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Diabrotica Collicola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a New Species of Leaf Beetle from Argentina and Key to Species of the Diabrotica Virgifera Group and Relatives

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Diabrotica Collicola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a New Species of Leaf Beetle from Argentina and Key to Species of the Diabrotica Virgifera Group and Relatives Zootaxa 2683: 45–55 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Diabrotica collicola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a new species of leaf beetle from Argentina and key to species of the Diabrotica virgifera group and relatives NORA CABRERA1,3 & GUILLERMO CABRERA WALSH2 1División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] 2South American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Bolivar 1559, B1686EFA- Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract The new species Diabrotica collicola Cabrera & Cabrera Walsh is described and illustrated based on specimens collected from Balcozna, Catamarca Province (Argentina). A full description is provided and includes adding morphological characters of the mouthparts, hind wing venation, binding patch, metendosternite, and details of male and female genitalia previously overlooked for the genus. Diabrotica collicola is recognized by the following characters: general color parrot green with yellowish vittae, genal space less than 1/4 maximum length of the eye, antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in males, 3 longer in females, both antennomeres together more than length 1/2 of 4 in both sexes, prothoracic and mesothoracic tarsi of males with ventral adhesive patch, internal sac of the median lobe with four sclerites. Differences with similar species D. mutabilis Baly, D. fulvofasciata Jacoby, D. mapiriensis gussi Krysan & Smith and D. porracea Harold are discussed. A key to D. collicola and similar species is provided. Key words: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Diabrotica collicola, Argentina, systematics Introduction The genus Diabrotica Chevrolat comprises 338 species arranged in three groups, as proposed by Smith & Lawrence (1967): Diabrotica fucata group, Diabrotica virgifera group and Diabrotica signifera group. Some of the species do not clearly fit within any of these groups and they may need to be placed in others (Cabrera et al. 2008). Members of this genus are distributed throughout Central and South America, with the exception of continental Chile and southern Argentina, although this distribution may be widened in the future. Only species of the D. fucata and D. virgifera groups are represented in Argentina and they are widely distributed in the central and northern parts of the country, up to the provinces of Ro Negro and Neuquén (ca. 40ºS) (Cabrera 2001 a, b). So far, only three species in the D. virgifera group have been found in Argentina, whereas the D. fucata group is much better represented (Krysan & Smith 1987; Cabrera 2001 a, b; Cabrera & Cabrera Walsh 2004a). However, most species studied are from the subtropical and temperate plains, while the northwestern highlands of Argentina have rarely been explored for galerucines. This region, covering the Yungas, Puna and Prepuna biogeographical provinces (Cabrera & Willink 1980), is characterized by a series of north - south oriented valleys and large plateaus between 1,000 and 4,000 m in elevation, isolated by arid mountainous chains of 4000 – 6000 m in elevation. Annual rainfall ranges from 50 to 600 mm and occurs almost exclusively during summer. Agriculture in this area is limited to the lower parts of the valleys, fringing the floodplains. It is mostly irrigation dependent and consists of small, traditional polyculture farms. During the years 2001 to 2003, we traveled in this region in search for species of Diabrotica and their natural enemies. The purpose of this paper is to provide a full description of a new species, Diabrotica collicola, including morphological characters of the mouthparts, hind wing venation, binding patch, metendosternite, and some Accepted by M.L. Chamorro: 25 Oct. 2010; published: 22 Nov. 2010 45 details of male and female genitalia previously overlooked in the genus. A key to D. collicola and similar species is provided. Material and methods Adult specimens were collected with hand-held aspirators from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchense) and maize (Zea mays L.), and from cucurbitacin-baited cloths during December and March. In the laboratory, the beetles were fed an artificial diet, and offered maize seedlings wrapped in black cotton cloth to obtain eggs (Cabrera Walsh 2001). Morphological terminology follows Cabrera & Cabrera Walsh (2004b), Konstantinov (1998a and b), and Lingafelter & Konstantinov (2000). Measurements were taken using an eye-piece micrometer on a Wild dissecting microscope at 25X magnification. The range is indicated in millimeters, with the average and standard error in brackets. Measurements and abbreviations used in the text were: eye length (eL), genal length (GL), length of antennomeres (A1-A4), length of pronotum (PL), pronotum width (PW), humeral width (HW), elytral length (EL), and elytral width (EW), as defined by Cabrera & Cabrera Walsh (2004b). Other measurements include interocular distance (OD), measured across the vertex between the eyes; and interantennal distance (AD), the distance between the inner margins of the antennal sockets. Body length was measured from the posterior margin of the eyes to the apex of the longest elytron. Relative proportions of the above-mentioned measurements for AD/OD, GL/eL, PW/PL, HW/PW, and EW/HW were computed. Drawings were made with camera lucida on a Leitz compound microscope and a Wild dissecting microscope. Electron micrographs were taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Jeol SMZ 1500. The holotype and paratypes have been deposited in the collection of the Museo de La Plata (MLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The type label includes the species name, the type status and gender. Results Diabrotica collicola Cabrera & Cabrera Walsh, new species (Figs. 1−19) Diagnosis. Small-sized species, body oval, slightly convex. Coloration parrot green with yellowish vittae. Genal space less than 1/4 maximum length of the eye. Antennomeres 2 and 3 subequal in males, 3 longer in females, together more than 1/2 length of 4. Elytra with two weak sulci, basal inner surface of elytra with single binding patch. Pro- and mesothoracic tarsi of males with ventral adhesive patch. Receptacle of spermatheca subcylindrical. Internal sac of the median lobe with four sclerites. Holotype male. (Fig. 1). Color. Head yellowish brown, one-third of mandibles chestnut colored. Antennomeres chestnut colored, with all surfaces of antennomere 1 green. Disc of pronotum green, tinged with yellowish brown. Each elytron parrot green with two yellowish vittae, one medial, widest at middle area, tinged with brown, the other marginal, both vittae partly or entirely confluent at apex; epipleura yellowish; humeral calli yellowish brown. Scutellum amber. Coxae and basal third of femora yellowish brown, tarsi chestnut colored. Venter with prosternum parrot green, meso-metasternum and abdomen yellowish tinged with brown. Head. Vertex finely and sparsely punctate, depressed above antennal calli; antennal calli oval, elevated over surface of vertex, as wide as diameter of the antennal sockets, supracallinal sulcus and midfrontal sulcus deeply impressed, supra-antennal sulcus barely indicated; antennal sockets adjoining anterior margin of eyes, interantennal space smaller than transverse diameter of eye; frontal ridge moderately raised in lateral view; anterofrontal ridge not separated from frontal ridge. Genal space very small, less than 1/4 the maximum ocular length. Antennae inserted approximately at midline of eyes, extending to middle of elytra; antennomere 2 and 3 short, subequal in length, antennomeres 2+3 together longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 3−10 elongate, similar in length, antennomere 11 apically acuminate. Clypeus with eight 46 · Zootaxa 2683 © 2010 Magnolia Press CABRERA & WALSH preapical setae. Labrum (Figs. 2−3) approximately rectangular, anterior margin with small mesal notch, a row of six long setae at mid length, three short fine setae close to notch apically, twelve short, thick sensilla on each side. Mandibles (Fig. 4) symmetrical, pyramidal, five-toothed apically, only teeth 3−5 visible on external face; tooth 3 and 4 narrow, acute, tooth 3 more than twice as long as 4; tooth 4 almost two times longer than 5, which is small, blunt at apex; inner margin of mandible with two very short denticles; mola longer than wide. Maxillae (Fig. 5) with cardo widened apically and with eight long setae; basistipes with five long setae situated on latero-external margin; galea and lacinia with a fringe-like pilosity apically, galea surpassing lacinia, subcylindrical, apically wider than base. Maxillary palpi well developed; palpomere 1 subrectangular; palpomere 2 and 3 subconical, the latter longer than 2; palpomere 4 subconical, with narrow base, patch of digitiform sensilla (Fig. 9) on the externo-basal corner, formed by twelve embedded sensilla, evident with higher resolution. Labium with four long setae between bases of palps. Labial palp three-segmented, with palpomere 1 subrectangular; palpomere 2 subcylindrical, more than 2.0 times as long as 1; palpomere 3 subconical with very narrow base. FIGURE 1. Diabrotica collicola Cabrera & Cabrera Walsh, male, dorsal habitus. Thorax. Pronotum slightly convex, shiny, evenly, finely punctate, rectangular, 1.18 times wider than long, widest near middle, PW 1.55−1.81mm, posterolateral foveae weakly impressed; anterior and posterior margins almost straight, posterolateral margins
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