason­ LIGHT-DUTY COMPOUNDS (LAUNDRY AND OTHER USES) Out of this dust do you pull your mighty able alternat ive appears to be NTA (nitrilo­ towers. triacetate) • which has replaced a large Onto these mountain peaks do you stand amount of the phosphate in certain laundry Dreft ______------34. 0 Procter & Gamble. Zero _____ ------searching into space. products now sold in Sweden. Explore Liquid ______7. 5 ~~£~~ ~~~~~~0. Land of the courageous dead and patriots Pollution Probe warns that the term "bio­ Bestline Liquid Co ncentrate __ Bestline Prod. Inc. Nutri-Ciean OLC ______~:~ yet unborn degradable" on a. detergent box has nothing (IS Can-Stan Industries. Land of blossoms and wind across the prairie to do with phosphate content. All detergents Land of East meeting West and laughing are biodegradable. The group tells consum­ 1 Less than 1 percent together ers, "If someone tries to sell you a. 'nonpol­ Cherish your winding roads _ luting• detergent, demand the truth about LIQUID DISH DETERGENTS And forests deep with pine phosphate content before buying." All liquid dish detergents tested were less Your seas that crash upon your rocky shores Pollution Probers regard every consumer than 1 percent phosphate. And deserts blowing dry with sunshine purchase of a. laundry soap or detergent The shadows of the brave still upon the sand product as an opportunity for constructive MISCELLANEOUS You have a land. action to reduce surplus phosphorus in lakes Cherish America and other natural waterways. "In switching to a. laundry soap, it might Product Percent Manufacturer be necessary for the consumer to use a wash­ ing soda at the same time. Calgon (water conditioner) __ _ 75. 5 Calgon. Amway Water Softener------73. 5 Amway Corp. SPEEDY TRIAL IS IMPORTANT "Also we suggest checking with the manu­ Solvease __ __------__ _ 23. 0 Russel Chemical Co. facturer of automatic washing machines in Snowy Bleach ______22. 5 Harold Schafer Ltd. order to determine how to :flush out soap Spic and Span ______21. 0 Procter & Gamble. Mr. Clean .-- --·------6. 5 Do. HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN residues." Ajax All-Purpose ______6, 5 Colgate Palmolive. Oli' WEST VmGINIA (The amount of soap residue will vary in Arm and Hammer Sal Soda __ (1) Church & Dwight. different localities according to water hard­ Fleecy __ __------(1) Bristol Myers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ness. Boston area water, for example, has Javex Bleach ______(1) Do. only about one grain of hardness. In such Whistle ______------__ Wednesday, April 29, 1970 Jet Spray ___ ------~:~ Econ~~ics Labs. an area, all homemakers could use heavy­ LestoiL ______------__ (1) Noxema. Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, the duty soap for laundry if they wish and insist Downy __ ------__ (1~ Procter & Gamble. crime rate spirals upward and when we that supermarkets stock it.) Dutch Bleach ______(1 Purex Corp. Lawsons Borax ______(1 Bristol Myers. sit back and wonder why, the over­ In places where water hardness makes the Pinesol______use of soap impossible, Pollution Probe urges (1) Cyanamid. burdening of our court systems should consumers to choose detergents with low­ be very definitely considered as a good phosphate contents. 1 Less than 1 percent. place to begin the fight against crime. Many soaps, detergents, and cleaning As the following editorial in the Wheel­ agents now in the market were analyzed for Important: "The estimated error on the ing (W.Va.) News-Register so aptly and ~ollution Probe in a. University of Toronto above figures is plus or minus 10 percent of the figure shown (95 percent confidence succinctly points out, the situation is laboratory. Such phosphorous compounds worsening, not improving. ) limits). This means that if, for example, the were converted to orthophosphate (P04 by chemical digestion and the concentration of figure is 40 percent, we feel that the actual Suspected criminals must either lan­ orthophosphate measured in a spectro­ value could lie anywhere between 36 per­ guish in jails for months or years while photometer. Results inform consumers of the cent and 44 percent," Pollution Probe com­ a•vaiting a place on the court docket, or phosphate content by weight of various ments further. they are given premature bond release, cleaning products as follows: "We were not able to analyze every product only to be picked up again for another on the market. Such things as hand and face crime. Either is a tragic miscaniage of PHOSPHATE ANALYSEs-PERCENT OF PHOSPHATE (M EAS· soaps, shampoos, bubble bath, etc., will con­ URED AS P04) tain very little phosphate. Industrial and our judicial system. AUTOMATIC DISHWASHER COMPOUNDS cafeteria detergents probably are high in Before we blame the Supreme Court for phosphates but a ban would look after these its decisions we should look at our local Product Percent Manufacturer products." court systems, not for blame but with a All ______---- __ _ 45. 0 lever Bros. determination to find a solution out of Finish ______43. 0 Economics labs. the cwTent unlivable situation. Calgonite •• ___ ------______42. 0 Calgon. Cascade_ ------______36. 5 Procter & Gamble. CHERISH AMERICA The article follows: Amway Automatic Dish- 34. 0 Amway Corp. (From the Wheeling (W.Va.) News-Register, washer Compound. Swish.------______29. 0 Curley Corp. Apr. 14, 1970] HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI WAR ON CRIME-8PEEDY TRIAL Is IMPORTANT HEAVY-DUTY LAUNDRY DETERGENTS OF ILLINOIS No war on crime in this country ever is Amway Trizyme ______52. 5 Amway Corp. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES going to be truly successful until something Bio-Ad •• ------__ ___ 49.0 Colgate Palmolive. PerL ______is done about court reform. Cheer ______47.0 Sep-Ko Chemicals. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 44.5 Procter & Gamble. The criminal courts are so jammed that 44. 5 Do. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, with some defendants have languished in jail for 43. 5 Do. as long as two years awaiting trial. Other ¥rJ:~i<:Drive ___ _::======__ _------= 41.5 lever Bros. the overexposure that critics of our Na­ All ______---- __ ------__ • criminals charged with serious crimes walk 39. 0 Do. tion receive, it is necessary to reempha­ the streets for months out on bond until they ABC. __------37.5 Colgate Palmolive. size that a vast majority of Americans Sunlight. . __ ------37.0 Lever Bros. are nabbed again for another criminal offense. Amway SA8 ______36. 5 Amway Corp. still properly respect and appreciate the A House Select Committee on Crime re­ Fa b. _------36.5 Colgate Palmolive. greatness of our land. cently completed eight months of hearings Arctic Power ______36.5 Do. Ajax 2------36.0 Do. A constituent of mine, Mrs. Barbara and testimony by 40 witnesses and in sum­ 0mo. __---- ______------35. 0 Lever Bros. Moran of Oak Lawn, m., who served as a mary this is what Chairman Rep. Claude DuzBold • __• ______------______------___ _ 35.0 Procter & Gamble. secretary to our late colleague, Edward Pepper had to say: 32.5 Do. "In many cities, police forces, which de­ Surf______------_ 32.5 Lever Bros. A. Kelly, is a poet of considerable stat­ Breeze ______------______32.0 Do. servedly have been upgraded, are arresting Amaze ____ ------27.0 Do. ure in the Chicago metropolitan area. I more people than ever before--more than Bestline B-7 ------27.0 Bestline Pro. Inc. am pleased to insert her latest poem the rest of the system, the courts and cor­ Explore __ __------______26.0 Witco Chem. Co. Maleo Laundry Detergent_ ___ 25.0 Maleo Prod. Inc. which I believe properly reflects the rections can handle. Justice that once de­ Wisk _____ ------10. 5 lever Bros. thinking of most Americans throughout terred crime with its swiftness and sureness Tend Maskintviitt (Swedish). 8.0 AB Helios. this great land of ours: has become lumbering and uncertaln.N April_29, 1-970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13523 Dean A. Kenneth Pye of the Duke Univer­ Savannah Aldermen Joe Myatt and many. She was seized in Seattle, Washington, sity School of Law has explained that the last Ed Perkins, former Savannah Mayor when we entered World War I. She was re­ thing in the world the criminal wants is a named Savannah when commissioned in the and Mrs. Lee Mingledorff, Navy Capt. U.S. Navy. She served the defense of our prompt and speedy trial. The criminal fig­ Thomas Suddath, retired, director of the ures time is on his side and he is very pleased country as a Submarine Tender for more to wait until prosecution witnesses move Ocean Science Center of the Atlantic, than ten years during and after World War I. representing Gov. Lester Maddox, and The next naval ship Savannah was a Light away, get sick, die or forget the details of Cruiser built in Camden, New Jersey. This what they saw or experienced. Mr and Mrs. Remer Lane, of Savannah, aloi:J.g with other distinguished citizens Savannah I was personally and intimately Florida state attorney, Richard E. Gerstein, acquainted with. Sbe was commissioned in former president of the National District At­ were present with Mrs. Hagan and me 1938 and my first duty as a naval aviator torneys Association, testified that he had seen at this christening. was in her aviation unit. I lived with her first-hand how serious criminal cases-­ Vice Adm. R. L. Shifiey, U.S. Navy, through three years preceding World War II. felonies, burglary and robbery-are tried in spoke on this auspicious occasion and ~t The tense situations of those days brought big city and criminal courts throughout the is earnestly believed his remarks ment many interesting assignments in both the country with little or no pre-trial prepara­ your attention. They are as follows: Atlantic and Pacific. After my detachment tion by the prosecution. she performed escort duty for shipping in He said, "They are just tried 'from the REMARKS BY VICE ADM. R. L. SHIFLEY, the Atlantic. When we entered the war she hip' With the prosecutor picking up the file. U.S. NAVY was in the vanguard of major operations in He calls out the names of the Witnesses and Thank you, Mr. Bergeson, Congressman North Africa, Sicily and Salerno. Although he attempts by rote, by prior experience in Hagan, distinguished guests, ladies and gen­ badly damaged during the amphibious land­ these areas, to try the case. This is no war, tlemen: ings at Salerno, her welli-trained crew for serious crimes to be handled in America. It is indeed an honor for me to be here brought her safely to port where she was "Plea bargaining" is another device used today and participate in marking this im­ repaired and her full fighting capability re­ by attorneys in cooperation With prosecu­ portant milestone in the early life of this stored. She was a noble ship and fought well tors and judges to get defendants off With fine ship. I am sure she will live up to the in defense of our country. light punishment. District of Columbia Po­ very famous name that has been borne by The next Savannah, a merchant ship is a llee Chief Jerry Wilson noted that many car so many other United States ships. monument to our scientific and industrial thieves, burglars, muggers and purse snatch­ Ships named Savannah have served our talents. She is the Nuclear Ship Savannah­ ers are allowed to plead guilty to such re­ nation well. They have marked the progress the first merchant ship to be powered by duced charges as petty larceny and simple and growth of our nation as a maritime atomic energy. Built as a prototype, she assault. In this way, he explained, "a great power. Some have been naval ships that have proves that atomic power is safe to live with number of fairly serious criminals get off performed nobly in our struggle to gain and in a merchant ship environment. Although with little or no punishment." maintain our liberty and way of life from not a complete commercial success, she, like This type of situation is not confined to the very earliest days of our country. Others her namesake of a century and a half earlier, the large metropolitan cities. We see ex­ have been merchant ships noted for their has proved a concept and has gone down in amples of it in all towns and cities, regard­ contributions in the field of naval architec­ history as the first of her kind. Only time less of size. In our own state and county citi­ ture and naval engineering. All have bOrne Will tell the effect this will have on the mer­ zens often wonder how it is that known crim­ their names proudly and with distinction. chant fleets of the future. There are many inals caught breaking the law continue to be The first Savannah served the country as who believe the eventual results will be just free for months and months on end until a coastal defense galley. She was authorized as revolutionary as the shift from sail to suddenly they are back in the news because by an act of Congress on May 4th, 1773; steam. they have been arrested in connection with was built and fitted out at Savannah, Geor­ still another crime. We also have seen numer­ From these brief histories we see that the gia; and was armed With one 24-pound gun name Savannah has transcended from sail ous instances where criminals are allowed to and small brass hoWitzers. She was not a plead to a lesser charge once they do get to steam and nuclear power, served in the mighty ship but was among those that defense of our nation, contributed to our their day in court. marked the beginning of our Navy. She pro­ economic welfare and marked our scientific Congressman James H. Scheuer of New vided us With defensive seapower during this York, a member of the House Select Commit­ progress. They all have been great ships. tee on Crime, says, "There is nothing more country's early struggles. She was stricken From the time that man discovered that discouraging to a police professional than to from the Navy list in 1802. he could travel over the water, it has been have risked his life in bringing in a suspect, The second Savannah was a merchant ship recognized that the ability to use the sea particularly in the case of a violent crime, and an outstanding credit to our "Yankee increased the strength of a country. and then learn that we have to force the de­ Ingenuity". She contributed greatly to the Countries before ours gained world re­ fendant to plead guilty to a lesser offense revolutionary shift from sail to steam pro­ nown and a place in history by the use of than what the pollee officer charged him with pulsion. She was the first steamship to cross sea power. From the birth of this nation because society has not provided the judges, the Atlantic Ocean. She was originally de­ we recognized the value and need for sea­ the juries, the prosecutors, the court clerks, signed as a sailing ship to run as a packet power. From the earliest days of our coun­ the secretaries and the detention facilities to to France. Before completion was fitted With try freedom of the seas has been one of the try people, particularly young people." a steam engine and paddle wheels. After a cornerstones of our national policy. The juvenile situation has been trouble­ trial run and some coastal cruises, includ­ Many times this freedom of the seas has some here for some time. With a lack of prop­ ing one with President James Monroe em­ been threatened. er detention facl11ties for young lawbreakers bark~, she sailed from Savannah, Georgia, Today With our world-wide base structure the courts often are placed in a bind. on 22 May 1819. Twenty-nine days and eleven continually shrinking, freedom to use the We are beginning to learn that any war on hours later she reached Liverpool, England. seas takes on added significance. In 1953 we crime requires more than a strengthening of This feat excited and astonished the world. had the rights to use more than 550 major police forces. Other parts of the system, the It was recognized as a triumph of American overseas bases. The number has now de­ courts and corrections institutions, also must enterprise and skill. Despite her success and creased to fewer than 180. Our commitments be improved and expanded if the criminal the glory that she brought the American to others and the need to protect our own defendant is going to receive not only a pub­ merchant marine, she failed as a profitable interests have not been reduced in propor­ lic trial but a speedy one as required by the cargo carrier. Too much of her cargo space tion. At this very same time we are seeing Sixth Amendment. Long delays in bringing was taken up by machinery and fuel. She an unprecedented build-up in the strength the accused to trial benefits no one but the had, however, proved a concept which was of the Soviet Navy. Prior to the end of criminal. to revolutionize ocean-going vessels and have World War II the Soviet Navy's mission was a profound effect upon the relations between primarily one of coastal defense. Very little the peoples of the world. was heard of the Soviet Navy during that The second naval ship Savannah was a war. The USSR was thought of as predomi­ THE U.S.S. "SAVANNAH" wooden sailing frigate built in the New York nantly a land power with large armies. Navy Yard. She had a length between perpen­ In the past several years this image has diculars of 175 feet and a tonnage of 1,726. changed dramatically. Today by any measure HON. G. ELLIOTT HAGAN Her speed was 13 knots and she was designed they are the second largest seapower in the OF GEORGIA for a complement of 467 officers and men. world. Striking changes have been made in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES She had a long, colorful life and saw a lot both their construction of new ships and of naval service. Also, she may very well the concept of their operations. Wednesday, April 29, 1970 hold a record for how long she remained on By a dedicated building program and a Mr. HAGAN. Mr. Speaker, the city of the building ways! Her construction began in vast outlay of funds they have constructed 1820 and she was not launched until 22 years a large modern Navy. They are the first Savannah, Chatham County, and, in later. It was reported that a breathless silence country to mass produce submarines at a fact, the entire First District of Georgia, occurred when the stupendous structure wartime tempo when not engaged in a war. which I am proud and honored to repre­ wa-s about to move into the water. Her splash They have a force of about 350 submarines. sent, was singularly honored on April 23 wet the feet o! some 2,500 people. Many of them are nuclear powered. when the U.S.S. Savannah-AOR-4- The third naval ship Savannah was the Their crusiers and destroyers are modern was christened at Quincy, Mass. - foreign made liner SS Saxonia built in Ger- and equipped With the newest weapons and 13524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 electronic systems. The composition of the Some 17,000 companies worked to supply the of the League of Nations in 1922, and Soviet Navy, the quality of their equipment component parts. Many companies worked to so it remained until the end of the last and the manner in which they are deploying build command modules, landing modules, their forces all point up the seriousness of launching rockets and control radars. The war. their regard for a prominent position on the companies and people involved are members In 1946 both the French and British seas. of this same military-industrial complex. spheres were placed under the trustee­ Only a few short years ago a Soviet ship Their precision teamwork and cooperation is ship of the United Nations. Thenceforth was rarely seen in the Mediterranean. Today unmatched ln the world today. It appears for more than a decade the people peti­ they operate large task forces regularly in that the relationship and its efforts might tioned the U.N. for autonomy and inde­ that area. Frequently they visit ports in more appropriately be considered as a mili­ pendence. In the elections held in April many parts of Africa and around the Indian tary-industrial miracle. 1958, the National Unity Party took con­ Ocean. Soviet units are continually main­ We are assembled here today to honor taining surveillance over and operating near still another achievement of the coop­ trol of the national assembly and pledged our Navy units. erative efforts of industry and defense-the for complete national independence. Fi­ Further, the Soviet advances in seapower Savannah. She incorporates many techno­ nally this goal was attained in April of are not limited to naval power. Their mer­ logical advances developed by this same 1960. chant marine, oceanographic and fishing miracle team. Since then the Republic of Togo has fleets are modern, highly effective units that To the patriotic and dedicated men and enjoyed full sovereignty. It has become operate world wide. women of General Dynamics here in Quincy, a member of the United Nations, thus This Soviet move for more seapower has I want to say congratulations. I know that having its place in the family of sover­ a propaganda potential equal to that they in building Savannah, you built her well have enjoyed during the space race. Ships and with pride; that while building her you eign states. The internal political scene deployed around the world, flying the red were fully aware that, in your hands, you has been subject to some changes, and :flag, serve both a strategic and political held the future successes of the ship and the economy of the country is based on !unction. the welfare of the men who will sail her. small-scale subsistence farming. Togo is This clearly points up our need for strong. You can be proud of the contribution you reported to have the world's largest re­ very mobile naval forces which can operate have made to peace in the world and to the serves of phosphate. It is already being far from our shores. Their mobillty must be security and well-being of the people in the mined and exported, accounting for a United States. assured by their being supplied at sea, from large percentage of the country's export replenishment ships such as Savannah here, Some years ago Miss Frances Norman, after 1n some instances, coming direct from our a suitable invitation and due deliberation, trade. own United States ports. accepted a sponsorship role when she agreed The people of Togo are doing their This need to expand the mobillty of our to marry me, a young junior grade lieuten­ utmost to become self-sustaining, and for Navy forces and support them anywhere ant in the United States Navy. Possibly an the present they are enjoying their requires more effective support ships. This is abillty to better foresee coming events and richly deserved national independence. the role that will be undertaken by the a better knowledge o! the hardships and On the lOth anniversary of their inde­ newest Savannah. She is designed to pro­ uncertainties associated with life in the mil­ pendence day I salute the people of the vide ships of the :fleet with a "one-stop" re­ itary might have influenced her to make plenishment. Older type replenishment another decision. However, having accepted Republic of Togo. ships carry only one type of cargo. A tanker the invitation she took immediate, strong carries fuel; one cargo ship carries supplies; and continuing action to insure that she another carries food; and another carries not fail in her role uf sponsor. For this I ammunition. With this newest Savannah, am always grateful. This morning my wife WOMEN'S RIGHTS RECOMMENDA­ :fleet operating units can be resupplied by will start USS Savannah on her career. She TIONS olliy one delivery ship instead of three or is a lucky ship to have such a loyal and more. This creates many economies in effort, devoted sponsor. Under her watchful eye it time and ships. It adds further to the mo­ is foreordained that Savannah will always HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI bility of our naval forces. When outfitted, meet every challenge to the best of her abil­ OF ILLINOIS Savannah will have the most advanced ity. We shall follow her career with pride IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES equipments for transferring fuel and sup­ and confidence. Our hearts will always be plies. Included will be a landing and launch­ with this fine ship and her crew wherever Wednesday, April 29, 1970 ing area for cargo helicopters--able to trans­ they may be. We wish them always good luck Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in an fer supplies while the ships are miles apart. and Godspeed. article which appeared recently in the To compete with this surging strength of Soviet Seapower we must continue to ex­ Washington Post, the very talented p!oit the technological know-how of this na­ writer, Miss Elizabeth Shelton, discussed the urgent matter of women's rights. tion. The military establishment and the INDEPENDENCE DAY OF THE industrial establishment must continue to It is indeed a travesty of justice that work together to build the most capable REPUBLIC OF TOGO as we approach the 200th anniversary ships possible--such as the one we see here of the birth of this Nation, women are today. still treated as second-class citizens. During the past several months there have HON. ADAM C. POWELL OF NEW YORK It is a mockery and unconscionable to been numerous public references to the state that we have equality under the so-called military-industrial complex. Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trary to some statements, this is not some law when we find that women are dis­ malignant thing that is operating counter Wednesday, April 29, 1970 criminated against in all phases of our to the best interests of the nation. It is a large Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, 10 years society. segment of patriotic people in this country ago, on April 27, 1960, the Republic of To right this glaring wrong, last year I dedicated to our democratic way of life. Togo attained national independence. On introduced legislation which would per­ We have a ~arge milltary establishment this memorable occasion, I would like to mit a constitutional amendment to pro­ in this country today. It consists of about vide equal rights for women in America. two million men, a large inventory of ships, extend congratulations to His Excellency, aircraft, missiles and other hardware. It is Brig. Gen. Etienne Eyadema, President I call upon my colleagues in the House backed up and supported by the industrial of the Republic of Togo; and His Excel­ and Senate to pass this legislation as technology and production capability of lency Dr. Alexandre J. Ohin, Ambassador soon as possible before the sensible voices this country. Many of you people here to­ of the Republic of Togo to the United in the women's liberation movement are day can proudly count yourselves among the drowned out by the radical elements members of this military-industrial com­ States. These people had lived in the strip of among us. plex. Lest we forget, it was because of a land between today's Ghana and Da­ The necessary teamwork between the in­ woman, Queen Isabella of Spain who dustrial managers and the Department of homey on the west coast of Africa for gave her confidence and patronage to Defense has long been one of the prin­ centuries. At about the middle of the Colwnbus, that America was discovered. cipal contributors to this country's tech­ last century French and German traders Mr. Speaker, the excellent article by nological growth and progress. established themselves there, and then Miss Shelton follows: One of our greatest monuments to the came the British. The three newcomers military-industrial relationship is the Apollo shared the country amongst them. At [From the Washington Post, Apr. 23, 1970] space program a.nd man's first moon landing. WOMEN'S RIGHTS RECOMMENDATIONS This event staggers the imagination. Much the end of the First World War Germany of the scientific knowledge and technology lost its share, and it was divided between (By Elizabeth Shelton) which made this program possible came the French and the British. Then the Establishment of a White House omce on from this same military industrial complex. country was placed under the mandate women's rights, under a woman director, 1s April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13525 the primary recommendation of a task force able to all pre-school children, and after­ gents and using washing soda or ammonia report prepared in secrecy for the President school activities for school-age children at as a water softener. and kept under wraps for 'four months. all economic levels who need them. It also "Some of the supermarkets have posted The report of the Presidential Ta~k Force proposes income tax deductions as a "busi­ a list of phosphate analyses in their stores, on Women's Rights and Responsibilities also ness expense" for care of children. adding to it the phosphate content of their calls for a White House conference this year Stating that "sex bl~s takes a greater eco­ own special brands. One chain is already on women's rights and responsibilities. "Cou­ nomic toll than racial bias," the report asks selling a new brand of their own with a low pled with corrective legislation, it would be the President to be as seriously concerned or no phosphate content. a det errent to the radical liberation move­ with sex discrimination as with racial dis­ "It is expected that legislation will be ments preaching revolution," the report crimination. passed eventually to regulate the phosphate states. It cites unrest among welfare mothers and content. Pollution Probe at the University Not yet released officially, the report the radical women's groups mushrooming on of Toronto is very active." (Mrs. B. R., Don equat ed the struggle for equality for women college campuses. Among the suggested Mills, Ontario) with the still raging battle by black Amer­ remedies were implementation of the 1968 Pollution Probe is a nonprofit citizens icans for social justice. Executive order forbidding sex discrimina­ group of about 1,300 students, professors, For several months, the White House has tion by federal contractors and expansion of and interested citizens organized at the Uni­ been promising that the report would be re­ manpower training programs in household versity of Toronto with headquarters in the leased "soon." Members of the task force, employment. zoology department. Formed about a year which includes both men and women, have The task force recommended predictably ago, Pollution Probe has six full-time staff in the interim said they were "honor-bound" that the President appoint more women to members, who also are on the staff of the not to reveal its contents. top positions of responsibility throughout university. Elly Peterson, assistant chairman of the government. Members of Pollution Probe soon may be Republican National Committee, said yester­ This has been a sore point with women's called the Nader's Raiders of the detergent day she was advised by the office of Dr. organizations which have been collecting industry. They feel that the greatest threat Oharles Clapp at the White House that the a "talent bank" of potential applicants for to natural lakes today comes from too rapid report is now at the Government Printing high office. They had hoped for the appoint­ eutrophication. They write: Office and that "it definitely will be released ment of a woman to the Cabinet or Supreme "Vast quantities of nutrients, especially soon." Court. phosphates, are being dumped into our lakes The cover letter to the President, signed The task force also asked federal funding by man's activities. The phosphates gen­ by Chairman Virginia R. Allan, Wyandotte, for the states' Status of Women Commis­ erally stimulate massive growth of algae Mich., drug chain executive, stressed both sions, some of which operate without money and waterweeds ... In short, a beautiful the "danger of accelerating militancy" and even for postage. clean lake becomes choked with plant life "the kind of deadening apathy that stllls Problems the task force recommended for and approaches its eventual 'death' as a progress and inhibits creativity." early consideration by the proposed Director swamp. The conference call was timed to coincide of the Office of Women's Rights and Respon­ ••Fortunately, if we reduce the nutrient with the 50th anniversary of women's suf­ sibilities included abortion laws, methods of load, the lake is able to recover to a large frage and the 50th birthday of the Women's changing attitudes on sex roles, maternity extent. • . . The banning of phosphate de­ Bureau of the U.S. Department of Labor. leave and unemployment insurance. tergents is an initial, essential, and even President Nixon has disappointed women's One of Its suggestions for implementation crucial step to save the lower Great Lakes. organizations, conservative and liberal, by would require the government to collect, • . . The problem, though, is not confined not sending a women's rights message to tabulate and publish all economic and social to Ontario; it is occurring right across the Congress. The report of the task force asks data by sex as well as race. country." him to send such a message, citing in it Pollution Probe recommends: "widespread discriminations" against women, Citizens demand government bans on proposing remedial legislation, asserting fed­ phosphate detergents before 1972. eral leadership, recommending implementa­ IF YOU WANT TO HELP FIGHT Consumer cutback in the use of high­ tion by the states and calling on the private POLLUTION, READ THIS phosphate detergents. sector to follow suit. Such action will immediately reduce the Support of the proposed Equal Rights phosphate input to lakes. Public demand for Amendment to the Constitution, which has nonpolluting products also will intensify been before every Congress since 1923, led HON. CRAIG HOSMER manufacturers' research into finding safe the legislation listed as required to give OF CALIFORNIA phosphate replacements. One such reason­ able alternative appears to be NTA (nitrilo­ women full legal equality. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This would impose obligatory military serv­ triacetate) , which has replaced a large ice on women but "not . • • in functions for Wednesday, April 29, 1970 amount to the phosphate in certain laundry products now sold in Sweden. which they are not fitted." It would permit Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, as we all women to be bartenders and men to be recip­ Pollution Probe warns that the term "bio­ ients of alimony. More importantly, it would know, public interest in the problem of degradable" on a detergent box has nothing remove discrimination against women in environmental pollution is at a high lev­ to do with phosphate content. All detergents marriage and property laws, state labor laws el. In the past few weeks, millions and are biodegradable. The group tells consum­ which, under the guise of "protection," bar millions of words have been spoken and ers, "If someone tries to sell you a 'nonpol­ women from earning equal pay, jury duty written about pollution in America. We luting' detergent, demand the truth about laws and prison sentences. have heard and read much about the phosphate content before buying." In some states, women are required to Pollution Probers regard every consumer background of our pollution problem, its purchase of a laundry soap or detergent serve longer terms for the same kinds of present intensity, the dangers it will in­ crimes, under the belief that it takes longer product as an opportunity for constructive to rehabilitate a woman prisoner. evitably pose, and the steps Government action to reduce surplus phosphorus in lakes Among amendments proposed. to existing and industry w1ll have to take to deal and other natural waterways. laws are ones which would: with the problem. "In switching to a laundry soap, it might Give enforcement powers to the Equal However, Mr. Speaker, we seldom hear be necessary for the consumer to use a Employment Opportunity Commission to about the things that everyday citizens washing soda at the same time. remove from women the burden of going into and taxpayers in Freedom, Maine, or "Also we suggest checking with the manu­ court to prove discrimination in hiring, fir­ Peoria, m., or Long Beach, Calif., can facturer of automatic washing machines in ing, leave and pension practices. order to determine how to flush out soap Authorize the attorney general to assist do to help restore and protect our nat­ residues." girls and women to equal access to educa­ ural heritage. With this 1n mind, I am (The amount of soap residue will vary in tion. This also calls for a survey by the Office especially pleased to call the attention different localities according to water hard­ of Education of the extent of discrimination of my colleagues to an article which ap­ ness. Boston area water, for example, has in education because of sex. A new women's peared 1n the Christian Science Monitor only about one grain of hardness. In such unit would be established in the Office of on April 28 concerning what all of us can an area, all homemakers could use heavy­ Education to lead efforts to end discrimina­ do about pollution: duty soap for laundry if they wish and in­ tion. sist that supermarkets stock it.) FACTS AND FIGURES TO Am IN THE PREVENTION Provide Social Security benefits to the hus­ In places where water hardness makes the bands and widowers of disabled and deceased OF WATER POLLUTION use of soap impossible, Pollution Probe urges women workers. In recognition of "a new (By Yvonne Horton) consumers to choose detergents with low­ pattern of family economic interdepend­ How can intelligent and interested con­ phosphate contents. ence," this proposal also would provide better sumers help prevent lakes from turning into Many soaps, detergents, and cleaning retirement benefits for families in which swamps? This problem isn't limited to North agents now 1n the market were analyzed tor the wife, as well as the husband, works. America. One reader writes: Pollution Probe in a University of Toronto The report strongly calls for a national "[Many Canadian) consumers are already laboratory. Such phosphorous compounds system of well-run child care centers, avail- switching to soap or low-phosphate deter- were converted to orthophosphate (P04 ) by 13526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 chemical digestion and the concentration of the figure shown (95 percent confidence lim­ Fletcher Corp., it was a spontaneous tribute orthophosphate measured in a spectropho­ its}. This means that if, for example, the to a distinguished Indianapolis leader. tometer. Results inform consumers of the figure is 40 percent, we feel that the actual McKinney will be 66 June 16, and his an­ phosphate content by weight of various value could lie anywhere between 36 percent nouncement is in keeping with the bank's cleaning products as follows: and 44 percent," Pollution Probe comments retirement policy. It iS another milestone :further. in a career that rivals any of Horatio Alger's PHOSPHATE ANALYSES-PERCENT OF PHOSPHATE (MEAS­ "We were not able to analyze every prod­ fictional heroes and one that has been of URED AS POe) uct on the market. Such things as hand and inestimable importance to this community AUTOMATIC DISHWASHER COMPOUNDS face soaps, shampoos, bubble bath, etc., will and state. contain very little phosphate. Industrial and That career began when McKinney, the cafeteria detergents probably are high in son of an Indianapolis fireman, dropped out Product Percent Manufacturer phosphates but a ban would look after these of school at age 14. At 31 he was the young­ products." est bank president in the nation. Now he is AIL __ ------45. 0 Lever Bros. stepping down as chairman and executive Finish ______43. 0 Economics Labs. officer of the parent corporation of the Amer­ Calgonite __ ------______42. 0 Calgon. ican Fletcher National Bank & Trust Co., Cascade ______------36. 5 Procter & Gamble. FRANK McKINNEY Amway Automatic Dish- 34. 0 Amway Corp. which he built into the largest bank in the state. Swishwasher ______Compound.______29. 0 Curley Corp. HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY If anyone has won the right to retire from OF INDIANA both business and public activities, it is his HEAVY-DUTY LAUNDRY DETERGENTS Frank McKinney. He has ably served city, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES his state and his nation in many important Wednesday, April 29, 1970 roles. He was national Democratic chairman 52.5 Amway Corp. in 1951 and 1952 and iS a close friend of 49.0 Colgate Palmolive. Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, one of the ~!"f:J_~~i~~~======47.0 Sep-Ko Chemicals. former President Harry S. Truman. Peri ___ ------most distinguished and outstanding citi­ He was an Army colonel from 1942 to 1945, Cheer------Oxydol ______44.5 Procter & Gamble. 44.5 Do. zens of Indianapolis recently announced has been president of the Indiana University Tide XK ______43.5 Do. Board of Trustees and is now a director of Drive ______------_ 41.5 lever Bros. his retirement as chairman and chief AIL ______----- 39.0 Do. executive officer of the American the I.U. Foundation. He has given Willingly ABC ___ ------37.5 Colgate Palmolive. Fletcher Corp., after a career of 50 years of his time and abllity to the Greater Indi­ Sunlight______------37.0 Lever Bros. anapolis Progress Committee. Civic leaders Amway SAS •• ------36.5 Amway Corp. in banking. and pub:ic officials continue to seek his ad­ Fab ______------36.5 Colgate Palmolive. The following two editorials-''Mc­ vice and help. Arctic Power------­ 36.5 Do. Ajax 2------36.0 Do. Kinney . . . Prime Mover" from the Perhaps his retirement will give him the 0mo. ____ ------35.0 Lever Bros. Indianapolis Star of April 24, 1970, and opportunity for a more leisurely enjoyment Duz ______------_ 35.0 Procter & Gamble. "A Career Milestone" from the Indian­ of life. But all who know him feel certain Bold __ ------____ _ 32.5 Do. that Frank McKinney will continue his in­ Surf------32.5 Lever Bros. apolis News of April 24, 1970, describe Breeze _____ ------______32.0 Do. Frank McKinney's career and service to terest in the affairs of the city and state. Amaze. ____ ------27.0 Do. And for that we are grateful. Bestline 8-7------27.0 Brestline Pro. Inc. his city and State and country: Explore ______------26.0 Witco Chem. Co. MCKINNEY ••• PRIME MOVER Maleo Laundry Detergent_ __ _ 25.0 Maleo Prod. Inc. Wisk_ ------10.5 Lever Bros. The virile, viable place that our town is to­ Tend Maskintvatt (Swedish). 8.0 AB Helios. day owes much of its momentum to Frank SCIENCE UNDERTAKES E. McKinney who put his shoulder to the CENSURESHIP ROLE building of a lot of it and breathed his own LAUNDRY SOAPS Irish luck-mostly McKinney-made, too­ into the results. HON. JOHN R. RARICK Instant Fels ______9. 0 Purex Corp. A good share of the new life downtown lux ______------__ ---- __ _ 1. 0 lever Bros. and of the university campus growing to OF LOUISIANA Maple Leaf Soap Flakes ____ _ (1) Canada Packers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ivory Snow ______( 1) Procter & Gamble. the west, Talbot Village, hospitals, revitalized neighborhoods, the move for a civic center, Wednesday, April 29, 1970 business, industry, finance, politics, sports, LIGHT-DUTY COMPOUNDS (LAUNDRY AND OTHER USES) higher education, academic freedom and an Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the news insistent demand that Indianapolis move that a member of the National Academy Dreft ______---- __ _ 34. 0 Procter & Gamble. ahead-all reflect the loyalty, brains, en­ of Sciences sought unsuccessfully to cen­ Zero ______------7. 5 Boyle Midway. thusiasm, optimlsm and hard work of the sure Dr. William Shockley, Nobel Prize Explore Liquid ______(1) Witco Chem. Co. Horatio Alger-hero-come-true who began Bestline Liquid Concentrate __ (t) Bestline Prod. Inc. winner, is evidence of the reactionary Nutri-Ciean OLC ______(1) Con-Stan Industries. fighting his way to the top half a century ago. mental state to which some who would Now, after 50 years in banking, and as his call themselves scientists have retro­ tless than 1 percent. 66th birthday approaches, Frank McKinney gressed. oi' LIQUID DISH DETERGENTS has stepped down as chairman and chief Throughout the annals civilization, executive otncer of American Fletcher Cor­ science has always sought human prog­ All liquid dish detergents tested were less poration. He has transferred his responsibil­ ress by overcoming superstitions, myths, than 1 percent phosphate. ities in this realm to the hands of men he and prejudices. calls "the finest team of executives I have MISCELLANEOUS And, those scientists who were ma­ ever had the pleasure of knowing." ligned the severest, were those who con­ We hope that his new turn will give him Product Percent Manufacturer more time to be a family man, grandfather, tributed the most to civilization, while rancher and all-around good Hoosier just their contemporary antagonists, in at­ Calgon (water conditioner) __ _ 75.5 Calgon. enjoying life, although he is still in the tempting to blindly perpetrate the status Amway Water Softener------73.5 Amway Corp. midst of careers enough for dozens of men. quo, are not even recorded in history. Solvease ______------__ _ 23.0 Russel Chemical Co. But we know he will go on being a prime Anyone familiar with Dr. Shockley's Snowy Bleach ______22.5 Harold Schafer Ltd. Spic and Span ______21.0 Proctor & Gamble. mover. A couple of years ago he said: "We work must recognize that he seeks only Mr. Clean ______6.5 Do. have many problems insofar as a growing the truth and through honesty to im­ Ajax All-Purpose ______6.5 Colgate Palmolive. metropolitan community is concerned, but prove mankind. Arm and Hammer Sal Soda __ (1) Church & Dwight. the most serious and the most important Fleecy ____ ------__ ------(1) Bristol Myers. His present efforts, including the Javex Bleach ______(1) Do. of these problems is the 'people problem,' threatened censure by ignorant, biased, Whistle ___ ------(1) Do. that of our less fortunate fellow men." (1) Economics labs. and self-glorifying individuals must JetLestoiL Spray------______Men like Frank McKinney who believe (1) Noxema. things like that never really retire. It is good satisfy Professor Shockley that he is on Downy ___ ------(1) Proctor & Gamble. Dutch Bleach ______(1) Purex Corp. for the world that they don't. a true course. Otherwise, his work would Lawsons Borax ______(!) be ignored, not worthy of attack. PinesoL ____ ------____ _ (1) ~;~~~~~~ers. A CAREER MILESTONE True scientists acknowledged that in the ultimate of truth, facts do not exist 1 Less than I percent When shareholders gave Frank E. McKin­ ney a standing ovation at the announcement necessarily as many would like them to Important: "The estimated error on the of his coming retirement as chairman and be, but rather as they actually are. above figures 1s plus or minus 10 percent of chief executive otncer of the American - If Professor Shockley, through his April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13527 CAMBODIA planes dropped leafiets in Phnom Penh re­ dedicated and courageous efforts, is able calling a historic massacre in which "thP. to advance the investigation of race Khmers once rose up and killed all Anna­ problems to where they can be impar­ mites on Cambodian territory in one night." tially accepted as genuine scientific ques­ HON. ALLARD K. LOWENSTEIN Hundreds if not thousands of Vietnamese tions, all will owe him a tremendous OF NEW YORK civilians have been rounded up and confined debt of gratitude. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as virtual hostages. At Prasot, close to a hun­ dred of these were gunned down in what I insert a local news column reporting Wednesday, April 29, 1970 this "bookburning incident" to follow as was, by all but official Cambodian account, Mr. LOWENSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, there an army bloodbath. Hundreds more dead a portion of my remarks: Vietnamese, many with hands tied behind [From the Washington Post, April 29, 1970] are signs that the famous "light at the end of the tunnel," which so entranced them, were discovered Wednesday fioating SciENTISTS DEBATE RACE INTELLIGENCE STUDY President Johnson and his advisers in down the Mekong River. In just a few weeks. (By Victor Cohn) their view of Vietnam, is now glimmering the plight of Vietnamese civilians has be­ A member of the J:'iational Academy of come so extreme as to arouse the official ir.. yet another Presidential eye. concern of Saigon. Since that government Sciences--the country's leading group of Many of us have observed that "Viet­ scientists-sought in vain yesterday to cen­ has not previously been known for its ten­ sure a .fellow member over an effort that namization" is a presc:.:iption not for derness toward the Vietcong, it presumably might label Negroes genetically inferior. withdrawal but for indefinite American believes that the victims are not enemies Dr. Joel C. Hildebrand asked the group to involvement in Vietnam. The recent but innocent Vietnamese civilians. rule Dr. William Shockley, Nobel Prize­ news about our operations in Laos and A ·judgment of the current Phnom Penh winning co-inventor of the transistor, "out now the President's decision to widen leadership is no sentimental luxury. It bears of order" for "seeking academy sponsorship directly on the question of whether the Lon the war to Cambodia show that it is still Nol government is a good political invest­ of one of his own rrojects." pursuing the will-o'-the-wisp of victory Shockley has been trying for four years ment f'Or the United States. In our view, a to get the group either to study white­ instead of trying to extricate us from government which invites battles it cannot versus-Negro intelligence or, more lately, the greatest foreign-policy folly in our fight, stirs community tension into clvil just say that such research is important. He history. war and acts in a way to shame those who has also devoted much of his own time to I discussed on the :floor today this ef­ would support it is a poor bet. We real:ze the subject. fort to "Americanize" the conflict in that the natural refiex of the bureaucracy In about two hours of debate, members Cambodia. I commend to the attention is to frame the problem as a narrow .::nilitary rejected Shockley's latest resolution, tabled of the Members of the House two excel­ one and to go ahead step by step and render Hildebrand's criticism and "received" but lent editorials from the Washington Post aid. It will probably take a positive decision did not "accept" a committee report that-­ by the President not to give aid in order to to Shockley's pleasure--at least acknowl­ on this subject: halt the momentum of ensconced habit. But edged that study of racial and hereditary [From the Washington Post, Apr. 19, 1970] that is exactly what Mr. Nixon must do. di:fierences is "proper and socially relevant." No Am FOR CAMBODIA [From the Washington Post, Apr. 24, 1970] A Stanford University professor, Shockley Cambodia's appeal to the United States first tried in 1966 to get the academy to probe for m1litary aid should be turned down. The No REASON TO WIDEN THE WAR race and intelligence--and moved to a per­ principal reasons are two. First, the Cam­ Cambodian Premier Lon Nol's latest appeal sonal view that millions of genetica.ly in­ bodian army has shown so little taste and to President Nixon for military aid takes on ferior, mainly blaclrt; children are being pro­ talent for battle that the provision of sup­ a special urgency from events at the front. duced by national policies that encourage plies and equipment which the army would First, Vietnamese Communist forces are on illegitimacy. not put to good use could easily turn out the march; they have seized parts of six prov­ ·In 1967 an academy committee decided to be just a way station on the road to an inces around Phnom Penh and are nearly "there is no scientific basis" for saying "there open-ended American involvement, as in within artillery range of the capital itself. are or are not substantial hereditary di:fier­ Vietnam. Equipment, then advisers, then ..• Secondly, the Cambodian army is on the run~ ences in intelligence" between blacks and who can say? it lacks leadership, equipment, numbers, whites. Second, though the value of Cambodian skill and resolve. But Shockley has picked up support since sanctuary to the Vietcong has been consid­ That Lon Nol's situation is deteriorating, then, from at· least a scattering of scientists. erable, it has not been considerable enough however, is not reason enough for the United This includes the well-publicized work of to prevent Allied forces in South Vietnam States to rescue him. Lon Nol has been a Dr. Arthur R. Jensen, University of Cali­ over the last year or two from grasping the disaster: an ambitious general who seized fornia educa.tional psychologist, who says military lnltiative. However useful it would power by a coup, he has brought down upon tests show that blacks on the average score be to deny the Vietcong continued sanctuary his country in one short month the war 15 points below whites in IQ. Critics say he in Cambodia, it is demonstrable that this which his canny and mercurial predecessor, is using a white-oriented test and ignoring mission is not essential to the war effort in Prince Sihanouk, skillfully avoided for many environmental effects that start even before Vietnam. The decision not to move in force long years. The suspicion grows that he birth. against the sanctuaries was taken for sound counted recklessly from the start of the pro­ Shockley lists former Sen. Ernest Gruening reason some time ago. spect that by declaring his government of Alaska as a director of a new foundation If the Nixon Doctrine means anything at "friendly" to us he could lure us into bailing he has started and has written the academy all, it is that the administration will be him out. Otherwise there is no logical expla­ pressing for answers to some of Shockley's selective and discriminating in its military nation for his policy of inviting a major open questions, and has voiced "shock" over the commitments-that it will not, like a retired war with the Communists, who had long and group's refusal to act. fire horse awakening to a bell, instantly gal­ quietly used Cambodian territory for their Shockley's persistence last October trig­ lop off with a military response to every Vietnamese operations while letting Siha­ gered an academy resolution-written by anti-Communist appeal. The case against nouk rule in Phnom Penh. Hildebrand, professor emeritus of chemistry risking being drawn into another swamp In fact, Lon Nol's appeal is full of holes. at the University of California.--to name a becomes even stronger when the govern­ Given the gravity of his emergency, the long new committee that Hildebra.:1d hoped would ment and army seeking aid are so palpably time needed to deliver aid and the longer "give congresslllen some realistic advice." punky as Cambodia's. When the mission, time needed to train Cambodians to use it The committee, headed by Dr. Kingsley even if successfully achieved, cannot be effectively, it is inconceivable that aid alone Davis, University of California sociologist, shown to be vital, the case for taking the risk could help. American "advisers" would surely wrote a report the academy refused to release virtually disappears. be requested, too, in time. There is the ring yesterday, and Hildebrand called "worth­ There is, in addition, the nature of the of a pathetic truth--or rather, a pathetic less" because "it wouldn't serve to inform Cambodian government. The Lon Nol re­ fallacy-in the remark of a Cambodian bat­ a congressman who succumbed to Shockley's gime, which seized power from Prince Sihan­ talion: "Tell Washington that we could use blandishment that it's wrong to treat a man ouk a month ago, lacks any comparable 200,000 American troops and after two years on ioh.e basis of his membership in a group. popular standing and appears wobbly and we could handle the situation by ourselves, We should treat people on the basis of their impermanent. In its desperation, it is play­ like the South Vietnamese." And even if some individual performance." ing on the ancient folk passions which di­ combination of Cambodian, South Vietnam­ Shockley made it clear he will continue vide the Khmer people of Cambodia from ese and American troops did succeed in his arguments. He told academy members the Annamites of Vietnam. It identiiles as sealing the Cambodian border, the much there is a "growing incidence" in the U.S. enemies not only the estimated 40,000 North longer Laotian border would still be open­ of. mental retardation with IQ below 75. He Vietnamese soldiers camping in Cambodia no one claims there is a prospect of sealing said he is only iDiterested in "facing these but the 400,000 Vietnamese civillans living that. facts ln good conscience" to ta.llor "hum.ane" there as well. The lnltial thinking of the administration and nonraclst social and educational policies. Thus last Saturday General Lon Nol's air- seems to be to provide some indirect help. 13528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 Thus several thousand Soviet-made rifles hearings resulted in the adoption of a namese and the National Liberation captured in Vietnam are being distributed to resolution calling on Hanoi to live up to Front in failing to treat our men hu­ the Cambodian army. Indonesia, apparently the requirements of the Geneva Conven­ with American encouragement, is said to be manely. offering aid and advice. Other reports say tion on Prisoners of War and to provide It is my hope that in each community that South Vietnamese troops may be un­ hwnane treatment for American military throughout this Nation some special rec­ leashed across the border. Indirect aid has personnel they hold captive. ognition can be paid to the prisoner of the advantage of conveying an American in­ The text of that resolution read: war problem on the Law Day and other terest even while half-hiding the American Whereas more than one thousand three ceremonies which mark May 1. hand. But it commits some American prestige hundred members of the United States Here in Washington, of course, there nonetheless, it gets up the momentum of the Armed Forces are prisoners of war or missing will be the giant rally Friday evening at military supply machinery, and it unavoid­ in action in Southeast Asia; and ably creates the expectation that if a limited Whereas North Vietnam and the National Constitution Hall, sponsored by a bi­ amount does not suffice, the United States Liberation Front of South Vietnam have re­ partisan group of Members of Congress. will come through with more. fused to identify prisoners they hold, to allow The Subcommittee on National Security The dimensions of the over-all military impartial inspection of camps, to permit free Policy and Scientific Developments will problem should not be obscured in the dust exchange of mail between prisoners and their mark the occasion by taking testimony swirling around Phnom Penh. The Parrot's families, to release seriously sick or injured in the morning from five wives of Ameri­ Beak, a promontory of Cambodian territory prisoners, and to negotiate seriously for the can servicemen who are prisoners or are which juts toward Saigon, has been used by release of all prisoners and thereby have listed as missing in action. Vietnamese as a major sanctuary and base violated the requirements of the 1949 Geneva area for years. To calculate that it could be Convention on prisoners of war, which North But let us not stop there in bringing cleaned out quickly, as advocates of aid do, Vietnam ratified in 1957; and this important issue to the attention of is a dream-the same kind of dream which Whereas the twenty-first International our countrymen. Each of us can make a sucked the United States into Vietnam in the Conference of the Red Cross, meeting in contribution by discussing the problem first place. Moreover, we have it on the au­ Istanbul, Turkey, on September 13, 1969, in public speeches in our own districts, thority of President Nixon the other night adopted by a vote of 114 to 0 a resolution not only on May 1 but in the days to that the Communists' use of Cambodian calling on all parties to armed conflicts to come. sanctuary is not all that damaging to the ensure humane treatment of prisoners of American effort in Vietnam. Despite that war and to prevent violations of the Geneva In that way, the rally will not end May sanctuary and despite the recent Communist Convention; and 1-but rather signal a larger rallying of drive in Cambodia, the President said, enemy Whereas the United States has continu­ all Americans in the cause of obtaining force levels in Vietnam have declined, Amer­ ously observed the requirements of the humane treatment and ultimate release ican casualties have fallen, Vietnamlzation is Geneva Convention in the treatment of pris­ for our military men held captive in proceeding and "we finally have in sight the oners of war; and Southeast Asia. just peace we are seeking." Whereas the United States Government has Mr. Nixon observed on Monday that his repeatedly appealed to North Vietnam and The text of the letters follow: main consideration, in assessing Communist to the National Liberation Front to comply THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE, military activity in Cambodia and elsewhere, with the provisions of the Geneva Oonven­ Washington, April15, 1970. was that the security of American forces re­ tion: Now, therefore, be it Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, maining in Vietnam not be jeopardized. This Resolved by the House of Representatives Chairman, Subcommittee on National Se­ is the key. However unwelcome and distaste­ (the Senate concurring), That the Congress curity Policy and Scientific Develop­ ful, a Communist advance in Cambodia need strongly protests the treatment of United ments, Committee on Foreign Affairs, not jeopardize American troops across the States servicemen held prisoner by North House of Representatives. border. There is no overriding strategic rea­ Vietnam and the National Liberation Front DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Responding to the son why the United States must extend its of South Vietnam, calls on them to comply request received from your staff, I am glad part of the war to another country-certain­ with the requirements of the Geneva Con­ to give you the following report on the use ly not at a time when it is trying to scale vention, and approves and endorses efforts by we have made of House Concurrent Resolu­ down the war in Vietnam. the United States Government, the United tion 454 expressing the concern of the Con­ Nations, the International Red Cross, and gress about the treatment of American other leaders and peoples of the world to prisoners of war in Southeast Asia. obtain humane treatment and release of Our delegation to the Paris meetings on AMERICAN PRISONERS OF WAR IN American prisoners of war. Vietnam first informed the other side of SOUTHEAST ASIA Subsequently that resolution was Congressional action on this resolution fol­ adopted by both the House and Senate lowing the hearings conducted November 13, 1969, by your Subcommittee, and approval of as a clear expression of the sense of the Resolution by the Subcommittee and HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI Congress on the plight of our American full Committee. On December 18, three days OF WISCONSIN POW's in Southeast Asia. after the resolution was adopted by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Recently I asked the Department of House of Representatives by a vote of 405-0, State, the Department of Defense, and Ambassador Habib made the following state­ Tuesday, April 28, 1970 the American National Red Cross to ment in the Paris meeting: Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, I wish provide me with reports on how the reso­ "The demand that North Vietnam provide to express my strong endorsement of lution had been helpful to them in carry­ humane treatment for the POW's in this manner has wide endorsement in the United House Concurrent Resolution 582, a res­ ing out their work on behalf of our States and in the world at large. The House olution offered by the gentleman from prisoners of war and their families. of Representatives of the United States has Florida (Mr. SIKEs) which designates Replies have already been received just passed unanimously a resolution which May 1 as a day for an appeal for inter­ from the Department of State and the states the following: national justice for all American pris­ Red Cross, and I will insert them into " 'Be it resolved by the House of Repre­ oners of war and servicemen missing in the RECORD at the end of these remarks. sentatives that the Congress strongly pro­ action. I do so in order to point up the im­ tests the treatment of U.S. servicemen held The unanimous support which has portance and usefulness of congressional prisoner by North Vietnam and the Na­ expressions on the POW problem. By our tional Liberation Front of South Vietnam, been given this resolution and previous calls on them to comply with the require­ resolutions which relate to the POW unanimous passage of House Concur­ ments of the Geneva Conference, and ap­ problem indicate that all Americans, re­ rent Resolution 582 we have stated once proves and endorses efforts by the United gardless of their views on the Vietnam again our deep concern for the welfare States Government, the United Nations, the War, are united in supporting the right of those unfortunates held by the enemy International Red Cross, and other leaders of captured American servicemen to hu­ in Vietnam and for their families who and peoples of the world to obtain humane mane treatment in accord with the dic­ live in fear and anxiety from day to day. treatment and release of American prisoners tates of international law. By designating l.V.iay 1 as a time of of war.'" As Af­ special recognition for our POW's and The Senate added its unanimous approval you know, the House Foreign to the Resolution on February 18, 1970. Am­ fairs Subcommittee on National Security their families, we are continuing to direct bassador Habib brought this confirmation of Policy and Scientific Developments, of public attention both at home and Congressional concern to the attention of which I am chairman, held hearings on abroad to their plight, and to the brutal the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong dele­ the POW situation last November. Those and illegal actions of the North Viet- gations in Paris on February 26, as follows: April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13529 Cross societies in every country in the world Most Americans, we believe, are sick and "Let me ca.U your attention to the fact tired of the campus uprisings. They are in­ that on February 18 the United States Sen­ as well as with the International Red Cross headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland. clined to support harsh measures when small ate, by a unanimous vote, adopted a resolu­ bands of unruly students disrupt and seek tion concerning prisoners of war. The House Our efforts to stimulate American public support by encouraging their direct com­ to prevent the educational process for seri­ of Representatives had earlier passed an ous-minded students. The only answer is for identical resolution-also by a unanimous munication with Hanoi have elicited, ac­ cording to the Post Office, tens of thousands university and college administrators to ex­ vote. pel those individuals who insist on breaking "Let me read the operative portion of that of letters, with a steady flow of letters pour­ resolution: ' ••• The Congress strongly pro­ ing in every day. We further have received the rules. tests the treatment of United States service­ assurances from the Po8t Office Department The young protest the "Establishment," men held prisoner by North Vietnam and that their information indicates the letters meaning the adults, whom they blame for all the National Liberation Front of South Viet­ are reaching Hanoi via Moscow and Peking. of the world's ills. Admittedly the adult pop­ nam, calls on them to comply with the re­ Thus there is no doubt in our minds that ulation has made many mistakes. But as one quirement of the Geneva Convention, and the North Vietnamese authorities are getting college professor, Dr. K. Ross Toole of the approves and endorses efforts by the United a very clear picture of American sentiment University of Montana, recently pointed out, States Government, the United Nations, the on the prisoner-of-war issue. every generation makes mistakes, always has International Red Cross, and other leaders We have no doubt but that the Concur­ and always will. · and people of the world to obtain humane rent Resolution has been of enormous help Dr. Toole recently wrote a timely article treatment and release of American prisoners to us in this marshaling of American and for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Gazette in which of war.'" worldwide opinion on the subject and we he "tells it like it is." The young should take A copy of the full text of Amba-ssador expect to make repeated use of it for that note of what he has to say. Habib's statement on this date is enclosed purpose in the future. Accordingly, it "We have made our share of mistakes," for your information and use. scarcely needs saying-but merits emphasis-­ wrote Dr. Toole, "But my generation has In short, the adoption of H. Con. Res. 454 that we are extremely appreciative of Con­ xnade America the most amuent country on by both Houses of Congress without a dis­ gress' action in this matter. earth: it has tackled head-on a racial prob­ senting vote has enabled our spokesman in Sincerely yours, lem which no nation on earth in the history the Paris negotiations to document the wide JOHN C. WILSON, of mankind has dared to do. It publicly de­ range of concern felt by the American peo­ Executive Vice President. clared war on poverty and it has gone to the ple about the treatment of our prisoners of moon; it has desegregated schools and abol­ war, and has put the other side on notice ished polio; it has pres1ded over the begin­ that our Government will not rest until all ning of what is probably the greatest social the prisoners are released and the fullest THE CAMPUS UPRISINGS and econoxnic revolution in man's history. possible accounting is received of the miss­ "It has begun these things, not finished ing. Our delegation has raised the prisoner them. It has declared itself and comxnitted of war issue repeatedly in the Paris meet­ itself, and taxed itself, and damn near run ings as part of our wide-ranging effort to in­ HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN itself into the ground in the cause of social duce the communist authorities to live up OF WEST VIRGINIA justice and reform." Professor Toole also takes to task the psy­ to their obligations under the Geneva Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vention to treat prisoners humanely. We chologists--the educators and preachers who have also sought to keep this subject con­ Wednesday, April 29, 1970 say the young are rebelling against our ar­ stantly before the eyes of world opinion. H. Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, we are chaic mores and morals, our materialistic ap­ eon. Res 454 has been and, we believe, will proaches to life, our failures in diplomacy, continue to be most helpful in these efforts. entering another spring-summer offen­ our terrible ineptitude in racial matters, our Sincerely, sive on college campuses across the Na­ narrowness as parents, our blindness to the ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON. tion as minority demonstrators, failing to root ills of society. To all of this, he says, perpetrate their views by legitimate balderdash! AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS, means, seek to force them through vio­ "Society hangs together by the stitching of Washington, D.C., April 22,1970. lent means. many threads," he writes. "No 18-year-old is Hon. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKY, It is indeed amazing that university simply the product of his 18 years; he is the U.S. House of Representatives, product of 3,000 years of the development of Washington, D.C. administrators still fail to utilize the mankind-and throughout those years, in­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN ZABLOCKY: The Ameri­ one recourse granted them since the year justice has existed and been fought; rules can Red Cross is continuing its action both 1209, and that is the power to expel. have grown outmoded and been changed; on a domestic front and around the world to The following editorial from the doom has hung over men and been avoided; stimulate a universal awareness of the fact Wheeling, W.Va., News Register reports unjust wars have occurred; pain has been the that the North Vietnamese have publicly it does not find it surprising that 75 per­ cost of progress--and man has persevered." stated they have no intention of· abiding by cent of the American people favor sum­ Getting back to today's rebellion on the the terms of the Geneva Convention for the mary expulsion of college students who campuses, the college professor believes that Protection of Prisoners of War. Our efforts, that is where we must begin to take firm however, are not only to arouse world public use illegal force on campus as a means action to cope with the militant minority of opinion but to encourage our Red Cross of persuasion. young people. counterparts in every country in the world, The article quickly sums up the situa­ "It simply means that faculties should stop 112 in all, to take definitive action directly tion and includes pertinent commentary playing children," he writes, "that demon­ with the appropriate North Vietnamese au­ from Dr. K. Ross Toole of the University strators should be met not with the police thorities. of Montana. but with expulsions. The power to expel We are particularly appreciative of the ac­ (strangely unused) has been the legitimate tion taken by the Congress in the unanimous I present it to your attention at this recourse of universities since 1209." adoption of Concurrent Resolution 454. We point: The idea is not new or revolutionary. It is have taken this as an expression of a uni­ [From the Wheeling, W. Va., News-Register, one of the oldest rights and necessities of the versal desire of the people of the United Apr. 27, 1970] university community. And the majority of States that we should continue to press with­ THE CAMPUS UPRISINGS Americans today agree with it, as the latest out letup in our national and international opinion poll demonstrates. efforts in behalf of Americans held prisoners We do not find it surprising in the least by the North Vietnamese. that '75 per cent of the American people favor We have given the Concurrent Resolution summary expulsion of college students who both national and international circulation. use illegal force on 9ampus as a means of Our own house organ, the American Red persuasion. BAD NEWS FOR NIXON Cross News-Letter, of which some 60,000 This finding was reported last night on the copies are printed, contained information on television program, "The Advocates" which this action by the House and Senate. Copies appears on a number of non-commercial sta­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS have gone to all network TV and radio news tions of the public television system. OF INDIANA bureaus, wire services~ newspapers, magazines The poll was conducted by the Opinion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and business publications throughout the Research Corporation of Princeton, N.J., and country. Copies are sent to all Government represented a national sampling based on Wednesday, April 29, 1970 agencies and major business corporations. 1,063 adults--532 males and 531 females-­ Mr. Mr. Through the facilities of our own orga..nlza.­ in telephone households ln U.S. cities, towns BRADEMAS. Speaker, I be­ tion, this newsletter has gone to all 3,500 Re_d and rural communities. lieve many Members will read with in­ Cross chapters and branches in every part of Besides the 77 per cent in favor of expul• terest the following column by TRB in America: and through various press releases sion, 16 per cent opposed the idea and 7 per the April 4, 1970, issue of the New Re­ this information has been shared with Red cent had no precise opinion. public: 13530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 BAD NEWS FOR NIXON AN AGE OF MIDGETS radio stations are planned at Mumbwa (By TRB) Then there's the toughest problem of all­ Sitting here in Washington, trying to make Nixon and race. At the Gridiron Club annual 11 miles from Lusaka, the capital. Whil~ sense of it all, we have, we hate to admit, a banquet here recently, the President stole the USIA is cooperating in Zambia to gathering foreboding. It's bad news for Mr. the show. He sat on the stage with one piano agitate anti-Communist civilization to Nixon we fear and, alas and alack, that means and Spiro Agnew sat at another, and no the south, as yet there is no evidence bad news for America. sooner would the President start a tune than of U.S. tax dollars in the radio opera­ Up til now he's been throwing out policies; Spiro would cut in with Dixie. Everyone got tion-the Red Chinese are the builders-­ now the results are coming back at him. the point. Oh, it was funny, I tell you! In due to a critical labor shortage in Zam~ia. Let's run over some of them. On the eco­ that great crowd of newsmen and their pow­ In the meantime, the Rhodesian eco­ nomic front Administration advisers frankly erful guests there were only two blacks. They a-dmit the inflation didn't yield as expected. may not have thought it was so amusing. nomic report for 1969 shows that despite They did everything the book said but the As we appraise the mood of America it is the warlike U.S.-U.N.O. sanctions their economy didn't play by the rules. We are now as disturbed, uneasy and anxious as it has gross domestic product increased i4 per­

almost certainly headed into a recession not been for a long time. Maybe things will cent, exports increased 20 percent1 and (mild, we hope) with inflation at the same quiet down but our instinct warns of con­ employment increased by 5 percent. time. Many Presidents are bothered with one frontations ahead. It is a cliche to recall A continuing embarrassment to the or the other. Mr. Nixon has both. Mr. Nixon's promise to bring us together world's political left, including the pres­ Industrial strife: this is natural enough, but, anyway, he hasn't done it. ent U.S. administration, is that the op­ really, if you're willing to look at some boring It got so confused on integration that Mr. pressed peoples from the black ''socialis­ statistics. Corporate profits after taxes have Nixon decided to formalize his position once zoomed in the inflation (up $3.5 billion and for all and produced his 8000-word state­ tic democracies" in the north struggle to since 1967). So have Wall Street dividends ment. "What we need most at this juncture get into, not out of, the civilized South (up $3.1 blllion). Congress has boosted its in our history," said Father Hesburgh, presi­ African countries. own salaries to $42,400 (40 percent) and the dent of Notre Dame and Mr. Nixon's own I include several related news clip­ President's by 100 percent. Corporate tycoons chairman of the U.S. Civil Rights Com­ pings, as follow: have followed suit. mission, "is a great positive statement." He [From the Rhodesian Herald, Apr. 16, 197()) And what's happened to the worker? Why, appealed for a clarion call. What he got was the "forgotten American" that the President a dry, legalistic document. DISPUTE PossmLE OVER PROPOSED RoAD LINK is so anxious about, can't make ends meet: "Just when the nation demanded moral LusAKA, Wednesday.-President Kaunda. the average industrial worker with three de­ leadership from the President on the most of Zambia held surprise talks yesterday with pendents got $88.06 a week in 1965 (after sub­ crucial human problem we face," wrote Sir Seretse Khama, President of Botswana, tracting income taxes and social security) Hugh Sidey earlier in Life, "almost none at the remote Zambian town of Sesheke near and $87.27 in 1969 (adjusted prices). After was forthcoming." the South West African border. It is believed four years' frantic running, he's in the same Again and again the President said he they discussed a proposed road link between place! Postal workers were told to wait. would be guided by the courts, he would Zambia and Botswana, for which a United Make no doubt of it, there's going to be follow the courts, let the courts decide. Mr. States Government agency recently con­ more turbulence. And the politically minded Nixon attacked the Supreme Court during cluded a $70,000 survey. There have been Administration has just decided that reces­ the election. Now his nominations to the reports of South African pressure on Bots­ sion is worse than inflation (with an elec­ Court seem to demean it. In this age of wana to reject the link. tion ahead) and has switched signals. It is doubt and uncertainty the Supreme Court The road would join the towns of Living­ easing curbs on price rises although as Busi­ is a beacon to many. Take faith in the Court stone and Francistown, running mainly ness Week says, "inflation is still rolling at away from the frustrated and heartsick along the Rhodesia-Botswana border. Its aim undiminished speed." black leadership and the situation may well would be to strengthen links between the slip over into violence. Yet in an age of two countries as well as help Zambia cut So how about Vietnam? Mr. Nixon's No­ ties with Rhodesia. vember 3 speech was a political masterpiece. midgets, Sen. Hruska defends the right of the mediocre to climb into the seats of the At present a ferry connects Zambia and Everybody said so. He would negotiate, he Botswana across the Zambezi River at would Vietnamize, and he would gradually great body.. The Administration is afflicted with creeping mediocrity. Kazungula. Its presence ha.s never been withdraw, all at once-something for every­ challenged. But a road link might need a body. The nation relaxed; "he's a genius,'' bridge and the border is so narrow that a people said. But five months later and now dispute could arise over territo rial infringe­ skeptics are asking more boldly: Can the ment. South Vietnamese really win when Ameri­ ON THE RHODESIAN FRONT FORCE ISSUE cans withdraw? And can we actually "nego­ tiate" when the key issue is, Who runs Sai­ Our Africa News Senice says the major gon ?-and we back the Thieu-Ky regime to HON. JOHN R. RARICK border dispute which looms between Zam­ the limit? bia and Botswana. on the one hand and Nearly everybody agrees the war can't be OF LOUISIANA South Africa and Rhodesia on the other, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could involve both the United Nations and "won" militarily; somehow or other the long­ Britain in what observers believe is a delib­ est war in our history must be negotiated Wednesday, April 29, 1970 erate move by the Zambian Government to out. Yet for the last four months of the 14 force into the open the question Of disputed months of the new Nixon "era of negotiation" Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, latest re­ authority over South West Africa and the top place in our team in Paris is vacant. ports from Rhodesia are worthy of com­ Rhodesia. The Communists won't negotiate with a sub­ ment. Several days following the cow­ South Africa and Rhodesia maintain that ordinate; Mr. Nixon doesn't act. We back ardly withdrawal of the U.S. consulate Zambia and Botswana do not share a com­ Thieu. Stalemate. at Salisbury, the Russians opened an em­ mon frontier. This means that the build· And the war itself? Marijuana, we learn, bassy in neighboring Botswana. While ing of a bridge would most certainly entail 1s widespread. We hear of worse vices. There our diplomatic blunders have denied us a violation by Zambia and Botswana of their is this trial of the young first lieutenant of an anti-Communist ally as well as neighbours' territorial rights. who ordered the slaying of an unarmed Viet­ South African Foreign Affairs Minister, namese civilian. There is the Mysong mas­ Rhodesian chrome, it seems that the Dr. Hilgard Muller, h:as already indicated sacre. What else goes on we don't know. We Russians were aware of recently discov­ South African interest in the plan by saying close our minds if we can. And over 41,000 ered diamonds and other valuable min­ that there "is no joint border between the Americans dead. erals in Botswana. two countries." Zambia disputes this notion. Well, that's Vietnam. So why blame the The Soviets and the Peking Chinese An official here has described Dr. Muller's President? Mr. Nixon didn't make the war! are so well established in their colony, remarks as nonsense, pointing to what He just supported it when he was out of Zambia, that they are now proposing a Zambia. m:aintains is a common frontier at office and said he would end it, in office. Kazungula, 58 miles west of Livingstone. There was a moment, perhaps, when he controversial highway to link Lusaka, the For the Government's stand-though not could have got us out after he was inaugu­ capital of Zambia, with Botswana. Inter­ officially spelled out-is that the United Na­ rated; he didn't, and now there are Laos estingly enough, the reported feasibility tions, which claims authority over South and Cambodia. The Army brass wants a six study on the bridge, a paltry $70,000 item, West Africa, holds sway over the Ca.privt months' delay in troop pull-outs. And pub­ has been donated in the name of African strip and that Britain continues to hold the lic weariness 1s reflected in Massachusetts good will by the U.S. taxpayers. only legitimate authority over Rhodesia. where the state legislature, quaintly enough, Zambia also announces its plans to be­ NO RIGHT talks about testing the legality of the whole come the Red propaganda center or the Thus, the sources say, the Zam.bian Gov• thing. African Continent. Three new powerful ernment argues that neither Pretoria nor April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13531 Salisbury would have the right to interfere "The film is actually anti-South African," position, after Britain and South Africa, with in any proposals involving a bridge. he said. "The commentary points out how goods valued at about $31.2 million. Whether Botswana, so heavily dependent blind and wrong the Afrikaner point of view By the end of next year, Zambia should on both Rhodesia and South Africa, will go is. The USIS would never accept or distribute be able to cut off the bulk of imports from along with this is not clear. any film supporting South Africa in any Rhodesia when it becomes either largely or But the independent Times of Zambia said way." totally self-sufficient in coal and power. in an editorial today: "The road . . . must Departing from the article, recall that USIS Zambia administered another pinprick re­ be built whether Vorster and his right­ is the overseas name for the United States cently by putting bans on fruit and vegeta­ hand men like it or not." Infor~nation Agency. Essentially an arm of bles from Rhodesia and South Africa. These the State Department, its purpose is to help were worth about $7.2 million a year. [From the Rhodesia Herald, Apr. 16, 1970] achieve U.b. foreign policy objectives. New supplies of grapes and other fruit are FOOLISHNESS OF ZAMBIAN TACTICS The Lusaka dispatch, then, would indicate being sought from Mediterranean countries Reports published today speak of the pos­ that Washington's past enmity toward South while home production of vegetables and sibility of a "major border dispute" between Africa is being continued. Yet along with other fresh produce is being stepped up. Zambia and Botswana on the one hand and Rhodesia, that nation is one of the few A farmer sells a 30 lb. bag of marrows for Rhodesia and South Africa on the other. sound friends we have on the huge conti­ about 12 cents at the market in Salisbury, Zambia and Botswana claim a common nent. Rhodesia. He could get 10 times as much, frontier at Kazungula on the Zambezi. Rho­ A "refugee camp" in Zambia is a cozy name despite the big rake-off of middlemen, if he desia and South Africa insist that the bor­ given to centers of sanctuary and training could sell marrows at Lusaka's main mu­ ders of Rhodesia, Botswana, ·South West for revolutionaries mainly from white-ruled nicipal market. Africa (Caprivi Strip) and Zambia meet there South Africa and Rhodesia, but also from Rhodesia's independence also gave Zambia's at a point in the middle of the river. black-ruled countries such as Malawi. leaders the necessary push to develop the What has been a matter of no practical The article doesn't say what American or­ country's own coal resources, vital for the key concern to anybody for a generation assumed ganization or individual runs the camp. It copper industry and for which Zambia has at least theoretical importance when the U.S. would be interesting to know with whom been in the past totally dependent on Government offered to help link the Bot­ the USIS, an official U.S. agency, is collud­ Rhodesia. swana and Zambia road systems. ing in Socialist Zambia against a nation most COAL-WASHING PLANT Obviously traffic would have to cross the cooperative with us. By June a $2.4 million plant goes into op­ Zambezi; equally obviously, if Botswana has The Administration should investigate and eration to wash coal from Maamba mine­ no rights on the south bank a bridge could report upon this situation to the American and it is expected to be of a gOod enough not be built without either South Africa or people. The taxpayers are putting about $177 quality to be used in the copper mine smelt­ Rhodesia ceding land. And neither is re­ million a year into USIA activities. They ers 400 miles north. ported likely to do so. have a right to know what they are support­ By the end of next year bottlenecks which (It will be recalled that soon after the ing. make it difficult to transport enough Zambian Occupation of Rhodesia Britain gave Ger­ For all the sad misdirection that it implies, coal to the copper mines should be ironed out. ~nany a long narrow corridor between Be­ the item is not without its droll aspect. Why An eight-mile ropeway has been designed to chuanaland and Angola to allow German did the propaganda film backfire in its pur­ lift the coal up a steep slope, and a new rail South-West access to the Zambezi. The 1st pose of being unfavorable to South Africa? spur is being added. Rhodesia Regiment captured the Strip dur­ For : .t:. answer, consider a similar propa­ Also, by the end of next year Zambia's own ing the First World War and despite some ganda trick used by the Russians in the early $96 million hydro-electric scheme should be later talk of its becoming part of either Be­ 1950s. Intended to make the oppressed So­ in full production on the Kafue River, 50 chuanaland or one of the Rhodesias it came viet and satellite peoples more contented miles south of Luoversaka. firmly under South West African adminis­ with thelr lot, it showed them movies of the Further, tenders are going out toward the tration in the early 1930s.) most miserable scenes it could find of Amer­ end of this year for the construction of a The frontier issue seems to be pushed ex­ ican poverty and racial discrimination. $50.4 Inillion power house and other installa­ clusively by Zambia. Both the U.S. (on April But the film flopped in its purpose and tions on the Zambian bank of the Kariba 2) and Botswana (on April 13) have denied had to be pulled from circulation. The peo­ hydroelectric dam. The World Bank is help­ any plan to bridge the Zambezi; Botswana ple behind the iron curtain found too much ing to finance this project. has said that an improved ferry service is all to envJ in even slum scenes of America. she ha-s in mind. STEEL PLANT BIDS Notwithstanding deceptive propaganda to In another major development, Zambia Unless Zambia has some wild plan to use the contrary, there are remarkably few real the road exclusively to spite the Rhodesia this year will send invitations around the Railways, a better ferry service would seem refugees from South Africa. The most irri­ world for firms to put in tenders to set up adequate. All she is likely to gain from stir­ tating fact to the world's political left is that a $55.2 million iron-and-steel industry, capa­ ring up trouble would be a fresh and un­ the oppressed people from the black "So­ ble of producing 75,000 tons of light rolled sympathetic South African and Rhodesian cialist democracies" to the north struggle to shapes and reinforcing steel and 25,000 tons look at the pontoon service. get into, not out of South Africa. of pig iron a year. Nor are President Kaunda's reported tac­ The plant is expected to be at Kafue, a new tics likely to make Botswana's position any [From the Washington Evening Star, Apr. industrial town springing up 27 miles south easier. 8, 1970] of Lusaka. Already a South African Minister has RHODESIA Is SPUR: ZAMBIAN ECONOMY Smith in Salisbury can be held largely warned her against too close a diplomatic EXPANDS responsible for the establishment at Kafue link with Russia. If the chips went down (By Christopher Parker) of a $19.2-million textile factory, which is multi-racial Botswana would be utterly at producing 14 Inillion yards of cloth a year the financial mercy of her white-governed LusAKA, ZAMBIA.-Gasoline rationing and a shortage of basics like salt and beer are from a flourishing cotton-planting industry. neighbours, and Zambia could do nothing Then, also after Rhodesia's independence to help her. merely unpleasant memories for Zambians, going back to early days in their front-line Zambia scrapped plans to share the establish~ sanctions war against Rhodesia. ment of a big fertilizer factory with Rhodesia, [From the San Diego (Calif.) Evening and went ahead with its own plant. It is Tribune, Dec. 19, 1969] Today Ian Smith's Nov. 11, 1965, independ­ ence grab in neighboring Rhodesia still has now being built at Kafue. An explosives fac­ REACTION TO AFRICAN FILM BIG SURPRISE its impact on Zambia-but now much of it is tory is going up there, too. TO USIA favorable. A sequel to cutting off imports of oil and (By Gordon. C. Murray) Spiraling living costs remain a major con­ petrol through Rhodesia was the stretching, Members of an American-run refugee versation topic in Zambia and few housewives at a cost of $38.4 Inillion, of a pipeline for camp in Zambia recently seized a film dis­ would accept official estimates that living 1,000 miles from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, on tributed by the United States Information coots have risen by only about 30 percent the Indian Ocean, to Ndola, Zambia. Another Service and turned it over to the government. since Rhodesian independence. At independ­ sequel is the construction, to begin soon, of A cryptic article datelined Lusaka gives the ence one could buy a pound of tomatoes for a $33.6 million refinery at Ndola, by Italians. details in the very liberal Rand Daily Mail about 9 cents; today it would be more like Fiat of Italy is setting up at Livingstone, of Johannesburr, South Africa. 25 or 35 cents. near the Rhodesian border in Zambia, the But more important is the political urge country's first car assembly plant. The initial The film was camouflaged south African output is expected to be 5,000 cars a year. propaganda, the refugees claimed. They said Rhodesia's independence thrust on Zambia's it hero-worshipped Prime Minister B. J. Vor­ leaders to cut old links with Rhodesia and Rhodesia's independence also was probably South Africa and replace them with links infiuential in giving Zambia a further im­ ster and justified the oppression of black petus towards its biggest step for economic people in Southern Africa. with the north and developing the country's own resources. independence--nationalization of the copper But according to the RDM, the film is part mines. of a series made by the U.S. network, the RHODESIA SLIPS With this 45-year-old President Kenneth American Broadcasting Oompany. It also In 1965, Rhodesia was the biggest supplier Kaunda took over all the old Inineral title3, said that a USIS spokesman denied that the of goods to Zambia, providing $85.5 million previously vested in the two old mining film was favorable to South Africa, adding: worth. Last year Rhodesia slipped to third groups. 13532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 Firms from Japan, Yugoslavia, Canada and Latin America--even after they expropriate Yet, a. resolution recently was adopted by the United States are flocking in to seek American property. the United Nations in which Great Britain prospecting rights in 65,000 square miles What is Rhodesia's crime in the eyes of the was condemned for not using force to prevent relinquished by Roan Selection Trust and American President? Why, its white minority Rhodesia from obtaining her independence Anglo-American mining groups. rules the country. That's all there is to 1t. If from that country. Rhodesia's whites would turn the country It is ridiculous that an international or­ [From Parade magazine, Apr. 26,1970] they have built into a. modern industrial ganization, organized to prevent war, should SoVIET CHROME nation, over to its black majority, Mr. Nixon condemn a. nation for not xna.king war on Without metallurgical-grade chrome, large would open both U.S. doors and pocket­ another country. Fortunately, the United segments of U.S. defense industries would books. States vetoed the resolution and it did not come to a rapid halt. And yet: Rhodesian blacks have far become the legal will of the body. • Chrome is necessary to produce alloys for more liberties and a. higher standard of The U.S. is equally in an absurd position jet engines, gas turbines, guns, and armor­ living than blacks in any black-ruled nation in its participation in sanctions against the piercing projectiles. in Africa! Mr. Nixon knows that, too. country Rhodesia. Today we in this country He recognizes black regimes which grind need chromium. It is available in Rhodesia., The U.S. imports 92 percent of its chrome can be purchased at a. lower price there than needs from abroad, two-thirds from the So­ their people into poverty, rob them, commit genocide, deny them civil liberties-just so we are now paying for it--and the Rhodesian viet Union. Prior to economic sanctions chromium is of higher quality. Yet, we re­ against Rhodesia, one-third of our chrome long as the regimes are black. Crimes com­ mitted by blacks against blacks apparently fuse to buy chromium from a. friendly na­ was imported from that country. But no tion and instead buy our supply of this metal longer. are to be overlooked. Rhodesia., in contrast, is a. 1a.nd of law and from the Soviet Union. Why does the Soviet Union continue to sell What has Rhodesia. done that is so wrong? us chrome at cheap prices? One possible order and very little crime. Blacks are elected to the legislature, and they control their own The U.S. in 1776 declared its independence reason is that it seeks to make us dependent affairs. And tribalism being the controlling against England. Today we recognize the U.S. upon her for this most vital of strategic war factor in their lives, the minority tribe in Declaration as a sound and patriotic thing. materials. Rhodesia. acknowledges thrut it prefers the Yet, when Rhodesia. declared her independ­ If this is true, might it not be prudent for white man's rule to that of the larger black ence from Great Britain on Nov. 11, 1965, the U.S. to develop and patronize other tribe. we, the United States, opposed Rhodesia.. chrome sources? Why become dependent Mr. Nixon also knows that EVERY African Obviously our country is catering to Great upon Soviet Russia to such a large extent? nation civilized by whites and turned over Britain. We recently closed our consulate in Antony Sutton of Stanford University's to blacks to rule has reverted to tribalism, Salisbury, capital of Rhodesia.. Yet, Great Hoover Institution, writes in a recent issue persecution and civil disorder. Whites have Britain keeps her consulate open in North of Ordnance, journal of the American Ord­ been massacred and persecuted. Liberia, Vietnam. Furthermore, Great Britain is lend­ nance Association, that it makes little sense which Mr. Nixon recognizes, even denies ing material aid and comfort through her "to defend ourselves at a cost of billions whites the right to vote and to hold govern­ trade with Fidel Castro. against Soviet missiles, without accompany­ ment office-. Doesn't faze Mr. Nixon's sensi­ In our interview with Prime Minister Ian ing this move by the logical action-taken bilities, his senses of right and wrong, one bit. Smith, a truly great person, we were told at the almost negligible cost of shifting sup­ Even as he was denying recognition to that Rhodesia seeks only the friendship of ply sources-to remove a potential source of Rhodesia., which has always been friendly to the U.S. He said that the U.S. would like to Soviet miscalculation." the U.S. and has never asked for a. dime, Mr. apply the one man, one vote concept in Simply, we should not allow the Soviet Nixon was seeking ways of establishing diplo­ Rhodesia.. But he added that wherever this war-planners to believe that in the event of matic ties, and ways to recognize the des­ principle has been applied in Africa it re­ war they have us over a barrel because they potic, bloody-handed Communist regime of sulted in "one xna.n, one vote, one time." He control our primary source of chrome. We Mao in China.. explained that when this concept was put into operation the result was the creation of had best let them know that we have avail­ The President should have recognized Rho­ able other plentiful suppliers. a military dictatorship and the end of dem­ desia, as he has recognized other regimes, and ocratic rule. helped its white government, as he has {From the Washington Post, Apr. 28, 1970] Rhodesia, under her constitution adopted helped the dictatorships, hopefully to bring earlier this month, has developed a Par­ SOMALI POLICE CHIEF ARRESTED IN "PLOT" about full participation of all citizens in liament in which both races are represented­ MOGADISCio.-8omalia's military govern­ their governments. Instead, we have the not by their numbers but by their participa­ ment announced yesterday it had arrested President of the U.S., along with the United tion in the economy. As the black partici­ the first vice president and police chief, Nations, trying to starve one small country­ pation in the economy increases the black Maj. Gen. Jama Ali Khorshel, as leader of an including its blacks-into submission via. representation will increase. "'imperialist plot" to seize power. trade sanctions and denial of recognirtion­ It is d11ficult for xna.ny people to compre­ The Supreme Revolutionary Council, which whlle at the same time recognizing every hend the fact that there are 136 tribal chiefs took control Oct. 21 after the funeral of as­ murderous dictatorship government in the who rule over the African tribes in Rhodesia. sassinated President Abdirashid Ali Sher­ world! The Rhodesian government has given these marke, said Khorshel would be tried for A wrong committed in the name of politi­ chiefs a part in Rhodesian affairs and the high treason. cal expediency is the grossest wrong of all­ black people can vote for representation in The council said the alleged plot included for it is committed to force people to bend Parliament. infiltrating the Soviet-trained armed forces, to one's political will. Until a few decades ago all of the black provoking neighboring Ethiopia to attack to Mr. Nixon committed this wrong to appease people of Rhodesia. lived in primitive huts in divert Somali troops. black and white militants and liberals in isolated villages. Today Rhodesia, with quite this country. He simply lacked the courage amazing growth, is providing new opportuni­ and humanity required to stand up to them [From the Washington Post, Apr. 28, 1970] ties for her black people. and help bring Rhodesia into the community It is difficult to comprehend what our U.S. CONGO TROOPS MOVE of man. State Department means to achieve through KINSHASA, CONGO.--congo Foreign Minister If we were Ian Smith, we would not worry. its policy against Rhodesia, a country that Cyzille Adoula said his country's troops had The state of that community being what it is anti-Communist throughout. There is need moved into position along the river border is, he is far better being outside. A door has of a. reconsideration of our U.S. policy toward with the Congo Republic (Brazzaville) . He two sides, however, and one day we may wanJt Rhodesia.. Our present policy is outside the said the move was "to protect Congolese ter­ to get through from OUR side. If so, we can realm of reality and fair play. ritorial and physical integrity." only hope the Rhodesians are more humane than our Presidents have been, and treat us [From the Lynchburg (Va.) News, not as we have treated them. [From the Baton Rouge (La.) State-Times, Mar. 18, 1970] But then: our national record for treating Apr. 13, 1970] - AN ACT OF COWARDICE minorities-red, black, white, brown or yel­ SOUTH AFRICAN OFFICIAL DEFENDS SEPARATIVN President Nixon's decision to deny U.S. low, religious and otherwise--is a sign of our OF RACES POLICY recognition to Rhodesia was an act of base basic cold-heartedness toward the plight of (By Nora. Norris) political cowardice dictated by expediency. those who are no menace to us, at home or South Africa's official policy of apartheid, Even the wire dispatches which reported abroad. Ahl But let them become trouble­ or separation of the races, is not racial dis­ it, and undoubtedly approve, pointed out some and we try to buy them off. crimlnation, but part of a plan to divide that it was "a major policy gesture toward that country into autonomous unira.cial black Africa and a condemnation of the [From the McComb Enterprise-Journal, countries, a. South African official said here white minority regime of Prime Minister Ian Apr. 3, 1970] this week. Smith." Edward Botha, of the South African In­ It was, indeed. And its baseness is under­ U.S. POLICY TOWARD RHODESIA IS ABSURD formation Services in New York, stopped in scored by the fact that Mr. Nixon recognizes The United Nations was conceived and or­ Baton Rouge recently to discuss South every bloody-handed black dlctator in Africa. ganized about the goal of getting nations to Africa., principally with newsmen. His other Nor does he flinch from recognizing and do­ settle their conflicts around the conference Louisiana. stops during his tour of the South ing business with military dictatorships in table and not on the battlefields. have included New Orleans and Shreveport. April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13533 "We don't have a race problem," declared year the issue of drugs and drug abuse Health, Education, and Welfare, hereinafter the native of Cape Town, South Africa's has been uppermost in the minds of the referred to in this Act as the "Secretary", capital. teachers. shall assist in educating the public on the He said South Africa is not a "black na­ As drug abuse is one of the most pres­ problems of drug abuse by- tion" and the population is 20 per cent ( 1) making grants to or entering into con­ white, 70 per cent black and the remainder sing problems we are faced with today, tracts with institutions of higher education is Asian and mixed. every citizen should take an interest in and other public or private agencies, insti­ The Bantu, or the blacks, are actually steps being proposed to enlighten the tut ions, or organizations, for- nine principal tribes, numbering more than public, particularly our young people, on (A) projects for the development of cur­ 12 million, with ditferent languages, cul­ the damaging effects of drug abuse. It ricula on the use and abuse of drugs, in­ tures, and traditions-a situation that cre­ appears that the most effective and re­ cluding the preparation of new and improved ates many tribal rivalries. sponsible way to approach this problem curricular materials for use in elementary, These groups include the Zulu Xhosa, each secondary, and adult education programs; with 3.5 m1llion members. Groups with more is through drug education and teacher (B) pilot projects designed to demonstrate, than a million members are the South Sotho, training. and test the effectiveness of curricula de­ North Sotho and Tswana. I, along with several other Members scribed in clause (A) (whether developed The goateed information official said cus­ of Congress, have introduced legislation with assistance under this Act or otherwise); tomary and legal policies of racial separation which would encourage the development (C) in the case of applicants who have are carried out by dividing the land into of new and improved curricula in drug conc;.llcted pilot projects under clause (B), areas for each group. Botha added the tribal abuse education, evaluate their effective­ projects for the dissemination of curricular nations are now semi-autonomous units and materials and other significant information will be independent when they are developed. ness in model programs, demonstrate de­ regarding the use and abuse of drugs to pub­ The units are not subsidi.zed by the domi­ veloped educational materials, and pro­ lic and private elementary, secondary, and nant white government, but will one day: vide training programs for teachers, adult education programs; be completely self-supporting. counselors, law enforcement officials, and {2) undertaking, directly or through con­ Besides separate land, the blacks have sep­ other public servants and community tracts or other arrangements with institu­ arate education fa9ilities, but any South leaders. Through the Secretary of the tions of higher education or other public or African can attend the school of his choice, private agencies, institutions, or organiza­ Department of Health, Education, and tions, evaluations of the effectiveness of cur­ Botha said. He added all schools offer equaJ Welfare, grants would be made to local education. ricula tested in use in elementary, secondary, He said although the blacks are separate, educational agencies and other private and adult education programs involved in they are not second class citizens. He added and nonprofit organizations for commu­ pilot projects described in paragraph (1) a man is a first class citizen in his terri­ nity education programs on drug abuse. (B) ; tory. H.R. 14252, the text of which is below, (3) making grants to institutions of higher Tracing the origin of South Africa and its seeks to help eliminate drug abuse by education and local educational agencies to policy, Botha said apartheid is an African striking at the heart of the problem-the provide preservice and inservice training pro­ tribal word meaning apartness. He said black lack of knowledge on the part of the grams on drug abuse (including courses of and white people began moving into South study, institutes, seminars, workshops, and Africa from opposite ends of the country at average citizen, young or old, on the conferences) for teachers, counselors, and about the same time in the mid-17th cen­ dangers of improper drug use. other educational personnel, law enforce­ tury and converged 150 years later at Cape H.R.14252 ment officials, and other public service and ' Town. A bill to authorize the Secretary of Health, community leaders; Commenting on his country's refusal to Education, and Welfare to make grants (4) making -grants to local educational allow tennis player Arthur Ashe into South to conduct special educational programs agencies and other public and private non­ Africa. Botha said it was an individual situ­ and activities concerning the use of drugs profit organizations for community educa­ ation precipitated by political reasons. He and for other related educational purposes tion programs on drug abuse (including seminars, workshops, and conferences) es­ said the Negro tennis player had previously Be it enacted by the Senate and House caused trouble. pecially for parents and others in the com­ of Representatives of the United States of munity. Botha added that many Negro athletes, es­ America in Congress assembled, That this Act pecially boxers, appear in South Africa. (b) In addition to the purposes described may be cited as the "Drug Abuse Education in subsection (a) , the Secretary may make The South African said his is a young Act of 1969". available not to exceed 5 per centum of the country, fast-developing like Japan, and sums appropriated to carry out this Act for tagged it the most advanced in the southern STATEMENT OF PURPOSE SEc. 2. (a) The Congress here6y finds and each fiscal year for payment of the reason­ hemisphere. He added the country produces able and necessary expenses of State educa­ 80 per cent of the world's gold and consid­ declares that drug abuse diminishes the strength and vitality of the people of our tional agencies in assisting local educational erable other precious and semi-precious agencies in the planning, development, and metals and diamonds and other gems. Nation; that such abuse of dangerous drugs is increasing in urban and suburban areas; implementation of drug abuse education He said decentralization of industry will programs. help the individual units of South Africa that there is a lack of authoritative informa­ economically because people of the different tion and creative projects designed to edu­ APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS - tribes can remain with their families, yet cate students and others about drugs and SEc. 5. (a) Financial assistance for a proj­ work a short distance away in another unit. their abuse; and that prevention and control ect under this Act may be made only upon Botha said his mountainous country is of such drug abuse require intensive and application at such time or times, in such basically temperate, but lacks adequate fresh coordinated efforts on the part of both gov­ manner, and containing or accompanied by water. Many fast-fiowing rivers occupy the ernmental and private groups. such information as the Secretary deems nec­ 471,000 square miles of South Africa, he (b) It is the purpose of this Act to en­ essary, and only if such application- added. courage the development of new and im­ ( 1) provides that the activities and serv­ The information official said the only wild proved curricula on the problems of drug ices for which assistance under this title is animals are in game preserves which he abuse; to demonstrate the use of such cur­ sought will be administered by or under the praised for their beauty and completeness. ricula in model educational programs and supervision of the applicant; to evaluate the effectiveness thereof; to dis­ (2) provides for carrying out one or more seminate curricular materials and significant projects or programs eligible for assistance information for use in educational programs under section 4 and provides for such meth­ throughout the Nation; to provide training ods of administration as are necessary for the FIGHTING DRUG ABUSE THROUGH programs for teachers, counselors, law en­ proper and efficient operation of such proj­ EDUCATION forcement officials, and other public service ects or programs; and community leaders; and to offer com­ (3) sets forth policies and procedures munity education programs for parents and which assure that Federal :funds made avail­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK others, on drug abuse problems. able under this Act for any fiscal year will OF OHIO AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS be so used as to supplement and, to the ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tent practical, increase the level of funds SEc. 3. There are hereby authorized to be that would, in the absence of such Federal Wednesday, April 29, 1970 appropriated $7,000,000 !or the fiscal year funds, be made available by the applicant beginning July 1, 1970, $10,000,000 for the Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, each for the purposes described in section 4, and fiscal year beginning July 1, 1971, and in no case supplant such funds; year I endeavor to visit most of the high $12,000,000 for the fiscal year beginning in (4) provides for such fiscal control and schools within my district Ohio. These July 1, 1972 for the purpose of carrying out fund accounting procedures as may be nec­ visits provide not only an opportunity this Act. Sums appropriated pursuant to this essary to assure proper disbursement of and for me to meet with the students and section shall remain available until expended. accounting for Federal funds paid to the teachers, but also give me an idea of the USES OF FUNDS applicant under this title; and issues and problems they are particularly SEC. 4. (a) From the sums appropriated ( 5) provides for making an annual report interested in and concerned about. This pursuant to section 3, the Secretary of and such other reports, in such form and 13534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 29, 1970 containing such information, as the Secre­ parents and others familiar With drug use funds for drug education and training have tary may reasonably require and for keep­ and abuse. The Committee shall meet at the grown six-fold between fiscal 1969 and fiscal ing such records and for affording such access call of the Chairman or of the Secretary. 1971, the situation calls for much greater thereto as the Secretary may find necessary (c) Members of the Advisory Committee effort. Today, I announce a greatly expanded to assure the correctness and verification of shall, while serving on the business of the Federal program to fight this growing prob­ such reports. Advisory Committee, be entitled to receive lem. (b) Applications 'from local educational compensation at rates fixed by the Secretary, The major points of the new effort are: agencies for financial assistance under this but not exceeding $100 per day, including A $3.5 million program operated by the Act may be approved by the Secretary only traveltime; and while so serving away from Office of Education to train school person­ if the State educational agency has been their homes or regular places of business, nel, particularly teachers, in the funda­ notified of the application and been given they may be allowed travel expenses, includ­ mentals of drug abuse education. the opportunity to offer recommendations. ing per diem in lieu of subsistence, as au­ Creation of a National Clearinghouse for (c) Amendments of applications shall, thorized by section 5703 of title 5 of the Drug Abuse Information and Educastion, giv­ except as the Secretary may otherwise pro­ United States Code for persons in the Gov­ ing the public one central office to contact. vide by or pursuant to regulation, be subject ernment service employed intermittently. Publication of a book in which, for the to approval in the same manner as original TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE first time, all of the concerned Federal de­ applications. SEC. 8. The Secretary of Health, Education, partments and agencies have pooled their INTERAGENCY COORDINATING COUNCIL ON DRUG and Welfare and the Attorney General shall, knowledge of the national drug problem. ABUSE EDUCATION when requested, render technical assistance Modification of a program of the Law SEc. 6. (a) The Secretary shall establish an to local educational agencies, public and pri­ Enforcement Assistance Administration to Interagency Coordinating Council on Drug vate nonprofit organizations and institutions allow large cities to apply for funds to be Abuse Education which shall consist of the of higher education in the development and used for drug education, as well as for law Secretary (or his designee) as Chairman, the implementation of prograxns of drug ab-use enforcement prograxns. Attorney General (or his designee), the Com­ education. Such technical assistance may, Development by the Advertising Council among other activities, include making avail­ of an expanded public service campaign on missioner of Education, the Director of the drug abuse in cooperation with the media. National Institution of Mental Health, and able to such agencies or institutions informa­ with the consent of such other Departments tion regarding effective methods of coping and the Federal government. Close cooperation of the Administration or agencies as the Secretary may from time with problexns of drug abuse, and making to time designate as having a substantial in­ available to such agencies or in.Stitlitions with concerned citizens' organizations. personnel of the Department of Health, Edu­ Closely related to these projects is this terest in the field of drug abuse education, Administration's decision to more than dou­ representatives of such Departments and cation, and Welfare and the Department of Justice, or other persons qualifled to advise ble the amount of money that will 'be spent agencies. this fiscal year on research into the etrect.s (b) The Council shall advise in the coordi­ and assist in coping with such problexns or carrying out a drug abuse education pro­ of marihuana on man. nation of the respective activities of the One of the great tragedies of the past dec­ Federal Departments and agencies concerned gram. PAYMENTS ade has been that our schools, where our in drug abuse education. children should learn about the wonder of (c) The Secretary of Health, Education, SEC. 9. Payments under this Act may be life, have often been the places where they and Welfare shall promulgate regulations made in installments and in advance or by learn the living-and sometimes actual­ establishing the procedures for consultation way of reimbursement, with necessary ad­ death of drug abuse. There is no priority with other agencies and with other appro­ justments on account of overpayments or higher in this Administration than to see priate public and private agencies. underpayments. that children-and the public--learn the (d) The Secretary of Health, Education, ADMINISTRATION facts about drugs in the right way and for and Welfare may not approve an application the right purpose through education. for assistance under this Act unless he has SEc. 10. In administering the provisions of given the Interagency Coordinating Council this Act, the Secretary is authorized to utilize opportunity review the application and the services and facilities of any agency of DRUG ABUSE PROGRAM FACT SHEET an to the Federal Government and of any other make recommendations thereon within a public or private agency or institution in ac­ 1. Teacher Training-The Office of Educa­ period not to exceed sixty days. cordance with appropriate agreements, and tion will direct a $3.5 million program to ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION to pay for such services either in advance or train school personnel, particularly teachers, in the fundamentals of drug education. SEC. 7. (a) The Secretary of Health, Edu­ by way of reimbursement, as may be agreed upon. Grants will 'be given to states on the basis cation, and Welfare shall appoint an Advisory of their populations. The minimum will 'be Committee on Drug Abuse Education, which DEFINITIONS $40,000 and the maximum $210,000. States shall- SEC. 11. As used in this Act- will be encouraged to match their grants ( 1) advise the Secretary concerning the (a) The term "Secretary" means the Sec­ but this will not be mandatory. administration of, preparation of general retary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Each State will be free to spend the money regulations for, and operation of, prograxns (b) The term "State" includes, in addi­ on training teachers as it sees fit. However, supported with assistance under this Act; tion to the several States of the Union, the the Offi.ce of Education anticipates that most (2) make recommendations regarding the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District states will want to use the Government's allocation of the funds under this Act among of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the training centers that will be operated in key the various purposes set forth in section 4 Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of locations around the country. and the criteria for establishing priorities in the Pacific Islands. As the first step, a National Action Com­ deciding which applications to approve, in­ President Nixon in his statement on mittee will 'be formed within the next few cluding criteria designed to achieve an ap­ drug abuse in March called for a greater weeks to provide leadership, technical assist­ propriate geographical distribution of ap­ ance, and aid in program planning, devel­ proved projects throughout all regions of the effort in dealing with drug abuse and opment, monitoring, and evaluation. The Nation; an expanded program to fight the prob­ committee will include representatives from (3) review applications and make recom­ lem. At this point I would like to insert the fields of education, medicine, law, social mendations thereon; the President's statement containing his work, and the behavioral sciences. Youth ( 4) review the administration and opera­ proposal to curb the improper and abu­ will be included, and members will be drawn tion of projects and prograxns under this Act, sive use of drugs. The sooner the Con­ from ditreren t ethnic groups and from both including the effectiveness of such projects the public and private sectors. and prograxns in meeting the purposes for gress acts on these proposals to combat Next, the committee will sponsor a na­ which they are established and operated, the problems of drug abuse the sooner tional conference in Chicago in April to de­ make recommendations with respect thereto, we will be able to implement construc­ velop details of the program with representa­ and make annual reports of its findings and tive and responsible educational pro­ tives of all the states. recommendations (including recommenda­ grams. This summer, those states that wish to tions for improvements in this Act) to the participate in the program will send teams Secretary for transmittal to the Congress; STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT of teachers, counselors, school administra­ and In recent months, there have been stories tors, students, and community leaders to be (5) evaluate prograxns and projects carried about two heroin addicts that starkly 11- trained at selected university centers. The out under this Act and disseminate the re­ lustrwted the ominous nature of the nar­ Office of Education estimates that 300 per­ sults of such evaluations. cot.ics problexns. Like many addicts, one of sons Will get this intensive training. The (b) The Advisory COmmittee on Drug them not only used the drug, but sold it. universities wlll draw heavily upon regional Abuse Education shall be appointed by the Their stories were, in fact, different from resources in drug education and will utilize Secretary without regard to the civil service those of other drug addicts in only one ma­ curriculuxn materials particularly suitable laws and shall consist of twenty-one mem­ jor aspeot: each was only twelve years old. for their areas. bers. The Secretary shall appoint one mem­ One boy is now being treated for addiction In the fall these teaxns will tour their ber as Chairman. The Committee shall con­ at a clinic. The other died from an overdose home states to train additional teachers, ad­ sist of persons familiar with education, men­ of heroin. ministrat ors, stude:c.ts. and community tal health, and legal problems associa.ted Drug addiction among school age youth leaders drawn from every local school dis­ with drug abuse, young persons, ex-users, is increasing at an alarming rate. Although trict in the State. In all, these workshops April 29, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 13535 will be attended by about 150,000 teachers 4. Expanded drug abuse prevention adver­ the Office of Education and will be available and 75,000 students and community leaders. tising campaign--In cooperation with the through the newly created _National Clear­ The people so trained will thus be capable media, and the Advertising Council, Inc., inghouse for Drug Abuse Information. of presenting the fundamental facts for a the National Institute of Mental Health Materials for professionals in health and drug education program to every school dis­ launched an all-media advertising program social agencies will also be developed and trict in the country. in April 1969. Facts about the dangers of disseminated. Finally, in the spring of 1971 the National abusing drugs were the basis for a series The supplemental program will be imple­ Action Committee will sponsor a series of re­ of television and radio spot announcements, mented through contra{:ts to be awarded gional conferences to evaluate the effective­ magazine and newspaper advertisements, prior to June 30, 1970. ness of the program and plan next steps. outdoor billboards, transit cards, and posters. 6. National Institute of Mental Health. 2. The National Clearinghouse tor Drug Because of the importance of the prob­ Marihuana Contract Program--The National Abuse Information-The National Clearing­ lem of drug abuse, the Administration asked Institute of Mental Health marihuana re­ house for Drug Abuse Information will be the Advertising Council to make a drug search program for fiscal year 1970 will be created to give the public one central office abuse program one of its major campaigns in accelerated as a result of supplemental fund­ to contact for help. The Clearinghouse will 1970. Three Federal agencies have each allo­ ing in the amount of $1,000,000. collect and disseminate materials and data cated $50,000 annually to fund production The program, which will be developed taken not only from Federal programs but costs for a wide range of new advertising through contracts, has four major objec­ from appropriate private and state and local messages. The agencies are the Department tives: projects. For example the Clearinghouse of Defense; Health, Education and Welfare; 1. Ascertain the consequences of long-term will make available material on drug educa­ and Justice. use of marihuana in humans; tion curricula that are already being used in The advertisements are being prepared on 2. Determine the effects of ma.rihuana on various cities and states around the coun­ a non-profit basis by Compton Advertising, driving and other skilled acts; try. The Clearinghouse will also maintain a Inc., of New York. Compton is participating 3. Continue and accelerate studies to de­ computer data bank on a wide variety of as a volunteer agency of the Advertising termine pharmacological properties of mari­ drug abuse programs thali will enable the Council, Inc., a public service organization huana, its toxicity, and effects on biology Government to give much more detailed an­ supported by American business, advertising and behavior of animals and humans; swers to queries than is possible under the and the media. 4. Continue and accelerate production and present decentralized system. The initial phase of a three-year program supply of marihuana in its various forms to The first publication to go into the Clear­ will be a preventive program aimed at ele­ competent investigators. inghouse will be a book entitled A Federal mentary and junior high school children. Studies of chronic use will be conducted Source Book: Answers to the Most Frequently Relying mainly on television, the commer­ in foreign countries where marihuana and Asked Question About Drug Abuse. This cial messages are short and direct. Animated hashish have long been in use. Under con­ book, which presents the latest factual in­ cartoons are now in production. Additional sideration are selected Latin-American coun­ formation about drug abuse, was produced commercials, advertisements and posters tries, Greece, India and Israel. Some $260,000 cooperatively by the Departments of Justice; are designed to reach high school and has been allocated for such studies. Health, Education and Welfare; Defense; and college youth. Studies will also be made on effect~~ of Labor; and the Office of Economic Opportu­ Specific anti-drug messages for parents, marihuana on perception and reaction time, nity. This is the first time that all of the inner city audiences and members of the related to driving and other sk111ed acts. concerned Federal departments and agencies arm.ed forces are also being developed. Effects on driving will be tested through use have pooled their knowledge in such a man­ Supporting the mass media campaign will of a driving simulator. Some $189,000 has ner on drug abuse. The book will eventually be an extensive program to disseminate fac­ been earmarked for such research. be distributed in the millions. Single copies tual information. Several new films are just Shon and long-term toxicity studies to will be made available through the Clearing­ being completed. One of them, "Here's Help," determine the effects of marihuana on ani­ house in May. a 28-minute color film which presents in­ mals and subsequently on man will be Inquiries handled by the Clearinghouse in formation on treatment and rehabilitation funded in the amount of $126,000. its first year of operation are expected to for drug addicts, will be released to television Pharmacological screening, as a prelimi­ amount to more than half a milllon. During stations in May. Another, "A Day in the nary step toward determining the site and this first year the Clearinghouse is expected Death of Donny B.," also scheduled for re­ mechanism of action of marihuana on the to distribute over five million pamphlets and lease in May, documents the heroin problem body, will be undertaken ($140,000); as well wm stimulate bulk sales through the Gov­ in the inner city. as biochemical studies to determine effects ernment Printing Office of many millions These filmS will be part of the collection of marihuana on normal physiologic func­ more. of educational films distributed on free loan tioning, including impact on the brain and The Clearinghouse, operated by the De­ by the: nervous system ($65,000). partment of Health, Education and Welfare's National Institute of Mental Health Drug Methods !or synthesizing the euphoria­ National Institute of Mental Health for the Abuse Film Collection, Distribution Branch, producing elements in marihuana (delta-8 Federal Government, will begin operations National AudiovisUal Center (GSA), Wash­ and delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol) have with sixteen employees, and a yearly budget ington, D.C. 20409. been developed under previous contracts. of almost $700,000. The Clearinghouse will 5. Intensified Professional Training in Pre­ The supplemental program will make pos­ begin providing services in April of this year vention and Treatment of Drug Abuse-The sible the production or· sufficient supplies of and wm become fully operational in the fall. National Institute of Mental Health is ac­ these substances, including radioactive ma­ Address of the Clearinghouse will be: celerating its training activities in drug abuse terials, to meet research needs ($95,000). National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse In­ prevention, treatment and rehabilitation In addition, the current program to grow formation, 5454 Wisconsin Avenue, Chevy with supplemental funding of $1,000,000 in different varieties of marihuana under con­ Chase, Maryland 20015. trolled conditions will be enlarged by $125,- fiscal1970. 000, in order to assure adequate research sup­ 3. Law Enforcement Assistance Adminis­ The Institute is establishing !our major tration Drug Program--The Law Enforce­ plies of plants of known genetic background areas for intensive training activities: and purity. ment Assistance has made available up to $10 1. Training of professional and para-pro­ million to large cities in the United States The Administration's new program to fight fessionals working or planning to work in drug abuse that is being announced today for programs including drug education. Un­ the drug field; der Section 306 of the Omnibus Crime Con­ 1s being directed by the Ad Hoc Committee 2. Training of health and social service on Drug Abuse, which is chaired by Charles trol and Safe Streets Act of 1968 the Law personnel to counsel drug abusers; Enforcement Assistance Administration may B. (Bud) Wilkinson, Special Consultant to allocate in its discretion 15% of its total 3. Preparation of innovative training ma­ the President. appropriation for action. For Fiscal Year '70, terials for teachers; and The membership of the committee includes this amount is $32.5 million. $10 million of 4. Development and dissemination of ma­ John E. Ingersoll, Director of the Bureau of this has been set aside for 112 cities which terials for practicing health professionals. Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs; Dr. Stanley can qualify for up to $250,000. To qualify, a Priority projects will include four-week F. Yolles, Director o:r the National Institute city may elect one of seven categories or training courses combining didactic and o! Mental Health; and representatives of the projects, one of which is for drug education. clinical training, to be held at four special­ Omce of Economic Opportunity and the De­ In addition, the Law Enforcement Assist­ ized training centers attached to community partments of Defense; Health, Education and ance Administration has set aside another treatment facilities, for persons working in Welfare; and Labor. $350,000 !or Metropolitan drug enforcement drug abuse treatment or rehabilitation. It is The objectives of the Committee are: programs which must include educational anticipated that this program will train 720 To improve existing programs and mate­ expertise as a component part. people at a cost of $500,000. rials on drug abuse. Detailed in.form.ation may be obtained Another program involves short-term or To improve methods of ma.k.ing material from the Law Enforcement Assistance Ad­ continuing education courses designed to on drug abuse available to the public. ministration, Office of Law Enforcement enable 1,000 key health personnel to obtain To improve coordination of efforts of de­ Programs, 633 Indiana Avenue, N.W., Wash­ training at a cost of $200,000. partments and agencies concerned with drug ington, D.C. 20530. However all applications Approximately $200,000 wlll be allocated abuse. must be coordinated with the state plan­ for the production o:r films, audiovisuals, To improve upon and seek new ways con­ ning agency which exists in each jurisdic­ tapes, guides and resource books !or teachers. cerned groups o:r citizens can fight drug tion under the authority of the Governor. These will be distributed in cooperation with abuse. CXVI--852-Part 10