HOLT McDOUGAL LITERATURE
Language Handbook Additional Practice in Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics GRADE 10
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Table of Contents
To the Teacher ...... ix
Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech
Worksheet 1 Identifying Common and Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives ...... 1 Worksheet 2 Identifying and Using Pronouns ...... 2 Worksheet 3 Recognizing and Labeling Verbs ...... 3 Worksheet 4 Identifying and Using Adverbs ...... 4 Worksheet 5 Identifying Prepositions, Prepositional Phrases, and Adverbs ...... 5 Worksheet 6 Identifying and Using Conjunctions and Interjections ...... 6 Worksheet 7 Determining the Parts of Speech ...... 7 Worksheet 8 Test ...... 8
Language Handbook 2 Agreement
Worksheet 1 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree ...... 9 Worksheet 2 Using Correct Subject-Verb Agreement ...... 11 Worksheet 3 Ensuring Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns and Compound Subjects ...... 12 Worksheet 4 Ensuring Subject and Verb Agreement ...... 13 Worksheet 5 Ensuring Agreement When the Verb Precedes the Subject ...... 15 Worksheet 6 More Subject-Verb Agreement Problems ...... 16 Worksheet 7 Ensuring Agreement Between Pronouns and Antecedents ...... 17 Worksheet 8 Using Correct Pronouns with Antecedents . . . . . 18 Worksheet 9 Test ...... 19
Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs
Worksheet 1 Using Irregular Verbs Correctly ...... 21 Worksheet 2 Using the Past and Past Participles of Irregular Verbs ...... 22 © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin Worksheet 3 Distinguishing Between Lie and Lay and Sit and Set ...... 23
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Worksheet 4 Distinguishing Between Rise and Raise, Lie and Lay, and Sit and Set ...... 24 Worksheet 5 Writing the Correct Verb Tense ...... 25 Worksheet 6 Avoiding Needless Changes in Tense ...... 27 Worksheet 7 Using Active and Passive Voice ...... 28 Worksheet 8 Test ...... 29
Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns
Worksheet 1 Using the Nominative Case ...... 30 Worksheet 2 Using the Objective Case ...... 31 Worksheet 3 Using Pronouns in Pairs ...... 32 Worksheet 4 Classifying Pronouns by Case, Person, and Number ...... 33 Worksheet 5 Special Pronoun Problems ...... 34 Worksheet 6 Ensuring Clear Pronoun Reference ...... 35 Worksheet 7 Test ...... 36
Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers
Worksheet 1 Choosing Between Adjectives and Adverbs . . . . . 38 Worksheet 2 Using Modifiers with Linking Verbs ...... 39 Worksheet 3 Using Different Forms of Modifiers to Show Comparison ...... 40 Worksheet 4 Using Different Forms of Modifiers to Show Comparison ...... 41 Worksheet 5 Using Modifiers in Comparisons ...... 42 Worksheet 6 Avoiding Double Negatives ...... 43 Worksheet 7 Avoiding Dangling Modifiers ...... 44 Worksheet 8 Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers ...... 45 Worksheet 9 Revising Misplaced Modifiers ...... 46 Worksheet 10 Test ...... 47
Language Handbook 6 Phrases
Worksheet 1 Identifying Prepositional Phrases ...... 49 © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin Worksheet 2 Using and Identifying Adjective Phrases ...... 50 Worksheet 3 Using and Identifying Adverb Phrases ...... 51 Worksheet 4 Identifying Participles and Participial Phrases . . . 52
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Worksheet 5 Identifying Gerunds, Gerund Phrases, Infinitives, and Infinitive Phrases ...... 53 Worksheet 6 Identifying Gerunds, Gerund Phrases, Infinitives, Infinitive Phrases, and Infinitive Clauses ...... 54 Worksheet 7 Identifying Appositives and Appositive Phrases . . 55 Worksheet 8 Test ...... 56
Language Handbook 7 Clauses
Worksheet 1 Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses ...... 58 Worksheet 2 Identifying Adjective Clauses ...... 59 Worksheet 3 Identifying and Using Adverb Clauses ...... 60 Worksheet 4 Using Adverb Clauses ...... 61 Worksheet 5 Identifying Noun Clauses ...... 62 Worksheet 6 Identifying Clauses ...... 63 Worksheet 7 Test ...... 64
Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure
Worksheet 1 Identifying Sentences and Fragments ...... 67 Worksheet 2 Identifying Subjects and Predicates ...... 68 Worksheet 3 Identifying and Using Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs ...... 69 Worksheet 4 Finding the Subject and the Predicate of a Sentence ...... 70 Worksheet 5 Identifying and Using Complements ...... 71 Worksheet 6 Identifying Direct and Indirect Objects ...... 72 Worksheet 7 Classifying Sentences by Purpose ...... 73 Worksheet 8 Recognizing Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences ...... 74 Worksheet 9 Test ...... 75
Language Handbook 9 Writing Complete Sentences
Worksheet 1 Identifying Sentence Fragments ...... 78 © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin Worksheet 2 Identifying and Correcting Sentence Fragments . 79 Worksheet 3 Making Complete Sentences ...... 80 Worksheet 4 Identifying and Revising Run-on Sentences . . . . . 81
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Worksheet 5 Test ...... 83
Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
Worksheet 1 Using Adjectives,Adverbs, and Prepositional Phrases to Combine Sentences ...... 85 Worksheet 2 Using Participial Phrases to Combine Sentences . 86 Worksheet 3 Using Participial Phrases to Combine Sentences . 87 Worksheet 4 Using Participial Phrases to Combine Sentences . 88 Worksheet 5 Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases to Combine Sentences ...... 89 Worksheet 6 Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases to Combine Sentences ...... 90 Worksheet 7 Using Subjects,Verbs, and Independent Clauses to Combine Sentences ...... 91 Worksheet 8 Using Subjects,Verbs, and Independent Clauses to Combine Sentences ...... 92 Worksheet 9 Using Adjective Clauses to Combine Sentences . . 93 Worksheet 10 Using Adjective Clauses to Combine Sentences . . 94 Worksheet 11 Using Adverb Clauses to Combine Sentences . . . 95 Worksheet 12 Using Noun Clauses to Combine Sentences . . . . 96 Worksheet 13 Using Parallel Structure ...... 97 Worksheet 14 Rewriting Stringy and Wordy Sentences ...... 99 Worksheet 15 Varying Sentence Structures and Sentence Beginnings ...... 101 Worksheet 16 Test ...... 102
Language Handbook 11 Capitalization
Worksheet 1 Using Capital Letters Correctly ...... 106 Worksheet 2 Capitalizing Proper Nouns, School Subjects, and Titles ...... 107 Worksheet 3 Using Capitals Correctly ...... 108 Worksheet 4 Test ...... 110
Language Handbook 12 Punctuation © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Worksheet 1 Using End Marks ...... 111 Worksheet 2 Using Commas in Series ...... 112
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Worksheet 3 Using Commas to Separate Adjectives and to Join Independent Clauses ...... 113 Worksheet 4 Using Commas to Distinguish Essential from Nonessential Clauses ...... 114 Worksheet 5 Using Commas ...... 116 Worksheet 6 Using Commas Correctly ...... 118 Worksheet 7 Using Commas, Semicolons, and Colons ...... 119 Worksheet 8 Test ...... 121
Language Handbook 13 Punctuation
Worksheet 1 Using Italics ...... 124 Worksheet 2 Punctuating Direct Quotations ...... 125 Worksheet 3 Punctuating Split Quotations ...... 127 Worksheet 4 Punctuating Dialogue ...... 129 Worksheet 5 Using Quotation Marks ...... 130 Worksheet 6 Test ...... 131
Language Handbook 14 Punctuation
Worksheet 1 Using Apostrophes to Form Possessives ...... 134 Worksheet 2 Placing Apostrophes ...... 135 Worksheet 3 Identifying Where Apostrophes Are Needed . . . 136 Worksheet 4 Using Apostrophes in Possessives and in Contractions ...... 137 Worksheet 5 Using Apostrophes for Contractions ...... 138 Worksheet 6 Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses ...... 139 Worksheet 7 Test ...... 140
Language Handbook 15 Spelling
Worksheet 1 Using Word Parts ...... 143 Worksheet 2 Using Spelling Rules ...... 144 Worksheet 3 Adding Prefixes and Suffixes ...... 145 Worksheet 4 Forming Plurals of Nouns ...... 146 Worksheet 5 Forming Plurals of Nouns ...... 147 © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin Worksheet 6 Test ...... 148
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Language Handbook 16 Glossary of Usage
Worksheet 1 Common Usage Problems ...... 150 Worksheet 2 Common Usage Problems ...... 151 Worksheet 3 Test ...... 152 © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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To the Teacher
his booklet, Language Handbook, contains practice and reinforcement Tcopying masters that cover the material presented in the Grammar Handbook section of the Student Edition.The worksheets reinforce the grammar, usage, and mechanics rules and instruction covered in the Grammar Handbook.Tests at the end of each section can be used either for assessment or as end-of-section reviews.
A separate Answer Key for the Language Handbook provides answers or suggested responses to all items in this booklet. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech
WORKSHEET 1 Identifying Common and Proper Nouns and Proper Adjectives
Exercise A Identify the italicized nouns in the following paragraph as proper or common. On the line provided, write P for proper or C for common.
EXAMPLE Annie Smith Peck’s mountain-climbing [1] career __C__ lasted forty years.
[1] Annie Smith Peck _____ was one of the foremost mountain climbers of her time. In 1895 she became the third [2] woman _____ to climb the Matterhorn in the Swiss Alps. Later she climbed [3] Mount Shasta _____ in California and Mount Orizaba in [4] Mexico _____. Determined to set a [5] record _____, Peck traveled to [6] Peru _____ to attempt to climb Huascarán. She did not reach the [7] summit _____ on her first try, but she returned in 1908. Peck was fifty-eight years old when she finally conquered [8] Huascarán _____. With this [9] achievement _____, she set the record for the highest climb in the Western Hemisphere. This adventurous woman continued traveling and climbing [10] mountains _____ well into her eighties.
Exercise B Underline each adjective in the following sentences. Then, circle the proper adjectives. Not all sentences contain proper adjectives.
EXAMPLE 1. Christina has learned a great deal about Greek traditions from her grandfather.
1. Vietnamese spring rolls are rolled in thin wrappers made from rice. 2. The exhausted hikers set up camp in a clearing near a lake. 3. The arena was filled to capacity with enthusiastic fans waiting for tip-off. 4. After invading Spaniards defeated the Aztecs in 1521, Mexico became a Spanish colony. 5. Because they are based on the Hebrew calendar, Jewish holidays occur on different dates each year on the Gregorian calendar. 6. An obedient dog is the result of hours of training by a patient and sensitive owner. 7. The tragedies of Christopher Marlowe, an Elizabethan playwright, are each about a strong main character. 8. The hot-air balloons made a dazzling sight as they rose into the sky. 9. The guppy is a tropical fish native to the fresh waters of the West Indies and South America. 10. The Old Point Loma Lighthouse in San Diego honors Portuguese explorer Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech WORKSHEET 2 Identifying and Using Pronouns
Exercise A For each of the following sentences, identify the italicized pronoun by type. On the line provided, write PERS for personal, REFL for reflexive, INT for intensive, DEM for demonstrative, INTER for interrogative, REL for relative, or INDEF for indefinite.
EXAMPLE ___REFL___ 1. After finishing his homework, Ernesto treated himself to a snack.
______1. Has anyone seen a blue-and-white umbrella? ______2. Mr. Pekarcik has decided to lead the panel discussion himself. ______3. In some Hopi ceremonies, male dancers wear masks that represent their ancestors. ______4. Have you ever asked yourself what you can do to help save an endangered species? ______5. These are the hats the actors will be wearing in the school play. ______6. Kwanzaa, which is based on a traditional African festival, was developed in the 1960s by Maulana Karenga. ______7. Who can explain the difference between a typhoon and a cyclone? ______8. Wyatt thanked his sister for driving him home from soccer practice. ______9. Sachi is a friend upon whom I can always rely. ______10. In most games, Coach Miltos gives everyone on the team a chance to play.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with an appropriate pronoun.
EXAMPLE 1. Mrs. Tallchief has gone to Kansas City to visit ___her___ daughter.
1. I wanted to borrow ______of the books, but I had to choose just one. 2. The players were proud of ______for winning a tough game. 3. Is ______the most recent issue of this magazine? 4. ______of the rivers forms most of the border between the United States and Mexico? 5. The rumba, ______originated in Africa, developed into its modern form in Cuba. 6. Janelle cooked the entire meal ______, and the guests were impressed. 7. Gwendolyn Brooks is best known for her poetry, but ______also has written a novel and an autobiography. 8. Each student ______is running for student council may display campaign posters on the
cafeteria bulletin board. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 9. The mountain bikers were tired but relaxed after ______long ride. 10. Ms. Batista asked ______on the decorating committee to arrive one hour early.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech WORKSHEET 3 Recognizing and Labeling Verbs
Exercise A Underline all of the verbs in the following sentences. Make sure you include the helping verbs. Be careful not to underline any word that interrupts the verb phrase (such as not, never, surely, always). Some of the sentences contain more than one verb.
EXAMPLE 1. George Washington Carver chose to remain at the Tuskegee Institute, although he could have made $100,000 a year working for Thomas Edison.
1. George Washington Carver was a great agricultural chemist. 2. He made discoveries that improved the agriculture of the South. 3. As a boy, he often rambled about the countryside, where he would study the ways of plants and animals. 4. Carver fought against poverty and prejudice and finally attained his education. 5. He worked his way through high school and college. 6. Carver’s laboratory was in Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. 7. When the boll weevil threatened the cotton crop, Carver suggested that farmers plant peanuts. 8. Farmers followed his advice and were soon producing more peanuts than they could sell. 9. When he responded to this new problem, Carver discovered over three hundred commercial uses for the peanut. 10. He also performed wonders with the sweet potato, from which flour, rubber, ink, and molasses can now be produced.
Exercise B Identify the italicized verb in each sentence. On the line provided, write AV for action verb, LV for linking verb, or HV for helping verb.
EXAMPLE __HV__ 1. The career of the folk singer Joan Baez has spanned several decades.
______1. Joan Baez was born in New York City in 1941. ______2. Her father, a physicist and educator, worked at Harvard University. ______3. Some of his folk-singer friends in Boston taught Joan to play the guitar. ______4. Baez began her career in Boston coffeehouses in the late 1950s. ______5. Baez performed at the Newport, Rhode Island, Folk Festival a number of times. ______6. Soon several record companies offered to produce her first album. ______7. During the 1960s, Baez became well known for her traditional folk ballads. ______8. Young people were inspired by her rendition of “We Shall Overcome.” © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______9. Diamonds and Rust, released in 1975, remains Baez’s best-known album. ______10. During the 1998 Newport Folk Festival Tour, Baez sang in fourteen cities.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech WORKSHEET 4 Identifying and Using Adverbs
Exercise A In each blank in the following sentences, write an adverb that modifies the verb by answering the question in parentheses. Do not use the same adverb more than once.
EXAMPLE 1. Tae kwon do ____currently____ ranks as one of the most popular martial arts. (When?)
1. The children ______seem hungry. (When?) 2. We ______moved to a larger apartment. (When?) 3. I stepped ______to bring in the paper. (Where?) 4. Our neighbors moved ______last week. (Where?) 5. One should read directions ______. (How?) 6. Barika plays ______for her age. (How?) 7. We should watch this video ______. (When?) 8. The gas tank was leaking ______. (To what extent?) 9. Leslie ______clasped the tuna roll with her chopsticks. (How?) 10. My friend Chim speaks ______about the benefits of recycling. (How?)
Exercise B In each blank in the following sentences, insert an adverb before each italicized adjective or adverb to specify to what extent or how much. Do not use the same adverb more than once.
EXAMPLE 1. Typing is a(n) ____extremely____ useful skill.
1. Delia will need ______better grades to get into college. 2. The water was ______cold for swimming. 3. Andy throws a(n) ______fast curve. 4. This story ends ______cleverly. 5. The pozole was ______spicy that I couldn’t eat it.
Exercise C Each of the following sentences contains two adverbs. Underline each adverb, and draw an arrow from the adverb to the verb, adjective, or other adverb that it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. I returned from San Francisco early yesterday.
1. I have never had a more exciting vacation. 2. San Francisco is surely the most attractive American city.
3. A modern city seldom has such old-fashioned charm. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 4. I frequently went to the theater there. 5. The productions were always very professional.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech
WORKSHEET 5 Identifying Prepositions, Prepositional Phrases, and Adverbs Exercise A Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
EXAMPLE 1. The band marched ______across______the field.
1. The baker put the bread ______the oven. 2. The Mexican American poet Alurista is also an author ______children’s books. 3. The plane flew ______the clouds. 4. We pitched our tent ______two large rocks. 5. We rise early every day ______Sunday. 6. Do you want your sandwich ______or ______mustard? 7. This is a story ______prison inmates who train guide dogs. 8. The ball was easily stopped as it rolled slowly ______the goal. 9. The argument occurred ______the meeting. 10. The Indian Nirayana horoscope is based ______the movements of the moon.
Exercise B Underline each prepositional phrase in the following paragraph.
EXAMPLE [1] Mr. Velarde told us a story about some confused travelers.
[1] Two travelers who had never seen any fireflies came to this country and stopped at a hotel. [2] They were soon attacked by huge mosquitoes that had entered through a break in the screen. [3] The unhappy travelers turned the lights out and crawled under the sheets. [4] After a few minutes, one of the men peeked out and saw a firefly across the room. [5] “It’s no use,” he groaned. “Now they are looking for us with lanterns.”
Exercise C Identify each italicized word in the following sentences. In the space above the italicized word, write PREP for preposition or ADV for adverb.
ADV EXAMPLES 1. Bianca and Cliff are waiting outside. PREP 2. They will be waiting outside the gymnasium.
1. An ambulance streaked past and wailed down the street. 2. An ambulance streaked past our house. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 3. Carla had told me this joke before. 4. Carla had told me this joke before class. 5. People gathered around to watch the Chilkat dancers.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech
WORKSHEET 6 Identifying and Using Conjunctions and Interjections Exercise A Circle each conjunction in the following sentences, and underline the words or groups of words that the conjunction connects. Then, identify the conjunction by type. On the line provided, write COORD for coordinating, CORREL for correlative, or SUB for subordinating.
EXAMPLES __COORD__ 1. Robert and Hiroshi presented their oral interpretation of a passage from the Aeneid. _ _SUB __ 2. After I cook dinner, you can wash the dishes. ______1. Phoebe will go to see any movie that stars either Robin Williams or Will Smith. ______2. I tried to help him, but he wouldn’t accept any assistance at all. ______3. The volleyball team will be going to the state tournament if they win tonight’s game. ______4. You can prepare the Spanish rice while the tamales are baking. ______5. The proposed new tax law has the support not only of the governor but also of many state legislators.
Exercise B On the lines provided, write an appropriate conjunction to complete each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. At the movie theater we snacked on popcorn ___and___ peanuts.
1. ______Julia ______Tamisha will be doing her oral report on the Harlem Renaissance. 2. The kite rose easily at first ______then dropped lifelessly as the wind suddenly died down. 3. I can’t decide ______to look for a part-time job ______to continue volunteering at the animal shelter. 4. Be sure to use proper form and timing ______you serve the tennis ball. 5. Baseball ______soccer are popular spectator sports in Japan.
Exercise C Underline the interjection in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Ouch! I think I just got stung by a wasp!
1. Is that—oh, my—a baby bobcat? 2. Hey! Look out for that branch! 3. Aw, don’t be so harsh with him.
4. Wow! What a great achievement this is! © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 5. It’s finally time to eat. Hooray!
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech WORKSHEET 7 Determining the Parts of Speech
Exercise In the space above each italicized word in the following sentences, write the part of speech of that word. Use the following abbreviations: N for noun; PRON for pronoun; ADJ for adjective; V for verb; ADV for adverb; PREP for preposition; CONJ for conjunction; and INT for interjection.
V EXAMPLES 1. Mr. Weinberg spices his lentil soup with cumin. N 2. In Mexican cooking, the spices are often roasted.
1. Theo’s father owns an oil well in New Mexico. 2. After he recovered from his illness, Franklin felt well. 3. My sister can play tennis very well. 4. Tears well in my eyes when I chop onions. 5. Well! That taco was delicious! 6. Is the main printer connected to each computer? 7. I want each of you to congratulate yourself. 8. Tamara’s answers are usually right. 9. Would you please right the overturned pot?
10. She arrived at the library around 3:00 P.M. 11. You may turn your desk around now. 12. In the storm we got soaked through. 13. A through flight goes to Lima tomorrow morning. 14. Will Grandma stay in Florida through the winter? 15. If you walk for an hour every day, you will become more fit. 16. Amber was excited, for she had just been hired to baby-sit with the Thompson children. 17. The girls’ basketball team came back on the bus. 18. I will back him for student council president. 19. Clay has always loved the spring flowers. 20. Will this spring hold the latch closed? 21. Our dog will spring at a stranger. 22. A few students have read “The Gift of the Magi.”
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 23. Many people enter races but few win. 24. So! You’ve been hiding. 25. The last customer left, so we closed the shop.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 1 The Parts of Speech WORKSHEET 8 Test
Exercise A In the space above each italicized word in the following paragraph, write the part of speech of that word. Use the following abbreviations: N for noun; PRON for pronoun; ADJ for adjective; V for verb; ADV for adverb; PREP for preposition; CONJ for conjunction; and INT for interjection.
PRON PREP ADJ N EXAMPLES [1] I have worked [2] in the [3] sandwich shop for six [4] months.
The person [1] behind the counter of a sandwich [2] shop meets [3] all [4] sorts of people
[5] during the day’s work. [6] One customer [7] who comes [8] in daily [9] at noon [10] always
orders a peach smoothie [11] and a tuna sandwich, [12] but he never [13] fails to ask first,
[14] “Hey, what [15] kinds of smoothies do you have?” [16] He then asks a [17] similar question
about the sandwiches. I often [18] wonder if he [19] is [20] lonesome and likes to hear
[21] someone talk or, perhaps, has a faint [22] hope that someday I will announce a
[23] completely new [24] flavor [25] or sandwich.
Exercise B On the line provided, write the part of speech of each italicized word in the following paragraph. Use the following abbreviations: N for noun, PRON for pronoun, ADJ for adjective, V for verb, ADV for adverb, PREP for preposition, or CONJ for conjunction.
EXAMPLES A tree frog, as the name suggests, [1] spends ___V___ most of [2] its __PRON__ time in trees.
Tree frogs, [1] which ______are common [2] in ______North and South America, range in [3] size ______from less than one inch to about [4] five ______inches long. The [5] sticky ______pads on their feet [6] help ______them climb trees [7] and ______leap from limb to limb. Tree frogs [8] are ______[9] more ______often heard [10] than ______[11] they ______are seen, but the sound is difficult to locate even [12] when ______it is nearby. Types of tree frogs called [13] peepers ______, which live in the [14] eastern ______half of [15] North America ______, can [16] usually ______be heard in the early spring. Male peepers make a [17] high-pitched ______sound to attract females. They [18] sometimes ______form a large, noisy group called a chorus. In the summer other kinds of tree frogs living
in woodlands give [19] their ______calls in the evenings or [20] before ______a rainfall. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement WORKSHEET 1 Making Subjects and Verbs Agree
Exercise A On the line provided, rewrite each of the following pairs of subjects and verbs in the plural form.
EXAMPLE 1. dog barks __dogs bark______
1. baby cries 2. wind gusts 3. squirrel chatters 4. flower grows 5. band plays 6. boat sails 7. lion roars 8. sea gull flies 9. girl sings 10. day begins
Exercise B On the line provided, rewrite each of the following pairs of subjects and verbs in the singular form.
EXAMPLE 1. cars start ___car starts ______
1. children run 2. storms howl 3. owls hoot 4. trees sway 5. secretaries file 6. gliders soar 7. geese honk 8. pitchers throw 9. windows shine 10. clocks tick © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Worksheet 1 (continued)
Exercise C Rewrite each of the following sentences on the lines provided. Change the singular subjects to plural and the plural subjects to singular. Be sure to make each verb agree with its subject. You may need to add an article (a, an, or the) to some subjects.
EXAMPLES 1. The comedian laughs. ___The comedians laugh. ______2. Astronauts are highly trained. __The astronaut is highly trained.
1. Moira’s aunt bakes bread. ______
2. Meteorologists predict the weather. ______
3. The lock is jammed. ______
4. Cousin Tony’s child speaks Spanish. ______
5. The flowers bloom in June. ______
6. They compete in races. ______
7. Whooping cranes are endangered. ______
8. The pagoda has eight sides. ______
9. The dancers are moving gracefully. ______
10. She likes tortellini. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement WORKSHEET 2 Using Correct Subject-Verb Agreement
Exercise A Underline the subject in each of the following sentences. Then, underline the verb form in parentheses that agrees in number with its subject.
EXAMPLE 1. The goal of the team (comes, come) first.
1. The spring rolls, not the sour fish soup, (appear, appears) first on the menu. 2. Our supply of towels ( goes, go) very fast. 3. The reasons for his success (is, are) easy to see. 4. The list of winners (impresses, impress) all of us. 5. The uses of aluminum (is, are) various. 6. This book about the rain forests (have, has) many beautiful photographs. 7. The guacamole mix together with the bowl (costs, cost) $2.50. 8. The rivalry between the two towns (is, are) very keen. 9. Mario, along with his sisters, (loves, love) going to the Jacob Lawrence exhibit. 10. The effects of sunburn (sneaks, sneak) up on me every summer. 11. The shells on this beach (is, are) mostly small and smooth. 12. This collection of stories ( gets, get) my highest recommendation. 13. Daudi, not his parents, (buys, buy) most of his school supplies. 14. The abilities of this child (astonishes, astonish) everyone. 15. A booklet with complete instructions (comes, come) with each kit. 16. The conditions in this hospital (requires, require) thorough investigation. 17. The noisy chattering of the sparrows (wakes, wake) me very early. 18. The drills in soccer (lasts, last) from one to two hours. 19. My parents, as well as my uncle, (owns, own) some Maria Martinez pottery. 20. The trees on the hillside ( prevents, prevent) soil erosion.
Exercise B For each of the following sentences, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees in number with its subject.
EXAMPLE 1. The blue curtains (was, were) a handsome addition to the room.
1. One of our greatest traffic problems, reckless drivers, ( frustrate, frustrates) even the experts. 2. Chicken pot stickers, a popular Chinese appetizer, (taste, tastes) delicious. 3. Her only source of income (come, comes) from odd jobs. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 4. The only evidence of the crime (seem, seems) hard to believe. 5. The use of too many capitals (is, are) as serious a mistake as using too few.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement
WORKSHEET 3 Ensuring Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns and Compound Subjects Exercise A Some of the following sentences contain errors in subject-verb agreement. If a sentence has an error, draw a line through the incorrect verb form and write the correct form on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLES ___have___ 1. Several of the tomato plants has new blossoms. ___ _C_ ___ 2. Both of my hamsters like to run in their wheel at night.
______1. Of course, all of the kittens in the litter need good homes. ______2. Do both of these dresses require dry cleaning? ______3. Everyone in the choir enjoy singing gospel music. ______4. Neither of the boys were on time for the yoga lesson. ______5. Several of the trees in the front yard needs pruning. ______6. Most of the dancers practices at least one hour each day. ______7. Unfortunately, none of the furniture has been shipped yet. ______8. Many of the children become drowsy during storytime. ______9. Each fall somebody at Mother’s office plan an outing to the Pueblo Cultural Center in Albuquerque. ______10. Nothing in these boxes are of any use to us.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with its subject or subjects.
EXAMPLE 1. Both the color print and the negative (has, have) been lost.
1. A short story and an excerpt of a novel by Ernest J. Gaines (appears, appear) in this literature collection. 2. Every Saturday, either Chen or his sisters (cleans, clean) the bathroom and kitchen. 3. Basil and oregano (is, are) key seasonings for this Italian dish. 4. Tani or Elbert (knows, know) the way to the flea market. 5. Neither the coach nor the players (wants, want) to lose another game. 6. Red beans and rice (is, are) the restaurant’s most famous dish. 7. Gabriela Sabatini and Arantxa Sanchez Vicario (is, are) Mimi’s favorite tennis players. 8. Picante sauce or bean dip ( goes, go) well with tortilla chips. 9. Neither Leroy nor his father (wants, want) to ride the train all the way to Arkansas. 10. At the end of the week, Floyd or Ruben (takes, take) the newspapers to the recycling center. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
12 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_01 6/1/09 6:18 PM Page 13
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement WORKSHEET 4 Ensuring Subject and Verb Agreement
Exercise A Rewrite each of the following sentences on the lines provided. Change the singular subjects to plural and the plural subjects to singular. Be sure to make each verb agree with its subject. You may need to change other words in the sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. The peaches don’t look ripe. ___The peach doesn’t look ripe. ____
1. The windows in the bedroom don’t open. ______
2. This key doesn’t work in this lock. ______
3. Don’t they cost much? ______
4. These pens don’t write well. ______
5. This Mimbres bowl doesn’t fit on the shelf. ______
6. Don’t they like adventure movies? ______
7. The color doesn’t fade easily. ______
8. The couch doesn’t look modern. ______
9. Those movie titles don’t sound very exciting. ______
10. These enchiladas don’t have enough sauce. ______
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with its subject.
EXAMPLE 1. The invading army (has, have) surrounded the city.
1. The audience quickly (takes, take) their seats as the house lights dim.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 2. The band (loads, load) their instruments in the bus with care. 3. After each basket by the home team, the crowd (roars, roar). 4. The staff (has, have) organized a picnic for the second week in June.
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Worksheet 4 (continued)
5. Our team (wins, win) most of the close games. 6. The jury (was, were) arguing among themselves. 7. One by one, the flock of geese (is, are) landing on the crystal clear lake. 8. The faculty (has, have) all planned different events for Black History Month. 9. We hope that the chorus (knows, know) their parts well by now. 10. Her family often (dines, dine) at a nearby Indian restaurant famous for its curries.
Exercise C Underline the subject or subjects in each of the following sentences. Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with its subject or subjects.
EXAMPLE 1. The first item listed in this recipe (is,are) string beans.
1. Salted eggs (remain, remains) an important symbolic dish in the Seder meal. 2. Lemons (seems, seem) to be a good garnish for many fish dishes. 3. The pyramids of Egypt in Giza (is, are) one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. 4. The poems of Maya Angelou always (has, have) been an inspiration to me. 5. One memorable sight from our travels (was, were) the magnificent mountain ranges in Honshu, Japan. 6. One responsibility of car owners (continue, continues) to be regular oil changes. 7. Elia and Mauli ( place, places) first in the doubles tennis tournament. 8. Green bell peppers (is, are) an essential ingredient in Gordon’s stir fry. 9. Now, the two injured children (become, becomes) his immediate concern. 10. Fleas and ticks (appear, appears) to be an ongoing problem for many pet owners. 11. Soybeans (is, are) the source of tofu, a food product. 12. Laughter (stay, stays) a vital part of everyday life as long as you live. 13. A galley on boats and airplanes (is, are) a tiny, efficient kitchen. 14. To cats and gardeners, mockingbirds (seem, seems) a nuisance. 15. (Is, Are) most fruits and vegetables health foods? 16. On stage, Natalie (become, becomes) Miss Hannigan in every word and action. 17. The capital and largest city of Hawaii (is, are) Honolulu. 18. The state of Hawaii (consist, consists) of 132 islands. 19. Michael Jordan’s specialty and Karl Malone’s specialty (is, are) basketball. 20. Despite a lack of support, Mr. Watson (remain, remains) mayor for three more years. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement
WORKSHEET 5 Ensuring Agreement When the Verb Precedes the Subject Exercise A Underline the subject in each sentence. Then, underline the verb or contraction that agrees with the subject.
EXAMPLE 1. There (is, are) no curves in this road.
1. There (sit, sits) our dog and cat. 2. There (is, are) usually seven candles on a menorah. 3. Here (are, is) my plans for the summer. 4. There ( go, goes) all the buses. 5. Here (lies, lie) the bodies of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. 6. Here (comes, come) one of my favorite authors, Pat Mora. 7. There (weren’t, wasn’t) enough programs for everybody. 8. There (have been, has been) too many accidents lately. 9. Where (is, are) your seats for the ice-skating show? 10. How much (do, does) those pocket radios cost? 11. Where (are, is) the Pamunkey Indian Reservation? 12. (Is, Are) either of you going my way? 13. (Doesn’t, Don’t) those coats look expensive? 14. (Has, Have) any one of you ever hooked a sailfish? 15. (Does, Do) one of your brothers play the saxophone? 16. How much (does, do) one of those dogs eat? 17. (There’s, There are) three windows in my room. 18. (Where’s, Where are) those articles on Black History Month? 19. (Here’s, Here are) some fresh eggs for your family. 20. (There’s, There are) a bushel of apples on that tree.
Exercise B Rewrite each sentence, changing the italicized subject from singular to plural. You will need to change the verb, and you may need to change or delete other words, too.
EXAMPLE 1. There is a picture on the wall. There are pictures on the wall.______
1. Here’s your friend. 2. How much is the pumpkin? 3. Where’s my letter? © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 4. There goes the fire engine! 5. Is there a lemon for the punch?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement WORKSHEET 6 More Subject-Verb Agreement Problems
Exercise A Underline the correct verb in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Civics (is,are) a challenging and worthwhile course to take.
1. Twenty dollars (is, are) too much to pay for that blouse. 2. Mathematics (was, were) just one of Benjamin Banneker’s many interests. 3. Eight eggs (is, are) in the refrigerator. 4. Mumps (cause, causes) painful swelling of the glands in the throat. 5. Physics (was, were) the field in which Chen Ning Yang excelled. 6. Ten minutes (is, are) long enough for this quiz. 7. Economics (doesn’t, don’t) really interest me. 8. Three pounds of hamburger (makes, make) twelve big patties. 9. The 1900 Olympics (was, were) the first to include female athletes. 10. A hundred pounds (is, are) too much for you to lift.
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain errors in subject-verb agreement. If a sentence has an error, draw a line through the incorrect verb form and write the correct form on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLES ___C___ 1. Many a young actor has moved to Los Angeles in hopes of beginning an exciting career. __was__ 2. Dances with Wolves were directed by Kevin Costner.
______1. The Southwestern Association for Indian Arts sponsor the Santa Fe Indian Market each year. ______2. “St. Louis Blues” were the song that stopped the show. ______3. Every young girl and boy need positive role models. ______4. “Thoughts of Hanoi” has been added to the reading list. ______5. According to this article, Colorado Springs is located in the Rocky Mountains. ______6. The Netherlands have a democratic government based on a constitution. ______7. After the storm every able-bodied man, woman, and child were helping with the cleanup. ______8. Many a fine performer has graced the stage of this historical music hall. ______9. Gymnastics are an exciting part of the Olympics. ______10. “The Bells of Santa Cruz” was written by Nina Otero. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement
WORKSHEET 7 Ensuring Agreement Between Pronouns and Antecedents Exercise A Proofread each of the following sentences for errors in pronoun-antecedent agreement. Draw a line through any incorrect pronoun, and underline the antecedent. Then, write the correct pronoun on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLE ____it____ 1. A car rusts even if you don’t drive them.
______1. After we get an essay back, we must correct them. ______2. Before someone takes medicine, they should always read the label. ______3. Before you repeat stories, make sure that it really happened. ______4. Writer Dorothy West won several Boston Post prizes when she was a teenager. ______5. If somebody feels sleepy, they shouldn’t drive a car. ______6. If a child has bad manners, his or her parents may be to blame. ______7. If any students are interested in track, he should see Coach Lee. ______8. During World War II many Japanese Americans lost their homes and jobs. ______9. A pet cannot be healthy unless the owner feeds them properly. ______10. If you see one of the girls, ask them about the Spanish Club meeting.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with a pronoun or pair of pronouns that agree with the antecedent.
EXAMPLE 1. Whenever a person gets angry, _he or she_ should count to ten.
1. It’s easy to forget an assignment unless you write ______down. 2. Not a single customer has ever asked for ______money back. 3. The participants in the Papago rain ceremony have taken ______places. 4. If you tease a dog, ______might snap at you. 5. Whenever you are introduced to a person, always try to remember ______name.
Exercise C Underline the correct pronoun in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Leta is one person who takes pride in (her, their) work.
1. Anyone who wants to enter (his or her, their) artwork in the contest should speak to me after class. 2. The books that have red tape on (its, their) spines belong on the reserve shelf. 3. All who finish (his or her, their) assignments early may begin reading for tomorrow’s class. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 4. The players who push (himself or herself, themselves) hardest during practice will get to play in the game. 5. Any student who gets permission from (his or her, their) parents or guardian may go on the field trip.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement WORKSHEET 8 Using Correct Pronouns with Antecedents
Exercise A Proofread the following sentences for pronoun-antecedent agreement. Draw a line through any incorrect pronoun, and write the correct pronoun or pair of pronouns on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLE ___himself or herself___ 1. Everybody can make themselves an expert in some field.
______1. Everybody thinks that their own child is the most intelligent. ______2. Each of his sisters put themselves through engineering school. ______3. No one in his or her right mind would ever drive at that speed. ______4. One of my brothers might sell you their ticket to the Bulls’ game. ______5. Did either of those boys take their best friend to see the Elk Nation Singers? ______6. Either of these girls will lend you their notes. ______7. Somebody is doing their presentation on Vietnamese culture. ______8. Each of the boys should earn at least part of their spending money. ______9. Nobody should be made to feel that he or she must like poetry. ______10. Each of our fathers will contribute their favorite recipe to the cookbook.
Exercise B Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. A lion or a tiger will provide food for (its, their) young.
1. Neither Nancy nor Yolanda wanted to give (their, her) speech first. 2. Both Sachi and Jerome enjoyed (her, their) quesadillas. 3. If you have a complaint or a suggestion, tell the editor about (them, it). 4. After Akako borrowed my rod and net, she forgot to return (them, it). 5. Neither Ross nor Allan could persuade (himself, themselves) to try. 6. You can use my knife and fork as long as you wash (it, them). 7. If you break a cup or saucer, you can’t replace (them, it). 8. Carmen and one other girl ate (their, her) salads. 9. If there is a nut or a raisin in this salad, I can’t find (them, it). 10. Leonard and Renaldo are continuing (their, his) t’ai chi ch’uan lessons. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Agreement WORKSHEET 9 Test
Exercise A Most of the sentences in the following story contain one or more errors in agreement. Draw a line through each incorrect verb or pronoun, and write the correct form in the space above it.
has EXAMPLE [1] Many a student have rushed to get to school on time.
[1] The joy of early rising don’t mean much to Andy—especially when school days is concerned. [2] This morning his mother and his older sister has to wake him. [3] Showering and dressing ordinarily takes him about ten minutes, but this time one of his socks are missing. [4] Then there’s still a few things to be done before he can leave for school. [5] Every one of his books have to be collected from various nooks and corners, and neither his father nor his sister are willing to assist in the search. [6] His parents insist that a glass of milk and an apple is not a sufficient breakfast—that a person can’t do their best on an empty stomach—so he grudgingly bolts down a dish of hot cereal.
[7] Ten minutes are scarcely enough time to make his first-hour class—unless one of his friends come along in a car. [8] He looks down the street. [9] Neither Sam nor Lucia are in sight. [10] Beads of perspiration gathers on his brow as he thinks of explaining his tardiness to Ms. Kohari, his counselor, who will remind him that nobody can hold a job if they are late half the time.
[11] How lucky! [12] Here comes Lucia around the corner in her chugging “Zebra.” [13] Lucia’s old coupe with its red and green stripes and its rattling fenders are the joke of the school, but Andy is mighty glad to see it.
[14] When Lucia stops for a red light two blocks from school, the motor dies. [15] A little work with the spark plugs usually start it—but not today! [16] Someone soon comes along and gives her a push with their bumper. [17] Suddenly there’s several deafening explosions. [18] From the exhaust comes clouds of choking smoke. [19] Everything is working normally once again as the “Zebra” resumes its journey. [20] Only a pool of water and oil mark the spot where it faltered.
[21] As Andy, together with his chauffeur, rush into school, the tardy bell rings. [22] The memory of previous experiences discourage the friends. [23] “We had transportation difficulties,” explain Andy and Lucia to an unsympathetic Ms. Kohari.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin [24] “I’m afraid you’re running out of excuses. [25] If a person starts on time, he gets here on time,” she says as she gives them each a pink “unexcused tardiness” form. Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 2 Worksheet 9 (continued)
Exercise B Underline the correct word in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Most of the acting students (admires, admire) Courtney B. Vance.
1. Their year-end sale (don’t, doesn’t) begin until Monday. 2. (Is, Are) there any stringed instruments in African music? 3. Show how each of these answers (was, were) obtained. 4. Phyllis or her sister usually ( get, gets) the honors. 5. One of these envelopes (contains, contain) the lucky number. 6. Our main objection (were, was) the uncomfortable seats. 7. How much (is, are) haircuts in your neighborhood? 8. Five dollars (seems, seem) too much for one taco, rice, and beans. 9. Not one of our birthdays (comes, come) during the summer. 10. In a leap year, (there’s, there are) twenty-nine days in February.
Exercise C Underline the correct word or word group in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. The birds that live in our back yard never lose (its, their) charm.
1. That ferret is one pet that gets (itself, themselves) into a lot of trouble. 2. The boy who left (his, their) belongings on the bus ran back quickly. 3. The Tennessee Valley Authority, which makes (its, their) home in Knoxville, works to develop the natural resources of the Tennessee Valley. 4. Joshua is someone who always tries (his, their) hardest, no matter what the task. 5. Trees that lose (its, their) leaves every year are called deciduous trees. 6. Each of the students displayed (his or her, their) best work in the school’s annual art show. 7. Neither Andrew nor Jason admitted (his, their) weariness after the long tennis match. 8. Elizabeth and Marie opened (her, their) gifts after we had lunch. 9. Two of my friends who moved to New Orleans came back to Austin to visit me on (his or her, their) vacation. 10. Both Mark and Steven went to the library to research possible topics for (his, their) reports. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs WORKSHEET 1 Using Irregular Verbs Correctly
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the italicized verb shown before the sentence.
EXAMPLE write 1. Santha Rama Rau __wrote__ East of Home after she had __written__ Home to India.
begin 1. Bill ______to study, but he should have ______earlier. break 2. The Wildcats ______a record which no team had ______for years. come 3. Earl ______home an hour ago, but Arlene still hasn’t ______home. do 4. I ______the work I should have ______last night. drink 5. Walter ______the milk that his little sister should have ______. give 6. Mother ______me the Pueblo prayer stick that her grandfather had ______her when she was a child. go 7. Joan ______to see Iris, but Iris had already ______. ride 8. I ______for another half hour before I realized that I had ______past Galesburg. ring 9. The principal ______the fire alarm although someone else had already ______it. swim 10. Mrs. Ferris ______again in the river in which she had ______as a child.
Exercise B Rewrite each sentence, adding the helping verb or verbs printed in parentheses. To do this, you will need to change the form of each verb.
EXAMPLES 1. The wind began to howl. The wind had begun to howl._____(had ) 2. He spoke too long. He has spoken too long.______(has)
1. The string broke. ______(had )
2. We rode all day. ______(have)
3. It came loose.______(has)
4. The horse ran away. ______( had )
5. Sue wrote this formula. ______(will have) © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs
WORKSHEET 2 Using the Past and Past Participles of Irregular Verbs Exercise A On the line provided, write the correct past form of each italicized verb.
EXAMPLES catch 1. The shortstop __caught__ the pop fly. sing 2. The soprano ___sang___ an aria from La Bohème.
lead 1. The wilderness guide ______the hikers to the waterfall. eat 2. The puppy ______the dog biscuit. steal 3. We ______the show with our comic routine. speak 4. I never ______a word about the incident. be 5. Something ______wrong with the elevator. freeze 6. The lake ______overnight. run 7. Ms. Kaimowitz ______for mayor in the last election. throw 8. That boy just ______away his opportunities for success. shrink 9. My favorite shirt ______in the hot water. find 10. I never ______the missing library book. pay 11. The contractor ______for the lumber. keep 12. Nina’s two-base hit ______our winning streak going. have 13. Barbara’s car ______a flat tire on the way. swing 14. Antonio ______his fishing line out over the water. see 15. We ______several deer crossing the road. bring 16. They ______the potato salad for the picnic. choose 17. Bud ______to take the path of least resistance. tear 18. Candace ______the top off the envelope. fall 19. The booster rocket burned out and ______away. shake 20. My friend Lita ______the can before opening it.
Exercise B On the line provided, write the past participle of each italicized verb.
EXAMPLE find 1. The missing glove had been __found__ earlier in the day.
take 1. The ball was ______away by the coach. ride 2. This horse must have been ______by a very good rider. give 3. The child should have been ______a flu shot. choose 4. She and I were ______for the team. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing break 5. Their doorbell has been ______for several months.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs WORKSHEET 3 Distinguishing Between Lie and Lay and Sit and Set
Exercise A For each of the following sentences, underline the correct form of lie or lay given in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Finally the puppy (lay,laid) down on the blanket and fell asleep.
1. Please (lie, lay) these letters on Miss Wilson’s desk. 2. Turn back that beautiful Navajo blanket before you (lie, lay) down. 3. The nurse (lay, laid) a cold cloth on my forehead. 4. Tatami mats (lay, laid) on the floor of the Japanese restaurant. 5. I can’t remember where I (lay, laid) the Yo-Yo Ma CD. 6. The patient had (lain, laid) in bed for several days. 7. You must have (lain, laid) your coat on some wet paint. 8. Dad’s old uniform had (lain, laid) in a trunk for years. 9. The leftover antipasto was still (lying, laying) on the counter. 10. The workers are now (lying, laying) the foundation.
Exercise B For each of the following sentences, underline the correct form of sit or set given in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Annette (sat, set) a bowl of hummus on the table.
1. Don’t (sit, set) on this broken chair. 2. (Sit, Set) your chair in a shady spot. 3. Ms. Hobbs had (sat, set) at the same desk for years. 4. He had (sat, set) the trap right in front of the hole. 5. They found the baby happily (sitting, setting) in a mud puddle. 6. Mr. Montero (sat, set) a small bowl of tomatillo relish near the tortilla chips. 7. The dog was (sitting, setting) next to the sofa at his owner’s feet. 8. Please (sit, set) the floor lamp down a few feet from the chair. 9. Julio was (sitting, setting) all the tools in a neat row on the workbench. 10. The family (sat, set) down at the table to begin the Seder. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs
WORKSHEET 4 Distinguishing Between Rise and Raise, Lie and Lay, and Sit and Set Exercise A For each of the following sentences, underline the correct form of rise or raise given in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Michael Chang has (raised, rose) his level of play for this important match.
1. Please pull out the rug when I (rise, raise) the table. 2. The accident rate always (rises, raises) on holidays. 3. Challah, or Jewish egg bread, (rises, raises) because it contains yeast. 4. We will lose money unless we (rise, raise) the price. 5. New car prices generally (rise, raise) in the spring. 6. The Smiths protested when we (rose, raised) to leave. 7. I (rose, raised) the mini blinds to let in the light. 8. Our canoe drifted away when the tide (rose, raised). 9. The tree roots have (rose, raised) the sidewalk several inches. 10. Attendance has (raised, risen) this year.
Exercise B For each of the following sentences, underline the correct form of the verb given in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Lisa (sits, sets) on the patio and reads the newspaper.
1. Who has (sat, set) those books in the middle of the kitchen table? 2. We can see Josh (raising, rising) his hand to answer the question. 3. The detective has (lain, laid) a trap for the criminal. 4. You cannot have (sat, set) there waiting for very long. 5. Can that big crane (rise, raise) those concrete panels to the top floor? 6. Dreaming of dancing with the ballet, Sandy (lay, laid) in the hammock. 7. Bobby was (sitting, setting) at the desk doing his homework. 8. On Memorial Day, we always (rise, raise) the flag to honor veterans. 9. Why don’t you (lay, lie) out the clothes you’re going to wear tomorrow? 10. Will everyone in the courtroom please (rise, raise)? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs WORKSHEET 5 Writing the Correct Verb Tense
Exercise A On the lines provided, rewrite each of the following sentences, using the tense indicated in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Alise kept the information to herself. ( past perfect) Alise had kept the information to herself. ______
1. After dinner Dad froze the leftover soup. ( future) ______2. The powwow will begin with a sunrise ceremony beside the sacred fire. ( present) ______3. Mrs. Okado drove around for hours searching for the lost cat. ( past perfect progressive) ______4. Alberto shook the rug thoroughly before placing it in the washer. ( past perfect) ______5. Vernon and Nina have sung this song together. ( future progressive) ______6. I have tried without success to contact the company. (past) ______7. Sheryl stole third base, setting up the tying run. ( present perfect) ______8. Ms. Jenkins helped us with the costumes for the play. ( present perfect progressive) ______9. The dog drank all the water in its bowl. ( future perfect) ______10. Rosa brought souvlaki, a traditional Greek dish, to the potluck dinner. ( present perfect) © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Worksheet 5 (continued)
Exercise B On the lines provided, rewrite each of the following sentences, using the tense indicated in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Justin had finished mowing the lawn by lunchtime. ( future perfect) Justin will have finished mowing the lawn by lunchtime. ______1. The crew built a retaining wall to hold the riverbank. ( present progressive) ______2. Our class is studying the works of Zora Neale Hurston. ( present perfect progressive) ______3. Parisian fashions are worn by some of the most famous women in the world. ( present perfect) ______4. Several of the smaller candles burned out. ( past perfect) ______5. After the game, Coach Frye took us out for lunch. ( future) ______6. To make his scrapbook, Yoshi will start with a simple three-ring binder. ( past) ______7. She decorated the picture frame with an assortment of buttons. ( past progressive) ______8. Tamara worked hard at softball practice every day. ( present) ______9. We hiked for almost three hours without a break. ( past perfect progressive) ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 10. By Tuesday, I had completed all the research for my term paper. ( future perfect) ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs WORKSHEET 6 Avoiding Needless Changes in Tense
Exercise In the following paragraph, the verb tenses are not consistent. Decide whether the paragraph should be in present or past tense. Then, correcting all needless shifts in tense, rewrite the paragraph in either the present or past tense.
EXAMPLE [1] Our dog Barney surprised us all when he responds to an emergency in a very sensible way.
Our dog Barney surprised us all when he responded to an emergency in a very sensible way. ______
[1] One day Barney, my family’s beloved golden retriever, was hit by a car on the road in front of our house. [2] Our neighbor, Mr. Sanchez, saw Barney get hit, but then Barney disappears. [3] Mr. Sanchez tried to call us, but there is no one home. [4] When Mother gets home, he tells her what had happened. [5] Mother frantically calls all her friends and sent out search parties, but Barney was nowhere to be found. [6] More worried than ever, we start making posters to place throughout the neighborhood. [7] When the phone rings, we all hoped for the best. [8] It was Dr. Monroe, Barney’s veterinarian. [9] “Mrs. Sullivan,” he said, “we just found Barney waiting outside the door of the clinic. [10] He has injured one of his front legs, but we’re taking care of it now.” ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs WORKSHEET 7 Using Active and Passive Voice
Exercise A Decide whether each of the following sentences is written in the active or the passive voice. On the line provided, write AV for active voice or PV for passive voice.
EXAMPLES __AV__ 1. Daniel has purchased several books on landscape design.
__PV__ 2. Several books on landscape design have been purchased by Daniel.
______1. Sprinter Evelyn Ashford took home two gold medals from the 1984 Olympics. ______2. The cucumbers and the tomatoes will be planted by next week. ______3. The artwork of painter Pop Chalee reflects the traditions of the Pueblo people. ______4. The roof of Aunt Vicki’s house has been badly damaged by the high winds. ______5. The children’s sculptures have been displayed in a case at the public library. ______6. Many bird books from the early 1900s are graced by the illustrations of Louis Fuentes. ______7. In the attic Dad found an old letter from his great uncle. ______8. Kaya and Sabina have been working on their science project for three weeks. ______9. Large donations were sent by several anonymous individuals. ______10. Snapping turtles defend themselves with their strong, sharp jaws.
Exercise B Decide whether each sentence is written in the active voice or the passive voice. If a sentence is in active voice, write ACTIVE. If it is in passive voice, rewrite it in active voice.
EXAMPLE 1. Our house will be painted by two professional painters. Two professional painters will paint our house. ______
1. The press releases have been sent to the newspaper by Christie.
2. The report on Pocahontas was written by Ben.
3. I was beaten to the finish line by two other runners.
4. The crafts fair was organized by the student council.
5. Several swim team members were planning to attend the banquet. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 3 Using Verbs WORKSHEET 8 Test
Exercise On the line provided, write the correct form of each irregular verb given in parentheses.
We had just [1] ______(drink) our lemonade when Joanna [2] ______(run) into our cottage to tell us that she had [3] ______(see) the great sea serpent of Indian Lake. Before we could question her, she had already [4] ______(go) on to tell the neighbors.
The enormous sea serpent had been [5] ______(speak) about and [6] ______(write) about so much during the summer that I had almost [7] ______(begin) to believe in it. Vacationers had hesitated to let their children go into the water for fear that the monster might devour them. For many people it had really [8] ______(take) all the fun out of swimming.
We rushed down to the beach, where a large crowd had [9] ______(come) together. Everybody was pointing to a long, black line on the surface of the water, which had [10] ______(throw) the bathers into a panic. It was only a few hundred feet from the shore. A person could have [11] ______(swim) to it in a few minutes, but no one volunteered to do so. Some of the onlookers were sure that they [12] ______(see) the monster’s great jaws and lashing tail.
“We should have [13] ______(ring) for the police,” somebody suggested, without saying just what our single police officer could have [14] ______(do) about a sea serpent.
It soon grew dark and [15] ______(begin) to rain. Everybody [16] ______( go) home and [17] ______(do) no more about the monster.
The next morning the sea serpent was found [18] ______(lie) on the beach. It turned out to be a long piling that must have [19] ______(break) loose from a nearby pier. Someone with a paintbrush and a sense of humor had [20] ______( give) the monster a ferocious head with glaring eyes and had [21] ______(write) along its side,“Captured by David Hudg—” and had then apparently [22] ______(run) out of either paint or patience.
From miles around people [23] ______(drive) over to see it. The Greenville Gazette [24] ______( give) the complete story of the famous sea serpent of Indian Lake, with a picture that someone had [25] ______(take) of it. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 1 Using the Nominative Case
Exercise A Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Mr. Jee and (I,me) take a walk together every Saturday morning.
1. The man in the aloha shirt is (he, him). 2. Patrice and (her, she) love the music of Ulali, a women’s a cappella group. 3. Richard and (we, us) played a word game to pass the time. 4. The winner and new record-holder is (she, her). 5. The other students in my group are Harley and (he, him). 6. Tina and (me, I ) would like to go on the camping trip. 7. The first two substitutes to enter the game were (her, she) and (I, me). 8. The only person to try the antipasto was (him, he). 9. Either Tranh or (me, I ) will take care of Mrs. Montero’s cat this weekend. 10. The Hendersons and (they, them) often vacation together.
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain incorrect pronoun forms. If a sentence contains an error, draw a line through the incorrect pronoun and write the correct form on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLES ____he____ 1. April and him have started a butterfly garden. ____C_____ 2. The first guests to arrive were they.
______1. Dad and me worked together to refinish the old bookcase. ______2. The audience rose when Ray Charles and her were introduced. ______3. The authors she most admires are Sandra Cisneros and him. ______4. After their bike ride, Kristen and she had lunch at a neighborhood café. ______5. Winifred and them plan to take the subway to the theater. ______6. Didn’t Lance and him bike through Vermont last summer? ______7. We knew that the people in the dragon costume were they. ______8. Her and her brother have Cherokee ancestors. ______9. I’m sure the woman who created this sculpture was she. ______10. Either David or he will be the goalie for the soccer team. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 2 Using the Objective Case
Exercise A Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Colleen asked (he, him) for his advice.
1. Victor invited Leslie and (I, me) to see Los Lobos in concert. 2. After the game Dad gave Michael and (us, we) a ride home. 3. Come sit between Raul and (I, me). 4. Everyone except Joel and (him, he) entered projects in the science fair. 5. Did you tell the teacher or (her, she) about your problem? 6. Mr. Red Cloud left the dogs and (she, her) by the ravine and went for help. 7. Using handmade clay beads, Lucia made key chains for Mrs. Bernstein and (they, them). 8. The skills and persistence of Leon and (he, him) helped us win a close game. 9. To begin the lesson, the teacher read (they, them) a Maya creation myth. 10. I sent both Stephanie and (him, he) invitations to Friday’s party.
Exercise B On the line provided, write the pronoun that could be used in place of the italicized word or words in each sentence.
EXAMPLE ___them___ 1. Most of the newspapers were delivered before dawn.
______1. Did you find any biographical information about Thurgood Marshall ? ______2. We just passed Janelle and Robert on the steps outside the auditorium. ______3. Mom told Mr. and Mrs. Acevedo about the neighborhood association. ______4. Please give the children their snacks before you leave. ______5. Juanita had to sit behind Sara and me at the play. ______6. The coach chose Linda because of her excellent conditioning. ______7. At last night’s football game, our team really gave the fans a thrill. ______8. He sent Juliette a dozen long-stemmed yellow roses for her birthday. ______9. Have you received an answer from the principal yet? ______10. Mr. Conradt says he saw Connie Chung at the awards ceremony. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 3 Using Pronouns in Pairs
Exercise For each of the following sentences, underline the correct personal pronoun in each set of parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. Ms. Jenkins read (we, us) a poem by Ishmael Reed.
1. Murray liked Tortuga and Bless Me, Ultima so much that he read (they, them) twice. 2. If you are driving to the game, will you please take (he, him) and (I, me) with you? 3. Rafael brought (I, me) an authentic Zuni turquoise pendant from the craft festival. 4. (She, Her) and (I, me) are interested in the same hobbies. 5. Have you ever heard my mom and (he, him) discussing politics? 6. Is that (he, him) talking to Miss Ozawa? 7. Between you and (I, me), Perry is not a good dancer. 8. (Her, She) and her sister are both very athletic. 9. Liz told (him, he) and (I, me) entirely different stories. 10. It was (she, her) and (I, me) who designed the cover. 11. We decided to divide the fresh tomatoes between (they, them) and (us, we). 12. Why should it always be (he, him) who picks up the check? 13. How did you ever discover that it was (them, they)? 14. Please hand Wanda or (she, her) the chilies for the mole sauce. 15. (Them, They) and (us, we) are in the league playoffs. 16. The FBI had trailed his partner and (him, he) across the country. 17. The only people I told were (she, her) and Nelson. 18. We didn’t know whether the cheers were for (them, they) or (we, us). 19. Linda and (me, I ) played tennis doubles against Cara and (him, he). 20. It was either the Fishers or (them, they) who reported the accident. 21. Mr. Martinez presented first place trophies to Ryan, Jonelle, and (I, me). 22. If Forrest and (he, him) have the party at their house, will you bring refreshments? 23. Ms. Miles gave (she, her) and (I, me) advice on making social introductions. 24. The officer gave (he, him) and (I, me) directions to the parking garage near the stadium. 25. The students who will perform the third routine in our dance recital are (they, them) and (I, me). © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 4 Classifying Pronouns by Case, Person, and Number
Exercise Underline the pronoun in each of the following sentences. Then, on the line provided, classify the pronoun by case (nominative, objective, or possessive), person ( first person, second person, or third person), and number (singular or plural ).
EXAMPLE 1. The prosecuting attorney was convincing when he made the closing argument. nominative, third person, singular______
1. By the time swimmer Janet Evans was seventeen, she had set three world records.
2. Alex Haley became famous for his book Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
3. The dogs were tired after their long play session in the park.
4. Please hand me the photo album with last summer’s vacation pictures.
5. David, there is a special gift waiting for you at home.
6. Mr. Johnson gave us two tickets to the play at the Brighthouse Theater.
7. Is the red scarf lying by the sofa yours?
8. If the next two games go well, the next state champions will be we.
9. If the plants need more sun, move them to the windowsill.
10. When Satchel Paige joined the Cleveland Indians in 1948, he became the first African American pitcher in the American League. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 5 Special Pronoun Problems
Exercise A Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. To (who, whom) should I address the letter?
1. The Zuni, (who, whom) are descended from the Anasazi, are known for their silver, coral, and turquoise jewelry. 2. It was Morihei Uyeshibu (who, whom) founded the martial art of aikido. 3. I know that Derrick is a friend upon (who, whom) I can always depend. 4. Mr. Garcia, the advisor for the school newspaper, is someone (who, whom) we all admire. 5. No one knows (who, whom) the guest speaker for tomorrow’s class will be. 6. The author to (who, whom) he is referring is Maxine Hong Kingston. 7. At the Cinco de Mayo festival, I saw Cynthia, (who, whom) I know from school. 8. Anyone (who, whom) gardens should watch this show for helpful tips. 9. (Whoever, Whomever) designed these fliers did a very nice job. 10. I would like to thank (whoever, whomever) sent me this beautiful plant.
Exercise B Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Delia doesn’t have as much patience as (she, her).
1. This shade of blue looks better on you than (I, me). 2. We have won nearly as many games as (they, them), according to Deanna. 3. The Cohens didn’t start out as early as (us, we) that morning. 4. With practice you could play just as well as (he, him). 5. The referee’s ruling affected the other players more than (we, us).
Exercise C Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. (We,Us) sophomores are organizing a new arts-and-crafts club.
1. The bus will take (we, us) students to the Cherokee Heritage Center right after lunch. 2. It is (us, we) voters who are to blame for the low turnout on election day. 3. The lifeguard warned two swimmers, Mimi and (she, her), not to run. 4. The committee, (she, her), Aaron, and (me, I ), met with the senator. 5. The food was supplied by two families, (they, them) and (us, we). © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 6 Ensuring Clear Pronoun Reference
Exercise Each of the following items contains an unclear pronoun reference. On the lines provided, rewrite each item, correcting the unclear reference.
EXAMPLE 1. Laverne chatted with Mrs. Chisholm while she tended her flower garden. While Mrs. Chisholm tended her flower garden, Laverne chatted with her. __
1. On last weekend’s fishing trip, I caught only one. ______2. In this article they review R. Carlos Nakai’s new CD, Mythic Dreamer. ______3. Ramona is an excellent basket weaver, and she hopes to make it her career. ______4. Steven called his neighbor Mr. Rupert when he got home. ______5. Parts of the trail were still muddy from the recent storm. This made our hike somewhat dangerous. ______6. Susan saw Jennifer Azzi play basketball when she was a student at Stanford University. ______7. Our class is going to visit the Smithsonian Institution, which should be very educational. ______8. Marcelo stayed up late finishing his project. That explains why he looks so tired. ______9. At that museum they have an exhibit of paintings by Yasuo Kuniyoshi. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 10. Brian started telling Dwayne all about the game as soon as he walked in the door. ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 4 Using Pronouns WORKSHEET 7 Test
Exercise A Underline the correct pronoun in parentheses in each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Ask Sachi or (he, him) about the chemistry assignment.
1. Let Barbara or (he, him) know if you can’t go. 2. Between you and (I, me), their cooking is very bad. 3. It was probably Arturo or (he, him) who started the rumor. 4. Neither the Kwans nor (them, they) attended the meeting. 5. The man asked my friend and (I, me) to push his car. 6. What seems to be the trouble between Frances and (she, her)? 7. After the election it was (we, us) who called for a recount. 8. Were there any phone calls for Lusita or (I, me)? 9. The only ones not in the picture are Marge and (he, him). 10. Canada has as high a standard of living as (we, us). 11. The rolling of the ship didn’t make Corinne as sick as (I, me). 12. Clarence makes more fuss at the dentist’s than (him, he). 13. Why don’t you let (us, we) neighbors help you? 14. Hisoka and (he, him) are looking for a copy of Mexican Village, by Josephina Niggli. 15. Ms. Sevilla was reading Wyatt and (he, him) an Ashanti folk tale. 16. Dad said he’ll give you and (I, me) tango lessons this weekend. 17. The two boys—Earl and (he, him)—were all alone in the big house. 18. The first prize was shared by two girls—Rosemary and (her, she). 19. Mr. Cata will give (whomever, whoever) wants one a free pass to the Marisol exhibit. 20. There’s the person (whom, who) I was telling you about yesterday.
Exercise B In the story below, find ten pronouns that are used incorrectly. Cross out each incorrect pronoun and write the correction above it. we EXAMPLE The Browns and us made it to the game just before the kickoff.
Coach Feng gave the Browns and we free passes to the game. My sister Lois and me decided to make use of them. The Browns and we made plans to go together. Since they live farther from the stadium than us, they were going to call for us. It was they—not we—who made the suggestion. While Lois and I stood waiting at the curb, Hector and Sabina Calderón drove up and © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing offered to take us to the stadium.
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 7 Handbook 4 (continued)
“Thanks,” Lois said, “but him and I are getting a ride with the Browns, if they don’t forget to pick us up.”
“Okay,” Hector said. “We’ll see you and they at the game.” The couple—him and Sabina— waved and drove on.
As it approached eight o’clock, it began to look as if Lois and I were going to miss the opening of the game. Could the Browns have forgotten to call for my sister and I? Just as we went into the house to telephone, us two heard a car horn honk outside.
“It must be they,” I said. It was them all right.
“We’re ashamed of ourselves,” apologized Alvin Brown. “Cara and me both forgot to pick you up until we got all the way to the stadium. There must be something wrong with us. Let’s get going!”
Exercise C Each of the following items contains an unclear pronoun reference. On the line provided, rewrite each item, correcting the unclear reference.
EXAMPLE 1. David doesn’t play soccer much, but he enjoys socializing with them. David doesn’t play soccer much, but he enjoys socializing with the team members. 1. In this poem I am reading, it uses a great deal of alliteration. ______2. Rachel enjoys studying biology, although she has never seen one through a microscope. ______3. On the evening news, it said that there would be thunderstorms this weekend. ______4. Even though they don’t come out as well as I would like, I enjoy painting. ______5. Marcia told Andrea that she got the job at the mall.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 1 Choosing Between Adjectives and Adverbs
Exercise In each of the following sentences, underline the correct modifier in parentheses and circle the word or words it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. S. I. Hayakawa was known (international, internationally) as an expert on semantics.
1. I felt very (bad, badly) about missing the picnic. 2. Cesar Chavez (courageous, courageously) organized farm workers’ unions in the 1960s and 1970s. 3. Jack plays tennis so (bad, badly), he can’t find a partner. 4. It’s possible to make curtains (quick, quickly) with this new machine. 5. A propeller-driven aircraft appears (slow, slowly) when compared with a jet. 6. Texas (sure, surely) has hot weather in August. 7. Aldo holds the ball (different, differently) when he throws a curve. 8. The car doesn’t run as (smooth, smoothly) as it once did. 9. The new shopping center has a (real, really) good restaurant. 10. This kind of hat suits me ( perfect, perfectly). 11. Fannie Lou Hamer worked ( persistent, persistently) as a civil rights activist. 12. Grandma seemed (tired, tiredly) after her aerobics class. 13. The Soufrière Hills volcano behaved ( peaceful, peacefully) today. 14. Our old lawn mower doesn’t start as (easy, easily) as it once did. 15. Please ask (nice, nicely) if you want a favor. 16. A bowl of won-ton soup tastes (delicious, deliciously) on a cold day. 17. These low-heeled sandals fit (comfortable, comfortably). 18. Vernon tiptoed (soft, softly) into the baby’s room. 19. How (careful, carefully) did you listen to her story? 20. Chris’s change of mind came (sudden, suddenly). 21. The pueblo corn pie smelled so (delicious, deliciously) that we could hardly wait. 22. A nearsighted person can’t see things at a distance very (clear, clearly). 23. A good bicyclist rides through traffic (real, really) cautiously. 24. Kenesha spoke (knowledgeable, knowledgeably) about the candidate. 25. Ginny looked (careful, carefully) before crossing the street. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 2 Using Modifiers with Linking Verbs
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, underline the correct modifier in parentheses and circle the word it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. Lisa Fernandez pitched (good, well) to help Team USA win the 1991 Pan American Games.
1. Our old toaster works as ( good, well) as a new one. 2. Eggplant caponata tastes ( good, well) as part of a traditional Italian dinner. 3. I can’t type very ( good, well) on this computer. 4. A little hardship is ( good, well) for one’s character. 5. This lawn mower doesn’t cut ( good, well) anymore. 6. Some light cars don’t handle ( good, well) on rough roads. 7. A quick review would be ( good, well) for all of us. 8. The doctor said that I was ( good, well) enough to leave the hospital. 9. Brush your teeth ( good, well) after eating. 10. School courses are easier if one can read ( good, well).
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline the correct modifier in parentheses and circle the word it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. Asian music sounds (different, differently) from Western music because of the scales and instruments used.
1. The driver of the other car looked (angry, angrily) at me. 2. Shirley Chisholm feels (strong, strongly) about the need for political reform. 3. The air smelled very ( fresh, freshly) after the rain. 4. Ralph reacted ( foolish, foolishly) to his friend’s suggestion. 5. This poem by Leslie Marmon Silko can be read aloud (beautiful, beautifully). 6. This sandpaper feels too (rough, roughly) to use on this delicate wood. 7. What smells more ( pleasant, pleasantly) than a Mexican bakery? 8. We could now smell smoke very (distinct, distinctly). 9. How (different, differently) this room looks with the new sofa! 10. Wendy felt (ridiculous, ridiculously) in her clown costume. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers
WORKSHEET 3 Using Different Forms of Modifiers to Show Comparison Exercise A On the line provided, write the comparative and superlative forms of each of the following modifiers.
EXAMPLE 1. foolish ___more foolish, most foolish ______
1. carefully ______2. skillful ______3. good ______4. abruptly ______5. long ______6. bad ______7. romantic ______8. gentle ______9. much ______10. happy ______
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline the correct form of the modifier in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. After cutting the pita sandwich into two pieces, I gave Henry the (larger, largest) piece.
1. Leah has seen (more, most) of Steven Spielberg’s films than I have. 2. Which is (more difficult, most difficult) to make, the vegetarian fajitas or the stuffed bell peppers? 3. When choosing a dog, remember that large dogs are (expensiver, more expensive) to feed than smaller dogs. 4. Yesterday felt like the (most hot, hottest) day of the summer. 5. That is the (most beautiful, beautifullest) pottery I have ever seen. 6. If the choice is between those two restaurants, I’d rather go to the (nearest, nearer) one. 7. Mauna Loa, located on the island of Hawaii, is the (larger, largest) volcano in the world. 8. Mountain lions are (more common, commoner) in Mexico than in the United States. 9. Both of those plants are pretty, but the peace lily looks (healthier, healthiest). 10. Out of all of Toni Morrison’s novels, which one is the (more famous, most famous)? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers
WORKSHEET 4 Using Different Forms of Modifiers to Show Comparison Exercise A On the line provided in each of the following sentences, write the form of the modifier in parentheses that will correctly complete the sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. Elvin is the ___taller___ of my two brothers. (tall)
1. Of all the skaters in the competition, Michelle Kwan has received the ______score so far. (high) 2. That hurricane was the ______one to hit the Florida coast in over thirty years. (bad) 3. The second game of the tournament was ______than the first. (exciting) 4. The no play is the ______form of traditional Japanese drama. (old) 5. After much deliberation, Mom chose the ______of the two cars. ( practical) 6. I voted for Bianca because I thought she spoke ______than the other candidate. (honestly) 7. Reiko responded ______to my offer than Carmen did. (enthusiastically) 8. Which of the three poems did you find ______? (inspirational) 9. During the morning rush hour, the southbound traffic moves ______than the northbound traffic. (quickly) 10. My younger brother can dribble the basketball ______than I can. (well)
Exercise B Most of the following sentences contain errors in the use of modifiers. If a sentence contains an error, draw a line through the incorrect modifier and write the correct form on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLES ___friendliest___ 1. Hisoka’s cat, Buttons, is one of the friendlier cats I have met. ______C______2. Mother says her hair was darker when she was younger. ______1. Can that company prove that its towels are most absorbent than the others? ______2. Joe’s argument was the more convincing of all the arguments presented. ______3. Chim is the fastest sprinter on our track team. ______4. Which is most likely to be aggressive toward strangers, a Great Dane or a Rottweiler? ______5. Use the most thick board you have as the base and build from there. ______6. Dad seems to think losing a close game is worst than losing by a large margin. ______7. The second movie we saw was more funny than the first. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______8. Who was one of the earliest explorers of the southwestern United States? ______9. The jury might look more favorably upon the defendant if he shows remorse. ______10. Ms. O’Connell is wise, but I think my grandmother is wisest.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 5 Using Modifiers in Comparisons
Exercise Each of the following sentences contains an error in the use of a modifier. On the lines provided, rewrite each sentence, correcting the error.
EXAMPLE 1. The carpet in the living room looks cleaner than the dining room. The carpet in the living room looks cleaner than the carpet in the dining room.__
1. The plot of the movie version is less intriguing than the novel. ______2. The controls on my new wheelchair are easier to use than my old one. ______3. My father has read more Isabel Allende novels than anyone in our family. ______4. Then Tanya made the most wittiest remark. ______5. My dog Ginger is smarter than any dog I know. ______6. Gigi Fernandez played more harder than her opponent and eventually won the match. ______7. Marini probably studied longer than anyone in her class. ______8. I talk to Ella more often than Anne. ______9. My neighbor’s son, Cameron, is the most calmest toddler I’ve ever met. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 10. The kitchen will look so much more cleaner with a fresh coat of paint. ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 6 Avoiding Double Negatives
Exercise On the line provided, answer the following questions negatively in complete sentences, without producing any double negatives.
EXAMPLES 1. Did you hear anything? I didn’t hear anything. ______
2. Does George own a car? George doesn’t own a car. ______
1. Did you like either picture?
2. Has he ever had an accident?
3. Is Raul a senior?
4. Did they catch anything?
5. Did Rita go anywhere?
6. Have you seen Marshall?
7. Did you tell anybody?
8. Should I say anything to Jacy?
Use hardly or scarcely in your answers to 9 and 10.
9. Can you see the sign?
10. Could you get to sleep? © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 7 Avoiding Dangling Modifiers
Exercise A Some of the following sentences contain dangling modifiers. If a sentence has a dangling modifier, write DM on the line provided. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLES __DM__ 1. Right after vacuuming the living room, the dog tracked mud all over the clean carpet. ___C___ 2. To become a great athlete, one must build up excellent endurance. ______1. Looking through the binoculars, the falcon could be seen in more detail. ______2. To earn spending money, a job at the laundromat was suggested. ______3. To make this jalapeño corn bread, you will need a mixing bowl and a baking pan. ______4. Pointing the telescope at the moon, the crater Tycho appeared in the viewfinder. ______5. Now filled with sand, the pail was too heavy for the child to carry. ______6. Napping peacefully, the loud knock on the door was startling. ______7. After spending the whole day tending the garden, we had little energy left for cooking. ______8. Listening to her grandmother’s stories, Annie learned that some of her Sioux ancestors had practiced the Ghost Dance religion. ______9. To learn to use a sewing machine, patience must be abundant. ______10. While mowing the lawn this morning, a rash developed on my legs.
Exercise B On the line provided, rewrite each of the following sentences to correct the dangling modifier.
EXAMPLE 1. To travel to Italy, a passport will be needed. To travel to Italy, you will need a passport. ______
1. Looking through the family album, my great uncle Otis was seen in many of the photographs.
2. Immediately after giving the dog a bath, the doorbell rang.
3. To relive a part of Chinese American history, Angel Island in California can be visited.
4. Sitting in the fifth row of the stadium, the action could be seen clearly.
5. After jogging barefoot on the beach, Jason’s leg muscles were sore. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 8 Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers
Exercise In each of the following sentences, underline the misplaced word, phrase, or clause. Then, draw an arrow to indicate where the misplaced modifier should be placed to make the sentence clear and correct.
EXAMPLES 1. The chair suddenly collapsed that Phil was sitting on.
2. His mother read the theme he had written after he had gone to sleep.
1. Many important musicians played in Earl Hines’s band, such as Charlie Parker. 2. The lamp stands next to the sofa that I usually study by. 3. I salvaged a radio from the wrecked car that was in perfect condition. 4. The mail carrier has to walk all morning without sitting down to rest in the slushy snow. 5. American Indian religious leaders sing songs as they treat the sick called medicine men and medicine women. 6. I saw the note that Miss White Feather will send to Bill’s parents accidentally. 7. The mayor announced that she plans to resign last week. 8. Salim was given the part in the school play of the grandfather. 9. The lake was surrounded by sand dunes in which we went swimming. 10. Grace couldn’t say goodbye to her cousin who was leaving for Alaska because of her cold. 11. He sold a car to a used-car dealer that had a cracked cylinder head. 12. Al went to the kitchen when Gloria phoned to say that she was bringing home a puppy to cook the dinner. 13. Andrea walked into the museum where the statue was on exhibit with her two brothers. 14. The matzo ball soup had too much salt in it that was served at the Passover meal. 15. These coins are very old and rare ones that you gave to me. 16. Some dangerous chemistry supplies are lying in the corner that must be cleared away immediately. 17. We watched sailboat after sailboat go by sitting on the shore of the river that afternoon. 18. Gan and Eloise were each served a sandwich by the harried waitperson with mustard and onions. 19. Rafael found a most unusual pet shop wandering around the streets of the old town.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 20. Elizabeth rearranged the flowers that the cat had knocked over very carefully.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 9 Revising Misplaced Modifiers
Exercise On the line provided, revise each of the following sentences by moving the misplaced phrase or clause so that it is near the word or words it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. Ruben listened attentively as Ms. Fox read the poem with his eyes shut. With his eyes shut, Ruben listened attentively as Ms. Fox read the poem.
1. We bought a lamp at the souvenir stand made of pink shells. ______2. Grandmother gave a ring to one of my sisters that was a hundred years old. ______3. Miguel cleaned the carpet after eating his breakfast with a vacuum cleaner. ______4. Mother served the Vietnamese shrimp toast to the guests that had not burned. ______5. Clean the pan after you cook the fish with a strong detergent. ______6. I turn on the radio whenever I wash dishes for entertainment. ______7. I found a ticket for the Friday night dance in the telephone booth. ______8. My aunt flew to Florida after Claudia went to college to enjoy the warm, sunny weather. ______9. Derek rented a tape on how to make Hawaiian leis at the video store. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 10. You can see Yolanda washing the car through the kitchen window. ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 5 Using Modifiers WORKSHEET 10 Test
Exercise A Most of the following sentences contain errors in the use of modifiers. Draw a line through each error and, if necessary, write the correct word or words on the line provided. Use a caret (^) to show where the added word or words belong in the sentence. If a sentence is already correct, write C on the line.
EXAMPLES ____else____ 1. Samuru knows more about astronomy than anyone I know. ^ _____more____ 2. Of the two proposed solutions, the second would probably be most effective. ______1. At the recital Liang played the piano nice. ______2. Of the two veterinarians at that clinic, Dr. Lopez is the most experienced. ______3. Chelsea should be more respectfuller of other people’s privacy. ______4. The Sparks won their first game easy, by a score of 85 to 62. ______5. Mr. Yellowhair is one of the most patient people I’ve ever met. ______6. The summers here are hotter than Minnesota. ______7. Scott dances better than anyone in his ballet class. ______8. Mount Everest is higher than any place on earth. ______9. Michael beamed proudly as he told us about his Chinese heritage. ______10. We can access the Internet much more faster on our new computer than on the old one.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline the correct modifier in parentheses and circle the word it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. Laurie smiled (cheerful, cheerfully) as she greeted her guests.
1. The chances of our team’s winning the science fair this year look (excellent, excellently). 2. Did you analyze the reasons that some previous teams did ( poor, poorly)? 3. If we act (quick, quickly), we might be able to get concert tickets. 4. Despite his slow start, Neal was (absolute, absolutely) determined to do well in the race. 5. Was Christie’s research on global warming (thorough, thoroughly), or did she check only a few sources? 6. Alfonso looked (sad, sadly) at his crumpled manuscript. 7. The cough medicine tasted (terrible, terribly) to Mario. 8. Mr. Toyama looked very (anxious, anxiously) at the snail on his plate.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 9. The team felt too (confident, confidently) about winning the game. 10. Almost anything tastes ( good, well) when you’re hungry.
Continued ☞
Using Modifiers 47 TX_L10LH_01 6/2/09 6:27 PM Page 48
NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 10 Handbook 5 (continued)
Exercise C Most of the following sentences contain dangling or misplaced modifiers. On the line provided, revise each faulty sentence so that its meaning is clear. If a sentence is already correct, write C.
EXAMPLE 1. Touring the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, many of the species of fish were fascinating to Evan. Touring the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, Evan found many of the species of fish fascinating. ______
1. Falling on the fifth of May each year, Koreans and Korean Americans celebrate Children’s Day.
2. We saw some paintings at the Philadelphia Museum of Art by José Luis Cuevas.
3. Please tell Kareem when he gets home from soccer practice that Mom wants him to clean the bathroom.
4. At the meeting the city council discussed the cost of repairing the bridge with city planners.
5. To avoid serious injury, helmets should always be worn when bicycling.
6. Near the bottom of the pond, Lynn spotted a small tadpole.
7. Looking out the window, I noticed that the rain had turned to hail.
8. While going through some boxes in the garage, my father’s old bat and glove were found.
9. Unprepared for the coming storm, our hike had to be cut short.
10. The lotion she had applied protected her from the sun’s harmful rays. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases WORKSHEET 1 Identifying Prepositional Phrases
Exercise In each of the following sentences, underline each prepositional phrase and circle each object of a preposition. Note: A sentence may contain more than one prepositional phrase.
EXAMPLE 1. Yoko’s jogging route takes her past the church and behind the playground.
1. A large crowd has already gathered outside the courthouse. 2. All pest control products will be on sale for the next two weeks. 3. According to Tom, the picture of the governor in the newspaper was not flattering. 4. The jeweler showed the beautiful pearl necklace to Luisa. 5. Is their plane supposed to take off at noon? 6. Tourists may pick up a free city map at the Visitors’ Center. 7. The harvest festival of Sukkot begins five days after Yom Kippur. 8. At the Chaco Culture National Historical Park are numerous prehistoric ruins of the Anasazi. 9. Can begonias and geraniums be grown outdoors in containers? 10. If we don’t leave right now, we’ll be late for the movie. 11. Is that your notebook on the floor in the cafeteria? 12. In addition to swimming and cycling,Ted enjoys ice skating. 13. Couscous is a common dish in much of northern Africa. 14. The Painted Desert extends nearly two hundred miles along the Little Colorado River in northern Arizona. 15. On special occasions, some Japanese women wear kimonos. 16. For my birthday Aunt Maisie gave me a subscription to a monthly gardening magazine. 17. Mrs. Brown and the children left for Norfolk two hours ago. 18. Roscoe crawled under the deck and suddenly found himself covered with spider webs. 19. Next to the fireplace sat a large marble sculpture of a collie. 20. Find out if there is enough space between the rows of seats in that music hall. 21. According to this article, the Navajo earn money through coal mining. 22. Jay leaned against the freshly painted wall and ruined his favorite shirt. 23. As soon as we felt the first raindrops, we headed toward home. 24. Can I prepare the soil without a good garden hoe? 25. Andy agreed with little hesitation to attend the ceremony. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases WORKSHEET 2 Using and Identifying Adjective Phrases
Exercise A On the line provided, add an adjective phrase to each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. A large flock ___of Canada geese___ passed overhead.
1. Did you find any books ______? 2. Someone ______called Dad at the office. 3. The peaches ______should be eaten soon. 4. Tamara saw a raccoon ______. 5. The woman ______is running for mayor. 6. Most citizens can clearly see the need ______. 7. The trees ______will need to be pruned soon. 8. The bicycle shop ______has an excellent selection. 9. Many fish ______are dying because of water pollution. 10. Manchu enjoys reading in the garden ______.
Exercise B In the following paragraphs, underline each adjective phrase once and the word or words it modifies twice. Note: Some sentences do not contain adjective phrases.
EXAMPLE [1] Pueblo de Los Angeles, or “Town of the Angels,”lies northeast of the Civic Center in downtown Los Angeles.
[1] This area of Los Angeles contains many of the city’s oldest buildings. [2] In this area a group
of settlers from Mexico founded Los Angeles more than two hundred years ago. [3] The area looks
like a village of old Mexico. [4] It includes a delightful public square with century-old magnolia
trees. [5] Running north from the plaza is Olvera Street, one of the oldest streets in the city.
[6] Colorful stalls along Olvera Street sell Mexican handicrafts. [7] Adobe buildings from the early nineteenth century, housing restaurants and crafts shops, line the street.
[8] The downtown area also includes an interesting shopping district. [9] Many of the shops in
this district are owned by immigrants from Mexico and Central America. [10] Here, shoppers can listen to the sound of modern Mexican music as they pass the cafes and record stores. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases WORKSHEET 3 Using and Identifying Adverb Phrases
Exercise A On the line provided, add an adverb phrase to each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Most of the fans sat ____near center court____.
1. ______the children took turns trying to break the piñata. 2. The hikers set up camp ______. 3. We walked ______for a strawberry smoothie. 4. ______the chef will clean the kitchen. 5. ______Luanne developed an interest in nature. 6. Our newspaper is delivered ______. 7. Ms. Garza will ride the train ______. 8. The squirrel climbed ______. 9. Everyone stayed indoors ______. 10. ______Edmund will study veterinary medicine.
Exercise B In the following paragraphs, underline each adverb phrase once and the word or words it modifies twice. Note: Some sentences do not contain adverb phrases.
EXAMPLE [1] After much discussion, my parents finally agreed to let me buy a pet budgie.
[1] I had wanted a pet for a long time. [2] For several weeks, at the library and on the World
Wide Web, I researched various small pets. [3] My reading eventually led me to the parakeet. [4] For
the most part, parakeets make clever, affectionate pets. [5] The budgie,the most common type of
pet parakeet, is native to Australia. [6] According to several articles, these birds live well in captivity
and become very tame. [7] Most of them can even be trained to talk.
[8] With my parents’ permission, I went to the pet store and chose my new pet, whom I
named Perry. [9] Perry lives in a nice, big cage and is always playing on his toy ladders and seesaw.
[10] After some intensive training, he has even learned to say “Hello”and “Cracker, please.” © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases WORKSHEET 4 Identifying Participles and Participial Phrases
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, underline the participle or participial phrase used as an adjective and circle the word it modifies. On the line provided, identify the participle by type.Write PAST for past participle or PRES for present participle.
EXAMPLEs1.PAST What do you want to do with this chipped mug?
PRES 2. Leaping onto my lap, the cat began to purr.
______1. Grinning from ear to ear, the winner graciously accepted her trophy. ______2. Hiding under the sofa, the ferret continued to ignore its owner’s commands. ______3. The overloaded car could not make it up the steep hill. ______4. Sifting through the bargain bin at the bookstore, Botan found a good Japanese cookbook. ______5. Stage B will feature sets by some widely known musical artists. ______6. The chosen lookout point proved to be inaccessible, so we had to alter our plan. ______7. Impressed by Jan’s talent and perseverance, the conductor granted her a second audition. ______8. Chi Chen wrapped the blanket around the shaking puppy and placed it in the box. ______9. The startled cat screeched, jumped over the fence, and disappeared. ______10. In my opinion, singer Aretha Franklin is nothing less than a living legend.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline each participial phrase and circle the word it modifies. Note: Not every sentence contains a participial phrase.
EXAMPLE 1. The poetry reading scheduled for Wednesday at 1:00 has been canceled.
1. Students interested in volunteering for the Red Cross should pick up an application outside the cafeteria. 2. The form of light opera known as zarzuela was created in the 1700s by Spanish composers. 3. Gazing intently at the painting, Abdul did not notice when I returned. 4. The construction work, creating an unpleasant din from morning to evening, greatly annoyed the neighbors. 5. Arabic, spoken by almost all the people of Libya, is that country’s official language. 6. The weather report indicates that the cold front is moving slowly. 7. Leaving the party early, Leta ran a couple of errands and then went home.
8. Samuel, elected by a landslide, has done a fine job as class treasurer. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 9. The sound of wolves howling in the distance was eerie yet somehow peaceful. 10. Fascinated by the intricate plot, Latisha could not put the novel down.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases
WORKSHEET 5 Identifying Gerunds, Gerund Phrases, Infinitives, and Infinitive Phrases Exercise A Underline the gerunds or gerund phrases in the following sentences. Then, on the line provided, identify how each gerund or gerund phrase is used by writing S for subject, DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, or OP for object of a preposition.
EXAMPLE __OP__ 1. Harriet Tubman is famous for helping hundreds of slaves escape to freedom.
______1. Learning a foreign language is a goal of many people. ______2. The children enjoy skating. ______3. Seeing the giant sculpture of Chief Crazy Horse was the highlight of our trip to South Dakota. ______4. Your mistake was enclosing money in a letter. ______5. There are several methods of broiling vegetables. ______6. Saving precious topsoil is one of the aims of conservation. ______7. His greatest pleasure is helping other people. ______8. You can’t learn to spell by pressing a button. ______9. We always avoided driving at night. ______10. Camels may go for weeks without drinking.
Exercise B Underline the infinitive or infinitive phrase in each of the following sentences. Then, on the line provided, tell how the infinitive or infinitive phrase is used by writing S for subject, DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, ADJ for adjective, or ADV for adverb.
EXAMPLEs ___DO___ 1. I have always wanted to travel around the world.
___ADJ__ 2. I have always had a desire to travel around the world.
______1. To write an informative report takes considerable effort. ______2. To turn back now would be foolish and risky. ______3. Kiyoshi and Tony appreciated the opportunity to go to the concert. ______4. The goal in a chess game is to checkmate the opponent’s king. ______5. The Spingarn Medal is awarded to honor African Americans for high achievement. ______6. The governor can’t hope to please everyone in the state. ______7. In my opinion, spring is the best time to visit Washington. ______8. Harriet Tubman’s purpose was to help others. ______9. Everyone entered in the contest has an equal chance to win. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______10. A good citizen does not refuse to be a witness in court.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases
WORKSHEET 6 Identifying Gerunds, Gerund Phrases, Infinitives, Infinitive Phrases, and Infinitive Clauses Exercise A Underline the gerund or gerund phrase in each of the following sentences. On the line provided, tell how the gerund or gerund phrase is used in the sentence.Write S for subject, DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, or OP for object of a preposition.
EXAMPLE OP 1. In the summer Kassie earns her spending money by mowing lawns in her neighborhood.
______1. Painting a house requires a great amount of time and patience. ______2. After shopping for hours, we were tired and hungry and wanted to go home. ______3. Mr. Kilpatrick enjoys making customized scrapbooks as gifts for family and friends. ______4. One of the highlights of Anne Tyler’s career was winning the Pulitzer Prize in fiction in 1989. ______5. Aunt Rosalinda’s favorite pastime is fishing, and she has taught me a lot about the sport. ______6. On rainy weekend afternoons, I like going to the movies by myself. ______7. Although Derrick has tried skiing, he says he doesn’t really like it. ______8. Researching the backgrounds of potential candidates is one responsibility of the nomination committee. ______9. The flight attendant asked the passengers to fasten their safety belts in preparation for landing. ______10. In northern Africa, some women follow the Islamic tradition of covering the face with a veil.
Exercise B Underline the infinitive, infinitive phrase, or infinitive clause in each of the following sentences. On the line provided, tell how the infinitive, infinitive phrase, or infinitive clause is used in the sentence.Write N for noun, ADJ for adjective, or ADV for adverb.
EXAMPLE __N _ 1. Jake plans to study two hours for the biology exam.
______1. Hakeem Olajuwon sunk the winning basket with one second to go. ______2. If you want to get to the game on time, you should leave by 6:00. ______3. Her mother told Tamiko to wear her helmet when she rode her bike. ______4. To score a goal in ice hockey can be extremely difficult. ______5. Please let me know when you are ready to leave. ______6. Juanita’s long-term goal is to graduate from law school. ______7. When you get to the game, remember that the player to watch is number 32. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______8. We asked Mimi to make her special banana bread. ______9. Melvin’s dream has always been to become an animal behaviorist. ______10. We went to the town meeting to voice our opinions about the new highway.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases WORKSHEET 7 Identifying Appositives and Appositive Phrases
Exercise In each of the following sentences, underline the appositive or appositive phrase and circle the word or words it identifies or explains.
EXAMPLEs1.The storm, a treacherous blizzard, hit the Chicago area early Monday morning.
2. “Mending Wall,”a poem by Robert Frost, is the story of two neighbors.
1. My friend Willis and I would like to travel to Brazil and Argentina one day. 2. José Ortega y Gasset, an essayist, was one of Spain’s leading writers of the twentieth century. 3. I heard that Mrs. Price’s desk, a beautiful antique, was destroyed in the fire. 4. Peking duck, a specialty in northern China, consists of slices of crisp roast duck and thin, rolled pancakes. 5. Will you get to see your cousin Kerry when you go to Salt Lake City? 6. Hiram L. Fong, a U.S. Senator from Hawaii, served in Congress from 1959 to 1977. 7. A dedicated worker, Ms.Walker is the first to arrive at the clinic each morning. 8. The flowers on the table are from our neighbor, Mr. Durand. 9. The green turtle, a species of sea turtle, can swim as fast as twenty miles per hour for brief periods. 10. One of the most difficult strategy games, Go originated more than two thousand years ago in China. 11. This figurine, a gift from my grandmother, is one of my most cherished possessions. 12. At home Tranh usually speaks Vietnamese, his first language. 13. Did you know that my brother Steve works as a computer programmer for a large software company? 14. The stage manager,Vicente Diaz, has worked hard day after day to help make the school play a success. 15. Katherine has read every published work of her favorite author, N. Scott Momaday. 16. Nathan’s newest painting, the one with the beach in the background, is one of his best so far. 17. A talented graphic artist, Coretta hopes to work for a magazine or book publisher. 18. The instructor and his partner were demonstrating the tarantella, a regional folk dance of southern Italy. 19. My report is on Charles Drew, a physician who is known for his research on blood plasma and who organized many blood bank programs during World War II.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 20. The adviser for the drama club, Mr. Hill, is going to retire next year.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Phrases WORKSHEET 8 Test
Exercise A Underline the prepositional phrases in the following sentences. Above each prepositional phrase, write ADJ if it is an adjective phrase and ADV if it is an adverb phrase. Note: Some sentences contain more than one prepositional phrase.
ADV ADJ EXAMPLE 1. Mr. Itoh planted marigolds along the front edge of his garden.
1. I found the information for my biology paper at the library. 2. Chris has gone to Shawnee, Oklahoma, to attend the Potawatomi Powwow. 3. Maureen and I studied the book about the history of mathematics. 4. Behind the church lies an old cemetery surrounded by a wrought-iron fence. 5. The construction company claims the bridge over the ravine will be finished by June. 6. Use the large saucepan for the rice, and stir-fry the vegetables in the wok. 7. The painting above the mantel was a gift from a dear friend. 8. We left after the first act because my little sister was not feeling well. 9. During his trip to Ghana, Mr. Brooks expanded his knowledge of the Ashanti people. 10. Michael Boyd, a reporter from the school newspaper, interviewed the office staff of the high school.
Exercise B Identify the italicized phrase in each of the following sentences. On the line provided, write PART for participial phrase or GER for gerund phrase.
EXAMPLE _PART_ 1. Walking along the beach, Kim and Jerry noticed many fascinating creatures.
______1. Paul Robeson had a long, successful career, performing on stage, on radio, and in motion pictures. ______2. The children, exhausted after their day at the fair, slept all the way home. ______3. Watching television can be educational and worthwhile if you choose the right kinds of programs. ______4. Hurrying to catch the bus, Harry tripped and twisted his ankle. ______5. Mastering parallel parking can be difficult, especially in a large vehicle. ______6. When it is not too cold outside, Ms. Chiago likes jogging with her two greyhounds. ______7. I stopped for a moment to watch the children sledding down the slick, white hill. ______8. The watercolor set lying on the table belongs to my brother. ______9. I promised not to reveal the secret, so you might as well stop asking me. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______10. Bill Cosby’s book on parenting, published in 1987, is titled Fatherhood.
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 6 Worksheet 8 (continued)
Exercise C Identify each of the numbered, italicized phrases in the following paragraph. On the line provided, write PREP for prepositional phrase, PART for participial phrase, GER for gerund phrase, INF for infinitive phrase, or APP for appositive phrase.
EXAMPLE [1] Vacationing in Oklahoma __PART__, my family visited that state’s first intertribal Native American complex.
Standing Bear Native American Memorial Park, [1] located in Ponca City, Oklahoma ______, opened in 1996.The eight-acre park and cultural center is dedicated to six Plains Indian peoples— [2] the Kaw, Osage, Otoe-Missouri, Pawnee, Ponca, and Tonkawa ______.Travelers [3] visiting the park ______can learn about the many cultures of the Plains Indians.
The centerpiece [4] of the complex ______is a huge bronze statue of Standing Bear, [5] a Ponca chief ______. In 1996 more than 5,000 people attended the [6] unveiling of the statue ______. It is the creation of Oreland Joe, Sr., [7] an award-winning sculptor ______. Joe worked almost a year [8] to complete this 3,500-pound monument ______, which is the tallest statue in Oklahoma. [9] At the statue’s base ______are an eternal flame and a reflecting pool.The seals of the six peoples that assisted in [10] making the park a reality ______encircle the pool.
Exercise D Following the directions in each of the following items, write an original sentence on the line provided.
EXAMPLE 1. Use sorting the recycling as a gerund phrase. Sorting the recycling is one of my regular household chores._
1. Use under the table as an adjective phrase.
2. Use strolling through the mall as a participial phrase.
3. Use making costumes for the play as a gerund phrase.
4. Use to get to school on time as an infinitive phrase that functions as an adverb.
5. Use my favorite singer as an appositive phrase. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 1 Identifying Independent and Subordinate Clauses
Exercise A Identify each of the following clauses as independent or subordinate. On the line provided, write IND for independent clause or SUB for subordinate clause.
EXAMPLEs ___IND___ 1. Nikki Giovanni will be speaking ___SUB__ 2. before the awards are presented
______1. the carburetor was adjusted ______2. when the carburetor was adjusted ______3. the other car was insured ______4. if the other car was insured ______5. because we needed a larger apartment ______6. each applicant is thoroughly tested ______7. imitation is the sincerest form of flattery ______8. although the plot was very original ______9. the cha-cha is a Cuban dance ______10. unless the circulation of our paper increases
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, identify the italicized clause as independent or subordinate. On the line provided, write IND for independent or SUB for subordinate.
EXAMPLE _SUB_ 1. Ms. Maskewit, the volleyball coach, was thrilled when her team made the state semifinals.
______1. In 1887 Granville T.Woods invented a telegraph system that allowed railroad crew members to communicate with each other and with railroad stations. ______2. The cheetah, which can run as fast as fifty to seventy miles per hour over short distances, is the fastest land mammal. ______3. Hanukkah usually comes in December, and it lasts for eight days. ______4. What did you do with the map that I gave you? ______5. For the party everyone dressed up as famous movie characters they admired. ______6. While Mr. Foster was in Puerto Rico, he visited the Ponce Art Museum. ______7. Because guinea pigs seldom bite and are easy to take care of, they make good pets. ______8. The bulletin board is covered with notices, but many of them are for past events. ______9. Mary McLeod Bethune was an educator who worked to improve opportunities for African Americans. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______10. The band that will play at the spring dance is a local favorite among high school students.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 2 Identifying Adjective Clauses
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, underline the adjective clause and draw a second line under the relative pronoun. Then, circle the noun or pronoun the adjective clause modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. The students who went to the science museum came back with some amazing stories.
1. We go to movies at the Orpheum Theater, which was renovated several years ago. 2. Frida Kahlo, whose paintings often contain autobiographical subject matter, was an influential Mexican artist. 3. My family is going to Fiesta® San Antonio, which is held in San Antonio each spring. 4. Camels, whose humps carry built-in food supplies, can travel great distances with little food or water. 5. Mom searched the local shelters until she found the puppy that she wanted to adopt. 6. Anyone who wants to go to college should study hard during high school. 7. Ms.Wong is the botanist who will be our guest speaker tomorrow. 8. The blinds that we ordered for the living room turned out to be too short. 9. Mr. Serrano is the teacher whom I most admire. 10. Yvonne had recommended the movie that we rented last night.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, underline the adjective clause and draw a second line under the relative pronoun.Then, on the line provided, write the noun or pronoun that the adjective clause modifies. Note: The relative pronoun may sometimes be left out of an adjective clause. If so, write the relative pronoun in parentheses after the sentence.
EXAMPLES ___life___ 1. The life that you save may be your own.
___life___ 2. The life you save may be your own. (that)
1. The horse that Christine rode was very spirited. 2. The money that was missing was found under the counter. 3. Brian was one of the players whom the coach depended on the most. 4. An elderly woman who reminds you of your grandmother turns out to be the villain. 5. Mr. Ignacio anxiously checked the pocket that contained his wallet. 6. This soap is for people whose skin is irritated by ordinary soap. 7. We can’t believe everything that we see in print. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 8. The tree my grandfather planted still bears apples. 9. John Valadez is the artist whom my mother most admires. 10. Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian writer who is best known for his plays.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 3 Identifying and Using Adverb Clauses
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, underline the adverb clause and draw a second line under the subordinating conjunction.
EXAMPLE 1. Whenever I lose my temper, I am sorry afterward.
1. I wrote myself a note so that I would be sure to remember. 2. When labor and management disagree, the two sides seek a mediator. 3. These trees will grow where almost nothing else will survive. 4. Elliot, who is the free safety, intercepts passes as if they were intended for him. 5. Unless we understand the past, we cannot understand the present. 6. A dog has many friends because it wags its tail instead of its tongue. 7. Whenever I find out that I have misspelled a word, I write it in my notebook. 8. Before you criticize modern art, you should try to understand it. 9. While we were vacationing in New York, we visited the Iroquois Indian Museum. 10. I’d like to try the Kung Pao shrimp if it’s not too spicy.
Exercise B On the line provided in each of the following sentences, write a subordinating conjunction that clearly shows the relationship between the two ideas. Avoid using the same subordinating conjunction more than once.
EXAMPLEs1.__When__ we visited New Orleans, we tried several different Cajun dishes.
2. She has been interested in big-band music __as long as__ I have known her.
1. The program will not survive ______the producers improve it. 2. ______ability is a factor in success, character is even more important. 3. Countee Cullen began publishing poetry ______he was still in high school. 4. ______we neared the port, the ship became a beehive of activity. 5. Our parents always spoke to us ______we were adults. 6. ______the tank is full, the pump automatically shuts itself off. 7. He gave us his picture ______we would always remember him. 8. ______we saw Connie at the park, she waved to us. 9. An idea is not true merely ______it is repeated.
10. ______you sign a contract, you should be sure to read the fine print. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 4 Using Adverb Clauses
Exercise Combine each of the following pairs of sentences. Change one sentence into an adverb clause by placing a subordinating conjunction before it.Then, insert the adverb clause into the other sentence. Be sure to select the subordinating conjunction that will best express the relationship between the two sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. My pen ran out of ink. I finished the outline in pencil. After my pen ran out of ink, I finished the outline in pencil.
1. Anzu jogged along the river. She saw an empty raft.
2. Our refrigerator broke down.We stored our food in our neighbor’s refrigerator.
3. Dwayne pressed the dough into six-inch circles. He cooked the tortillas on the griddle.
4. I had run out of blue paint. I finished the closet in yellow.
5. The names were being read.We each held our breath.
6. Everyone goes through this room.We call it Grand Central Station.
7. The curtain rose.The stagehand was asleep on the couch.
8. Venus’ flytrap is an unusual plant. It is able to catch and digest insects.
9. Japanese art was strongly influenced by the Chinese. It has its own, distinctive Japanese quality.
10. The lizard’s tail broke off. It grew another one. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 5 Identifying Noun Clauses
Exercise A Underline the noun clause in each of the following sentences.Then, on the line provided, tell how the noun clause is used in the sentence. Use the following abbreviations: S for subject, PN for predicate nominative, DO for direct object, IO for indirect object, or OP for object of a preposition.
EXAMPLE __S__ 1. What I really need is a day at the beach.
______1. Dad asked the desk clerk when the Field Museum of Natural History would be open. ______2. The server brought a glass of water for whoever asked for one. ______3. This has been a close race, and no one knows who will win the election. ______4. Why Ricky is playing catcher instead of first base is a mystery to me. ______5. The problem is that we don’t have all the necessary tools. ______6. Kenneth has not yet told me what he wants for Christmas. ______7. That a turtle’s shell has two layers was news to me. ______8. Give whoever stops at the booth a pamphlet and a calendar of events. ______9. Jerome understands that the cat’s wounds will not heal properly. ______10. The article I’m reading is about how Hector Elizondo’s acting career began.
Exercise B Underline the noun clause in each of the following sentences.Then, on the line provided, tell how the noun clause is used in the sentence. Use the following abbreviations: S for subject, DO for direct object, PN for predicate nominative, and OP for object of preposition.
EXAMPLE __DO__ 1. Miss Brodsky told us that most Yurok Indians still live in northern California.
______1. Where Captain Kidd hid his treasure remains a mystery. ______2. The speaker merely repeated what everybody knows. ______3. The patient told her story to whoever would listen. ______4. Most people will deny that they have any prejudices. ______5. The mechanic finally discovered what caused the rattle. ______6. How penicillin was discovered is a fascinating story. ______7. My problem is that I have no patience. ______8. Pete hasn’t the slightest idea of what he wants to do later. ______9. That the dog had been well treated was obvious.
______10. One African American folk tale explains why the possum’s tail has no hair. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 6 Identifying Clauses
Exercise Underline the subordinate clause(s) in each of the sentences in the following paragraphs. Identify each clause by writing N for noun, ADJ for adjective, or ADV for adverb above the clause. ADJ EXAMPLE [1] A person with visual impairments who wants to read books can use Louis Braille’s system.
[1] This is the story of Louis Braille, the Frenchman who invented a system of reading and
writing for people who cannot see. [2] When Louis was three years old, he was playing one day in
his father’s saddle shop. [3] While he was trying to pierce a piece of leather with an awl, the tool
slipped and struck his eye. [4] Eventually, his injury led to an infection that caused him to lose his
sight in both eyes. [5] At the age of ten, Louis asked whether he could attend the Royal Institution
for Blind Youth in Paris. [6] He was sent to this school, where the students learned to read by
feeling letters formed with twigs. [7] The school had only three books, which were printed in large
raised letters. [8] Because each sentence took a page or two, the books contained only a few
paragraphs. [9] Louis was disappointed when he tried to use the books. [10] What Louis wanted was a way to read more easily.
[11] One day inventor Charles Barbier, who had been a captain in the army, visited the school.
[12] What he had invented was a new writing system called “nightwriting.”[13] The writing was
done by using a sharp tool that made ridges on heavy paper. [14] This writing, which could be read
without striking a light, was safe to read on a battlefield. [15] Louis believed that this system could
be adapted for people with visual impairments. [16] He spent three years working out an alphabet
of raised dots that could be read with the fingers. [17] Although he demonstrated his method to
group after group, the government did not immediately support it. [18] He continued to work on
the system and to explain it to whoever would listen. [19] For years he had suffered from
tuberculosis, however, which killed him at the age of forty-two. [20] After his death, Louis’s system, which was called Braille after its inventor, was widely adopted. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Clauses WORKSHEET 7 Test
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, identify the italicized clause as independent or subordinate. On the line provided, write IND for independent or SUB for subordinate.
EXAMPLE __SUB__ 1. Lila can still remember visiting Hawaii when she was a small child.
______1. Yoshiro gave me a photograph of the marching band, but I cannot find it. ______2. Pancho Gonzalez, who started playing tennis at the age of twelve, became one of the greatest players in tennis history. ______3. When Aunt Chloe comes to visit, we usually take her to the antique shops downtown. ______4. While Oscar hung the decorations, Naomi made the dip and prepared the table. ______5. Pixilation is a type of animation that makes human figures look cartoonlike. ______6. How will I know when it is time to take the barbecued tofu out of the oven? ______7. Anita has watered the houseplants faithfully; nevertheless, they are not growing. ______8. Vernon feeds all the family pets as soon as he gets home from school. ______9. Before he entered the house, Monroe removed his muddy boots. ______10. That Colin Powell has agreed to speak at the university’s commencement ceremony is very exciting.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, identify the italicized clause as independent or subordinate by writing IND or SUB on the line provided. Then, classify each subordinate clause according to its use in the sentence.Write ADJ for adjective, ADV for adverb, or N for noun.
EXAMPLE __SUB, ADJ__ 1. Many hearing ear dogs are mixed breeds that have been selected from animal shelters.
______1. You probably know all about seeing eye dogs, but have you ever come across a hearing ear dog? ______2. A hearing ear dog, or hearing dog, is a specially trained dog that can alert a person with hearing impairments to important sounds. ______3. Before a hearing dog can begin training, it must demonstrate good temperament, intelligence, physical fitness, and responsibility. ______4. Most of these dogs begin training when they are between eight and sixteen months old. ______5. They learn basic obedience, and they also learn to alert their owners to certain sounds. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Worksheet 7 (continued)
______6. For instance, a hearing dog will let its owner know when the alarm clock, doorbell, or telephone rings. ______7. It will also alert its owner to certain sounds, such as smoke alarms, that may indicate danger. ______8. When training is completed, the dog’s trainer teaches the new owner how to care for the dog and keep it well trained. ______9. In most states, people who are deaf or hard of hearing may bring their hearing dogs with them when they enter stores, restaurants, hotels, and other public places. ______10. A hearing dog usually wears a bright orange or yellow collar and leash, which identify the dog as a worker.
Exercise C Underline each subordinate clause in the following sentences.Then, classify the subordinate clause according to its use in the sentence. On the line provided, write ADJ for adjective clause, ADV for adverb clause, or N for noun clause. If a sentence does not have a subordinate clause, write NONE.
EXAMPLE __ADJ__ 1. My friend Han-Ling and her family observe the Chinese New Year, which begins with the second new moon of the winter solstice.
______1. As the Chinese New Year approaches, the Tengs pay off debts, clean and repair their house, and stock up on food. ______2. They have lots of oranges, which are thought to bring good luck for the new year. ______3. Han-Ling always tries to avoid conflict at this time because she wants the new year to be one of harmony and prosperity. ______4. As a preliminary to the New Year’s celebration, her family honors the kitchen god as he departs for heaven. ______5. Traditionally, Chinese families believed that the kitchen god would report the activities of the household to the emperor. ______6. To help the kitchen god on his way, Han-Ling’s family burns incense and candles. ______7. On New Year’s Eve the family has a big meal, and then Mr. and Mrs.Teng give Han- Ling and her brother red envelopes that contain “lucky money.” ______8. Mrs.Teng lights a candle and asks that the heaven, the earth, and the ancestors bless her family in the coming year. ______9. There is no Chinese New Year Parade in our city, but many large cities in the United States have one. ______10. The highlight of every Chinese New Year Parade is the ceremonial dragon, which symbolizes strength and longevity. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 7 Worksheet 7 (continued)
Exercise D The subordinate clause in each of the following sentences is italicized. First, classify each subordinate clause by writing ADJ (adjective clause), ADV (adverb clause), or N (noun clause) on the line provided.Then, for each adjective or adverb clause, write the word or words the clause modifies. For each noun clause, tell how the clause functions in the sentence:Write S for subject, PN for predicate nominative, DO for direct object, IO for indirect object, or OP for object of a preposition.
EXAMPLEs ___ADJ, daffodils____ 1. The daffodils that I planted along the sidewalk add a splash of bright color to the front yard. ______N, DO______2. I’m hoping that my parents will let me have a slumber party.
______1. Yesterday my mother got to meet Garrett Hongo, who was giving a reading of his poetry at the university. ______2. Mr. Evans told us he was pleased with our performance during the dress rehearsal. ______3. Ms. Miller, my history teacher, is always interested in what we students have to say. ______4. When I received a postcard from my old friend Priscilla, I wrote back to her right away. ______5. The girls’ softball team, which has been plagued by injuries, has not had a successful season so far. ______6. Whoever wants to audition for the play should pick up a script from Mrs.Yoshiro. ______7. Percy Julian was a famous research chemist who owned more than one hundred patents. ______8. Mother does not understand why the peach tree in our back yard does not produce any fruit. ______9. The manager of the music store will give whoever wins the contest a free Mariah Carey CD. ______10. Although I have rearranged my room several times, it still looks cluttered. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 1 Identifying Sentences and Fragments
Exercise A Identify each of the following items as a sentence or a sentence fragment. On the line provided, write S for sentence or F for fragment.
EXAMPLEs __F__ 1. Although Joaquin plays point guard on the basketball team.
__S__ 2. Motorists must be cautious on icy bridges.
______1. Writing is Paule Marshall’s profession. ______2. In the winter, when a blanket of snow covers the hillside. ______3. Taking her time between pitches. ______4. Imala will play the solo in the concert. ______5. The new social studies teacher who will also coach the tennis team. ______6. While Claude sets up the bookshelves. ______7. Tulips, lilies, and crocuses all grow from bulbs. ______8. Which came as a great surprise to my aunt Wilma. ______9. While we were in Greece, we ate a lot of feta cheese. ______10. These pagodas, many-storied towers built by the Chinese.
Exercise B Identify each of the numbered word groups in the following paragraph as a sentence or a fragment. On the line provided after each item number, write S for sentence or F for fragment.
EXAMPLEs [1] __F__ Born in Saginaw, Michigan. [2] __S__ Stevie Wonder has been unable to see almost since birth.
[1] _____ Stevie Wonder, a popular composer, singer, and musician. [2] _____ Since he
recorded his first hit,“Fingertips,”at the age of thirteen. [3] _____ Wonder has developed into a
mature, versatile artist. [4] _____ Who has received abundant praise. [5] _____ Stevie Wonder has
written in a wide range of styles. [6] _____ From the rhythmic, soulful sound of “Superstition” to
the melodic, romantic sound of “You Are the Sunshine of My Life.”[7] _____ He has created music
for two motion pictures. [8] _____ The Woman in Red and The Adventures of Pinocchio.
[9] _____ Wonder often incorporates Jamaican and African rhythms. [10] _____ Into the music that he writes and performs. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 2 Identifying Subjects and Predicates
Exercise A On the line provided, label each italicized word group in the following sentences.Write S for complete subject, P for complete predicate, or SP for complete subject and complete predicate.
EXAMPLEs __P__ 1. Sharla often used okra pods in the gumbo.
__SP__ 2. Above the belltower, the spire rose another forty feet.
______1. The tornado suddenly changed its course. ______2. During the storm, the condition of the roads continued to worsen. ______3. We followed its tracks in the snow. ______4. This morning, the headline on the front page was two inches high. ______5. The water in the dog’s bowl froze. ______6. The current sponsor of this program signed a contract for another year. ______7. My brother likes to try unusual foods. ______8. The guitar is a musical instrument. ______9. The population of our town grew five percent last year. ______10. Our guest speaker began her talk with an amusing story.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, draw a vertical line between the complete subject and the complete predicate. Underline the simple subject or subjects once and the verb or verbs—including helping verbs—twice. Be careful not to select an object of a preposition as the simple subject, and not to include an adverb when you underline a verb.
EXAMPLE 1. The province of Ontario | attracts many tourists from the United States.
1. We hiked and fished on our vacation in Ontario. 2. My parents worked for several weeks on the preparations. 3. We packed our large tent and the dining canopy. 4. The camp stove and the lantern were also included. 5. Much of our food supply filled our packs. 6. My brother and I carefully packed our fishing gear. 7. We visited Ottawa on the way to our campsite. 8. The Canadian national holiday is Canada Day. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 9. All of the stores in Ottawa observed the holiday by closing. 10. A parade of men in kilts came down the street.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure
WORKSHEET 3 Identifying and Using Compound Subjects and Compound Verbs Exercise A In each of the following sentences, underline the subject or subjects once and the verb or verbs twice.
EXAMPLE 1. Rosa will clean the gerbil’s cage and put in fresh wood shavings.
1. Angelo took his biology book home but did not finish all of the reading. 2. Harriet Tubman escaped slavery and then worked on the Underground Railroad. 3. By tradition, kimonos are tied around the waist with a sash and worn with sandals. 4. My sister and I take swimming lessons together every summer. 5. Either Hector or Rudy will lead tomorrow’s class discussion. 6. The Buffalo Soldiers caught outlaws, protected pioneers, and patrolled the border. 7. Thomas Kyd and Robert Green were Elizabethan playwrights. 8. The bird fluffed its feathers, took a few hops, and flew away. 9. The girl and her dog ran and played for hours in the spacious, open park. 10. Mr. Elizondo cleared his throat and stepped up to the podium.
Exercise B Complete each of the following sentences by writing one part of a compound subject or compound verb in each of the blanks.You may add modifiers if you wish.
EXAMPLE 1. Rachel ___peeled___ the potatoes and then ___sliced___ them.
1. ______and ______have already visited the new art museum.
2. Liz ______and ______her theme paper.
3. ______or ______will help the student committee plan the
Earth Day festival.
4. Julio will either ______or ______his bike to the softball game.
5. ______or ______will call the restaurant to make a reservation.
6. All day long the canary just ______on its perch and ______.
7. Tamara ______the silk blouse but ______the rayon one instead.
8. ______and ______will meet us at the entrance to the stadium.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 9. During class Mr. Herrera ______their papers and ______two
selections from the literature book.
10. Was ______or ______injured in the accident?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 4 Finding the Subject and the Predicate of a Sentence
Exercise In each of the following sentences, underline the subject once and the verb twice. (Remember to underline helping verbs.) If the subject you is understood, write you in parentheses after the sentence.
EXAMPLEs1.There will be a Peoria stomp dance at the community center on Saturday.
2. Please shut the refrigerator door. (you)
1. Have you seen the Northern Lights? 2. In the United States live many Spanish-speaking people. 3. Please read The Rough-Face Girl by storyteller Rafe Martin. 4. Seldom have I seen such a colorful sunset! 5. Here stood Abraham Lincoln’s first home. 6. Down this narrow street can be found Betsy Ross’s house. 7. Does our vacation include the day of Washington’s Birthday? 8. Where was Marian Anderson born? 9. Here is the team’s football equipment. 10. Why didn’t you bring a note for your absence? 11. From the bakery came the mouthwatering smell of fresh bread. 12. Always put a collar with identification tags on your dog. 13. May I spend the money on a new tennis racket? 14. Down the stairs rushed the girl with her school books. 15. Does your sister baby-sit for the Martins? 16. There is an old rowboat at the river landing. 17. Practice your free-throw shooting on your own. 18. Around the town square are planted hundreds of cherry trees. 19. Will you get here early with the food? 20. Never had she run so fast. 21. Camille, please wash the lettuce and the tomatoes for our salad. 22. Where are the nine planets of our solar system in relation to the sun? 23. Platters of appetizing food covered the long buffet table. 24. There is a corn picker in the Mitchells’ southernmost field. 25. Kevin, please bring a bucket of cool water for the horse. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 5 Identifying and Using Complements
Exercise A In each of the following sentences, a complement is printed in italics. In the space above each complement, write PN for predicate nominative, PA for predicate adjective, DO for direct object, or IO for indirect object.
PN EXAMPLE 1. Independence Hall is an excellent example of Georgian architecture.
1. I mended the broken vase with glue. 2. A thoroughbred horse is often sensitive. 3. Sarah Vaughan was a famous jazz singer. 4. The mechanic showed us where the brakes were worn. 5. Lauro Cavazos became secretary of education in 1988. 6. Mrs. Jensen’s hobby became a profitable business. 7. Carl receives a high price for his ship models. 8. I often give the dog its bath on Saturday. 9. The younger children sometimes feel lonesome for a day or two. 10. Harpists don’t use their little fingers.
Exercise B Underline each complement in the following sentences. Then, in the space above each complement, write PN for predicate nominative, PA for predicate adjective, or DO for direct object. Note: A sentence may have more than one complement.
PN EXAMPLE 1. Sand paintings are part of many Navajo ceremonies.
1. A few voters can change the outcome of an election. 2. The new weather forecaster is my cousin! 3. A library contains the memories of the human race. 4. Traveler’s checks are acceptable almost anywhere in the world. 5. This television program brings a great university into your home. 6. Jennifer could have been the woman in the first act of the play. 7. Amtrak’s Metroliners speed passengers from Washington, D.C., to New York City in less than three hours. 8. The first television broadcasts were flickery and dim.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 9. The dominant color in Gail’s painting is green. 10. The pork chow mein at this restaurant is delicious.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 6 Identifying Direct and Indirect Objects
Exercise In the following sentences, underline the direct objects once and any indirect objects twice. Note: Not every sentence has an indirect object.
EXAMPLE 1. Lucy gave me that article by Daniel Garza.
1. The coach offered Diane a place on the team. 2. Valerie Brisco won three gold medals at the 1984 Olympics. 3. In Caddo tales, Coyote plays the role of the trickster. 4. The state gives a test to each new driver. 5. We then told Mrs. Rivera our side of the story. 6. Ms. Meyer gave herself the smallest portion of the pie. 7. The little girl carried a bouquet of flowers. 8. This course gives you an overall view. 9. The farmer showed us the best place to plant. 10. You can’t tell my brother anything about music. 11. Members of this club read books to persons who are visually impaired. 12. Mrs. Bondy handed the shopping list to her husband. 13. Did Mrs. Carney offer Jill another job yesterday? 14. You should give your speech more expression. 15. The dog found itself a warm place in the kitchen. 16. The Parents’ Club bought a videotape machine for the school. 17. The druggist sold me some sunblock. 18. A slight blur gives a picture the effect of real action. 19. The Kings are selling Sonia their old car. 20. Will you serve Mandarin pancakes with the Moo Shu chicken? 21. Jonathan, please offer Grandmother Lenz your chair. 22. A volcanic eruption throws lava, cinders, and ash into the air. 23. Would you please show me the pictures of your vacation? 24. Meteorologists can give us only short-term weather predictions. 25. At the banquet, the mayor presented the head of the chamber of commerce a plaque for outstanding service. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 7 Classifying Sentences by Purpose
Exercise A Classify each of the following sentences by purpose. On the line provided, write DEC for declarative, IMP for imperative, INT for interrogative, or EXC for exclamatory.
EXAMPLEs __IMP__ 1. Please hand me a sheet of blue construction paper.
__INT__ 2. Will we have time to eat dinner before the concert?
______1. The ancient Romans made combs, buttons, and hair ornaments from ivory. ______2. Have you heard the new Sarah McLachlan CD yet? ______3. Russell Wong is one of Andy’s favorite movie actors. ______4. What an incredible view of the beach we have! ______5. Fold each flier twice, and place it in an envelope. ______6. Somebody call the rescue squad right away! ______7. We spent several days of our vacation in Seattle. ______8. How far south do the Rocky Mountains extend? ______9. Turn left at the next intersection. ______10. How beautiful New Hampshire is in the fall!
Exercise B Classify each sentence in the following paragraph by purpose. On the line provided, write DEC for declarative, IMP for imperative, INT for interrogative, or EXC for exclamatory.
EXAMPLE [1] _DEC_ My neighbor, Ginny, showed me how to make scrapbooks using three-ring binders.
[1] ______What a thoughtful and lovely gift a personalized, custom-made scrapbook can be! [2] ______Start with a standard three-ring binder that has clear plastic sleeves on the front and back covers. [3] ______The binder can be any thickness. [4] ______Decorate the cover by making collages or drawings and slipping them into the clear sleeves. [5] ______Can you think of a good theme to guide the artwork for your scrapbook? [6] ______Next, fill the binder with high- quality sheet protectors. [7] ______These can be found at office supply stores and are the perfect way to protect your paper mementos. [8] ______Now you can arrange your photos, menus, ticket stubs, greeting cards, and other items on a piece of paper or card stock. [9] ______Tack them down lightly with tape, and slip the page into the sheet protector. [10] ______How creative can
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin you be with your layouts?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure
WORKSHEET 8 Recognizing Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences Exercise A Classify each of the following sentences by its structure. On the line provided, write S if the sentence is a simple sentence and CD if it is a compound sentence.
EXAMPLEs1.CD We passed the street, but we failed to see the sign.
S 2. We passed the street but failed to see the sign.
______1. The waves pound the rocks and gradually break them up into sand. ______2. I don’t mind washing dishes, but I don’t like to scrape pots and pans. ______3. Chuck missed the throw, and Masako was safe on second base. ______4. The works of the artist Frank Day helped preserve the traditions of the Maidu people. ______5. Should I save my money for college or buy a guitar? ______6. Justin prepared the batter, and Nalani made the tempura dip. ______7. The children removed their shoes and socks and waded in the pool. ______8. We hired painters to paint the house, but they didn’t do the job. ______9. The advertising must be truthful, or the newspaper will refuse it. ______10. Please thank the members for attending and for bringing sandwiches.
Exercise B On the line provided, classify each of the following sentences according to its structure. Use these abbreviations: S for simple sentence, CD for compound sentence, CX for complex sentence, and CD-CX for compound-complex sentence.
EXAMPLEs __S__ 1. The Maya built magnificent stone pyramids and placed small temples on the summits.
__CX__ 2. After the Maya built magnificent stone pyramids, they placed small temples on the summits.
______1. The Maya lived in Central America, and they built a remarkable civilization that flourished from about A.D. 250 to 900. ______2. The Maya farmed and kept bees for honey. ______3. Their society included two million persons, and the king of each city governed the commoners. ______4. The Maya achieved outstanding success in astronomy; they also developed an advanced arithmetic. ______5. Although Mayan cities were centers for religious activity, they may have had no permanent inhabitants. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Sentence Structure WORKSHEET 9 Test
Exercise A Some of the following items are complete sentences, and some are sentence fragments. If an item is a complete sentence, write S on the line provided and underline the subject or subjects once and the verb or verbs twice. If the subject you is understood, write you in parentheses after the sentence. Note: A subject or verb may be compound. If the item is a sentence fragment, write F on the line provided.
EXAMPLEs1.S We rode the donkeys to the bottom of the canyon. F 2. When the game went into overtime. S 3. Please shut the door. (you)
______1. Vicki used a pair of heavy oven mitts to remove the casserole from the oven. ______2. Over her desk hangs a large, framed portrait of Virginia Woolf. ______3. In her first full year as a professional golfer, Nancy Lopez won nine tournaments. ______4. Making our costumes for the Halloween party on Saturday. ______5. My brother and his friends have been riding their bikes all afternoon. ______6. The kitten with its favorite toy, a little stuffed mouse. ______7. There is a book about India on the bottom shelf. ______8. Read The Good Earth or Dragon Seed by Pearl Buck. ______9. When Monica Seles won the French Open championship three years in a row. ______10. Uncle Ted rose early and made breakfast for the whole family.
Exercise B Most of the following sentences contain at least one complement. Underline each complement.Then, classify the complement(s) by writing, on the line provided, PN for predicate nominative, PA for predicate adjective, DO for direct object, or IO for indirect object. If a sentence does not have a complement, write NONE.
EXAMPLEs1.PN Arlene has been a member of the debate team for two years. NONE 2. We traveled to the island and back by ferry.
______1. Marion has read almost all of Yoshiko Uchida’s books. ______2. Julie bought Wynton Marsalis’s new CD at the music store in the mall. ______3. Both Zuri and her brother write for the school newspaper. ______4. Mr. Talbot will be the host of the awards ceremony. ______5. With a broad smile and an exuberant gesture, Neil handed his mother the gift. ______6. Wendy was happy to leave early.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______7. The bread on the top of the refrigerator looks rather moldy. ______8. Karli has made her aunt a beautiful ceramic vase as a birthday present.
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Worksheet 9 (continued)
______9. By the end of the game, the relief pitcher had become the team hero. ______10. Vicki Manalo Draves was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1969.
Exercise C In each of the following sentences, underline the sentence part indicated in italics.
EXAMPLE direct object 1. My grandparents built their own house and lived in it for forty-eight years.
complete subject 1. That man carrying the iguana on his shoulder is a friend of my father. complete predicate 2. At the bookstore Melinda thumbed through Isak Dinesen’s autobiography, Out of Africa. predicate nominative 3. Mary Tyler Moore was the cofounder of MTM, a television production company. predicate adjective 4. The mushroom crêpes at this restaurant are always delicious. direct object 5. Mandy has taken both dogs for a walk at the dog park. indirect object 6. The manager sold Lucinda the bicycle helmet at a very reasonable price. verb 7. Barbara Kimenye has written several collections of short stories, as well as numerous children’s books. predicate adjective 8. Roller disco, a combination of disco dancing and roller-skating, became popular in the 1970s. complete subject 9. The Melbourne Cup, an annual horse race in Australia, is attended by racing fans from all over the world. indirect object 10. The company president sent every employee an embossed invitation to the Christmas party.
Exercise D Classify each of the following sentences by purpose. On the line provided, write DEC for declarative, IMP for imperative, INT for interrogative, or EXC for exclamatory.
EXAMPLE __DEC__ 1. Jonathan planted two trees on Arbor Day.
______1. How beautiful the hillside looks with all those wildflowers! ______2. Kristi’s family has two collies and a Shetland sheepdog. ______3. Shut the door right now! ______4. How many Emmy Awards has Oprah Winfrey won? ______5. Read Chapter 2, and answer questions 1 through 12. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 8 Worksheet 9 (continued)
Exercise E Classify each of the following sentences by structure. On the line provided, write S for simple, CD for compound, CX for complex, or CD-CX for compound-complex.
EXAMPLE __S__ 1. Mr.Tomlin moved to Portland, Maine, fifteen years ago and has lived there ever since.
______1. Kabuki plays, which feature colorful costumes and spectacular scenery, are a traditional form of Japanese drama. ______2. Did Scott Joplin, a leading composer of ragtime music, gain fame for “Maple Leaf Rag” and other songs like it? ______3. All plants need water, but few plants grow well in soil that is poorly drained. ______4. Space shuttles carry artificial satellites into orbit around the earth and can retrieve the satellites when they need repairs. ______5. Max wants to have the old desk refinished by a professional, but he has to save the money first. ______6. Clay animation, or Claymation, is a type of puppet animation that uses figures made of clay. ______7. This is a charming old house; however, it could use a bit of work. ______8. When lunch was finished, Aunt Lily helped us with the dishes, and then we all piled into the car and headed for the lake. ______9. For some reason that I don’t quite understand, the computer will not let me access the program I need. ______10. Please pick up Grandmother at the airport and then go immediately to the church. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Writing Complete Sentences WORKSHEET 1 Identifying Sentence Fragments
Exercise In some of the following items, both word groups are complete sentences. In other items, one word group is a complete sentence and one is a fragment that should be connected to the sentence. If an item contains only complete sentences, write C on the line provided. If an item contains a fragment, write F and underline the fragment.
EXAMPLEs1.C Phyllis answered the telephone. It was her mother. F 2. I read the list of winners. Hoping to see my name.
______1. We tried to find something unusual. That Lydia didn’t already have. ______2. In the middle of the night. I thought that I heard footsteps. ______3. Andy doesn’t have to look for jobs. Jobs come to him. ______4. Beginning next semester. Each pupil must have two study periods. ______5. I enjoyed hearing from you. And hope you will write again soon. ______6. At the buffet we found samosas. An Indian appetizer. ______7. Although he often struck out. Babe Ruth was a great hitter. ______8. Sculptor José de Rivera has won numerous awards. His work can be found in major American museums. ______9. Being interested in astronomy. I have ordered a telescope. ______10. In comparison with the ancient buildings of Europe. Our oldest buildings are young. ______11. We spent three days at Virginia Beach. A famous ocean resort of the South. ______12. The musical tribute to Jelly Roll Morton was a great success. Everyone enjoyed the program. ______13. Pupils may bring their own lunches. Or eat in the cafeteria. ______14. Their apartment is so neat. That I don’t feel comfortable in it. ______15. By the number of rings in a tree’s trunk.You can tell its age. ______16. Bianca’s family will visit Wupatki National Monument.Where they will see prehistoric Indian dwellings. ______17. The crocodile spends most of its time in the water. It often looks like a floating log. ______18. My parents always welcome my friends. And try to make them feel at home. ______19. We are now ready for our next step. Rinsing the film in water. ______20. Guessing people’s weights.Yvonne worked at our carnival. ______21. Basketball is a fast game.You have to make quick decisions. ______22. Whenever I try to show off my dog. He refuses to perform.
______23. This booklet lists all bridge terms. And explains their meanings. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______24. Ellen was walking with her visitor. A young man from France. ______25. Three songs on this CD feature the Hawaiian steel guitar. This instrument was invented by Joseph Kekuku.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Writing Complete Sentences WORKSHEET 2 Identifying and Correcting Sentence Fragments
Exercise A On the line provided, label each item either F for fragment or S for sentence.
EXAMPLEs1.F Auditioning for Rudolfo Anaya’s play. S 2. Jahi knows how to tune a piano.
______1. Which was generous pay for the job. ______2. The pay for the job was generous. ______3. For the first time in my life. ______4. Our ancestors’ first boat was undoubtedly a log. ______5. Intending to complete my essay in the morning. ______6. Because I had forgotten to set my alarm clock. ______7. Which seemed to me a very feeble excuse. ______8. The road being too narrow for turning around. ______9. As though he didn’t believe my story. ______10. Hula dances tell stories.
Exercise B On the line provided before or after each fragment, write an independent clause—with a subject and a verb—to which the fragment can be attached.
EXAMPLE 1. Living near a lake, the children often went swimming.
1. ______although I had never played tennis on a hard court before. 2. Glancing over her test after she got it back from the teacher, ______. 3. Unless I get good grades, ______. 4. ______by a very large majority. 5. Startled by the noise, ______. 6. ______, which is a fascinating game. 7. By the look on Koko’s face, ______. 8. Because Silvia was absent for the entire week we studied Shakespeare, ______. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 9. ______hoping to meet my friend. 10. ______for the rest of the week.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Writing Complete Sentences WORKSHEET 3 Making Complete Sentences
Exercise The following passage is not divided into sentences, only into paragraphs. Place end punctuation and change lowercase letters to capitals at each point where one sentence ends and another begins.You should have twenty sentences when you are finished.
When Texans declared their independence from Mexico in 1836, the Mexican government sent an army under the command of General Santa Anna to subdue the rebels the army crossed the Rio Grande and marched on San Antonio, where some of the Texans had taken over the Alamo, an old Spanish mission on February 23, 1836, the Mexican forces, which numbered several thousand, surrounded the old mission and laid siege to it. Inside the Alamo, the Texan forces, which included the famous frontiersmen Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett, were under the command of Colonel William Travis they intended to defend the Alamo as long as they could so that General Sam Houston, the military leader of the Texas rebellion, would have time to organize an army in order to survive inside the mission, the defenders had laid in cattle and a supply of grain they also had a couple of dozen cannons, but the fact that not everyone knew how to fire them limited the usefulness of the weapons. Colonel Travis realized that they could not hold out long on their own against the Mexican army, so he sent a courier to ask for reinforcements a few more men came to the aid of the Texans in the Alamo, but the total number of defenders came to only 184 some say that during the siege Colonel Travis drew a line in the sand and said that anyone who was willing to stay and defend the Alamo should step over the line, although others say that this never happened according to the story, everyone in the Alamo but one stepped over the line Travis sent out two more couriers to ask for help, but no one else was able to come to the Alamo’s aid. Before dawn on the morning of March 6, 1836, thirteen days after the siege had begun, the Mexican army stormed the Alamo no one knows for sure how long the attack lasted, but finally the Mexican army broke through a hole in the wall of the mission’s courtyard and overwhelmed the much smaller force of Texans Santa Anna ordered that no prisoners be taken, so all of the Alamo’s defenders were killed, although fifteen women and children who had been living in the mission survived. The time Santa Anna lost in defeating the troops at the Alamo and the casualties his army suffered, which were heavy, delayed the Mexicans long enough for General Houston to organize the Texan forces six weeks after the battle at the Alamo, Santa Anna’s army was resting in open country near the San Jacinto River General Houston’s army, which was somewhat smaller than Santa Anna’s, surprised the Mexican troops in broad daylight and defeated them the Texans captured Santa Anna, who agreed to recognize the independence of Texas and to return with his © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing troops to Mexico although no one can ever be sure, many believe that the defense of the Alamo by Colonel Travis and his men made Texas independence possible.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Writing Complete Sentences WORKSHEET 4 Identifying and Revising Run-on Sentences
Exercise a Some of the following items are run-on sentences. If an item is a run-on sentence, write R on the line provided. If the item is a correct sentence, write C.
EXAMPLE __R__ 1. Carmen will move this summer, her mother has been transferred.
______1. They did not want to move, but Mrs. Evler received a promotion. ______2. When they move, the Evler family will be near San Francisco. ______3. A famous university is in Palo Alto, it offers many opportunities. ______4. Carmen may visit some California vineyards, they are very interesting. ______5. The family can also visit Hollywood, which offers many popular sights. ______6. Before it was part of the United States, California was a part of Mexico, it had many Spanish-speaking settlers. ______7. The mission at San Juan Capistrano is famous; swallows return there every year on the same date. ______8. There are also many citizens of Chinese ancestry, San Francisco’s Chinatown is well known. ______9. The state has a diverse climate, there are mountains and deserts. ______10. Do I wish I were moving to California, would I like it there?
Exercise b Some of the following items are run-on sentences. If an item is a run-on sentence, revise it by rewriting it correctly on the line provided. If an item is already a correct sentence, write C on the line.
EXAMPLEs1.Scientists use liters to measure the volume of a liquid. C
2. A liter can be divided into 1,000 equal parts, each part is a milliliter. A liter can be divided into 1,000 equal parts. Each part is a milliliter. ____
1. The English system of measurement is used in the United States, it is not widely used elsewhere. ______2. Most countries use the metric system scientists everywhere use it to record experiments. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Worksheet 4 (continued)
3. In order to do their experiments, scientists need a uniform system of measurement, the metric system enables them to communicate easily with one another. ______4. American students are taught the metric system, they use the system in their science classes. ______5. Although learning a new system may seem confusing at first, it is necessary. ______6. We are used to measuring in quarts, pounds, and feet, therefore, we think this familiar system is easier. ______7. Units of the metric system can be divided by ten, the system is easy to use. ______8. A meter can be divided into 100 equal parts, the word for each one of these parts is called a centimeter, which comes from the Latin words for “hundred” and “measure.” ______
9. If you compare an inch and a centimeter, you will see that an inch is equal to about 2-1/2 centimeters. ______
10. The English system measures weight in ounces and pounds the metric system measures it in grams and kilograms. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Writing Complete Sentences WORKSHEET 5 Test
Exercise A On the line provided, label each item using the following abbreviations: F for fragment; C for correct sentence; R for run-on sentence.
EXAMPLE __R__ 1. Dog-sitting is fun, it is quite a bit of work.
______1. Keeping the Sanchezes’ dog, Chula, while they are away. ______2. They have gone to Ohio, where they will visit their relatives. ______3. The dog belongs to Ruben his mother usually takes care of it. ______4. After the sudden storm swept in over the bay. ______5. The dog was frightened by the thunder, she hid under the table. ______6. I used a dog biscuit to coax her out into the open. ______7. The animal is too large to sit in my lap she tried to get very close. ______8. When the sky cleared and the sun finally came out. ______9. The dog barked fiercely at the letter carrier, who doesn’t like dogs. ______10. The letter carrier left my letters in my neighbor’s mailbox, no one likes to be bitten. ______11. Actually, very gentle and sweet in spite of the bark. ______12. After a few days, I fixed a run for Chula in the shady part of the back yard. ______13. Becoming lost since she didn’t know the neighborhood. ______14. It was very hot, therefore the animal lay in the shade and panted. ______15. I hadn’t realized that taking care of a dog was so much work. ______16. Thinking twice about offering to dog-sit again. ______17. They came back a day early I felt relieved. ______18. Chula is really a nice dog, and I shouldn’t complain. ______19. I thought I wanted to own a dog, now I’m not so sure. ______20. After I had fed and walked and groomed one for a week.
Exercise B On the lines provided, rewrite the following paragraphs to correct the fragments and run-on sentences. Change the punctuation and capitalization wherever necessary.
EXAMPLE When Heinrich Schliemann excavated a great mound of earth at Troy. He found the ruins of nine cities. When Heinrich Schliemann excavated a great mound of earth at Troy, he_____
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin found the ruins of nine cities.
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 9 Worksheet 5 (continued)
A number of ancient cities have been discovered. Completely buried many feet below the surface of the ground. Since no one deliberately buries a city. We wonder by what process this happens. The explanation is very simple in the case of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city. Vesuvius
erupted in A.D. 79, it poured masses of lava and ashes over the doomed city. However, such a fate was unusual. Most buried cities were covered up by a more gradual process. Which may have taken thousands of years.______
Nowadays when a building is torn down. Powerful trucks haul the rubble away before new construction is started. In ancient times, however, people found it simpler to build right on top of the rubble. Using some of the old material in the new structure. Consequently, the new structure was at a higher level than the previous one. Often an entire city was destroyed by war, fire, or flood, then the new city would be built on the ruins of the old. Thus the level of a city grew higher. As time went on. Some cities were deserted because of epidemics, lack of water, or fear of enemies. After many years, buildings would begin to collapse as a result of neglect and the effects of wind and rain. Huge amounts of sand might be deposited by strong winds from the desert, sometimes the surrounding jungle would close in, hiding the buildings for many years. ______
______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 1 Using Adjectives, Adverbs, and Prepositional Phrases to Combine Sentences Exercise Combine each of the following groups of sentences into one smooth sentence. Use adjectives, adverbs, or prepositional phrases to make the combinations.
EXAMPLE 1. We wait for the announcement. We wait impatiently. The announcement is important. We wait impatiently for the important announcement.
1. The river flows from the lake. It flows northward. It flows into the city. ______2. Dams on the river create water power. The water power is for the paper mills. The paper mills are along the river’s banks. ______3. Wood pulp is obtained. The wood pulp is for making paper. It is obtained from many kinds of trees. ______4. Tiny fibers are mixed with water and squeezed. The tiny fibers are wood fibers. They are squeezed between rollers. ______5. Paper made from wood pulp is used for newspapers. It is used for paper towels. It is used for other inexpensive papers. ______
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 2 Using Participial Phrases to Combine Sentences
Exercise Using at least one participial phrase, combine each of the following groups of sentences. Note: Be sure to place the participial phrase near the word it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. The cat was frightened by the storm. It hid under the sofa. Frightened by the storm, the cat hid under the sofa.
1. My father found my name on the honor roll. He was reading the newspaper. ______2. The fans were stamping their feet and clapping. They called the singing group back for an encore. ______3. Cars were parked on the street during street-cleaning hours. They were given tickets by the police. ______4. The words of the song inspired me. They were composed by Stevie Wonder. ______5. The hotel is a traveler’s paradise. It overlooks the Adriatic Sea. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 3 Using Participial Phrases to Combine Sentences
Exercise Using at least one participial phrase, combine each of the following groups of sentences. Note: Be sure to place the participial phrase near the word it modifies.
EXAMPLE 1. She picked up the magazine. She looked for the article on financial aid for college. Picking up the magazine, she looked for the article on financial aid for college.
1. Alan delivered his oral report. It compared American and British movies. ______2. Cynthia Kadohata writes popular stories about family relationships. She draws from her own experiences. ______3. The commuter train crept into the station. The train was loaded with passengers. ______4. Ella Fitzgerald became famous for her scat singing. Ella Fitzgerald is considered one of the best vocalists in jazz history. ______5. Reynold returned the package. The package was filled with broken parts. Reynold asked for a refund. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 4 Using Participial Phrases to Combine Sentences
Exercise A Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing one sentence into a participial phrase and inserting it into the other sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. Madeleine Albright took charge of the U.S. State Department in 1997. She became the first woman to serve as secretary of state. Taking charge of the U.S. State Department in 1997, Madeleine Albright became the first woman to serve as secretary of state.
1. Sharks are carnivorous. They live mainly on other fish. ______2. Ruben had the evening free. He offered to baby-sit for our neighbors. ______3. The attendance varies. It depends on the interest in the game. ______4. The dog suffered from the heat. It lay quietly on the floor near the fan. ______5. I spent several hours in the library. I looked up material on careers. ______
Exercise B Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing one sentence into a participial phrase and inserting it into the other sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. Kachinas are carved wooden dolls.They are given to Hopi children to teach them about ancestral spirits. Kachinas are carved wooden dolls given to Hopi children to teach them ____ about ancestral spirits. ______
1. The class visited a bank. They were accompanied by their teacher. ______2. I found my report card. It was buried under a pile of newspapers. ______3. The trout were broiled over a charcoal fire. They had a wonderful flavor. ______4. The article was written hastily. It contained many inaccuracies.
______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 5. The Vikings crossed the Atlantic Ocean in open boats. The boats were propelled by sails and oars. ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 5 Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases to Combine Sentences Exercise Using appositives or appositive phrases, combine each of the following groups of sentences into one sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. Only one course meets during this period. It is journalism. Only one course, journalism, meets during this period.______
1. I set up an appointment with my guidance counselor. She is Ms. Kosky. ______2. I have scheduled three elective classes. They are journalism, American history, and chemistry. ______3. Calle Ocho is held annually in Miami. Calle Ocho is a festival celebrating Latin American culture and heritage. ______4. The committee decided to cancel the field trip. The field trip was a tour of Baker’s Museum. ______5. Just inside the doors there is a large abstract sculpture. It was a gift from the school’s alumni. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 6 Using Appositives and Appositive Phrases to Combine Sentences Exercise Using appositives or appositive phrases, combine each of the following groups of sentences into one sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. The author of the story came to speak at the university. The author of the story was Alice Walker. The author of the story, Alice Walker, came to speak at the university.
1. The Chinese have given the world many inventions. The Chinese are a people with a rich and varied culture. ______2. A popular sport today is soccer. Soccer is a game with two teams of eleven players each. ______3. Solar cells and solar furnaces generate electricity. Solar cells and solar furnaces are a unique answer to energy needs. ______4. Anna Howard Shaw helped to found the women’s rights movement. Anna Howard Shaw was a teacher. Anna Howard Shaw was a Methodist preacher. Anna Howard Shaw was a doctor. ______5. The party-goers were waiting at the street light. The party-goers were men in baseball uniforms. The party-goers were women in astronaut gear. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 7 Using Subjects, Verbs, and Independent Clauses to Combine Sentences Exercise Combine each of the following groups of sentences by using a compound subject or a compound verb or by writing a compound sentence. Make sure the verbs in your combined sentences agree with their subjects.
EXAMPLE 1. Mr. Lewis is building the campfire. His daughter is building the campfire. Mr. Lewis and his daughter are building the campfire. ______
1. Balsams make good Christmas trees. Douglas firs have also proved quite popular. ______2. Some Christmas trees are cut in October. They are loaded on big trucks. ______3. Coal-burning factories may pollute the air. Solar energy has no known polluting effects. ______4. The city formerly dumped its garbage in landfills. This practice caused air pollution. ______5. To help control the pollution, the city covered the trash with dirt. The city planted grass seed. ______
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 8 Using Subjects, Verbs, and Independent Clauses to Combine Sentences Exercise Combine each of the following groups of sentences by using a compound subject or a compound verb or by writing a compound sentence. Make sure the verbs in your combined sentences agree with their subjects.
EXAMPLE 1. Mr. Tokagi grows bonsai trees. He also tends an ornamental garden. Mr. Tokagi grows bonsai trees and tends an ornamental garden.
1. Local citizens enjoy the Polynesian Cultural Center on Oahu and visit it often. Tourists enjoy it, too. Tourists visit it often. ______2. Air pollution can harm city trees. Neglect can harm them also. ______3. Mrs. Hattie Carthen did not like to watch city trees die. Her friends did not like this either. ______4. The sun dance was originally performed to give thanks. Today the sun dance has a different meaning for each of the Plains Indian peoples. ______5. The Arapaho have long performed the sun dance. The Cree have long performed the sun dance. Other native peoples have also performed it. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 9 Using Adjective Clauses to Combine Sentences
Exercise Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing one sentence into an adjective clause and inserting it into the other sentence. Use the relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which, and that.
EXAMPLE 1. Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to earn a degree from a medical school in the United States. She was born in England in 1821. Elizabeth Blackwell, who was born in England in 1821, was the first woman to earn a degree from a medical school in the United States.
1. Elizabeth Blackwell wanted to practice medicine. It was an unusual career for a woman in 1847. ______2. Many physicians objected to Blackwell’s goal. These physicians thought that women should not become doctors. ______3. In the Civil War, Elizabeth Blackwell proved her ability. During the war she helped train thousands of nurses. ______4. Female doctors had to meet tough standards. Blackwell trained these women in her school. ______5. Blackwell’s belief changed the way doctors thought about medical treatment standards. Her belief was that prevention is as important as cure. ______
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 10 Using Adjective Clauses to Combine Sentences
Exercise Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing one sentence into an adjective clause and inserting it into the other sentence. Use the relative pronouns who, whom, whose, which, and that.
EXAMPLE 1. The shiba inu is a small dog. It was once used by the Japanese for hunting. The shiba inu is a small dog that was once used by the Japanese for hunting.
1. Dismal Swamp contains many animals. It lies in Virginia and North Carolina. ______2. The movie is a thriller. It is based on a true spy story. ______3. The guinea pig is a member of the rodent order. It is not a pig at all. ______4. The mountain laurel has glossy leaves. They are poisonous when eaten. ______5. Rita saw the lightning strike. She was standing at the window. ______6. The word oua-oua is French. It means “bowwow.” ______7. Sail and sale sound the same but have different meanings. They are called homophones. ______8. The word kosher is a Hebrew word meaning “fit”or “proper.” It usually refers to food. ______9. The crowd cheered Carrie. Her hit had won the game. ______10. Count Basie influenced the “bop”and “cool”styles of jazz. These styles developed during the 1940s. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 11 Using Adverb Clauses to Combine Sentences
Exercise Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing one sentence into an adverb clause and inserting it into the other sentence. Be sure to use a subordinating conjunction that makes sense in your sentence.
EXAMPLE 1. I can begin the race. I must tighten my shoelaces. Before I can begin the race, I must tighten my shoelaces.
1. Sammy Lee made history. He won gold medals in diving in two consecutive Olympics. ______2. You have completed this job application. Mail it in. ______3. Roberta has not yet written a thank-you note to Eloise. Eloise sent her a birthday present. ______4. Juan works on his homework in the morning. He comes to school. ______5. We were in the supermarket. Someone tripped over a basket and fell. ______6. Wendy bought a new scarf in the fall. She wasn’t sure that she needed it. ______7. You want a different kind of cereal. You must write the name on the shopping list. ______8. Irene takes piano lessons every week. She wants to improve her skill. ______9. Steve collects political buttons for any campaign. He can find them. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 10. Mr. and Mrs. Hena toured the Junipero Serra Museum. They were in San Diego. ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 12 Using Noun Clauses to Combine Sentences
Exercise Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing one sentence into a noun clause and inserting it into the other sentence.The hints in parentheses will tell you how to begin the noun clause.
EXAMPLE 1. Someone is knocking on my door. I don’t know the person. ( Use who.) I don’t know who is knocking on my door.
1. Can we get to the National Museum of African Art from here? I forgot to ask how. ( Use how.) ______2. Pilar’s father speaks four languages. I found out when I went to her house for dinner. ( Use that.) ______3. The moon causes the tide to rise and fall. Most people know this fact. ( Use that.) ______4. We lost the game. There is only one explanation for this fact. ( Use why.) ______5. The shoppers had parked their cars somewhere in the mall’s parking lot. They couldn’t remember the location. ( Use where.) ______6. Who has been elected class president? Mr. Clark asked me this question. ( Use who.) ______7. Banks pay interest on savings accounts. How they do so is baffling to me. ( Use how.) ______8. The muumuu was introduced in Hawaii by early missionaries. Our hostess told us this fact. ( Use that.) ______9. Dangerous pollutants could have been fouling the air. We wanted to know. ( Use how.) ______10. Susie Maroney had swum from Cuba to Florida. I could not believe it. ( Use that.) ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 13 Using Parallel Structure
Exercise a Most of the following sentences are out of balance because they lack parallel structure. On the lines provided, rewrite each sentence, giving it parallel structure. If a sentence already has parallel structure, write C.
EXAMPLE 1. Being compassionate and because she knows a lot about animals, Jessica will make a good veterinarian. Because she is compassionate_ and knows a lot about animals, Jessica will make a good veterinarian.______
1. Rafael delivered his speech with confidence and enthusiastically. ______2. In 1923 Garrett Morgan patented a traffic light with red, yellow, and green lights that looked very different from today’s traffic lights. ______3. Mrs. Shapiro had heard about the new hockey league but not that there would be a team in Greensboro. ______4. The selection at the downtown CD store is better than going to the mall. ______5. I have traveled by bus, by train, and by subway,but never by boat. ______6. Thelma likes playing the clarinet, to march in the band, and watching the football games. ______7. The advertisement claims that this toothpaste kills more germs and prevents more cavities than any other toothpaste. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Worksheet 13 (continued)
8. My friend Ray is loyal, fun-loving, and shows kindness to everyone. ______
9. The doctor told Uncle Lawrence that he should eat more healthful foods and to start an exercise program. ______10. I want a new lathe, a good workbench, and to have enough time to finish making the table. ______
Exercise b Below each of the following incomplete sentences are two expressions. Complete each sentence by choosing the expression that makes the sentence parallel. On the line provided, write the letter (a or b) of the expression you choose.
EXAMPLE 1. A volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust through which a . a. lava, rocks, ashes, b. it throws rocks and and gases escape ashes, and lava and gases escape
1. Volcanoes have inspired both fascination and _____. a. people feared them b. fear in people throughout throughout history history 2. This fear is caused partially by our lack of understanding of the causes of volcanoes and _____. a. partially by our inability to b. partially because we are unable control them to control them 3. Not only are volcanoes very destructive, _____. a. they provide benefits b. they also can be very beneficial 4. Lava rock is used in building roads, and _____. a. pumice, a glass that comes b. they use pumice, a glass from lava, is used for that comes from lava, for grinding and polishing grinding and polishing materials materials 5. Countries with many volcanoes, such as Italy, Mexico, and New Zealand, use underground steam as a source of energy, and _____. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing a. homes in Reykjavik, b. Reykjavik, Iceland, uses water Iceland, are heated with from volcanic hot springs to water from volcanic hot heat homes springs
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 14 Rewriting Stringy and Wordy Sentences
Exercise A Most of the following sentences are either stringy or wordy. On the lines provided, rewrite each sentence to make it less stringy or wordy. If a sentence does not need improving, write C. Some sentences may be rewritten as two sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. My brother’s chemistry kit has a number of confusing directions, and they are hard to understand. _My brother’s chemistry kit has a number of confusing directions._
1. Earline walked into the clothing store, and she saw a blouse, and she really liked it, so she tried it on. ______
2. We woke up early, and we watched the sunrise from the balcony, and then we took a long walk on the beach, and it was relaxing. ______3. The singer I like most and who is my favorite singer is Céline Dion. ______4. Quanah Parker was a Comanche chief who led his people against white settlers to try to save the buffalo. ______5. Mr. Sanders manages a hardware store, and he usually enjoys his work, but one thing he doesn’t like is taking inventory. ______6. The basketball team is made up of very talented, hard-working players who are very good players and practice hard. ______7. What I need to tell you is that the debate team has now won five consecutive debate tournaments in a row. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Worksheet 14 (continued)
8. The grocery store, badly damaged by the tornado, had to be closed for two months. ______9. The temperature was a boiling ninety degrees, and this was in the shade, and we were very uncomfortable all afternoon. ______10. I wonder if you would direct me to the facility that loans out books to members of the public. ______
Exercise B Most of the sentences in the following paragraph are wordy. On the lines provided, rewrite the paragraph to make it more concise.
EXAMPLE 1. From time to time throughout the year, we should take some time from our busy schedules to think about the meaning of what patriotism means to each of us. 1. From time to time, we should think about the meaning of patriotism.
Patriotism has existed in many countries throughout the world, and it has existed for many centuries of time. If you take a close look at the culture of a country, you surely will find many examples of patriotism.This patriotism is shown by many paintings by artists of the leaders of different countries and of historical events in those countries, by the many songs written by composers praising the different countries, by the many works of literature written to praise a country or its activities, and by slogans created to show support for certain movements during times of stress such as war and revolution.The influence of patriotism can increase the strength of a country by encouraging emotional ties to the people, the government, and the customs of that country. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences
WORKSHEET 15 Varying Sentence Structures and Sentence Beginnings Exercise The following paragraph consists of simple sentences constructed in the basic subject-verb pattern. On the lines provided, revise the paragraph, varying sentence structures and sentence beginnings to make the writing smoother and livelier.
EXAMPLE I go see the fireworks with my family every Fourth of July. This year was no exception. Every Fourth of July I go see the fireworks with my family, and this year was no exception.
Mom packed cheese, crackers, grapes, and iced tea to take to the park. I helped her.We picked up my friend Emily on our way to the park.We got to the park.We found a nice level spot and spread out the blankets. Emily and I munched cheese and crackers. Mom and Dad played word games to pass the time. The band finally began to play. They played a medley of patriotic tunes. They began to play the beginning of “God Bless America.”The fireworks began. The splashes of color and constantly changing designs were beautiful against the black sky. The grand finale mesmerized us all.We gathered our food and blankets and headed for home.We would always remember the inspiring music, the crackling sounds, and the “oohs”and “aahs”of the crowd. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Writing Effective Sentences WORKSHEET 16 Test
Exercise A Combine each of the following pairs of sentences by changing the italicized sentence into the kind of phrase or clause specified in parentheses. On the lines provided, rewrite the combined sentences, using correct capitalization and punctuation.
EXAMPLE 1. The Temple of Artemis was one of the most complicated temples. This temple was built in ancient times. (past participial phrase) The Temple of_ Artemis was one of the most complicated temples built in ancient times.
1. Only one wonder of the ancient world survives today. This is a sad fact. (noun clause) ______2. The first wonder of the ancient world is a group of pyramids. They still stand in Egypt. (present participial phrase) ______3. The second wonder is often listed as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. They were supposedly
constructed around 600 B.C. (adjective clause) ______4. They were laid out on terraces on top of a building. The gardens stood above the ground. (past participial phrase) ______5. The third wonder was a 40-foot statue of Zeus. It was made of solid gold and ivory. (past participial phrase) ______
6. The fourth wonder, the beautiful Temple of Artemis, was destroyed in A.D. 262. The Goths invaded. (adverb clause beginning with when) ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Worksheet 16 (continued)
7. The British Museum owns fragments of the fifth wonder. It was a huge tomb in Asia Minor built by a queen for her dead husband. (adjective clause) ______8. The statue of Helios called the Colossus of Rhodes took twelve years to build. It took only
one earthquake in 224 B.C. to destroy it. (adverb clause beginning with although) ______9. The seventh wonder was a great lighthouse. It was built off the coast of Egypt in the third
century B.C. (past participial phrase) ______10. Our teacher told us this. The Grand Canyon is one of the seven natural wonders of the world. ______
Exercise B For each item below, combine the sentences, and write your combined sentence on the lines provided. Add punctuation where necessary.
EXAMPLE 1. Gustav Holst was a composer. He was British. He wrote a suite for orchestra. The suite was called The Planets. Gustav Holst was a British composer who wrote a suite for orchestra called The Planets.__ __
1. Sophomores consult the guidance department. They consult the department regularly. They receive information. The information covers career choices. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Worksheet 16 (continued)
2. Walden is a book. It is by Henry David Thoreau. It tells about a year. The year was spent in a cabin. The cabin was near Walden Pond. ______3. Galen was a famous physician. He lived during the second century. He added to our knowledge of the body. He discovered facts about the arteries, the brain, and the nervous system. ______4. Spinach is a hardy plant. It originated in Asia. It thrives in cool weather. Spinach is rich in vitamins A and C. It is also rich in iron. ______5. The afternoon paper had been thrown carelessly by the news carrier. The paper had unfolded. The paper was scattered around the yard. The paper was scattered in pieces. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 10 Worksheet 16 (continued)
Exercise C On the lines provided, revise the following paragraph to improve the style. Fix any stringy or wordy sentences and vary sentence structures and beginnings.
EXAMPLE We moved into our new house.We had a painting party. Three of my parents’ friends came to the party, and so did my stepsister and her husband, Arturo, and it was hard work, but it was fun, too. When we moved into our new house, we had a painting party. Three of my parents’___ friends came to the party, along with my stepsister and her husband, Arturo. It was hard work, but it was fun, too.
The party that began early on Saturday afternoon was continuing until seven in the evening.We treated our guests to lunch first.The lunch was sandwiches and vegetable soup.We moved all the furniture to the middle of the living room.We were careful.We covered the floor with dropcloths. Each person had a specific job to do that was the certain job assigned to them. Mom and her friend Sylvia used the roller on the walls, for instance. Arturo and I painted the trim.We finished painting in about three hours, and Dad ordered pizza for everyone, and then we all relaxed and had a good time together. I was exhausted but with a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment and having done a good job. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 11 Capitalization WORKSHEET 1 Using Capital Letters Correctly
Exercise A In this exercise, circle each lowercase letter that should be a capital letter.
EXAMPLE [1] Last night I read several walt whitman poems.
[1] dear Russell,
[2] it has taken me weeks to respond to your letter, and i apologize. [3] i guess i have been too busy studying for my english test and reading the book of poems you sent. [4] thank you, o kind one, for such a perfect gift. [5] so far, i think my favorite is the robert Frost poem that begins “whose woods these are i think i know.”[6] would you believe i’ve read that one over and over again?
[7] Vernon and elizabeth are fine, but oh, how they miss you. [8] so do i, of course. [9] i hope your family will be coming back to St. Paul for a visit soon. [10] your friend, Sarah
Exercise B In the following letter, circle each lowercase letter that should be a capital and draw a line through each capital letter that should be lowercase.
EXAMPLE [1] we are having a great Vacation in the rocky mountains.
[1] dear Connie,
[2] I am having the most fantastic Summer! as you know, the Swanson Family and we three Wrights decided to drive from chicago to colorado in the Swansons’ van. [3] when we got to denver, we had to reset our watches because colorado is on mountain daylight time. [4] after a couple of days in what people call the “mile high city,”we headed to the beautiful, cool Mountains. [5] when we crossed the Continental Divide, i was excited. [6] This is the ridge of the Rockies that separates rivers flowing west to the Pacific from rivers flowing East to the atlantic. [7] for my favorite place, I think i’d choose the rocky mountain national Park. [8] that’s where we saw all sorts of Wildlife and where we got to try fly-fishing for Trout! [9] we’re On the Road back now, but i’ll mail this when we get to the next Town. [10] your friend, Morgan © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 11 Capitalization
WORKSHEET 2 Capitalizing Proper Nouns, School Subjects, and Titles
Exercise For the following sentences, correct each error in capitalization by drawing a line through the lowercase letter and writing the capital letter above it. Some sentences do not require capitals. ML F C EXAMPLE 1. We have a cottage on moon lake in franklin county.
1. Coretta scott king is president of the king center in atlanta, georgia. 2. Several radio stations in los angeles broadcast daily in spanish. 3. Doctor daniel hale williams helped improve medical opportunities for african americans. 4. Is the latin class at the community college taught by professor acevedo? 5. Several inviting lakes and parks are within easy reach of our city. 6. On the weekends sofia helps mr. nakano in his garden. 7. A number of chinese christians worship at the first united methodist church. 8. Start at glen park and travel north on curtis avenue. 9. The librarian gave me a list of books by asian authors. 10. Most of the students found art class very worthwhile. 11. Great numbers of swedes and norwegians emigrated to the northwest. 12. The population of India includes people of the muslim, hindu, and sikh religions. 13. Does the restaurant on quincy street specialize in italian foods? 14. Ulani and luisa will be taking algebra II and biology. 15. The ohio river is one of many rivers that flow into the mississippi. 16. The last queen of hawaii was lydia kamekeha liliuokalani. 17. The panama canal was started by the french but completed by the americans. 18. Do the chief mountain ranges of our continent run north to south or east to west? 19. The people of puerto rico are american citizens. 20. This caribbean island was discovered by christopher columbus in 1493. 21. Are you going to take introduction to computers I and beginning chemistry next year? 22. We celebrate the anniversary of the adoption of the declaration of independence with the fourth of july holiday. 23. Is doctor irma martin a family physician or a specialist?
24. Please set the recorder for 7:00–10:00 P.M. central daylight time to videotape the pbs program on the civil war.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 25. When you went to new york, did you see the statue of liberty and the empire state building?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 11 Capitalization WORKSHEET 3 Using Capitals Correctly
Exercise A For the following sentences, correct each error in capitalization by drawing a line through the lowercase letter and writing the capital letter above it.
BB B NB TS EXAMPLE 1. The better business bureau is in the nash building on third street.
1. The Ward memorial church is the only lutheran church on Pierson boulevard. 2. Does the Northville power company buy its gas from a canadian company? 3. The Hillside hospital has a chapel equipped for catholic, protestant, and jewish religious services. 4. After easter the Rufferts plan to tour the south in their new honda. 5. The colonists who signed the declaration of independence would have been arrested as traitors by the british if the american revolution had failed. 6. The Wilsons recently visited the george washington carver national monument in missouri. 7. The Pacific ocean is over six-and-one-half miles deep near the Philippine islands. 8. The purpose of the expedition by Lewis and Clark was to chart a path to the Pacific coast through lands acquired in the Louisiana purchase. 9. Did you know that the 1964 nobel peace prize was awarded to martin luther king, jr.? 10. Civil War soldiers from both the north and the south are buried in Arlington national cemetery. 11. Chicago’s north michigan avenue reminds me of New York’s fifth avenue. 12. The Superior appliance company is offering a year’s supply of jiffy soap with each apex washer purchased during the month of march. 13. The Kansas historical society will show a color film of the great european cathedrals built during the middle ages. 14. The first ten amendments to the constitution are known as the bill of rights. 15. In september 1992, astronaut mae jemison made an eight-day flight on the spacecraft endeavor. 16. On Saint patrick’s day, New York city police officers march in the parade. 17. The oldest known Inuit site is in the aleutian islands, across the bering strait from asia. 18. Did you know that the Atlas theater features french, chinese, and other foreign films? 19. Our high school opens in september right after labor day. 20. The space probe pioneer 11 arrived at the planet saturn in 1979 and was renamed pioneer-saturn.
Exercise B For the following sentences, correct each error in capitalization by drawing a line through the lowercase letter and writing the capital letter above it.
TM A A © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing EXAMPLE 1. Patsy t.mink was the first asian american woman to serve in Congress.
1. Please welcome tonight’s speaker, professor Evelyn Shaw of Ohio state university. Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 3 Handbook 11 (continued)
2. Neal Stephenson’s novel snow crash is an acclaimed science-fiction fantasy. 3. Standing thirty miles off the shore of lake Superior, the lighthouse at Stannard rock is maintained by the national data buoy center. 4. Our high school library has a framed letter from the white house, written by Eleanor Roosevelt during world war II. 5. The Ace appliance company in the Gardner building is having a sale on the following brand- name appliances: speedo washers, whirlwind vacuum cleaners, and globe television sets. 6. The famous venezuelan pianist Teresa Carreño performed Edvard Grieg’s piano concerto with the Philadelphia orchestra in April 1901. 7. All my uncles, aunts, and cousins plan to attend my grandmother and grandfather’s wedding anniversary celebration the first sunday in june. 8. As I beheld the grand canyon in arizona for the first time, a sense of the majestic power of nature swept over me. 9. Our textbook has a copy of a painting by the french artist Marc Chagall; it shows a jewish wedding procession in a russian village. 10. Nancy Bergman, a graduate of the Curtis institute, will play one of Liszt’s “hungarian rhapsodies” with the Lewiston symphony orchestra next friday in the auditorium of the King high school. 11. Is the capital of north carolina raleigh or durham? 12. The desert area known as death valley extends into both california and nevada. 13. The netherlands, belgium, and luxembourg are known as the low countries. 14. The new testament of the bible tells of the life and teachings of Jesus and his disciples. 15. My spanish teacher, Mr. Montoya, studied in madrid, spain, this summer. 16. Did you know that the secret service is a part of the U.S. treasury department? 17. The author of the poem “the raven” is Edgar Allan Poe. 18. My dad drove aunt Lois, my sister, and cousin Larry to springfield today. 19. Has professor Murphy seen the painting mona lisa at the Louvre? 20. The robotic planetary rover sojourner, which explored Mars, is about the size of a microwave oven. 21. Did you know that kristen named her new Dalmatian puppy “fireman”? 22. The corn belt region of the midwest extends from western ohio to kansas and nebraska. 23. Much of Kathryn’s family lives in East baton rouge parish in louisiana. 24. Tim O’Brien’s short story “where have you gone, charming billy?” focuses on a young soldier’s feelings about combat. 25. The lake of the woods is a large lake, extending from canada into the united states. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 11 Capitalization WORKSHEET 4 Test
Exercise In the following letter, correct the errors in capitalization by drawing a line through each incorrect letter and writing the correct form above it. Some capitals need to be changed to lowercase letters and some lowercase letters to capitals. Not every item contains an error. NO m L EXAMPLE [1]new orleans is the birthplace of the jazz Musician louis Armstrong. [1] Dear edwin,
[2] When we returned from the Rackham theater monday night, we found “Aunt”Ada on our porch with her suitcase, which had stickers from Mammoth Cave and Mexico city.
[3] She has much to tell about New Orleans, where she spent two weeks this fall. [4] She especially enjoyed All Saints’ Day, which is celebrated on November 1. [5] when I asked her why she didn’t prefer to visit the city during Mardi Gras, she said that she plans to return to enjoy those festivities also. [6] Next time, she might ride the train known as the city of New Orleans.
[7] She apparently saw many of the sights around there—the French Quarter, Audubon park, Tulane university, and Lake Pontchartrain. [8] While visiting the city’s famous Saint Louis Cathedral, she met an elderly Catholic Priest, father Pernet, who proved to be an Encyclopedia of unusual information about the early history of the city. [9] He told her that many people from different ethnic groups live in New orleans, including African americans, Irish Americans, and Creoles.
[10] She is still opposed to movies and urged us not to take six-year-old Jerry to see Fire On Wheels, even though Cyclist magazine listed it as suitable for young children. [11] Just as Jerry was about to protest, she produced a handful of little gifts from one of the Royal street antique shops.
[12] Have I ever told you that not until I was in High School did I realize that Aunt Ada wasn’t a “real”Aunt? [13] Her husband, captain Carey, was a great friend of my Mother’s father from their boyhood days when they used to fish for Catfish on the Mississippi River.
[14] By the way, does this letter smell of rhubarb? [15] Aunt Ada is still convinced that Rhubarb is the tonic that keeps her young, and we are eating it with her at every meal. [16] If we served her cauliflower, she would phone amtrak to find out when the next train leaves for the good old south.
[17] My family is calling me to join them on aunt Ada’s daily sightseeing tour, which is to include Greenfield Village and the Ford Motor Company,not far from the village. [18] Write me when you can.
[19] sincerely, © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
[20] Jane
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation WORKSHEET 1 Using End Marks
Exercise A Insert an appropriate end mark at the end of each of the following sentences.
EXAMPLE 1. Where is the nearest reputable breeder of English springer spaniels? 1. August Wilson, a leading playwright, won Pulitzer Prizes in 1987 and 1990 2. Please be careful as you step onto the escalator 3. Did you do much reading and research before you set up your aquarium 4. My older brother, Fernando, has taken several computer engineering classes at the community college 5. What an incredible poet Anne Sexton is 6. Please get out of the way 7. What time of year is best for planting broccoli 8. Set the thermostat at sixty-eight degrees, and keep it there 9. What kinds of trees are found on the lower slopes of the Southern Rockies 10. My uncle Dwayne’s CD collection includes a broad selection of reggae music
Exercise B Proofread the following sentences for the correct use of end marks. Insert end marks at the ends of sentences and periods after abbreviations as needed. If a sentence is punctuated correctly, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE ______1. Please submit your application to Mr. Robert Pierce at 202 Sycamore St. ______1. Who will be the new president of Sunshine Industries, Inc ______2. Our honored guest this evening is Dr Patrick N Morgan ______3. The meeting will be held at the community center on Locust St and will be led by Ms. Cynthia Jee ______4. Did you see the booth with all the beautiful Zuni jewelry at the arts and crafts fair? ______5. For my birthday, Mrs Crane gave me a book by N Scott Momaday. ______6. Kenesha said she would meet us at the corner of Pleasant Ave and Fifty-first St at exactly 3:45 PM ______7. As I crossed the street, I spotted Donald Ramsey, Jr., leaving the Kensington Corp building. ______8. Is it true that your parents are both originally from Boston, Mass ______9. What an unusual cat you have
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______10. Are you familiar with any literature from the fourth century BC?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation WORKSHEET 2 Using Commas in Series
Exercise Add commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE _____ 1. Spoon bread is a puddinglike bread made of cornmeal, milk, eggs, and other ingredients. ______1. Beautiful homes attractive city squares and a mild climate are characteristics of Savannah, Georgia. ______2. Shops and restaurants have transformed the old warehouse area. ______3. Tourists enjoy shopping visiting historic homes and sampling Southern cuisine. ______4. Sea Islands’ beaches Fort Stewart and the Atlantic Ocean are not far away. ______5. Other beautiful Southern cities are Charleston New Orleans and Beaufort. ______6. Sally yelled and screamed and jumped up and down when she learned she had won. ______7. She had been sure her slow start her stumble on the third lap or her late dash had kept her from winning. ______8. Do traditional African music Jamaican folk music and North American popular music form the roots of reggae? ______9. My favorite foods include macaroni and cheese peanut butter and jelly and bread and butter. ______10. Students must turn in their locks empty their lockers and account for all textbooks before leaving school. ______11. The ice storm canceled flights slowed trains and brought traffic to a standstill. ______12. Chi Wan plays volleyball Roland plays softball and Dennis runs track. ______13. Is Maine known for its pine forests cool lakes and rugged coastline? ______14. Henry dusted Elia vacuumed Victor scrubbed the kitchen and Tamisha cleaned the bathroom. ______15. Sidney Poitier was born in Miami grew up in the Bahamas and studied acting in New York City. ______16. The dog’s nose tail and bark were most like a collie’s. ______17. Sportsmanship and effort and a good sense of humor are assets on a team. ______18. They were looking for a car with good gas mileage and adequate room. ______19. The roses laurel lilacs lilies and rhododendron are all blooming at once. ______20. At the Cinco de Mayo festival, we enjoyed folk dancing speeches and Mexican music. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation
WORKSHEET 3 Using Commas to Separate Adjectives and to Join Independent Clauses
Exercise A Add commas to the following sentences as needed. If a sentence is punctuated correctly, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE ______1. Soup and salad can make a light, tasty, nutritious meal. ______1. Jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald was known for her pure beautiful tone and her flawless intonation. ______2. Did the large classified ad in Sunday’s paper catch Rita’s attention? ______3. My cousin Rhonda is a sensitive warm thoughtful person; I am very fond of her. ______4. At the end of our long and tiring bike ride, we were ready for a good meal. ______5. The bright wrapping paper made the gift look festive and inviting. ______6. Marlene’s winning basket put an end to an exciting high-scoring game. ______7. It’s time to replace this old worn-out pair of shorts with a new pair. ______8. Do you like kimchi, a spicy tasty relish that accompanies many Korean meals? ______9. My great-grandmother’s wedding ring, a beautiful and cherished family heirloom, has been lost. ______10. Father placed several steaming heaping colorful dishes on the table and called us to dinner.
Exercise B Add commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLES 1. The breeze suddenly died down, and the sailboat scarcely moved. C 2. Students may buy season tickets or pay for each ballet separately.
______1. Dad liked the chiles rellenos but Mother found them too spicy; I’ll make some mild ones next time. ______2. The late Arthur Ashe retired from professional tennis in 1980 and wrote A Hard Road to Glory. ______3. Arctic icebergs are rough but antarctic icebergs are rather flat and smooth. ______4. The Swedish pioneers built a town and named it after their leader. ______5. Everyone either likes or dislikes this movie intensely. ______6. Did Rita make this cabinet herself or did her teacher help her? ______7. I respect your opinion yet I cannot agree with it.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______8. The painting that we saw is valued at a million dollars yet it is really priceless. ______9. The train we were on had started to move and we couldn’t find Sofia anywhere. ______10. Does he always rush around like that or is he really late for something?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation
WORKSHEET 4 Using Commas to Distinguish Essential from Nonessential Clauses
Exercise A Add commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLES C 1. I have never known any other child who is as precocious as Jenny. 2. Crater Lake, which is almost 2,000 feet deep, has no inlet or outlet.
______1. Anthony who won the race became the first one in our class to receive a trophy. ______2. My left ankle which I broke last winter is still too weak for track. ______3. The teacher was annoyed when Hillary who lives right across the street from school was late. ______4. The cats sitting in the window are called Tiger Lily and Sam. ______5. Our City Hall which was built in 1912 is now too small. ______6. Mahalia Jackson who grew up singing in a church choir became a famous gospel singer. ______7. Children who get everything they want often appreciate nothing. ______8. Anita who has no sense of humor couldn’t see what made the joke funny. ______9. Some people don’t enjoy any game that they don’t win. ______10. Have you heard of Lorraine Hansberry who was a famous playwright? ______11. Were Daniel’s directions which were very brief clear to you? ______12. Mark Twain who tried a dozen different types of jobs became a writer. ______13. Few people who claim to be able to predict the future can actually do so. ______14. Shakespeare’s father who was a merchant in Stratford served for a time as “high bailiff,”or mayor, of the town. ______15. Have you listened to comedians who use satire to make fun of social customs? ______16. Why didn’t the Brahman suspect that the tiger which was in a cage was trying to trick him? ______17. The Titanic which was the largest vessel of its time generated an enormous amount of publicity about its maiden voyage. ______18. The author Doris Lessing grew up in the African country Zimbabwe which was then called Southern Rhodesia. ______19. Did you know that the high-wire aerialist who is very talented has performed with the same group for ten years?
______20. Evan’s new job which is far more challenging than his previous job pays well and © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing provides good benefits.
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 4 Handbook 12 (continued)
Exercise B The subordinate clause in each of the following sentences is printed in italics. If the clause is essential, circle E. If the clause is nonessential, circle N and set the clause off with commas.
EXAMPLES EN1. The Netherlands, which has a low illiteracy rate, has a high standard of living. EN2. Most sentences that ask a question require a question mark.
EN1. I just finished reading Gary Soto’s story “The Jacket” which describes a painful time in his early life. EN2. We need a girl who can speak with a Southern accent to play the part. EN3. The store pays the parking fee of any customer who makes a purchase of twenty dollars or more. EN4. It was the responsibility of Stacy Kerwin who should have counted the tickets herself. EN5. Ten points are given for any question that stumps the experts. EN6. Most of the things that we worry about never happen. EN7. We lived on Oxford Drive which is close to the airport. EN8. Any person who was born on February 29 has a birthday only once every four years. EN9. Buffalo Bill whose real name was William F.Cody was a famous frontier scout. EN10. Many Scottish names begin with the prefix “Mac” which means “the son of.” EN11. Mrs. Miltos is not a person with whom you can argue. EN12. Grasshoppers which are one of our most destructive insect pests can leap nearly twenty times the length of their bodies. EN13. We will usually accept harsh criticism from a person whom we consider a true friend. EN14. Cindy who had struck out in the third inning hit a long drive. EN15. Is it true that people who are good at math often make good scientists? EN16. The moon which had been shining brightly suddenly disappeared behind a heavy cloud. EN17. Britain which was busy with a European war paid little attention to the War of 1812 until Napoleon was defeated. EN18. “Green Willow” which I am reading for English class is a Japanese folk tale. EN19. Michael Jordan is the athlete whom I would most like to meet. EN20. Many Arawaks died of diseases that European explorers brought to the West Indies. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation WORKSHEET 5 Using Commas
Exercise A Add commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLES 1. In such short stories as “The Guest,”Albert Camus explores the topic of human freedom. C 2. Did you see the statue of Kamehameha I when you went to the Capitol? ______1. Yes I would love to go see Los Lobos with you. ______2. The plain was covered with red flowers as far as I could see. ______3. When we finally made up our minds the car had been sold. ______4. Stumbling down the ravine Dale lost his shoe as well as his compass. ______5. No one may enter the auditorium while the orchestra is playing. ______6. After a breakfast of pancakes and fruit we were ready for the hike. ______7. They would not have believed this if they hadn’t seen it for themselves. ______8. Next add potting soil to make sure the roots are completely covered. ______9. With money in their hands they headed for the popcorn stand. ______10. Losing patience with the dough Miwa added more flour and rerolled the noodles. ______11. I found the lost ring at the bottom of the wastebasket. ______12. Starting in a pile of oily rags in the basement the fire traveled up the stairway to the first floor. ______13. Early in her career in the 1970s Martina Arroyo was the first soprano in thirty years to perform the opening night at the Metropolitan Opera for three consecutive years. ______14. At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution some workers feared that machines would take away their jobs. ______15. Will the family give a dinner in honor of their grandparents’ golden wedding anniversary? ______16. For the rest of our trip to Ohio the baby behaved well. ______17. Well we could either go see the Frank Romero exhibit or go shopping downtown. ______18. By keeping the car at home and fixing the motor ourselves we saved more than a hundred dollars. ______19. Whenever it hears a siren our dog begins to howl. ______20. Upon graduating from Spelman College Belinda became a reporter. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 5 Handbook 12 (continued)
Exercise B Add commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE _____ 1. Karamu, the feast near the end of Kwanzaa, features traditional African food and ceremonies.
______1. A white dove the symbol of peace appears on the stamp. ______2. Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales a poet and activist has been at the forefront of the Chicano movement. ______3. In this book for example all the characters are animals. ______4. Hollywood the movie capital of the world is a part of Los Angeles. ______5. The gas from a car’s exhaust contains carbon monoxide a deadly poison. ______6. The prefix in– makes the word incompetent negative. ______7. My lunch usually a sandwich and a glass of milk costs about four dollars. ______8. At any rate a hammer and a screwdriver are all you need for this job. ______9. Tom did you know that the game drew a crowd of nearly a thousand the largest attendance this year? ______10. Estevanico a black slave from Morocco became one of the first explorers of the southwestern United States. ______11. Lake Louise one of the beautiful lakes in the Canadian Rockies attracts many visitors. ______12. It is considered careless Marcia to confuse the adverb there with the pronoun their. ______13. Jane Goodall the famous ethologist will address the group. ______14. The fox trot I believe was named after Harry Fox a vaudeville dancer. ______15. Williamsburg as I recall has been rebuilt to look just as it did before the American Revolution. ______16. The snake dance a sacred ceremony of the Hopis is held each August. ______17. Blondin a Frenchman walked a tightrope across Niagara Falls in 1859. ______18. My friend Cynthia showed us Pickfair the home of Mary Pickford. ______19. The electric eel a South American fish generates enough electricity to stun people and kill small fish. ______20. In 1898, working with her French husband, Marie Curie a Polish scientist discovered radium a previously unknown element. ______21. Your suggestion is I believe a good one, but I must consider the alternatives. ______22. Please set the table for dinner Jenny and call your sister to come downstairs.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______23. Did you know that Reid the captain of the football team made the honor roll? ______24. The Parkers’ house an ornate Victorian structure is costly to paint. ______25. When will the veterinarian a graduate of Texas A&M University begin work?
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation WORKSHEET 6 Using Commas Correctly
Exercise A Insert commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE _____ 1. For more information, write to the Native American Heritage Association, 2475 W.Chicago St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57702-2467. ______1. Our records show that you made a call from Dallas Texas to Buffalo New York on May 3 2000. ______2. Viswam flew from Seattle to Bombay on June 12. ______3. Virgil Dunning Jr. made a presentation to our class. ______4. Send your application to Ms. Michelle Kawamoto 1300 Stratton Avenue before September 1. ______5. Our store at 520 Dwyer Street opened on Monday August 2 1999. ______6. Frances A. Burns of 246 Salem Road is often confused with F. A. Burns of 129 Winthrop Avenue. ______7. The American Library Association (50 E. Huron St. Chicago Illinois 60611) distributes these pamphlets. ______8. Marconi transmitted the letter s by wireless from Cornwall England to St. John’s Newfoundland on December 12 1901. ______9. On September 30, 1972, Roberto Clemente became the eleventh man in the history of major league baseball to get 3,000 hits. ______10. The geographic center of the United States is in Butte County South Dakota.
Exercise B Proofread the following letter for the correct use of commas, adding and deleting commas as necessary. Draw a delete mark ( ) through unnecessary commas.
EXAMPLE [1] Aunt Linda, I would love to see a production of the Seattle Repertory Theatre, or the Pacific Northwest Ballet.
[1] Dear Uncle Jack
[2] Thank you, for your letter. [3] It is nice of you, to invite me to spend a week with you, and Aunt Linda, this summer. [4] I talked to Mom and Dad, about the idea, and they are in favor of it.
[5] I have, also, been talking to a friend’s father, Mr. Sidney Price Jr. about your fine city.[6] He lived in Seattle, for many years. [7] Uncle Jack if there is time during my stay,maybe, we could visit the Woodland Park Zoo. [8] Mr. Price recommended it, as an enjoyable place to spend a day,in Seattle.
[9] I look forward to talking to you, soon, about the details, of my visit. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing [10] Sincerely Anthony
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation
WORKSHEET 7 Using Commas, Semicolons, and Colons
Exercise A Proofread the following letter, inserting commas, semicolons, and colons as needed.
EXAMPLE [1] We arrived in Toronto at about 3:00 P.M. on Tuesday, June 2. [1] Dear Pauline
[2] Well, we have been here in Toronto Ontario since June 2. [3] So far we are having a great time however, I do miss you and all my other friends back in Huntsville. [4] We have visited the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Ontario Science Centre, and the Metro Toronto Zoo and Aunt Stephanie even took Bill Elizabeth and me to see a Blue Jays game at the SkyDome.
[5] We have met a very interesting man, Howard Jordan M.D. he is a friend of my uncle Vincent’s. [6] Dr. Jordan has traveled to so many different places Madrid, Spain Lima, Peru and Anchorage,Alaska, just to name a few. [7] He is never at a loss for an entertaining story. [8] He even had an article published in a travel magazine it is titled “Madrid’s Museums A Guided Tour.”
[9] Remember, I’ll be getting back home at around 8 30 on Saturday June 20 and I can’t wait to tell you all about our vacation.
[10] Your friend
Alice
Exercise B Insert semicolons and colons where they are needed in the following sentences. In some cases, you will need to delete an incorrect comma and replace it with a semicolon. Draw a delete mark ( ) through each incorrect punctuation mark.
EXAMPLE 1. Tara collects maps and globes,; she owns thirteen globes in various styles and sizes.
1. Ms. Zacharias is an excellent music teacher, in fact, I don’t think I’ve ever had a better teacher. 2. We will have short quizzes in class on the following dates Monday, February 9,Wednesday, February 25, and Monday, March 16. 3. Misty read Luke 10 1–27 in preparation for her Sunday school class. 4. Tomorrow in class we will be discussing “America The Multinational Society,”an essay by Ishmael Reed. 5. Gloria is a talented painter she won a blue ribbon in the district art contest. 6. My whole family, along with the Drapers, is going to a powwow in Celilo, Oregon, we will be © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin gone all weekend. 7. The speech is officially scheduled to begin at 7 30, however, it would be wise to arrive early in order to get a good seat. Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 7 Handbook 12 (continued)
8. In one scene in the film, the main character rests by a sparkling stream and recites Psalm 104 1–35. 9. Some of the faraway cities Mrs. Simmons has visited include Tokyo, Japan, Sydney, Australia, and Bombay, India. 10. I always keep my dog on a leash when we are outside I don’t want him to run into the street and be hit by a car.
Exercise C Proofread the following letter, inserting semicolons and colons as needed.
EXAMPLE [1] Photography is my hobby; in fact, I hope to have a career as a portrait photographer one day.
[1] Dear Ms. Endo
[2] I am a student at Lakewood High School as a member of the newspaper staff, the yearbook staff, and the Camera Club, I have been developing my photography skills for several years. [3] Mr. Daniel Ferguson, advisor for the Camera Club, suggested I write to you he said you may need some extra help in your studio this summer.
[4] I hope you will consider hiring me. [5] You would not be sorry in fact, I believe you would find me to be a reliable and efficient employee. [6] As a sample of my technical abilities, I have enclosed the following items an artistic portfolio, prints of some of my yearbook photographs, and several informal portraits of friends. [7] In addition, Mr. Ferguson has agreed to send you a recommendation letter on my behalf it should arrive within days of this packet.
[8] You can reach me at 555-0110 weekdays between the hours of 6 00 and 10 00 P.M. or on weekends at almost any time of day. [9] Thank you for your time I will look forward to hearing from you.
[10] Sincerely,
Ted Bennett © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 12 Punctuation WORKSHEET 8 Test
Exercise A Add periods after abbreviations, end marks, and commas where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence is correct, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLES _____ 1. I wonder, Pete, if Ralph Foster passed biology. _____ 2. Pete, did Ralph Foster pass biology? ______1. To tell the truth I was really disappointed. ______2. The cabin I suppose has a fireplace. ______3. Watch out for the icy sidewalk ______4. Our treasury fellow members is in urgent need of your dues. ______5. I guess Lena will let me know when she is well enough to have visitors. ______6. You’ll be feeling like new in just a few days my friend. ______7. My dear Janis all of us make mistakes once in a while. ______8. Dr Draper you know has met Colin Powell. ______9. The rain I believe lasted only a few minutes. ______10. What experience have you had that would qualify you for this job ______11. You know Kareem how eager we are to see you. ______12. I believe Sandra Cisneros will be speaking at my sister’s graduation. ______13. Maxine does Samuel Cabrera or Carol Milner ever write you? ______14. Please tell me the number of years you have lived at this address ______15. It was your encouragement Mother that helped me succeed. ______16. I’m afraid Mr Dale that you lack experience for this type of job. ______17. Lila has just taken a new job at Howard University by the way. ______18. Some birds for example have better vision than humans.
______19. Did you say you were going to call to awaken me at 6:00 or at 6:30 AM ______20. Guess what I’m getting for my birthday Peggy. ______21. The children of course can hardly wait for Hanukkah. ______22. I have decided my friend to take your advice. ______23. Children you’re ruining Mr Shapiro’s flower bed. ______24. Is it true that Fred Gonzalez has joined the Navy?
______25. Don’t tell me that you’re going to get up to catch your flight at 4:30 AM © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 8 Handbook 12 (continued)
Exercise B Insert commas where they are needed in the following paragraph. Some sentences are already correct.
EXAMPLE [1] Yes, it would save us all a lot of trouble if Dad would only use his middle name, Archibald, in the telephone directory.
[1] We are always getting telephone calls for Fred A. Smith the plumber. [2] My father’s name you know is also Fred A. Smith. [3] Early in the morning late at night or on Sunday, someone is sure to call to report that the furnace is out of order the kitchen drain is clogged up or a water pipe is leaking. [4] Dad advised Jerry my older brother to become a plumber. [5] He could as a matter of fact do a thriving business right from the start. [6] The other day, a truck driver tried to deliver a load of stovepipe several water heaters and a kitchen sink at our front door. [7] They were of course for the other Fred A. Smith the plumber. [8] Another time, a very angry man phoned to say that we had promised to fix his washing machine on Wednesday March 4 and that we hadn’t kept our word. [9] We also by the way received a bill for $300 from the Cadillac Plumbing Supply Co. Kalamazoo Michigan. [10] The bill included a note reminding us that the amount was due on June 10.
Exercise C Insert commas where they are needed in the following paragraph. Some sentences are already correct. [1] When I took my first regular job on June 22 1999 I was just sixteen years old. [2] I worked for the Vine Company whose address is 73 Elk Street Buffalo New York 14210. [3] During the first few weeks of my employment I was given the job of unpacking sorting and checking stock in the basement a rather dreary and cheerless place.
[4] After I had been doing this work for several weeks you can imagine how pleased I was one day to hear Mrs. Cartwright the manager of the store say,“Helen we need someone for the glassware counter upstairs and I’ve decided to give you a try.”
[5] The glassware counter was difficult for me a new employee to handle. [6] I would get very nervous when children would brush recklessly up against glassware that was on display.
[7] My most frustrating customers were usually the ones who couldn’t make up their minds. [8] One such customer for example told me that she wanted six blue-flowered glasses. [9] As soon as I had wrapped them she said in a pleading voice,“I hate to bother you my dear but would you mind giving me three blue and three yellow glasses instead?” [10] What could I do but smile and © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing agree to the customer’s whims begin the wrapping process all over again and hope that she wouldn’t see anything that she liked better? Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 8 Handbook 12 (continued)
Exercise D Draw a delete mark ( ) through any commas that should be omitted from the following sentences. If a sentence is correctly punctuated, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLES C 1. Food, clothing, and shelter are basic necessities. 2. My uncle Bert eats no food, that contains added salt.
______1. We spent the afternoon at the Santa Fe Indian Market, with our cousins. ______2. Mrs. Kerr, Uncle Ed, and Myra, met Toni, and Diane at the airport. ______3. During the winter months in northern Norway, the sun rises, and sets within a few minutes. ______4. Best known in Vietnam for her fiction, Nguyen Thi Vinh is also an accomplished poet. ______5. Having skipped my lunch, I was famished, by the end of my program. ______6. Yes, I shall write to you, as soon as I receive my final grades. ______7. Although gulls are seabirds, they are often found inland. ______8. Not a thing was broken, lost, or mislaid, as a result of our moving. ______9. Amelia Earhart, the famous aviator, left on her final journey from Miami, Florida, on June 1, 1937. ______10. We hope to reach Northfield, Minnesota, by Friday, or Saturday. ______11. The Detroit River, which connects Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair, is one of the busiest waterways in the world. ______12. It is dangerous to drink water, that has not been tested for purity. ______13. The band played “Pomp and Circumstance,”as we marched. ______14. When children are tired, sleepy, and hungry, they are often cross, and irritable. ______15. Montana’s Jeannette Rankin, was the first woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. ______16. Los Angeles, which has the largest area of any city in the United States, covers over 466 square miles. ______17. Longfellow wrote “The Wreck of the Hesperus,”while he was living in Craigie House. ______18. One of the early leaders in the struggle against racial discrimination, was Ida B. Wells-Barnett. ______19. Ynes Mexia started her botanical explorations, and plant collecting in South and Central America at the age of fifty-five. ______20. Daniel Hale Williams, a famous surgeon, performed the first successful heart operation in 1893. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 13 Punctuation WORKSHEET 1 Using Italics
Exercise In the following sentences, underline all the words and word groups that should be in italics.
EXAMPLE 1. Is there anyone who has not seen the movie Titanic?
1. I accidentally typed the letter o instead of the numeral 0. 2. Have you ever seen Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun? 3. The phrase shiba inu is Japanese for “brushwood dog.” 4. For his science homework, Jim had to define the words immunity, antibody, and antigen. 5. Ceremony, a novel by Leslie Marmon Silko, tells of the postwar experiences of a World War II veteran. 6. I can never remember whether the word broccoli has one or two l’s. 7. My sister, a junior in college, is reading The Grapes of Wrath for her social psychology class. 8. Although the term repoussé is sometimes used as a synonym for embossing, the two words do not have exactly the same meaning. 9. One of Nam June Paik’s well-known artworks,Video Fish, includes working television sets and tanks filled with tropical fish. 10. The Mary Tyler Moore Show was one of the longest-running sitcoms on television. 11. Tamara’s mother subscribes to the magazine Native Peoples. 12. What was the first year Seventh Heaven appeared on TV? 13. Stopping at a small newsstand, Susanna bought the latest issue of Entertainment Weekly. 14. Last night the entire family watched a documentary about the sinking of the Lusitania. 15. Space shuttles such as Endeavour make it possible for astronauts to retrieve and repair broken satellites. 16. The movie The Buddy Holly Story tells the life story of musician Buddy Holly. 17. The phrase c’est la vie is French for “that’s life.” 18. Scott wrote the word illusion where he meant to write allusion. 19. Cole Porter wrote the music and lyrics for the musical High Society. 20. You left out the second n in the word beginning. 21. Aren’t the special effects in the movie Armageddon spectacular? 22. Alfred Hitchcock’s movie The Birds was based on Daphne du Maurier’s story with the same title. 23. The American composer Leonard Bernstein wrote the musical West Side Story in 1957.
24. Lydia, did you mean to write the word affect instead of the word effect? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 25. Don’t call me on Tuesday evenings; I’ll be watching Nova, my favorite television program.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 13 Punctuation WORKSHEET 2 Punctuating Direct Quotations
Exercise Read each of the following items to determine whether it contains a direct or an indirect quotation. If an item contains a direct quotation, rewrite it on the line provided, using correct punctuation and capitalization. If the sentence is an indirect quotation, write indirect quotation on the line.
EXAMPLES 1. The customer complained my soup is too salty. The customer complained, “My soup is too salty.” 2. The customer complained that the soup was too salty. indirect quotation
1. We bake all our own tortillas said the waitperson. ______2. The waitperson said that they bake all their own tortillas. ______3. Jody said let’s listen to the Emilio Navaira CD next. ______4. Have you ever seen a germ little Viola asked challengingly. ______5. The fortune cookie was actually invented in San Francisco, explained Lien. ______6. What a funny name for a cat exclaimed Jerry. ______7. The driver of a passing car called to us your tire is flat! ______8. The officer asked the crowd whether anyone had seen the accident. ______9. I get tired of being asked is it hot enough for you? every August. ______10. A sign on the lawn says your feet are killing me. ______11. The salesclerk said that there is no better tire made. ______
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 12. There is no better tire made said the salesclerk. ______
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 2 Handbook 13 (continued)
13. The parking attendant shouted look out for the child! ______14. The officer said to Pilar let me see your driver’s license. ______15. Have you ever had the measles asked Dr. Murray. ______16. The ad said that all alterations would be free. ______17. Dr. Iris Murray asked have you ever had measles? ______18. Education is much more than just studying books began the speaker. ______19. Bertha stated that she would like to study astronomy. ______20. Didn’t Rudolph Fisher write that story asked Mrs. Sheldon. ______21. Ms. Scovil asked who will come to the board and work this math problem? ______22. Gregory declared to Ms. Scovil that he could work the problem. ______23. The news anchor said that it’s going to rain tonight. ______24. Didn’t Patricia go to the coast this weekend inquired Vickie. ______25. The clerk in the computer store warned me not to spill liquids on the keyboard. ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 13 Punctuation WORKSHEET 3 Punctuating Split Quotations
Exercise On the lines provided, rewrite each of the following divided quotations, using correct punctuation and capitalization.
EXAMPLE 1. Spaying and neutering explained the vet help curb pet overpopulation “Spaying and neutering,” explained the vet, “help curb pet overpopulation.” 1. Where are you going Jean asked dressed up in your vest and tie ______2. Where are you going Jean asked I thought you expected company ______3. I will be glad to help you he replied after I finish this problem ______4. My rough draft is almost finished Leon said the topic is Acoma myths ______5. No parking the sign warned violators will be towed away ______6. To keep the sauce smooth cautioned Miss Teng stir constantly ______7. Because of the cold spring explained the professor the water temperature is below normal ______8. Be sure to take an umbrella Mother added the forecast is for rain ______9. Please Maria begged let me have just a bite of your empanada ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 3 Handbook 13 (continued)
10. You must pull out the choke Father said or the lawn mower won’t start ______11. This is an old radio the clerk grumbled I don’t carry the parts ______12. On our trip to California Ramona began we had dinner one night in Little Saigon ______13. I’m sorry the waitperson apologized that I mixed up your order ______14. Strike three shouted the umpire you’re out ______15. Hey, Amy Fred whispered are you going to the party Saturday night ______16. My aunt is teaching me how to make latkes Bruce said they are a traditional Hanukkah dish ______17. The meeting has been postponed he announced until Monday ______18. Hello the tour guide said welcome to historic Natchez ______19. Genius is one percent inspiration said Thomas Edison and ninety-nine percent perspiration ______20. Is this the house she inquired where they’re giving away kittens ______© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 13 Punctuation WORKSHEET 4 Punctuating Dialogue
Exercise Rewrite the following dialogue, using quotation marks, other marks of punctuation, and capitalization correctly.Remember to begin a new paragraph each time the speaker changes.
EXAMPLE [1] How many different kinds of cats are there? Mika asked. [2] Laura replied well, I can think of a few, such as the Manx and the Persian. “How many different kind of cats are there?” Mika asked. Laura replied, “Well, I can think of a few, such as the Manx and the Persian.” [1] Your cat looks awfully skinny Mika said. [2] Doesn’t it like its food? [3] Laura chuckled and responded haven’t you ever seen a Siamese cat? [4] Yes, I’ve seen them, but I guess I’ve never seen one this close Mika replied. [5] Siamese are usually slender and long, just like my little Princess here Laura explained [6] They always have blue, almond-shaped eyes. [7] Oh, I see, said Mika. [8] Do these cats make good pets? [9] While I can’t speak for all Siamese owners Laura said I really enjoy Princess’s company. [10] She can be rather loud sometimes, but she’s extremely smart, playful, and sociable. [11] Sometimes I even take her for walks on a leash. [12] That’s funny said Mika I never heard of walking a cat. [13] Well, I guess Siamese are a little unusual Laura responded. [14] Another good quality about them is that they don’t have to be brushed very often because their fur is so short and fine. [15] Where do Siamese cats come from Mika asked. [16] It’s impossible to tell the exact history of the breed Laura answered although its origin is Asian.[17] Legend has it that the ancestors of today’s Siamese were kept by the kings and priests of Siam, which is known as Thailand today. [18] Some say they were trained to guard the royal palaces and temples. [19] Wow, you sure know a lot about cats said Mika. [20] Thanks for educating me. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 13 Punctuation WORKSHEET 5 Using Quotation Marks
Exercise A Insert quotation marks and single quotation marks where they are needed in the following paragraphs.
EXAMPLE [1] “ Did I hear you say, ‘ The paper ran an announcement about our concert’ ?” asked Glen. [1] Glen finally found the announcement about the Spring Concert at the end of the
newspaper feature About Town. [2] On Friday,April 10, at 8:00 P.M., the announcement read, the Central High Choral Society will present its annual Spring Concert. [3] The Central Songsters, as they are commonly called, will perform a wide range of entertaining selections, the announcement continued. [4] Mrs. Maxine Arroyo, director of the Songsters, would not reveal the opening number but did hint, It is one of my favorite tunes, and it was popularized by Van Morrison. [5] However, Mrs.Arroyo did tell us the names of some of the other titles that will contribute to the eclectic mix. [6] They include Oh, Pretty Woman, Big Yellow Taxi, and Misty.
[7] Advance tickets for the event are on sale now, Glen read. [8] They can be purchased through the school (555-0180). [9] Tickets will also be available at the box office the night of the show.
[10] The announcement concluded,The box office will open in the Central High lobby at 7:00 P.M.
Exercise B In each of the following sentences, add quotation marks, single quotation marks, and other marks of punctuation as needed.
EXAMPLE 1. “ I thought you asked,‘How many musicians are in a quartet?’”Sylvia said. 1. The witness told the police officer, I heard a woman’s voice crying Stop, thief! 2. My uncle Ross, Miriam said is fond of saying It’s all relative. 3. For tomorrow’s class said Mrs. Mayer please read Toni Cade Bambara’s short story Raymond’s Run. 4. What does Aunt Connie mean Allen asked when she says something is just ducky? 5. Byron, said Sharon, when I told you your book report was killer, I meant that it was very impressive. 6. Didn’t Chuck Berry write the song Johnny B. Goode Monique asked. 7. At her job, John explained, my mother tests computer software and fills out bug reports. 8. Lisa noted, Mending Wall is one of the poems I need to study for the test. 9. Did I hear someone say This game is over already yelled Brian. 10. Read Chapter 3,The Digestive System, and answer the mastery questions Ms. Rhodes instructed. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 13 Punctuation WORKSHEET 6 Test
Exercise A Most of the following sentences contain direct quotations. Add quotation marks and other marks of punctuation to each sentence as needed. If a lowercase letter should be a capital, cross it out and write the capital letter above it. If a sentence is already punctuated and capitalized correctly, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE _____ 1. “ Where did you learn to make such beautiful jewelry?” Teresa P asked. “please take me with you next time you go.” ______1. We should have left earlier; we’re going to miss the beginning of the movie said George. ______2. Bethany told Angela that the Taj Mahal blues concert was sold out already. ______3. How many centimeters asked Nash are in a meter? ______4. Wait for me yelled Janet I’ll be there in a second. ______5. Martha said earnestly the test is on Friday. I think we should start studying tonight. ______6. Grandma wished us a safe trip and told us to call her when we got home. ______7. The attorney asserted that his client had a good case. ______8. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is in Cleveland, and I believe said Randy the building was designed by I. M. Pei. ______9. Mr. Sata asked can anyone tell me what a molecule is? ______10. Painting said Ms. Johnson is more than just a hobby to me.
Exercise B In the following sentences, underline all the words or word groups that should be in italics and insert quotation marks where they are needed.
EXAMPLE 1. Inspired by the movie The Right Stuff, Paul plans to enter his essay, “ Learning to Dream,” in the scholarship contest. 1. Origami is a Japanese word meaning folded paper. 2. This year’s school play will be The Sound of Music. 3. The audience cheered when Céline Dion began singing Because You Loved Me, one of her most popular songs. 4. Are you watching another All in the Family rerun? Gerald asked. 5. I just finished reading All Things Bright and Beautiful, a book by James Herriot, said Yokio. 6. The xiao and the di are two kinds of Chinese flutes. 7. Mike left out the second l in the word illegible. 8. My aunt Louise still sometimes uses old slang terms like groovy and far out. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 9. Yesterday in English class, we discussed Audre Lorde’s poem Hanging Fire. 10. I believe, said Eric, that both Tom Hanks and Tim Allen provided voices for the movie Toy Story. Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 6 Handbook 13 (continued)
Exercise C Proofread the following sentences for correct punctuation, adding or deleting quotation marks, single quotation marks, underlining (for italics), and other punctuation marks wherever necessary. Draw a delete mark ( ) through incorrect punctuation marks.
EXAMPLE 1. “ Congratulations on an excellent game, and a very important win,” said the coach.
1. “In football, Kerry explained, the shotgun is an offensive formation in which the quarterback lines up several yards behind the line of scrimmage.” 2. Sometimes when my dad is working around the apartment, I’ll hear him break into his own rendition of the song Mona Lisa. 3. Did Ms. Levine really say Be prepared for a quiz asked Donna? 4. Braly Street, a poem by Gary Soto, is in my sister’s literature textbook. 5. Have you read this article, How to Make Your Own Sushi? 6. Before Lou could yell “Watch out, the ball hit Mark right on the shoulder.” 7. Please remember to take out the trash tonight, Mom told Chico. 8. For Friday, Mrs. Harrison said, read “The Enchanted Garden. It’s a short story by Italo Calvino, and we’ll be discussing it in class.” 9. ‘I distinctly heard him say I have seen this movie five times.”repeated Cynthia. 10. ‘Responsibility, said Uncle Bart is something you must earn.’Be careful how much you earn, though, because you’ll probably be stuck with it. 11. I’m pleased that you’ve raised your grades from seven C’s to five B’s and two C’s, said Terry’s mother. 12. According to my music teacher, “Leonard Bernstein wrote the composition Mass to celebrate the opening of the John F.Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.” 13. Since the radio announcer said that there is an accident on Loop 360, we should take Route 620 this morning said Marie. 14. Anna Akhmatova, the poet who wrote Lot’s Wife, believed that poetry should be free of ambiguous symbolism stated Suzanne as she began her interpretation of the poem. 15. There are many works of art portraying Don Quixote, said Raquel but my favorite is Francisco Torrome’s painting Don Quixote and the Windmill. 16. Have you seen the incredible photographs of tigers in the latest issue of National Geographic inquired David. 17. The stockbroker who spoke to our math class Friday said “that we should read The Wall Street Journal every day to learn about the world of finance.” 18. Jerry complained I have trouble remembering whether the last four letters of the word proceed are ceed or cede. 19. I have that problem, too, said Samantha, and I can’t remember if the word niece is spelled with an ie or an ei. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 20. Don’t you remember that Ms. Majors said,The dictionary is your most reliable friend, asked Jeffrey. Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 6 Handbook 13 (continued)
Exercise D On the lines provided, rewrite the following dialogue, using quotation marks, other marks of punctuation, and capitalization correctly. Remember to begin a new paragraph each time the speaker changes.
EXAMPLE [1] So, are you going to join the team or not Van asked. [2] I don’t know Gary said. [3] I’ve talked to Mr. Fuentes about it, but I still can’t decide. [1] “So, are you going to join the team or not?” Van asked. [2] “I don’t know,” Gary said. [3] “I’ve talked to Mr. Fuentes about it, but I still can’t decide.”
[1] Being on the swim team is a big commitment Van said, but it’s worth it. [2] I’ve learned a lot from Mr. Fuentes, and the conditioning has helped me so much. [3] Yes, Mr. Fuentes seems like a great coach Gary responded [4] I know I would like being on the team. [5] Still, I’m worried that I don’t really have the time for another activity. [6] What are you talking about Van pleaded. [7] We practice only three days a week. [8] Gary sighed, but there are the meets themselves to think about, too. [9] I don’t want my grades to start falling. [10] Well Van conceded, It’s your decision, but it would be great to have you on the team. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation WORKSHEET 1 Using Apostrophes to Form Possessives
Exercise For each of the following items, add either an apostrophe or an apostrophe and an s (’s) in the blank to make the correct possessive form.
EXAMPLES 1. the children ’s ward 2. some boys ’ voices 1. one man _____ score 2. two men _____ scores 3. each kitten _____ weight 4. some children _____ faces 5. the Plumbers _____ Union 6. the people _____ choice 7. Mary _____ locker 8. both boys _____ grades 9. the girls _____ gym 10. the boss _____ desk 11. some workers _____ offices 12. this woman _____ office 13. several doctors _____ files 14. a child _____ bicycle 15. a pet owners _____ magazine 16. these clerks _____ jobs 17. Miss Tallchief _____ house 18. the Tallchiefs _____ terrace 19. a dog _____ footprints 20. the Women _____ Band 21. this store _____ policy 22. both clerks _____ wages 23. those gentlemen _____ cars 24. two mothers _____ children 25. a person _____ umbrella © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation WORKSHEET 2 Placing Apostrophes
Exercise Each of the following sentences requires at least one apostrophe. Add apostrophes where they are needed.
EXAMPLES 1. A child’s interests are different from an adult’s. 2. This store’s policy is to check other stores’ prices. 1. The governors speech gained her many womens votes. 2. The young womans actions won both teachers admiration. 3. The parents club cooperated with our head principals plans. 4. After a long search we found the Kawamotos parakeet. 5. Have you seen the museums new exhibit of Zuni jewelry? 6. Binti knows all her customers names. 7. The seminar on womens concerns was reported in the News. 8. I have chosen Stevie Smiths poem “Not Waving but Drowning” as the topic for my paper. 9. The McGeorges dog is always tearing up our flower beds. 10. Benjamin Bannekers almanacs included calculations about eclipses. 11. Mrs. Barrys young daughter knows all the players batting averages. 12. The Peoples Market is not responsible for articles left in patrons cars. 13. All graduates records are kept permanently in the secretarys file. 14. We left the mices food just inside the door of their cage. 15. Sandras notebook contains all the members names and addresses. 16. Our guests cars were blocking the Baranskis driveway. 17. This companys policy is to give a year of free service with each appliance. 18. Myra has worked for five years in several doctors offices. 19. Mens coats button on the right, but womens coats button on the left. 20. In Japan the New Years festival lasts three days. 21. Illinois capital is Springfield, and Iowas capital is Des Moines. 22. Langston Hughes poem “Mother to Son” describes a mothers determination in the face of difficulty. 23. The air conditioners cool breeze provided relief to Nicholas furry dog. 24. Have you read Mondays assignment, Amy Tans story “Two Kinds,”which is a tale of the conflicts between a mother and her daughter?
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 25. The Spencers fortieth wedding anniversary will be celebrated at North Lake Seafood, their eldest sons well-known restaurant in Port Washington.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation
WORKSHEET 3 Identifying Where Apostrophes Are Needed
Exercise A Add apostrophes where they are needed in the following sentences. If a sentence does not require apostrophes, write C on the line provided.
EXAMPLE _____ 1. The stops and starts of city driving decrease your car’s gas mileage. ______1. Juans dog left its toy on our front steps. ______2. Malcolms father buys and sells Chinese antiques. ______3. The sign in their front yard read “The Joneses.” ______4. The Burgesses have gone fishing in their new boat. ______5. Andre and Phil both have made the boys swimming team. ______6. Wordsworths and Coleridges poems mean a great deal to me. ______7. Roberto did the puzzle in the waiting room of his mother-in-laws office. ______8. Since the dog was wagging its tail, I thought it was friendly. ______9. Marias father came here from Puerto Rico. ______10. His mother was upset at his breaking the vase.
Exercise B In the following story,some necessary apostrophes are omitted, some are misplaced, and others are used where none are required. Underline each word that has an error, and write the correct form in the space above the word.
Felicia’s EXAMPLE [1] My uncle repaired Felicias CD player.
[1] “Over thirty years’ of service I gave them—never took longer than two weeks for a vacation!” Uncle Bevan says with feeling’s of both pride and regret. [2] “They are just plain crazy if they think a persons motor run’s down at sixty-five.”
[3] That is what Uncle Bevan say’s when you take him your father’s electric razor or your mothers’ hedge trimmer to be fixed. [4] Since the company’s rule’s forced him to retire as J. E. Porter Company’s chief maintenance worker, his and my aunts house has become known as Mr. Fixit’s place. [5] The garages shelves, as well as it’s floor, are cluttered with neighbors’ broken articles, ranging from babies’ toys to peoples’ vacuum cleaners.
[6] My aunt Martha serve’s as a secretary. [7] She answers question’s on the telephone as to whether Uncle Bevan can fix a boy’s bicycle, a womans’ electric toothbrush, or the Jones’es TV set.
[8] She complains that the customers’ appliances work better than her’s. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
[9] What is Uncle Bevan’s reward for his helpful services to the folk’s of the neighborhood? [10] He gets not only countless hours worth of fun but many mens’, womens’, and children’s friendly gratitude.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation
WORKSHEET 4 Using Apostrophes in Possessives and in Contractions
Exercise A Most of the following sentences contain incorrect possessive forms. Draw a line through each error, and write the word correctly on the line provided. Note: A sentence may have more than one error. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE someone’s 1. Victor found someones notebook lying on the floor of the bus.
______1. Wyatt borrowed his brother’s-in-law’s camera to take on the trip to Washington, D.C. ______2. Once she had everyones attention, the instructor began the silk-screening lesson. ______3. Anne Sexton’s and Leroy Quintana’s poems appeal to me for a number of different reasons. ______4. The Manheim Markets produce selection is vast enough to cover anyones grocery list. ______5. Both Sabrina and Lucy’s dinners included refried beans and Spanish rice. ______6. How long this rain will last is anybody’s guess. ______7. Both Kathleen Battle and Jessye Norman’s voices are familiar to most opera fans. ______8. Ted’s and Betty’s project for history class was a huge success. ______9. I thought the Humane Society’s volunteers were friendly and helpful. ______10. His mother’s-in-law trailer has traveled through thirty-two different states in the past nine years.
Exercise B For each of the following sentences, choose the correct word from the choice in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. (Our’s, Ours) is an earlier model than (theirs, their’s).
1. (Its, It’s) just a matter of time until (its, it’s) coat begins to shed. 2. Those glasses are different from (your’s, yours). 3. Amy put (her’s, hers) in with (their’s, theirs). 4. (Its, It’s) delicious when (it’s, its) ripe. 5. These dishes are just like (our’s, ours). 6. (It’s, Its) hiding behind the bushes. 7. (Our’s, Ours) escaped from (its, it’s) cage. 8. (Its, It’s) hair rises when (it’s, its) frightened. 9. One of those coats might be (your’s, yours). 10. (It’s, Its) not in (its, it’s) usual place. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation WORKSHEET 5 Using Apostrophes for Contractions
Exercise A Write the contraction form for each of the following word groups. Remember that the apostrophe shows where a letter or letters have been omitted.
EXAMPLES 1. they are they’re 2. does not doesn’t
1. where is 11. what is 2. let us 12. they would 3. cannot 13. were not 4. she would 14. of the clock 5. we are 15. will not 6. that is 16. 1999 7. was not 17. is not 8. they have 18. he will 9. who is 19. are not 10. I am 20. it is
Exercise B In the following sentences, choose the correct word from each pair in parentheses.
EXAMPLE 1. (They’re, Their) having guests over to try (they’re, their) vegetable curry.
1. (It’s, Its) sharp claws are (it’s, its) only defense. 2. (It’s, Its) collecting material for (it’s, its) nest. 3. (You’re, Your) expression shows ( you’re, your) bored. 4. (You’re, Your) not making the most of ( you’re, your) opportunities. 5. Don’t offer (you’re, your) advice if (it’s, its) not asked for. 6. They make (they’re, their) friends feel that (they’re, their) welcome. 7. (They’re, Their) practicing hard for (they’re, their) aikido tournament. 8. (They’re, Their) much better when (they’re, their) baked. 9. (Who’s, Whose) the player (who’s, whose) violin was out of tune? 10. In (who’s, whose) class is the girl (who’s, whose) speaking? © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation WORKSHEET 6 Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses
Exercise A Proofread each of the following sentences for the correct use of hyphens. Circle each word that has a hyphenation error, and write the word correctly on the line provided. Note: A sentence may have more than one error. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE Sixty-seven 1. Sixty seven students, approximately one third of the students, participated in the Red Cross blood drive.
______1. Heather’s birthday gift was a gorgeous, fully lined wool coat. ______2. The mayor elect will not officially take office until midJanuary. ______3. With his usual self confidence, Nathan plunged into his job as stage manager. ______4. Mr. Morrison, the expresident of the PTA, is a well respected community leader. ______5. As the goalie, Ronnie has a clearly-defined role on the hockey team. ______6. Harmful substances such as ammonia, drain-cleaners, and medicati- ons should always be stored out of the reach of small children. ______7. As Ramona thought about the eighty seven people waiting for her to take the stage, she was momentarily stricken with stage fright. ______8. Alan used two-thirds of the okra in the gumbo and placed the rest in the freezer. ______9. Three fourths of the council voted, and the proposal passed by an eight tenths majority. ______10. Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a well-known singing group from South Africa.
Exercise B Insert dashes or parentheses where they are needed in each of the following sentences. — EXAMPLE 1. I can’t remember where I put my oh, there it is. ^ 1. Is that lady over there the one wearing the blue sweater the new gym teacher? 2. The next ingredient and this is what gives this dish its distinctive flavor is ground cumin. 3. Manuel Gamio 1883–1960 has often been called the father of Mexican anthropology. 4. Andy rehearsed his part for two hours sometimes longer every night for three weeks. 5. The contents of the shopping bag four coffee mugs wrapped in tissue paper, a pepper mill, and three large cookbooks spilled onto the sidewalk. 6. Bake the bread in a very hot oven about 450 degrees for thirty-five minutes. 7. “Don’t you think oh, I just don’t know how to put it,”Peter stammered. 8. The Pomeranian see photo on page 34 would be a good dog for someone who lives in an apartment.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 9. George Takei he played Mr. Sulu in the original Star Trek series has a place on Hollywood’s Walk of Fame. 10. The Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia, which separate the Piedmont Region from the Great Valley, are 12 to 14 miles 19 to 23 kilometers wide.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 14 Punctuation WORKSHEET 7 Test
Exercise A Each of the following sentences contains one or more errors in the use of apostrophes or hyphens. Draw a line through each incorrect word, and write the word correctly on the line provided.
EXAMPLE nobody’s, yours 1. The accident was nobodys fault, least of all your’s.
______1. Both Roys and Theo’s presentations were about pre Enlightenment England. ______2. The Spiffy Uniform’s Companys van is in the shop for repairs, and it wont be ready till next week. ______3. It’s almost time to leave, and the childrens bags still hav’ent been packed. ______4. According to Jody and Yori’s survey, about forty eight percent of the students at our school participate in at least one sport. ______5. If you’re going to get a hamster as a pet, dont forget the all important exercise wheel. ______6. Her parents emphasis on self discipline has been a factor in Phoebe’s success. ______7. Gustav Mahler’s partially-completed tenth symphony is one of his best- known works. ______8. I just started my part time job at Mom’s and Dad’s flower shop. ______9. Nearly one-third of the students in Mr. Griffen’s class chose to write about the Diane Glancy poem. ______10. “As long as you have you’r self-respect,”Mother said,“youll know you did the right thing.”
Exercise B Insert dashes or parentheses where they are needed in each of the following sentences. — EXAMPLE 1. I told Todd to meet oh, here he comes now. ^ 1. Whitney Houston she is the greatest! is giving a concert in Chicago next month. 2. “All I’m trying to say” Rudy began as the phone rang. 3. Ernesto Galarza 1905–1984 was not only a writer but also an educator and labor leader. 4. Mrs. Betz she coaches the girls’ softball team grew up in Annapolis, Maryland. 5. The extreme heat it was 102 degrees in the shade kept many people away from the afternoon concert in the park. 6. Before she began work on her garden,Tiwa gathered her equipment garden hose, rake, hoe, shovel, and spading fork. 7. Alaska see map on page 103 is the largest state in the United States but has a relatively small
population. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 8. The Rocky Mountain chain extends more than 3,000 miles 4,800 kilometers and is about 350 miles 563 kilometers wide in places. Continued ☞
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 7 Handbook 14 (continued)
9. Our dog Becky she’s been in the family for almost nine years isn’t as playful and energetic as she used to be. 10. Now stir the mixture oops, be careful until it becomes smooth and creamy.
Exercise C Each of the following sentences contains at least one error in the use of apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, or parentheses. On the lines provided, rewrite each sentence using these marks of punctuation correctly.
EXAMPLE 1. Because shes talented and works hard, Christys dreams of becoming an all star basketball player are bound to come true. Because she’s talented and works hard, Christy’s dreams of becoming an all-star basketball player are bound to come true.
1. Both Ralph and Jennas papers’ were on preRevolutionary Virginia. ______2. After the game go Bears! Ill meet you at the concession stand. ______3. Kirk hes an all American wrestler has won twenty two matches this year. ______4. Thirty two freshly groomed poodles entered the showroom in two single file groups. ______5. Joanna’s parents’ enjoyed they’re workshop in ikebana the Japanese art of arranging cut flowers. ______6. This years debate team an award-winning team has gotten everyones attention. ______7. For you’re biographical sketches, you may choose from this list of thirty-five well known artists. ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Continued ☞
Punctuation 141 TX_L10LH_03 6/2/09 7:09 PM Page 142
NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 7 Handbook 14 (continued)
8. The unseasonably cold weather nighttime temperatures were as low as twenty five degrees kept most people indoors. ______9. Our governor elect ran a well organized campaign. ______10. Leontyne Price the world-famous soprano has a brilliant voice with an unusually-wide range. ______
Exercise D Insert apostrophes, hyphens, dashes, and parentheses where they are needed in the following sentences. — EXAMPLE 1. Turtles (like all reptiles) are cold-blooded their temperature stays about the same as that of the air or water around^ them.
1. Turtles cant live in areas that are cold all year long.
2. They can, however, live almost anywhere else in deserts, forests, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and the sea.
3. The leatherback turtle it is the largest turtle species can be from 4 to 8 feet 1.2 to 2.4 meters long.
4. The common bog turtle, on the other hand, is only about 4 inches 10 centimeters long.
5. Pet shops used to sell thousands of painted turtles and red eared turtles each year.
6. When it was discovered that many of these turtles carried bacteria that caused salmonella poisoning a serious illness in humans, the sale of most pet turtles was banned.
7. A turtles shell has two layers an inner layer, made up of bony plates, and an outer layer, usually consisting of hard, calloused structures called scutes.
8. In some turtles soft shelled turtles and leatherback turtles, to be exact the outer layer consists of tough skin rather than scutes.
9. The carapace the part of the shell that covers the turtles back and the plastron the part that
covers the turtles belly are joined by a bony structure called the bridge. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
10. Turtles senses of sight and touch are well developed, and they can hear low pitched sounds about as well as humans can.
142 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_03 6/1/09 6:21 PM Page 143
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 15 Spelling WORKSHEET 1 Using Word Parts
Exercise Use a good dictionary to look up the separate parts (prefixes, roots, and suffixes) of the following words, and then write a definition based on the meanings of the parts.
EXAMPLE 1. person + al _having to do with a person______
1. micro + scope ______2. re + vision ______3. over + look ______4. aud + ible ______5. warm + ish ______6. con + cise ______7. lazi + ness ______8. chrono + meter ______9. hyper + sonic ______10. contra + dict ______11. inter + lace ______12. para + graph ______13. re + coil ______14. inter + connect ______15. bi + lateral ______16. mis + advise ______17. prince + dom ______18. joy + ful ______19. trans + act ______20. un + equal ______21. stress + ful ______22. un + necessary ______23. en + light + en ______24. sad + ly ______25. bi + cycle ______© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Spelling 143 TX_L10LH_03 6/2/09 7:09 PM Page 144
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 15 Spelling WORKSHEET 2 Using Spelling Rules
Exercise A Fill in the blanks with the correct letters: ie, ei, cede, ceed, or sede.
EXAMPLE 1. w__ei__rd
1. rel______ve 11. pat______ntly 2. ac______12. con______3. br______fcase 13. b______ge 4. se______14. repr______ve 5. rev______w 15. p______rce 6. super______16. pro______7. n______ghborhood 17. c______ling 8. pre______18. inter______9. for______gner 19. prem______r 10. n_____ther 20. w______ghtless
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain spelling errors involving the use of ie, ei, cede, ceed, and sede. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word and write the word correctly on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE __pieces__ 1. Maya sculptors created peices that have great power and beauty.
______1. The wieghts of the Olmec sculptures in Mesoamerica are astounding! ______2. Using water wastefully sometimes causes river levels to receed. ______3. The theives were caught carrying all they had stolen. ______4. The new game rules superseded the ones we’d always used. ______5. Kim pateintly showed me how to prepare moo goo gai pan. ______6. Jovita interceeded for me after a misunderstanding in Spanish class. ______7. I can’t concieve of a better career than being an archaeologist. ______8. Mel has niether the interest nor the time for soccer. ______9. Has anyone found the heifers that escaped from Ralph Baker’s pasture? ______10. Gwendolyn Brooks’s novel Maud Martha tells of an African American girl who succedes in attaining her dream. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
144 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_03 6/1/09 6:21 PM Page 145
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 15 Spelling WORKSHEET 3 Adding Prefixes and Suffixes
Exercise A On the line provided, spell each of the following words with the given prefix or suffix.
EXAMPLE 1. thought + ful = thoughtful
1. tardy + ness = 11. trace + able = 2. derange + ment = 12. in + direct = 3. lap + ing = 13. dye + ing = 4. pre + bake = 14. gay + ly = 5. wary + ly = 15. spin + ing = 6. un + caring = 16. defame + ed = 7. admit + ance = 17. hover + ing = 8. spy + ing = 18. true + ly = 9. case + ment = 19. silly + ness = 10. simple + est = 20. thirty + eth =
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain spelling errors involving the use of prefixes or suffixes. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word and write the word correctly on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE argument 1. There was no arguement when the field trip was extended to include a trip to the art museum.
______1. After the fees were payed, the band uniforms were ordered. ______2. The teacher was conveying the message about the approaching storm when we heard the wind blow down the tree outside the classroom. ______3. We replaid the tape so many times everyone was tired of the music. ______4. The brightly painted cloth will be drapped above the stage during the celebration. ______5. Corrina didn’t realize she was singeing her hair when she sat by the fire. ______6. The dancers did the waltz beautifully, without a mistep. ______7. It was an outragous price to pay to camp at a park that was flooded. ______8. In English we are revaluating the poetry of Emily Dickinson. ______9. Pat’s help was not uneeded; in fact, we couldn’t have finished the science project without him.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin ______10. The squirrels scurryed away from the bird feeder when we went outside.
Spelling 145 TX_L10LH_03 6/2/09 7:09 PM Page 146
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 15 Spelling WORKSHEET 4 Forming Plurals of Nouns
Exercise A On the line provided, spell the plural form of each of the following nouns.
EXAMPLE 1. shelf shelves
1. patio 11. quantity 2. class 12. i 3. sister-in-law 13. chief of police 4. goose 14. Vietnamese 5. phenomenon 15. woman 6. box 16. 10 7. enchilada 17. bookmark 8. cello 18. board game 9. Martinez 19. hero 10. monkey 20. bleach
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain spelling errors involving the plurals of nouns. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word and write the word correctly on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE analyses 1. All of our analysis of “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker were put on the bulletin board.
______1. The sheeps got out of the pasture and ate the lettuce and the pea plants in our garden. ______2. We took many photoes of the giant stone heads on Easter Island. ______3. The runner-ups were applauded nearly as much as the winners were. ______4. Every year our family uses different colored waxs to make holiday candles to give as gifts. ______5. My brother competes in rodeos in Arizona and New Mexico. ______6. In small towns the local newspapers are usually weeklys. ______7. Some people don’t cross their ts at all; they put the line above the letter. ______8. The Gomezs, who live next door, have a German shepherd, which is a breed of dog that originally came from Europe. ______9. Why do you think hairdoes don’t ever stay popular for very long? ______10. The red roofs of the town were bright in the morning sun. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
146 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_03 6/1/09 6:21 PM Page 147
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 15 Spelling WORKSHEET 5 Forming Plurals of Nouns
Exercise A On the line provided, spell the plural form of each of the following nouns.
EXAMPLE 1. child children
1. fifteen-year-old 11. canoe 2. dish 12. Barry 3. kitty 13. Lebanese 4. turkey 14. poncho 5. army 15. bird feeder 6. fruit stand 16. upperclassman 7. loaf 17. & 8. two 18. veto 9. solo 19. crisis 10. tributary 20. mouse
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain spelling errors involving the plurals of nouns. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word and write the word correctly on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE golf carts 1. The golfs cart were all in the parking lot.
______1. Beachs should be kept clean for everyone to enjoy. ______2. Both of my brother-in-laws were at my birthday party. ______3. The mouses and the squirrels ate all the birdseed. ______4. We read several storys about the Sioux nation. ______5. Some of the rooves in my neighborhood were damaged by hail. ______6. The dentist said none of my tooth’s had any cavities. ______7. The journies of early nomadic people covered amazing distances. ______8. The lights and sounds at the show were popular phenomenon. ______9. Usually Es that are given as grades stand for “excellent.” ______10. The mix-ups resulted in a change in the registration procedures. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Spelling 147 TX_L10LH_03 6/2/09 7:09 PM Page 148
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 15 Spelling WORKSHEET 6 Test
Exercise A Some of the following sentences contain errors in spelling. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word and write the word correctly on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE dripped 1. When the roof leaked, the rain driped into the kitchen sink.
______1. The flower arrangment showed off the roses and lilacs perfectly. ______2. The indexs in the reference books were the biggest help in our research. ______3. The new rules for the French Club will supercede the old ones. ______4. Isn’t it amazing what anceint cultures achieved in architecture? ______5. The shabbyness of the surroundings didn’t bother them. ______6. Neither of the keyes would fit the lock on the Egyptian box. ______7. Why do some of these bags of whole wheat flour have #’s and some have pounds written on them? ______8. Some silver jewelry is beautifuly inlaid with coral. ______9. My grandmother gave each of her grandchilds a family keepsake. ______10. Sara asked,“Which citys of the world would you most like to visit?”
Exercise B The following paragraph contains spelling errors. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word or words and write the word or words correctly on the line provided.
EXAMPLE [1] The Japanese are known for their beautyful gardens. 1. beautiful
[1] My freind spent his junior year of high school as an exchange student in Japan. [2] He worked hard and succeded in learning how to speak and understand Japanese. [3] He enjoied learning about the culture and appreciated the kindness of the people he met. [4] He became very interested in the plants that grow in Japan and has decideed to become a botanist. [5] He has been triing out different plants to see what will grow here. [6] He has become very knowledgable. [7] His Japanese trees produce fruit larger than some peachs. [8] The white flowers on one tree stand out against the shadyness of the plant. [9] His sister-in-laws now want him to landscape their yards. [10] They are ready to trade in their gardens of tomatos and peppers for Japanese plum trees.
1. 6. 2. 7. 3. 8. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing 4. 9. 5. 10. Continued ☞
148 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_03 6/1/09 6:21 PM Page 149
NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 6 Handbook 15 (continued)
Exercise C Some of the following sentences contain errors in spelling. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word and write the word correctly on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE rarely 1. I like concerts but am rarly able to go to one.
______1. Riding a horse is more than sitting in the saddle and holding the riens. ______2. The browness of the sofa offended my aunt, who likes pastel furniture. ______3. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s, peacable approach made important changes. ______4. We all need to reedit and rewrite our proposals for our science projects. ______5. The other team’s points exceded our team’s, and we lost the tournament. ______6. Traping animals with steel traps is illegal in many places. ______7. The Seneca still live cheifly in New York State, Ontario, and Oklahoma. ______8. The Garcias and the Trevinos are two of the familys on our block. ______9. “Did you see the wolfs at the edge of the woods?” asked Jason. ______10. Nicky’s analyses of the plan was greatly appreciated by the panel.
Exercise D The following paragraphs contain spelling errors. For each sentence, cross through the misspelled word(s) and write the word(s) correctly on the line provided.
EXAMPLE [1] Some people like pets in general, and some people are wholely in support of only one breed of cat or dog. 1. wholly
[1] People have varyable reasons for choosing pets. [2] It has been sayed that dog people prefer specific breeds, but cat people like all cats. [3] Of course, arguement can be made with any generalization. [4] Breeds runing the size range from large St. Bernards that originated in the Swiss Alps to tiny toy breeds each have their fans. [5] Knowing the backsground of pets can be interesting. [6] The information can add to the enjoiment of ownership.
[7] The places of origin are obvious from the names of many cats, such as Siameses, Burmese, and Maine coons. [8] With some breeds, the historys are not in the names and must be researched. [9] Even owners of mixed breeds consede that different breeds of dogs and cats have unique characteristics. [10] Pet owners, however, usually veiw whatever pet they have as the best kind.
1. 6. 2. 7.
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin 3. 8. 4. 9. 5. 10.
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NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 16 Glossary of Usage WORKSHEET 1 Common Usage Problems
Exercise A Underline the word or expression in parentheses that is correct according to standard, formal usage.
EXAMPLE 1. When we go to Florida, we will take a beach bag with sandals, swimsuits, suntan lotion, (and etc., etc.).
1. This project will take ( fewer, less) hours to complete than the last one did. 2. Many people like jazz better (then, than) other kinds of music. 3. (Whose, Who’s) going to help me finish the collage for art class? 4. Jimmy Santiago Baca is (among, between) my five top favorite poets. 5. If we are (all together, altogether) satisfied with the plans, let’s go ahead with them. 6. What (kind of a, kind of) meal would you prefer for your birthday? 7. When we (broke, busted) the piñata at the party, pecans and dates fell out. 8. What did Harper Lee write (besides, beside) To Kill a Mockingbird? 9. (Anyways, Anyway), do you want to go to a movie this afternoon? 10. I feel really (good, well) any morning after I’ve had nine hours of sleep.
Exercise B Some of the following sentences contain errors in standard, formal English usage. For each sentence, circle the error and then write the correct usage on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE __You’re__ 1. Your going with us, aren’t you?
______1. There purpose is to recruit more members for the Spanish Club. ______2. The book what I borrowed is The House on Mango Street. ______3. Try and write a short story that takes place on Jupiter or Mars. ______4. Ellen tried to learn me some Polish phrases after she came back home. ______5. Where did you get them apples? ______6. The model planes were designed bad. ______7. Like I thought, Cantonese is spoken in parts of China. ______8. May I sit beside you during the bus ride to Cahokia Mounds? ______9. From her writing, we may imply that she has traveled widely. ______10. Diane looked everywheres for Doofus’s dog biscuits. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
150 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_03 6/1/09 6:21 PM Page 151
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 16 Glossary of Usage WORKSHEET 2 Common Usage Problems
Exercise A Underline the word or expression in parentheses that is correct according to standard, formal usage.
EXAMPLE 1. We (done, did ) what we could to clean up after the flood.
1. (Being as, Because) the pond is frozen solid, it will be safe to skate on it. 2. When we climbed down (off, off of ) the cliff, Sam and Jennifer had supper ready. 3. Mark was in the hospital for a week before he felt (good, well) enough to come home. 4. Harriet Tubman is a historical figure (what, that) I greatly admire. 5. Rachael did a (good, well) job of acting in the play Our Town. 6. (Where, Where at) did you leave the avocados for the guacamole? 7. It is (rather, kind of) intimidating to go into a new classroom for the first time. 8. Jonathan insisted on painting the garage all by (hisself, himself). 9. We (ought to, had ought to) finish our homework before we rehearse for the play. 10. Amy Tan (she tells, tells) wonderful stories in her books.
Exercise B Most of the following sentences contain errors in usage. For each sentence, circle the error and then write the correct word on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE ___less___ 1. This recipe requires fewer seasoning.
______1. We hope the principal will leave us go to the exhibit of Incan artifacts. ______2. People should be proud of theirselves when they do well. ______3. Bette implied from the teacher’s remarks that we could bring guests to her piano recital. ______4. These type of vinegars are called balsamic; they’re good on salads. ______5. Who’s bike trail map was left on my desk? ______6. Pesto is a kind of a basil and garlic sauce that originated in Italy. ______7. It looks like the mail will be late again today. ______8. George Washington Carver he was a botanist and chemist. ______9. We had a good time and did well at the science fair this year. ______10. Between the first ladies Eleanor Roosevelt, Bess Truman, and Mamie Eisenhower, I most admire Mrs. Roosevelt. © Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin
Glossary of Usage 151 TX_L10LH_03 6/2/09 7:09 PM Page 152
NAME CLASS DATE Language Handbook 16 Glossary of Usage WORKSHEET 3 Test
Exercise A Underline the word or expression in parentheses that is correct according to standard, formal usage.
EXAMPLE 1. The book is better (then, than) the movie.
1. “(Its, It’s) been three weeks since our cat disappeared,”Alyssa said. 2. The songs (what, that) were sung at the folk festival all told stories. 3. We will (try to, try and) memorize the Preamble to the Constitution by Friday. 4. People who escaped from slavery by way of the Underground Railroad walked a long (ways, way) to safety. 5. We listened to (a lot, alot) of music by American composers, and my favorite music was written by Fats Waller. 6. (Sequoyah, Sequoyah he) was a scholar and leader who lived from about 1760 to 1843 and created a written Cherokee language. 7. They didn’t want to learn how to play the game (anyways, anyway). 8. After you (learn, teach) them the rules of cribbage, we can all play a game. 9. (They’re, Their) the ones who hope to start a Habitat for Humanity group here. 10. I saw (where, that) starting in May the planetarium will stay open late on Thursdays.
Exercise B Most of the following sentences contain errors in usage. For each sentence, underline the error and then correct the error on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE ___Its___ 1. It’s purpose is to show the colors of the spectrum.
______1. We drove to Whiteface Mountain in they’re car. ______2. Africa is not a country; its a continent that contains many countries. ______3. Them grammar rules are too confusing for me. ______4. Mexican artists Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo both painted good. ______5. Which kind of a pet do you most want to have? ______6. It seems like we have been waiting for hours for the eclipse to start. ______7. Those sorts of maps show elevations and landforms but not roads. ______8. When the pipes froze and busted, we were without water for a week. ______9. We should of watered the plants before we left on vacation. ______10. It is some easier to learn how to cook in your own kitchen. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Company Publishing
Continued ☞
152 Language Handbook TX_L10LH_03 6/1/09 6:21 PM Page 153
NAME CLASS DATE Language Worksheet 3 Handbook 16 (continued)
Exercise C Underline the word or expression in parentheses that is correct according to standard usage.
EXAMPLE 1. When should we use (these, this) type of reference material?
1. Although they were working by (theirselves, themselves), they were able to relocate the swing set. 2. If I (had of, had) studied Spanish, I could go on the trip to Machu Picchu with the club. 3. Omar Khayyám, (which, who) wrote the Rubáiyát, was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet. 4. There are (fewer, less) ducks on the pond than there were last year. 5. The book (what, that) has the pictures of René Magritte’s paintings is missing from the library. 6. (Somewhere, Somewheres) around here are the directions to my aunt’s new house in San Antonio. 7. We came home early (being as, because) it started snowing. 8. There were many colors to choose from (besides, beside) red and blue. 9. Brandy is popular because she is beautiful and sings (good, well). 10. When we (done, did) the math problems, all of our answers were correct.
Exercise D Most of the following sentences contain errors in usage. For each sentence, underline the error and then correct the error on the line provided. If a sentence is correct, write C.
EXAMPLE __between__ 1. It’s difficult to choose among two things you really want.
______1. Where did you leave my bike at after you borrowed it? ______2. Drawings of foods native to the Americas included squash, beans, corn, peanuts, chocolate, and etc. ______3. When I complete my work on schedule, I feel well about myself. ______4. When you take time to teach someone how to do something useful, you have given a gift that will last a lifetime. ______5. You’re interest in the Nez Perce encouraged me to study their history. ______6. The guitar music was played bad because the musicians hadn’t practiced. ______7. Do you like abstract art better then impressionistic art? ______8. Theirs no way to tell in what ways computer technology will change our lives within the next twenty years. ______9. The woman which wrote “We Real Cool”is Gwendolyn Brooks, who lives in Chicago. ______10. “Surely the audience could imply from my speech about recycling that I am
© Harcourt Publishing Company Houghton Mifflin against wastefulness and littering,”Natasha said.
Glossary of Usage 153