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Sumero-Babylonian King Lists and Date Lists A XI Sumero-Babylonian King Lists and Date Lists A. R. GEORGE The Antediluvian King List The antediluvian king list is an Old Babylonian (b) a tablet from Nippur, now in Istanbul text, composed in Sumerian, that purports to (Kraus 1952: 31) document the reigns of successive kings of (c) another reportedly from Khafaje (Tutub), remote antiquity, from the time when the gods now in Berkeley, California (Finkelstein first transmitted to mankind the institution of 1963: 40) kingship until the interruption of human histo- (d) a further tablet now in the Karpeles Manu- ry by the great Flood. The list exists in several script Library, Santa Barbara, California, versions. Sometimes it appears as the opening given below in a preliminary transliteration section of the Sumerian King List, as in text (No. 97) No. 98 below. More often it occurs as an inde- (e) a small fragment from Nippur now in Phil- pendent list, of which one example is held by adelphia that bears lines from the list fol- the Schøyen collection, published here as text lowed by other text (Peterson 2008). No. 96. Other examples of the Old Babylonian A more extensive treatment of the lists of ante- list of antediluvian kings copied independently diluvian kings, including No. 96 and the tablet of the Sumerian King List are: in the Karpeles Manuscript Library, is promised (a) the tablet W-B 62, of uncertain prove- by Gianni Marchesi as part of his forthcoming nance and now in the Ashmolean Museum larger study of the Sumerian king lists. (Langdon 1923 pl. 6) No. 96 MS 2855 Pls. LXXVIII–LXXIX MS 2855 is a small oblong tablet inscribed on Íè ba-de6 “its kingship was taken to GN” as both faces and the top, bottom and left edges nam-lugal-Íè GN ba-de6, literally “GN was with twenty-nine lines of early Old Babylonian brought to kingship,” which is less satisfactory. cuneiform script. The main content is a version The exemplar of the list now in the Karpeles of the antediluvian king list, but this is followed Manuscript Library (No. 97) also uses this ver- by a damaged passage, written in Akkadian and sion of the formula, and shows that it is not an in a smaller script, which remains partly unde- idiosyncrasy of a single scribe but a corrupt ciphered. As understood here, it ends with a variant passed down in tradition. statement enjoining the addressee not to stop MS 2855 has already been published in reciting the text, which suggests that the pre- Jöran Friberg’s volume of mathematical texts in ceding list had some function in scribal ritual or the Schøyen Collection (2007: 237–38, 491). academic oratory. Friberg relied on a copy made by Farouk Al- A notable feature of the text is the render- Rawi from photographs, without first-hand ing of the standard formula nam-lugal-bi GN- collation of the original. 199 200 Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts obv. 1 (In) Eridu (was) kingship: Alulim 2 1 eriduki nam-lugal a-lu-li[m] reigned for 28,800 years, 3 Elalgar [reigned] 2 mu Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár ì- for 43,200 years, 4 Eridu was overthrown. a[k] Kingship 5 was taken to Bad-tibira: 6 Am- 7 3 e-làl-gar mu Íár™u Íár+Íár ‚ìŸ-[ak] miluanna (was) king, reigned for 36,000 4 eriduki ba-Íub nam-lugal-Íè years, 8 Enmegalanna reigned for 28,800 ki 9 10 5 bàd-tibir -ra ba-de6 years, Dumuzi reigned for 28,800 years, 6 am-mi-lú-an-na lugal Bad-tibira was overthrown. 11 Kingship 12 7 mu Íár™u ì-ak [was taken to Larak:] Ensipazi[anna (was 8 en-me-gal-an-na mu king,) 13 reigned] for 13,800 years, 14 Larak 15 Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár ì-ak was [overthrown.] Kingship [was taken] 16 9 ddumu-zi mu to Sippar: Meduranki reigned for 7,200 17 18 Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár ì-ak years, Sippar was overthrown. King- 19 10 bàd-tibirki-ra ‚ba-ÍubŸ ship was taken to fiuruppak: Uburtutu reigned for 36,000 years. 20 Total: eight 11 nam-lugal-Íè l[a-ra-ak ba-de6] 22 21 12 en-sipa-zi-[an-na (lugal)] kings, . they reigned their 222,600 years. lower edge 23 . 24 like tamarisk(?). [Its] inscription, 13 mu Íár+Íár+Íár géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ- 25 which 26b . 25 for [ . ] 26a and [ . ,] u+géÍ-u ì-[ak] 27 you must not refrain(!) from reading rev. aloud. 14 la-ra-ak ba-Í[ub] k i 15 nam-lugal-Íè zimbir [ ba-de6] 16 me-dur-an-ki mu Íár-Íár ì-a[k] 17 zimbirki ba-Íub ki 18 nam-lugal-Íè Íuruppak -Íè ba-d[e6] 19 ubur-du-du ‚muŸ Íár™u ì-ak 20 ‚Íu+nigin 8Ÿ lugal 21 ‚muŸ-bi-me-eÍ Íár{™MIN}-gal Íár géÍ- u+géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ-u 22 giÍ-x ì-ak ———————————————————— 23 x mi id ‚riŸ mi ir mi r[i] / x x gi zi za ni 30 u[Í]? 24 ki-‚maŸ bi-ni-im Íi-ˇi-ir-[Íu] 25 Ía a-na me-[x x (x) x x] 26a ù [x x x (x) x x x] upper edge 26b i-za-x[ (x) x] left edge 27 Íi-ta-sà-am ù-la ta-ka-la!(tablet: li) Sumero-Babylonian King Lists and Date Lists 201 No. 97 Karpeles Manuscript Library Pl. LXXX This is a small oblong tablet now in the collec- abgal “sage”) instead of simple NUN (ll. 1, 4, 16, tion of the Karpeles Manuscript Library, Santa 17). This mistake probably arose from an intru- Barbara, California. It holds twenty-seven lines sion in the writer’s mind of the mythological of Old Babylonian cuneiform, inscribed on tradition that placed the sages in the antedilu- both faces and three edges. The text is a version vian era. of the list of antediluvian kings very similar to The transliteration given here is informed the preceding exemplar, but with an interesting by photographs kindly supplied by Renee line of summary (l. 27). A noteworthy idiosyn- Kovacs, checked against the transliteration of a crasy is the erroneous spelling of Eridu and Sip- scholar who was able to study the tablet first- par with the sign combination NUN.ME (i.e. hand but wished to remain anonymous. obv. 24 Íuruppakki ba-Íub 1 eridu.{me}ki nam-lugal upper edge 2 a-lu-lim Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár 25 Íu-nigin 8 lugal 5 ur[uk]i-didli mu ì-ak 26 Íu-nigin Íár-gal Íár géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ- 3 e-lal-gar Íár™u Íár+Íár mu ì-ak u+géÍ-u+géÍ-u mu-bi/-e-ne 4 eridu.{me}ki ba-Íub nam-lugal left edge ki ? 5 ‚bàd-tibirŸ-ra ba-de6 27 a-ma-ru b[a-(x)-è]d([DU]6.DU) -àm ki 6 [b]àd-tibir-ra lugal-e ‚lugal-eŸ ba-záÓ-am6 7 [am/en]-‚menŸ-lu-an-na Íár™u mu ì-ak 1 (In) Eridu (was) kingship: 2 Alulim 8 en-me-gal-an-na reigned for 28,800 years, 3 Elalgar reigned Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár mu ì-ak for 43,200 years, 4 Eridu was overthrown. 9 ddumu-zi Kingship 5 was taken to Bad-tibira, 6 in Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár+Íár mu ì-ak 7 ki Bad-tibira (ruled) the king: [Am/ 10 bàd-tibir-ra ba-Íub 8 ki En]menluanna reigned for 36,000 years, 11 nam-lugal-Íè la-ra-ak -Íè ba-de6 9 ki Enmegalanna reigned for 28,800 years, 12 la-ra-ak lugal-e Dumuzi reigned for 28,800 years, 10 Bad-ti- lower edge bira was overthrown. 11 Kingship was taken 13 en-sipa-zi-an-na to Larak, 12 (in) Larak (ruled) the king: 13 rev. Ensipazianna 14 reigned for 13,800 years, 15 14 Íár+Íár+Íár géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ-u+géÍ- Larak was overthrown. 16 Kingship was u+géÍ-u mu ì-ak taken to Sippar, 17 (in) Sippar (ruled) the 15 la-ra-akki ba-Íub king: 18 Meduranki reigned for 7,200 years, ki 19 20 16 nam-lugal-Íè zimbir.{me} / ba-de6 Sippar was overthrown. Kingship was 17 zimbir.{me}ki lugal-‚eŸ taken to fiuruppak, 21 (in) fiuruppak (ruled) 18 [m]e-dur-an-ki Íár+Íár mu ì-a[k] the king: 22 Uburtutu 23 reigned for 36,000 ki 24 25 19 [zi]mbir.{me} ba-Íub years, fiuruppak was overthrown. To- ki 26 20 nam-lugal-Íè Íuruppak / ba-de6 tal: eight kings, five cities; total: 222,600 21 Íuruppakki lugal-e years. 27 The flood [came] down(?), the (of- 22 ubur-tu-tu fice of) king was lost. 23 Íár™u mu ì-ak 202 Royal Inscriptions and Related Texts The Sumerian King List The principal chronological text handed down An electronic edition, based on sources avail- in Old Babylonian schools is that known as the able in 1999, is available at the Electronic Text Sumerian King List. Since the time of its last Corpus of Sumerian Literature (www-etcsl. print edition (Jacobsen 1939), many new orient.ox.ac.uk). sources have been published, conveniently list- Two further sources exist in the Schøyen ed by Claudine-Adrienne Vincente (1995: Collection and are presented here as texts Nos.
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