Heptathlon Evaluation Model Using Grey System Theory
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Women's 3000M Steeplechase
Games of the XXXII Olympiad • Biographical Entry List • Women Women’s 3000m Steeplechase Entrants: 47 Event starts: August 1 Age (Days) Born SB PB 1003 GEGA Luiza ALB 32y 266d 1988 9:29.93 9:19.93 -19 NR Holder of all Albanian records from 800m to Marathon, plus the Steeplechase 5000 pb: 15:36.62 -19 (15:54.24 -21). 800 pb: 2:01.31 -14. 1500 pb: 4:02.63 -15. 3000 pb: 8:52.53i -17, 8:53.78 -16. 10,000 pb: 32:16.25 -21. Half Mar pb: 73:11 -17; Marathon pb: 2:35:34 -20 ht EIC 800 2011/2013; 1 Balkan 1500 2011/1500; 1 Balkan indoor 1500 2012/2013/2014/2016 & 3000 2018/2020; ht ECH 800/1500 2012; 2 WSG 1500 2013; sf WCH 1500 2013 (2015-ht); 6 WIC 1500 2014 (2016/2018-ht); 2 ECH 3000SC 2016 (2018-4); ht OLY 3000SC 2016; 5 EIC 1500 2017; 9 WCH 3000SC 2019. Coach-Taulant Stermasi Marathon (1): 1 Skopje 2020 In 2021: 1 Albanian winter 3000; 1 Albanian Cup 3000SC; 1 Albanian 3000/5000; 11 Doha Diamond 3000SC; 6 ECP 10,000; 1 ETCh 3rd League 3000SC; She was the Albanian flagbearer at the opening ceremony in Tokyo (along with weightlifter Briken Calja) 1025 CASETTA Belén ARG 26y 307d 1994 9:45.79 9:25.99 -17 Full name-Belén Adaluz Casetta South American record holder. 2017 World Championship finalist 5000 pb: 16:23.61 -16. 1500 pb: 4:19.21 -17. 10 World Youth 2011; ht WJC 2012; 1 Ibero-American 2016; ht OLY 2016; 1 South American 2017 (2013-6, 2015-3, 2019-2, 2021-3); 2 South American 5000 2017; 11 WCH 2017 (2019-ht); 3 WSG 2019 (2017-6); 3 Pan-Am Games 2019. -
Shoes Approved by World Athletics - As at 01 October 2021
Shoes Approved by World Athletics - as at 01 October 2021 1. This list is primarily a list concerns shoes that which have been assessed by World Athletics to date. 2. The assessment and whether a shoe is approved or not is determined by several different factors as set out in Technical Rule 5. 3. The list is not a complete list of every shoe that has ever been worn by an athlete. If a shoe is not on the list, it can be because a manufacturer has failed to submit the shoe, it has not been approved or is an old model / shoe. Any shoe from before 1 January 2016 is deemed to meet the technical requirements of Technical Rule 5 and does not need to be approved unless requested This deemed approval does not prejudice the rights of World Athletics or Referees set out in the Rules and Regulations. 4. Any shoe in the list highlighted in blue is a development shoe to be worn only by specific athletes at specific competitions within the period stated. NON-SPIKE SHOES Shoe Company Model Track up to 800m* Track from 800m HJ, PV, LJ, SP, DT, HT, JT TJ Road* Cross-C Development Shoe *not including 800m *incl. track RW start date end date ≤ 20mm ≤ 25mm ≤ 20mm ≤ 25mm ≤ 40mm ≤ 25mm 361 Degrees Flame NO NO NO NOYES NO Adidas Adizero Adios 3 NO YES NO YES YES YES Adidas Adizero Adios 4 NO YES NO YES YES YES Adidas Adizero Adios 5 NO YES NO YES YES YES Adidas Adizero Adios 6 NO YES NO YES YES YES Adidas Adizero Adios Pro NO NO NO NOYES NO Adidas Adizero Adios Pro 2 NO NO NO NOYES NO Adidas Adizero Boston 8 NO NO NO NOYES NO Adidas Adizero Boston 9 NO NO NO -
1978 Decathlon Results Scoring: 1
1978 Decathlon Results Scoring: 1. John Whitson, Albequerqe, N.M., 7,828 points 2. Jim Howell, Hurricane Track Club, Houston, Texas, 7,658 3. Mike Hill, Boulder, Colo., 7,484 4. Wes Herbat, Houston, Texas, 7,448 5. Billy Blackburn, Auburn Track Club, 7,428 6. Robert Baker, Principia, 7,323 7. Mark Lineweaver, Hurricane Track Club, 7,319 8. Jim Wooding, Devon, Pa., 7,218 9. Steve Benedict, Ga., 7,181 10. Barry Stebbins, Fargo, N.D., 7,123 11. Jim Schnur, Cincinnati, 7,122 12. Chip Troxclair, LSU, 7,074 13. Rex Harvey, Redfield, Iowa, 6,966 Individual Results: 100 Meter High Hurdles: Howell, :14.5, 903 points Hill, :14.6, 892 points Whitson, :14.7, 881 points Wooding, :14.9, 859 points Stebbins, :15.2, 827 points Herbat, :15.5, 797 points Lineweaver, :15.6, 787 points Benedict, :15.8, 767 points Blackburn, :15.9, 757 points Harvey, :16.0, 748 points Baker, :16.3, 721 points Troxclair, :16.4, 712 points Schnur, :16.5, 703 points Discus: Herbat, 152-11, 811 Blackburn, 144-3, 762 Whitson, 140-10, 742 Howwell, 139-6, 734 Baker, 135-4, 710 Hill, 131-0, 684 Lineweaver, 128-2, 667 Harvey, 127-0, 660 Wooding, 120-6, 619 Benedict, 118-7, 608 Troxclair, 115-3, 586 Stebbins, 111-9, 564 Schnur, 104-3, 514 Pole Vault Whitson, 15-9, 1,005 Harvey, 15-5, 981 Benedict, 15-1 ¼, 957 Troxclair, 15-1 ¼, 957 Howell, 14-1 ¼, 884 Lineweaver, 13-9 ½. 859 Baker, 13-9 ½, 859 Blackburn, 13-5 ½, 832 Herbat, 13-5 ½, 832 Stebbins, 12-9 ½, 780 Hill, 12-9 ¾, 754 Wooding, 12-1 ¾, 728 Schnur, 11-2, 644 Javelin Whitson, 210-10, 813 Blackburn, 194-0, 751 Stebbins, 189-6, 733 Herbat, 189-5, 733 Baker, 188-1. -
Runners in Their Forties Dominate Ultra-Marathons from 50 to 3,100 Miles
CLINICAL SCIENCE Runners in their forties dominate ultra-marathons from 50 to 3,100 miles Matthias Alexander Zingg,I Christoph Alexander Ru¨ st,I Thomas Rosemann,I Romuald Lepers,II Beat KnechtleIII I University of Zurich, Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, Zurich, Switzerland. II University of Burgundy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, INSERM U1093, Dijon, France. III Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated performance trends and the age of peak running speed in ultra-marathons from 50 to 3,100 miles. METHODS: The running speed and age of the fastest competitors in 50-, 100-, 200-, 1,000- and 3,100-mile events held worldwide from 1971 to 2012 were analyzed using single- and multi-level regression analyses. RESULTS: The number of events and competitors increased exponentially in 50- and 100-mile events. For the annual fastest runners, women improved in 50-mile events, but not men. In 100-mile events, both women and men improved their performance. In 1,000-mile events, men became slower. For the annual top ten runners, women improved in 50- and 100-mile events, whereas the performance of men remained unchanged in 50- and 3,100-mile events but improved in 100-mile events. The age of the annual fastest runners was approximately 35 years for both women and men in 50-mile events and approximately 35 years for women in 100-mile events. For men, the age of the annual fastest runners in 100-mile events was higher at 38 years. For the annual fastest runners of 1,000-mile events, the women were approximately 43 years of age, whereas for men, the age increased to 48 years of age. -
List of International Competitions 2021
List of International Competitions 2021 This document constitutes the list of International Competitions at which the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) will conduct Testing in 2021 (sorted by the category of competition). The list will be published on the AIU and World Athletics’ websites and may be updated or amended from time to time to take account of changes to the 2021 competition calendar arising from the current global pandemic 1. It also serves as the definitive list of International Competitions for the purposes of determining whether an Athlete is an International-Level Athlete pursuant to Rule 1.4.4(b) of the 2021 World Athletics Anti-Doping Rules (2021 ADR)2. WORLD ATHLETICS SERIES 2021 MAY 01-02 World Athletics Relays Silesia, POL AUG 17-22 World Athletics U20 Championships Nairobi, KEN WORLD ATHLETICS INDOOR TOUR 2021 (GOLD) JAN 29 Indoor Meeting - Karlsruhe Karlsruhe, GER FEB 02 27. Banskobystrická latka - High Jump Men Banská Bystrica, SVK 09 Meeting Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais Liévin, FRA 13 New Balance Indoor Grand Prix Boston, USA 17 Copernicus Cup Torun, POL 24 Villa de Madrid Madrid, ESP WORLD ATHLETICS CROSS COUNTRY PERMITS 2021 FEB 02 44th Almond Blossom Cross Country Albufeira, POR San Giorgio su MAR 21 64°Campaccio-International Cross Country Legnano, ITA 28 89th Cinque Mulini San Vittore Olona, ITA TBC TBC Cross de Atapuerca TBC Burgos, ESP TBC TBC Cross Internacional de Soria TBC Soria, ESP TBC TBC Cross Internacional de la Constitucion TBC Alcobendas, ESP 1 This published list of International Competitions is without limitation to the AIU’s authority to conduct Testing at Competitions under Rule 5.1.3 2021 ADR. -
Newsletter 2020
NEWSLETTER 2020 POOVAMMA ENJOYING TRANSITION TO SENIOR STATESMAN ROLE IN DYNAMIC RELAY SQUAD M R Poovamma has travelled a long way from being the baby of the Indian athletics contingent in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing to being the elder FEATURED ATHLETE statesman in the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta. She has experienced the transition, slipping into the new role MR Poovamma (Photo: 2014 Incheon Asian Games @Getty) effortlessly and enjoying the process, too. “It has been a different experience over the past couple of years. Till 2017, I was part of a squad that had runners who were either as old as me or a couple of years older. But now, most of the girls in the team are six or seven years younger than I am,” she says from Patiala. “On the track they see me as a competitor but outside, they look up to me like a member of their family.” The lockdown, forced by the Covid-19 outbreak, and the aftermath have given her the opportunity to don the leadership mantle. “For a couple of months, I managed the workout of the other girls. I enjoyed the role assigned to me,” says the 30-year-old. “We were able to maintain our fitness even during lockdown.” Poovamma reveals that the women’s relay squad trained in the lawn in the hostel premises. “It was a change off the track. We hung out together. It was not like it was a punishment, being forced to stay away from the track and the gym. Our coaches and Athletics Federation of India President Adille (Sumariwalla) sir and (Dr. -
Media Kit Contents
2005 IAAF World Outdoor Track & Field Championship in Athletics August 6-14, 2005, Helsinki, Finland Saturday, August 06, 2005 Monday, August 08, 2005 Morning session Afternoon session Time Event Round Time Event Round Status 10:05 W Triple Jump QUALIFICATION 18:40 M Hammer FINAL 10:10 W 100m Hurdles HEPTATHLON 18:50 W 100m SEMI-FINAL 10:15 M Shot Put QUALIFICATION 19:10 W High Jump FINAL 10:45 M 100m HEATS 19:20 M 10,000m FINAL 11:15 M Hammer QUALIFICATION A 20:05 M 1500m SEMI-FINAL 11:20 W High Jump HEPTATHLON 20:35 W 3000m Steeplechase FINAL 12:05 W 3000m Steeplechase HEATS 21:00 W 400m SEMI-FINAL 12:45 W 800m HEATS 21:35 W 100m FINAL 12:45 M Hammer QUALIFICATION B Tuesday, August 09, 2005 13:35 M 400m Hurdles HEATS Morning session 13:55 W Shot Put HEPTATHLON 11:35 M 100m DECATHLON\ Afternoon session 11:45 M Javelin QUALIFICATION A 18:35 M Discus QUALIFICATION A 12:10 M Pole Vault QUALIFICATION 18:40 M 20km Race Walking FINAL 12:20 M 200m HEATS 18:45 M 100m QUARTER-FINAL 12:40 M Long Jump DECATHLON 19:25 W 200m HEPTATHLON 13:20 M Javelin QUALIFICATION B 19:30 W High Jump QUALIFICATION 13:40 M 400m HEATS 20:05 M Discus QUALIFICATION B Afternoon session 20:30 M 1500m HEATS 14:15 W Long Jump QUALIFICATION 20:55 M Shot Put FINAL 14:25 M Shot Put DECATHLON 21:15 W 10,000m FINAL 17:30 M High Jump DECATHLON 18:35 W Discus FINAL Sunday, August 07, 2005 18:40 W 100m Hurdles HEATS Morning session 19:25 M 200m QUARTER-FINAL 11:35 W 20km Race Walking FINAL 20:00 M 3000m Steeplechase FINAL 11:45 W Discus QUALIFICATION 20:15 M Triple Jump QUALIFICATION -
Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Nomination Criteria
Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Nomination Criteria Selection Criteria Amendments • February 19, 2021 o Section 1.2: . Removed reference to NACAC Combined Events Championships, which has been cancelled. The dates and location of the Canadian Combined Events Trials is now to-be-confirmed. Moved the Final Nomination for Marathon and Race Walk to July 2 to align with all other events. Moved the final declaration deadline for all events to June 10, 2021. Updated dates for: Final Preparation Camp, On-site Decision Making Authority, Athletics Competition and Departing Japan o Section 1.3: . Removed requirement to participate in Canadian Championships. Added requirement to comply with COVID-19 countermeasures. o Section 1.6: Added reference to Reserve Athletes. o Section 3: Removed requirement to participate in Canadian Championships. o Section 4.1 . Step 2: Removed: “For the avoidance of doubt, the NTC will not nominate athletes for individual events who are only qualified to be entered due to World Athletics’ “reallocations due to unused quota places” after July 1, 2021 (June 2, 2021 for Marathon and Race Walk).” . Final Nomination Meeting: Added prioritization process for athletes qualifying for both the Women’s Marathon and 10,000m. o Section 4.2: . Removed: “AC will not accept any offers of unused quota places for relay teams made after July 1, 2021;” . Step 1: Removed automatic nomination for national champions. o Section 8: Added language regarding possible further amendments necessitated by COVID-19. • October 6, 2020 o Section 1.2: Updated qualification period to match World Athletics adjustments for Marathon and 50k Race Walk. Updated dates for NACAC Combined Events Championships (Athletics Canada Combined Events Trials). -
Putting Hurdles in a Marathon: Why the Single- Entity Defense Should Not Apply to Disputes Between Athletes and Non-Team Sport Leagues
\\jciprod01\productn\H\HLS\8-2\HLS203.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-MAY-17 13:34 Putting Hurdles in a Marathon: Why the Single- Entity Defense Should Not Apply to Disputes Between Athletes and Non-Team Sport Leagues Garrison Shepard* I. Introduction ....................................... 246 R II. Antitrust and Its Role in Sports .................... 250 R A. Antitrust Law and the Development of the Single-Entity Defense ........................................... 250 R B. An Overview of How Courts Handle Team Sport Leagues’ Use of the Single-Entity Defense ...................... 253 R C. Comparing Team Sport League Athletes and Non-Team Sport Athletes ...................................... 256 R 1. Team Sport Athletes’ Options to Challenge League Rules ................................. 256 R 2. Non-Team Sport Athletes’ Options to Challenge League Rules ................................. 258 R III. Implementing the Single-Entity Defense in a Non- Team Sport Context ................................. 260 R A. The Single-Entity Defense Applied to Non-Team Sport Leagues ........................................... 260 R B. Has the Single-Entity Defense Become Hopelessly Flawed? . 264 R C. Narrowing the Broad Copperweld Decision ............ 266 R IV. Proposal to Narrowly Tailor the Single-Entity Defense for Non-Team Sports ....................... 267 R * Articles Editor, Michigan State Law Review; J.D. 2017, Michigan State University College of Law; B.A. 2014, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities. The author would like to thank his parents, Bill and Joy Shepard, for their never-ending love and support in all his endeavors and instilling an appreciation for academics at an early age. He would also like to thank each of his siblings who have been invaluable to him through this journey. \\jciprod01\productn\H\HLS\8-2\HLS203.txt unknown Seq: 2 23-MAY-17 13:34 246 Harvard Journal of Sports & Entertainment Law / Vol. -
Interview with Lizzy Kemp Salvato
69 Appendix A Interview with Lizzy Kemp Salvato 1. What type of sport had you participated in before racewalking? I did not engage in sport or exercise aside from a few aerobic classes before starting racewalking. 2. What were your motives to begin racewalking? A friend invited me to come along with a group of racewalkers that met every Monday- Wednesday-Friday night and Sunday mornings in Balboa Park, San Diego, California. I wanted to lose weight and it turned into a social thing. My parents had just divorced and older siblings had moved out of the home, so I was at loose ends and this filled a void in my life. 3. Do you feel you had a natural talent for this sport? When I joined the group the other racewalkers told me that I should be good because I have long legs; they kept on saying “you’re going to be good at this,” and that positive feedback gave me the motivation to keep up with the sport. 4. You first joined a group of racewalkers, then trained by yourself; can you tell me about that experience? This was a group of about 5 or 6 men and another woman, all over the age of 40. When I trained on my own the first few times my shins burned so much I almost quit, but the social aspects of the group kept me going. I started for the exercises and stayed for the social group – these men and woman became my mentors. I could talk about my life and they would give me advice on how to change majors or drop a class or handle life in general. -
European Athletics U20 Championships • Biographical Entrylist, Women
100m European Athletics U20 Championships • Biographical Entrylist, Women Age (Days) Year SB PB HUNT Amy GBR 19y 60d 2002 11.31 -19 200m European U20 Champion 2019 / 4 x 100m European U20 Champion 2019 / 1 National Title (60 indoors 2020) 100m pb 11.31 Loughborough -19 150S 17.31 Gateshead -17 200 22.42 WU18B Mannheim -19 1 EJ 200 2019 (1 4x1) England. Club: Charnwood. Coach-Joseph McDonnell. Runs in New Balance shoes. In 2021: 2 Birmingham 200 (23.73); 3 -19 Bedford NC-j 200 (23.92) ADELEKE Rhasidat IRL 18y 319d 2002 11.31 11.31 -21 2 National Titles (100 outdoors 2021) (200 indoors 2019) 100m pb 11.31 NU23R Manhattan KS -21 200 22.96 NR NU23R Manhattan KS -21 LJ 5.39 Tullamore -16 h WJC 4x1 2018 Club: Tallaght. Studies at University of Texas. Coach-Edrick Floréal, CAN (long jump pb 8.20 NR in 1991, triple jump pb 17.29 in 1989)/Daniel Kilgallon. From Dublin. In 2021: 4 Fayetteville AR 200 ind; 8 College Station TX 60 ind; 1 Fayetteville AR 400 ind; 3 rB Lubbock TX Big 12 400 ind (53.44 pb); 6 Austin TX TexasR 200; 3 Austin TX 200; 5 Baton Rouge LA 200; 2 Austin TX 200; 1 Austin TX 100; 2 Manhattan KS Big 12 100; 2 Manhattan KS Big 12 200 (23.03 NU23R); 1 Dublin NC 100 (11.29w pb); 2 Dublin NC 200 (22.84w pb) SEEDO N'ketia NED 18y 37d 2003 11.50 11.37 -19 100m European U20 Silver 2019 / 4 x 100m European U20 Silver 2019 / 1 National Title (60 indoors 2020) 100m pb 11.37 Borås -19 150 18.49 Utrecht -17 200 23.93 Alphen aan den Rijn -19 2 EJ 100 2019 (2 4x1) Club: U-Track. -
Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology Review Biological Determinants of Track and Field Throwing Performance Nikolaos Zaras 1,*, Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki 2 and Gerasimos Terzis 2 1 Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus 2 Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece; [email protected] (A.-N.S.); [email protected] (G.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +357-22842318; Fax: +357-22842399 Abstract: Track and field throwing performance is determined by a number of biomechanical and biological factors which are affected by long-term training. Although much of the research has focused on the role of biomechanical factors on track and field throwing performance, only a small body of scientific literature has focused on the connection of biological factors with competitive track and field throwing performance. The aim of this review was to accumulate and present the current literature connecting the performance in track and field throwing events with specific biological factors, including the anthropometric characteristics, the body composition, the neural activation, the fiber type composition and the muscle architecture characteristics. While there is little published information to develop statistical results, the results from the current review suggest that major biological determinants of track and field throwing performance are the size of lean body mass, the neural activation of the protagonist muscles during the throw and the percentage of type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Long-term training may enhance these biological factors and possibly Citation: Zaras, N.; Stasinaki, A.-N.; lead to a higher track and field throwing performance.