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Still Photography
Still Photography Soumik Mitra, Published by - Jharkhand Rai University Subject: STILL PHOTOGRAPHY Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Introduction to Photography Beginning of Photography; People who shaped up Photography. Camera; Lenses & Accessories - I What a Camera; Types of Camera; TLR; APS & Digital Cameras; Single-Lens Reflex Cameras. Camera; Lenses & Accessories - II Photographic Lenses; Using Different Lenses; Filters. Exposure & Light Understanding Exposure; Exposure in Practical Use. Photogram Introduction; Making Photogram. Darkroom Practice Introduction to Basic Printing; Photographic Papers; Chemicals for Printing. Suggested Readings: 1. Still Photography: the Problematic Model, Lew Thomas, Peter D'Agostino, NFS Press. 2. Images of Information: Still Photography in the Social Sciences, Jon Wagner, 3. Photographic Tools for Teachers: Still Photography, Roy A. Frye. Introduction to Photography STILL PHOTOGRAPHY Course Descriptions The department of Photography at the IFT offers a provocative and experimental curriculum in the setting of a large, diversified university. As one of the pioneers programs of graduate and undergraduate study in photography in the India , we aim at providing the best to our students to help them relate practical studies in art & craft in professional context. The Photography program combines the teaching of craft, history, and contemporary ideas with the critical examination of conventional forms of art making. The curriculum at IFT is designed to give students the technical training and aesthetic awareness to develop a strong individual expression as an artist. The faculty represents a broad range of interests and aesthetics, with course offerings often reflecting their individual passions and concerns. In this fundamental course, students will identify basic photographic tools and their intended purposes, including the proper use of various camera systems, light meters and film selection. -
Visual Tilt Estimation for Planar-Motion Methods in Indoor Mobile Robots
robotics Article Visual Tilt Estimation for Planar-Motion Methods in Indoor Mobile Robots David Fleer Computer Engineering Group, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, D-33594 Bielefeld, Germany; dfl[email protected]; Tel.: +49-521-106-5279 Received: 22 September 2017; Accepted: 28 October 2017; Published: date Abstract: Visual methods have many applications in mobile robotics problems, such as localization, navigation, and mapping. Some methods require that the robot moves in a plane without tilting. This planar-motion assumption simplifies the problem, and can lead to improved results. However, tilting the robot violates this assumption, and may cause planar-motion methods to fail. Such a tilt should therefore be corrected. In this work, we estimate a robot’s tilt relative to a ground plane from individual panoramic images. This estimate is based on the vanishing point of vertical elements, which commonly occur in indoor environments. We test the quality of two methods on images from several environments: An image-space method exploits several approximations to detect the vanishing point in a panoramic fisheye image. The vector-consensus method uses a calibrated camera model to solve the tilt-estimation problem in 3D space. In addition, we measure the time required on desktop and embedded systems. We previously studied visual pose-estimation for a domestic robot, including the effect of tilts. We use these earlier results to establish meaningful standards for the estimation error and time. Overall, we find the methods to be accurate and fast enough for real-time use on embedded systems. However, the tilt-estimation error increases markedly in environments containing relatively few vertical edges. -
Minoru Photo Club the Art of Panning (By Natalie Norton ) What Is
Minoru Photo Club July 24, 2018 There are different ways of creating a sense of movement in photography. From John Hedgecoe’s Photography Basics, he listed four ways – Slow Shutter, panning, diagonal movement and zoom movement. For today, I will share with you what I have researched on the art of panning using a slow shutter speed. There are many unwritten rules in photography. Keeping your camera steady is one of them. Well, for this artistic technique, you will need to forget all you have learned about the importance of shooting with a rock-solid camera. The creative result will be many cool motion-blur images The Art Of Panning (by Natalie Norton) What is Panning? Panning is one of many artistic techniques for more creative photographs. It is the horizontal movement of a camera, deliberately moving or panning the camera, as it scans a moving subject. It is the swinging of the camera - steadily to follow a passing subject, (can keep a moving image in one place on the film). Panning is another effective way of instilling a sense of motion in a picture with a moving subject. The result is a fairly sharp subject set against a blurred and streaked background. This gives the shot a real feeling of motion, speed and action. SOME TIPS & GUIDELINES: Subject/What should I Photograph? – since you want to create a sense of motion, your obvious subject choices include cars, racing cars, joggers, cyclists, etc.. But do try this technique when capturing pets, horses, people running or even someone on a swing. -
Shooting the Stars: an Intro to Astrophotography
Temperatures are dropping and fall has fallen, bringing with it colorful leaves changing hues, football season and an anticipation of the holidays ahead. This month’s issue includes what you’ll need to photograph fall sporting events as well as tips for shooting the stars. We know scary season is coming so we’ve included some of our favorite Halloween picture-taking tips. We also let you know the one thing you should check before entering a photo contest. Want to know about the legal suit that focused on a monkey taking a selfie? And how it ended? It’s in here! Remember that we’re here for you, so please call, email or visit us on Facebook. We’re happy to answer any photography questions and we'll make sure that you get the best camera or accessory for your particular needs and budget. Shooting the Stars: An Intro to Astrophotography Do you enjoy getting lost in thought the stars, so feel free to adjust your settings while staring at the nighttime sky? Turns accordingly. You will want to shoot at out that you aren’t alone. Not only is different settings and using auto mode won’t an evening enjoying nature’s light work well in this situation. Also, check the show a wonderful hobby, it has also weather as clouds and overcast skies will fostered an interest in photographing keep the nighttime jewels hidden from sight. shooting star trails and other Need a couple of basics to get started evening star shows. in Astrophotography? The term ‘astrophotography’ simply means photographing Our quality ProMaster remotes anything not on Earth, but rather, in space. -
Sky-Watcher Star Adventurer Mini (SAM)
SAMStar Adventurer Mini User Guide • Astrophotography • Time-Lapse Photography • DSLR Camera Control Quite Possibly The Most Compact and Versatile Camera Tracking Platform in the Known Universe! Thank You For Purchasing This Sky-Watcher Product The Sky-Watcher Star Adventurer Mini (SAM) is a compact high-precision camera tracking platform that is ideal for long exposure astrophotography as well as time-lapse photography in daytime and nighttime settings. SAM easily fits in your backpack or camera bag, making it a convenient travel companion that can venture with you into remote locations. SAM comes with built-in WiFi and the free Star Adventurer mini Console App for Android and iOS platforms. SAM is easy to set up and easy to operate in all of its modes. The more you use it, the more you’ll love it! For your Safety To prevent damage to your Sky-Watcher product or injury to yourself or to others, all users of this product should first read the following safety precautions entirely before using this equipment. WARNING: • Do not look at the sun through the polar scope. Viewing the sun or other strong light sources through the polar scope could cause permanent visual impairment. • Do not use in the presence of flammable gas. Do not use electronic equipment in the presence of flammable gas, as this could result in explosion or fire. • Keep out of reach of children. Failure to do so could result in injury. Moreover, note that small parts constitute a choking hazard. Consult a physician immediately if a child swallows any part of this equipment. -
Photography Tripod
Photography tripod Why do I Need a Tripod? http://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/video/buying-guides/what-look-when-you-are-looking-video- tripod Tripod Tricks? http://vimeo.com/videoschool/lesson/110/tripod-tricks Extending and Locking the Tripod Legs When you have arrived at you location or on the set and are ready to set up your tripod I feel it best to extend the legs before you spread them into position. By doing it in this way you will get the legs into roughly the same length much easier than trying to eyeball the leg length. To extend the legs un-lock the first section of the tripod and extend the leg to the desired position and secure the lock into the closed position (figures 4, 5, and 6). Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Then press the locking tab back into the closed position (figure 6). Repeat these steps for the remaining legs. Would be good to point out that "proper" way of opening tripods is top down, so that the thinnest leg section is the last to be used Fine tuning the camera height can be done with the center column, once you have established the desired height Loosen the locking knob on the center column and lift the camera into position (figures 7 and 8). Figure 7 Figure 8 With the camera in the position you want re-tighten the locking knob to secure the column into position (figure 9). Bear in mind that the center column is the part of the tripod most subject to torsion and vibration - many professional photographers choose never to use it at all. -
Surface Tilt (The Direction of Slant): a Neglected Psychophysical Variable
Perception & Psychophysics 1983,33 (3),241-250 Surface tilt (the direction of slant): A neglected psychophysical variable KENT A. STEVENS Massachusetts InstituteofTechnology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Surface slant (the angle between the line of sight and the surface normal) is an important psy chophysical variable. However, slant angle captures only one of the two degrees of freedom of surface orientation, the other being the direction of slant. Slant direction, measured in the image plane, coincides with the direction of the gradient of distance from viewer to surface and, equivalently, with the direction the surface normal would point if projected onto the image plane. Since slant direction may be quantified by the tilt of the projected normal (which ranges over 360 deg in the frontal plane), it is referred to here as surfacetilt. (Note that slant angle is mea sured perpendicular to the image plane, whereas tilt angle is measured in the image plane.) Com pared with slant angle's popularity as a psychophysical variable, the attention paid to surface tilt seems undeservedly scant. Experiments that demonstrate a technique for measuring ap parent surface tilt are reported. The experimental stimuli were oblique crosses and parallelo grams, which suggest oriented planes in SoD. The apparent tilt of the plane might beprobed by orienting a needle in SoD so as to appear normal, projecting the normal onto the image plane, and measuring its direction (e.g., relative to the horizontal). It is shown to be preferable, how ever, to merely rotate a line segment in 2-D, superimposed on the display, until it appears nor mal to the perceived surface. -
Shooting Sharp Images: Gear and Techniques You Need
SHOOTING SHARP IMAGES: GEAR AND TECHNIQUES YOU NEED Steps you can take to ensure you’re shooting sharp images every time. “For with slight efforts how should we obtain great results? It is foolish even to desire it.” – EURIPIDES An image that looks perfectly sharp on the camera’s preview screen or your laptop display may print undesirably soft. This blog entry reviews ways to capture an image with as much sharpness as possible. You can always soften a print later, but putting sharpness in later is much trickier. Shoot It Right, Don’t Try to Make It Right It’s tempting to think you can fix sharpness problems later, in the computer. Don’t fall into this trap! Software sharpening has limits, and it’s always more efficient to do something correctly rather than have to try to fix it later on. What are the elements of shooting sharp images? BUY THE RIGHT TRIPOD Use sturdy support, adequate to your particular camera’s needs. Many people make uninformed decisions when buying tripods, and are often disappointed with the lack of improvement in sharpness. Here are some pointers on tripod shopping. A full blog entry on selecting the best tripod and head combination is on tap for a future post. Meanwhile, start here. Know the weight of the items the tripod needs to support. Tripods are rated for different amounts of supported weights, and a tripod designed to support 10 lbs (4.54 kg) will not do much good when supporting 40 lbs (18.14kg) of long lens, heavy camera, brackets, strobe and tripod head. -
Rethinking Coalitions: Anti-Pornography Feminists, Conservatives, and Relationships Between Collaborative Adversarial Movements
Rethinking Coalitions: Anti-Pornography Feminists, Conservatives, and Relationships between Collaborative Adversarial Movements Nancy Whittier This research was partially supported by the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences. The author thanks the following people for their comments: Martha Ackelsberg, Steven Boutcher, Kai Heidemann, Holly McCammon, Ziad Munson, Jo Reger, Marc Steinberg, Kim Voss, the anonymous reviewers for Social Problems, and editor Becky Pettit. A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2011 Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association. Direct correspondence to Nancy Whittier, 10 Prospect St., Smith College, Northampton MA 01063. Email: [email protected]. 1 Abstract Social movements interact in a wide range of ways, yet we have only a few concepts for thinking about these interactions: coalition, spillover, and opposition. Many social movements interact with each other as neither coalition partners nor opposing movements. In this paper, I argue that we need to think more broadly and precisely about the relationships between movements and suggest a framework for conceptualizing non- coalitional interaction between movements. Although social movements scholars have not theorized such interactions, “strange bedfellows” are not uncommon. They differ from coalitions in form, dynamics, relationship to larger movements, and consequences. I first distinguish types of relationships between movements based on extent of interaction and ideological congruence and describe the relationship between collaborating, ideologically-opposed movements, which I call “collaborative adversarial relationships.” Second, I differentiate among the dimensions along which social movements may interact and outline the range of forms that collaborative adversarial relationships may take. Third, I theorize factors that influence collaborative adversarial relationships’ development over time, the effects on participants and consequences for larger movements, in contrast to coalitions. -
Tilt Anisoplanatism in Laser-Guide-Star-Based Multiconjugate Adaptive Optics
A&A 400, 1199–1207 (2003) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20030022 & c ESO 2003 Astrophysics Tilt anisoplanatism in laser-guide-star-based multiconjugate adaptive optics Reconstruction of the long exposure point spread function from control loop data R. C. Flicker1,2,F.J.Rigaut2, and B. L. Ellerbroek2 1 Lund Observatory, Box 43, 22100 Lund, Sweden 2 Gemini Observatory, 670 N. A’Ohoku Pl., Hilo HI-96720, USA Received 22 August 2002 / Accepted 6 January 2003 Abstract. A method is presented for estimating the long exposure point spread function (PSF) degradation due to tilt aniso- planatism in a laser-guide-star-based multiconjugate adaptive optics systems from control loop data. The algorithm is tested in numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the separately driven low-order null-mode system, and is shown to be robust and accurate with less than 10% relative error in both H and K bands down to a natural guide star (NGS) magnitude of mR = 21, for a symmetric asterism with three NGS on a 30 arcsec radius. The H band limiting magnitude of the null-mode system due to NGS signal-to-noise ratio and servo-lag was estimated previously to mR = 19. At this magnitude, the relative errors in the reconstructed PSF and Strehl are here found to be less than 5% and 1%, suggesting that the PSF retrieval algorithm will be applicable and reliable for the full range of operating conditions of the null-mode system. Key words. Instrumentation – adaptive optics – methods – statistical 1. Introduction algorithms is much reduced. Set to amend the two failings, to increase the sky coverage and reduce anisoplanatism, are 1.1. -
Special Techniques to Make Your Image Different
Special techniques to make your image different 1. Timelapse in one image During a photo tour in Yunnan province, China, we go shoot at a busy local market. I, however, like to experiment something new, presenting the hustle and bustle of the market photographically in a unique way: A time-lapse compressed into one image. To achieve the result, 2 approaches coming to my mind: Option 1. Using the in-camera Multiple exposure mode: Nikon cameras has multiple exposure functions for long time. After years of being ignored, it finally comes to Canon cameras starting 5D III, which I happen to use. This one is shot using "Average" mode in multiple exposure, I set total of 9 exposures, taking one shot every couple seconds, the exposure is automatically reduced, proportional to the number of shots taken, to avoid over-exposing common areas or overlapping bright areas. Where overlapping areas do occur, the final brightness level will be the same as the would have been in a single, properly- exposed shot. And, any non-overlapping areas will be darkened. The final combined image is automatically generated by the camera. The pro is that you can experiment a lot with this technique, simple and fast. The con however, is that you have no control on the resulting image at all. The camera has full control here. Option 2. Taking a lot shots and manipulate them in post processing: This is a hard way, but you have absolute control of the final image. It, however, is time-consuming and requires lots of fiddling with Photoshop. -
Depth of Field in Photography
Instructor: N. David King Page 1 DEPTH OF FIELD IN PHOTOGRAPHY Handout for Photography Students N. David King, Instructor WWWHAT IS DDDEPTH OF FFFIELD ??? Photographers generally have to deal with one of two main optical issues for any given photograph: Motion (relative to the film plane) and Depth of Field. This handout is about Depth of Field. But what is it? Depth of Field is a major compositional tool used by photographers to direct attention to specific areas of a print or, at the other extreme, to allow the viewer’s eye to travel in focus over the entire print’s surface, as it appears to do in reality. Here are two example images. Depth of Field Examples Shallow Depth of Field Deep Depth of Field using wide aperture using small aperture and close focal distance and greater focal distance Depth of Field in PhotogPhotography:raphy: Student Handout © N. DavDavidid King 2004, Rev 2010 Instructor: N. David King Page 2 SSSURPRISE !!! The first image (the garden flowers on the left) was shot IIITTT’’’S AAALL AN ILLUSION with a wide aperture and is focused on the flower closest to the viewer. The second image (on the right) was shot with a smaller aperture and is focused on a yellow flower near the rear of that group of flowers. Though it looks as if we are really increasing the area that is in focus from the first image to the second, that apparent increase is actually an optical illusion. In the second image there is still only one plane where the lens is critically focused.