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BIOLOGISKE INTERESSEOMRÅDER I VEST- OG SYDØSTGRØNLAND Kortlægning Af Vigtige Biologiske Områder

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BIOLOGISKE INTERESSEOMRÅDER I VEST- OG SYDØSTGRØNLAND Kortlægning Af Vigtige Biologiske Områder BIOLOGISKE INTERESSEOMRÅDER I VEST- OG SYDØSTGRØNLAND Kortlægning af vigtige biologiske områder Teknisk rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 89 2016 AU AARHUS Grønlands Naturinstitut UNIVERSITET Pinngortitaleriffik • Greenland Institute of Natural Resources DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI [Tom side] BIOLOGISKE INTERESSEOMRÅDER I VEST- OG SYDØSTGRØNLAND Kortlægning af vigtige biologiske områder Teknisk rapport fra DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 89 2016 Tom Christensen 1 Peter Aastrup 1 Tenna Boye 2 David Boertmann 1 Rasmus Hedeholm 2 Kasper Lambert Johansen 1 Flemming Merkel 1 Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid 2 Christian Bay 1 Martin Blicher 2 Daniel Spelling Clausen 1 Fernando Ugarte 2 Kristine Arendt 2 AnnDorthe Burmeister 2 Elmer Topp-Jørgensen 1 Anja Retzel 2 Nanette Hammeken 2 Knud Falk 1 Morten Frederiksen 1 Morten Bjerrum 1 Anders Mosbech 1 1 Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience 2 Grønlands Naturinstitut AARHUS AU UNIVERSITET DCE – NATIONALT CENTER FOR MILJØ OG ENERGI Datablad Serietitel og nummer: Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 89 Titel: Biologiske interesseområder i Vest- og Sydøstgrønland Undertitel: Kortlægning af vigtige biologiske områder Forfattere: Tom Christensen1, Peter Aastrup1, Tenna Boye2, David Boertmann1, Rasmus Hedeholm2, Kasper Lambert Johansen1, Flemming Merkel1,2, Aqqalu Rosing-Asvid2, Christian Bay1, Martin Blicher2, Daniel Spelling Clausen1, Fernando Ugarte2, Kristine Arendt2, AnnDorthe Burmeister2, Elmer Topp-Jørgensen1, Anja Retzel2, Nanette Hammeken2, Knud Falk1, Morten Frederiksen1, Morten Bjerrum1 & Anders Mosbech1 Institutioner: 1Aarhus Universitet, Institut for Bioscience & 2Grønlands Naturinstitut Udgiver: Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi © URL: http://dce.au.dk Udgivelsesår: 2016 Redaktion afsluttet: Januar 2016 Faglig kommentering: Se appendiks 5 Kvalitetssikring, DCE: Kirsten Bang Finansiel støtte: Nærværende rapport er udarbejdet med støtte fra Naalakkersuisut – Departementet for Selvstændighed, Natur, Miljø og Landbrug samt af Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet via programmet for miljøstøtte til Arktis. Rapportens resultater og konklusioner er forfatternes egne og afspejler ikke nødvendigvis Miljø- og Fødevareministeriets henholdsvis Departementet for Selvstændighed, Natur, Miljø og Landbrugs holdninger. Bedes citeret: Christensen, T., Aastrup, P., Boye, T., Boertmann, D., Hedeholm, R., Johansen, K.L., Merkel, F., Rosing-Asvid, A., Bay, C., Blicher, M., Clausen, D.S., Ugarte, F., Arendt, K., Burmeister, A., Topp-Jørgensen, E., Retzel, A, Hammeken, N., Falk, K., Frederiksen, M., Bjerrum, M. & Mosbech, A. 2016. Biologiske interesseområder i Vest- og Sydøstgrønland. Kortlægning af vigtige biologiske områder. Aarhus Universitet, DCE – Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi, 210 s. - Teknisk rapport fra DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi nr. 89 http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR89.pdf Gengivelse tilladt med tydelig kildeangivelse Sammenfatning: Rapporten præsenterer økosystemer og nøglehabitater samt vigtige arters udbredelse, populationsstørrelser og trækkorridorer i Vest- og Sydøstgrønland. Rapporten identificerer tre typer af områder: 1) Artsspecifikke kerneområder, 2) Vigtige områder for naturtyper og andre arealbaserede temaer/ økosystemkomponenter og 3) Økologiske og biologiske interesseområder. Rapporten identificerer 23 økologiske og biologiske interesseområder og anbefaler, at der i det videre strategiske arbejde med beskyttelse af sårbar natur i Grønland er særlig opmærksomhed på disse områder. Alle områder, som er nævnt ovenfor, foreligger som selvstændige datalag, der kan indgå i en GIS (Geografisk Informations System)- analyse. I forbindelse med klimaændringer, øget skibsfart, ændrede mønstre indenfor fangst og fiskeri, udvikling indenfor landbrug, mulige fremtidige industrielle aktiviteter etc. vurderer rapporten, at der i fremtiden med fordel kan anvendes økosystembaseret forvaltning (Ecosystem Based Management, EBM) af land- og havområder i Grønland. Emneord: Biologiske interesseområder i Grønland, Økologisk vigtige områder, vigtige områder for biodiversitet, artsspecifikke kerneområder, grønlandske nøglehabitater, vigtige arters udbredelse, Vestgrønland og Sydøstgrønland, Identificering af vigtige grønlandske biodiversitetsområder. Layout: Grafisk Værksted, AU-Silkeborg Illustrationer: Daniel Spelling Clausen, Kasper Lambert Johansen, Morten Bjerrum Foto forside: Carsten Egevang Photography ISBN: 978-87-7156-223-1 ISSN (elektronisk): 2244-999X Sideantal: 210 Internetversion: Rapporten er tilgængelig i elektronisk format (pdf) som http://dce2.au.dk/pub/TR89.pdf Indhold 1 Imaqarniliaq 5 2 Resume 8 3 Summary 10 4 Introduktion 12 4.1 Geografisk afgrænsning 12 4.2 Rapportens opbygning 13 5 National lovgivning og internationale retningslinjer og aftaler 14 5.1 National naturlovgivning 14 5.2 Internationale udpegninger af grønlandske områder 19 5.3 Internationale aftaler af betydning for national areal- baseret naturbeskyttelse 20 6 Menneskelige aktiviteter i Vest- og Sydøstgrønland 32 6.1 Påvirkninger relateret til forskellige erhverv 32 6.2 Fritidsaktiviteter 38 6.3 Byudvikling 39 6.4 Andre aktiviteter 39 6.5 Kumulerede påvirkninger 39 7 Kriterier og metode for identifikation af vigtige områder for biodiversitet og øko-systemer 41 7.1 Identifikation af artsspecifikke kerneområder 43 7.2 Identifikation af vigtige naturtyper og andre areal- baserede temaer 43 7.3 Kriterier for identifikation af biologisk interesseområder 44 8 Artsspecifikke kerneområder for fauna 46 8.1 Pattedyr – terrestriske 47 8.2 Pattedyr – marine 52 8.3 Fugle – terrestriske 81 8.4 Havfugle 92 8.5 Fisk, krabber og rejer 113 9 Naturtyper og andre arealbaserede temaer 128 9.1 Planter 128 9.2 Højproduktive terrestriske områder 133 9.3 Pilekrat, ellekrat og birkeskov 133 9.4 Ensvarme kilder 135 9.5 Saltsøer 136 9.6 Marine områder med høj produktivitet 137 9.7 Vigtige områder for bentiske invertebrater 141 9.8 Særlige forskningsområder 143 10 Identifikation af økologiske og biologiske interesseområder 145 10.1 Oversigt over identificerede områder 145 10.2 Oversigt over temalag relateret til identificeringskriterierne 145 10.3 Områderne 148 11 Manglende viden 165 12 Konklusion / Anbefalinger 166 13 Litteraturliste 167 Appendiks 1. Oversigt over plantesamfundene og deres forekomst i de forskellige plantebælter 202 Appendiks 2. Oversigt over Grønlands endemiske plantearter 203 Appendiks 3. Oversigt over sjældne, ikke endemiske plantearter 205 Appendiks 4. De biologiske temaers numeriske bidrag til kortet over biologisk vigtige områder 206 Appendiks 5. Oversigt over forfatter- og kvalitetssikringsbidrag 208 1 Imaqarniliaq Namminiilivinnermut, Pinngortitamut, Avatangiisinut Nunalerinermullu Naalakkersuisoqarfik Aarhus Universitetimi Avatangiisinut Nukissiuuteqarnermullu Ilisimatusarfik (DCE) qinnuigaa, nalunaarusiaq manna, Kalaallit Nunaata Kitaani aamma Tunup Kujataani sumiiffinnik avatangiisinik uumassusilinnillu mianerinniffiusunik pingaarnernik (matuma kingorna ”misissuiffiusut”) sumiissusersiniarfiusoq suliareqqullugu. Pinngortitap sunnertiasup (pinngortitap ataqatigiinnerata uumassusillillu assigiinngissitaarnerisa) innarlitsaaliorneqarnissaanut atatillugu suliniuteqarnerup sakkortusineqarnissaa siunertaralugu uumassusilinnik ilisimasaqarnermi tunngavissat pitsaanerulersinneqarnissaat nalunaarusiami siunertarineqarpoq. Nalunaarusiami paasissutissat pissarsiarineqarsinnaasut, Kalaallit Nunaanni sakkussiassanik uuliamillu ujaalernissaq sioqqullugu sumiiffinni pingaarutilinni sunnertiasunilu suliniuteqarnikkut avatangiisinut sunniutissanik nalilersuinermut nalunaarsuinermullu atatillugu DCE-mit aamma Kalaallit Nunaanni Pinngortitaleriffimmit (GN) suliarineqartut tunngavigineqarput. Kiisalu Pinngortitaleriffiup isumalluutinik uumassusilinnik atuineq pillugu siunnersuinermut atatillugu paasissutissat ilaatinneqarput. Paasissutissat taakku sulianut nalunaarusianik kiisalu ilisimatusarnermi allaatigisanik tapertaqartinneqarput. Nalunaarusiami misissuiffiusuni pinngortitap uumassusillit ornittagarisartagaallu ataqatigiinneri , kiisalu uumasut pingaarutillit siammarsimaneri, amerlassusaat ingerlaarfiilu ilisaritinneqarput. Nalunaarusiami sumiiffiit assigiinngitsut pingasunngorlugit sumiissusersiniarneqarput: 1) Sumiiffiit pingaarnerit uumasunik immikkoorfiusut, sumiiffinnut uumasoqatigiit ataasiakkaat toqqissisimanerinut ulorianartorsiorfiusunut taaguutaavoq. Sumiiffiit taakku naliginnaasumik tassaapput uumasut pigineqartut katersuuffii, kisiannili aamma sumiiffiit taakku allanik uumasoqarsinnaapput, soorlu ingerlaarfiusinnaallutik. Nalunaarusiami Kalaallit Nunaanni uumasut assigiinngitsut 65-it sinnerlugit amerlassusillit saqqummiunneqarput, sumiiffiillu uumasunut taak- kununnga pingaarutillit assigiinngitsut ilisaritinneqarlutik. 2) Pinngortitami sumiiffiit pingaarutillit aammalu nunaminertanik tunngaveqartut/pinngortitami ataqatigiiffiusut allat, sumiiffinnik uumassusillit annertuumik kinguaassiorfiusunik, naasoqarluartunik imaluunniit immikkut ittunik naasulinnik, sumiiffinnik uumassuseqarnikkut immikkoorutilinnik, uumassuteqassutsimut assigiinngissitaarnerata sumiiffiinik allanik il.il. uumassusilinnik annertuumik peqartunik ilaqartinneqartut. Nalunaarusiami sumiiffiit taamaattut assigiinngitsut 15-it missaanniittut ilisaritinneqarput. 3) Sumiiffiit avatangiisinik uumassusilinnillu soqutigisaqarfiusut tassaapput sumiiffiit, uumasut aalajangersimasut pingaarnertut najugaat aammalu pinngortitami immikkoortut akulikinnerusumik
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