DOCSLIB.ORG

I Islands National Park

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I Islands National Park I�J/D -l D.9 c/NtMwl. lr fPM Jr I Islands National Park I Islands National Sanctuary :F H68 ,S232 M67 1896 ' channel lslands National Pa ·rk and Channel lslands Nati onal Marine Sanctuary : Sub TITLE ff£8 1 5 2002 Cover illustration by Jerry Livingston. l�ATI'�Nfu:Ll?Mtl%�I&TISWTI©Z - . 11IlJBI�)Y �Eil'v"(el!"9<Cowffioo CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK and CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY a product of the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE'S SYSTEMWIDE ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY PROGRAM CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK and CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment Don P. Morris Archeologist Channel Islands National Park James Lima Troy State University Intermountain Cultural Resource Centers Professional Papers Number 56 Submerged Cultural Resources Unit Intermountain Field Area National Park Service Santa Fe, New Mexico 1996 Ill Subm er ged Cultural Resources Un it In term ountain Cultural Resource Cen ter s In termountain Field Ar ea National Park Service U.S . Departm ent of the In ter ior ¥ H�H .S232 M�7 199� IV Channel islands National Pa rk and Channel islands Nati onal Marine Sanctuary : Sub TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .............................................. xi LIST OF TABLES . XV FOREWORD . xvii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................ xtx I INTRODUCTION . 1 II OVERVIEW ..... ..... ...................... .............. 5 Geography . 6 Weather ............................................... 8 Surface Currents . 11 Navigation and Shipping Hazards .............................. 12 Anchorages: Problems and Shortcomings ......................... 13 III PREHISTORY THROUGH THE GOLD RUSH . 15 Euro-American Vessels Before the Gold Rush ...................... 17 Gold Rush . 19 Winfield Scott . 19 Ya nkee Blade . 24 IV WRECKED AND GROUNDED COMMERCIAL VESSELS .............. 27 Goldenhorn . 28 Crown of England . ...... ................... ............ 37 Anubis . ............................... ...... .... 41 Pectan ............................... ....... ......... 42 Aggi ................................................. 44 Liebre ... ............. ........... ..... ........ ... 50 . Cuba ................ ........ .... ....... ....... ... 52 . Beulah ......... .......... ............ ......... ..... 62 Aristocratis . ............................. ...... ..... ... 62 Patria ...... ........... ........ ...................... 63 . Chickasaw . 63 v V VESSELS OF THE LUMBER TRADE . 69 G W Prescott . 70 J M Colman . ........ ................................. .. 71 Dora Bluhm . 78 Comet .......... .......... ................. ... ....... 86 Wa tson A West . 93 Jane L Stanfo rd . 95 George E Billings . 105 VI SEALING IN THE NORTHERN CHANNEL ISLANDS ... ............. 107 Leader ......... .... ... ........ ...................... 109 N B ... ....... ... .................... .... ... ..... 110 Surprise . 111 Convoy ........ .......................... .......... 112 Isabella . 112 Pearl ... ................................... ......... 113 Kate and Anna . 113 Ella G ............... ................. ............... 114 VII VESSELS OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY .................. ....... 117 Chinese Junk . 120 Bell . 121 Sea Lion . 121 Natoma ..... ............ ............................. 122 Unity .......... ... ..... ..... ............ ... ..... .... 122 Eagle ............ .... ....... .........._ .... .... ..... 122 OK ................................................. 122 Lion . 123 Labor ....... ........... ......... ....... ............. 123 Maryland . 124 Blue Sea . 124 Adriatic . 124 Emperor ......... ...... .... ........ ........... ....... 125 Imperial . 126 Louise Ray . 126 Yukon ..... ..... ...... ........ ................ ... 127 Dante Alighieri . 127 II Emil . .......... ................ ....... ... ......... 129 Nancy Lee . 130 Balboa ......... .... .......................... ....... 130 Santa Clara . 130 Equator . 131 VI San Francisco . 133 Pan Pacific . 133 Milmar ... ............ ................... ............ 134 San Giuseppe . 134 Pacific . 136 Golden Gate . 136 Del Rio .............................................. 136 Cape Argo . 137 Ruth E ......... ............................ ........ 137 Gy psy Q ............................................. 138 Louise D . 138 Dorothy M . 138 Ruth K .............................................. 139 Vineth . .............................................. 139 Carol .............................................. 139 0 Josie Lena . 140 Georgia . 140 Dolphin IV . 140 Broadbill . 141 Cinnamon Bear . 141 Shoshoni . 142 Eileen D . 142 Wa rrior . 142 Mary . .................. .............. ......... ... 142 Rosemond R . ........................... ......... 143 Standard Nut . ·. 144 Sierra ............. ........................ .......... 144 Liberty . 144 Joan ................................................ 144 Frederick Q . 145 Glady I ........ ...................................... 145 Blazenka B . 146 Chelan ..... ... ......... .... .................. ..... 146 lana Dawn . 146 Sea Wanderer . 146 Patrick . 147 Summary . 14 7 VIII OTHER TRADES AND PURSUITS ............................. 149 San Buenaventura . 149 Undine ......................... ..................... 150 Fishhook . 151 Vll Liberty . 151 Clzappo . 153 Helene .... ......................... .......... ... 153 Magic .... .......................... ............... 154 Santa Rosa . 156 Dalvn ...... : . 156 Francine . 157 Shasta . 157 Sea Foam . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gates, Edward Harmon (1855–1940)
    Mrs. E.H. Gates, Mrs. J.I. Tay, E.H. Gates, J.I. Tay, and A.J. Cudney Photo courtesy of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Archives. Gates, Edward Harmon (1855–1940) MILTON HOOK Milton Hook, Ed.D. (Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, the United States). Hook retired in 1997 as a minister in the Greater Sydney Conference, Australia. An Australian by birth Hook has served the Church as a teacher at the elementary, academy and college levels, a missionary in Papua New Guinea, and as a local church pastor. In retirement he is a conjoint senior lecturer at Avondale College of Higher Education. He has authoredFlames Over Battle Creek, Avondale: Experiment on the Dora, Desmond Ford: Reformist Theologian, Gospel Revivalist, the Seventh-day Adventist Heritage Series, and many magazine articles. He is married to Noeleen and has two sons and three grandchildren. Edward H. Gates was a prominent leader in early Seventh-day Adventist mission work in the Pacific Islands and Southeast Asia. Early Life and Ministry Edward Harmon Gates was born on April 1, 1855, in the rural village of Munson, east of Cleveland, Ohio. He joined the Seventh-day Adventist church when he was approximately nineteen years of age as a result of reading various tracts and the Advent Review and Sabbath Herald. He began preaching in Ohio and was ordained in 1879. To improve his understanding of Scripture he attended Battle Creek College1 where he met Ida Ellen Sharpe.2 They married in Battle Creek on February 22, 1881, Uriah Smith conducting the service.3
    [Show full text]
  • Background the Capital, Suva, Is on the Southeastern Shore of Viti Levu
    Fiji Islands Photo courtesy of Barry Oliver. Fiji MILTON HOOK Milton Hook, Ed.D. (Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan, the United States). Hook retired in 1997 as a minister in the Greater Sydney Conference, Australia. An Australian by birth Hook has served the Church as a teacher at the elementary, academy and college levels, a missionary in Papua New Guinea, and as a local church pastor. In retirement he is a conjoint senior lecturer at Avondale College of Higher Education. He has authoredFlames Over Battle Creek, Avondale: Experiment on the Dora, Desmond Ford: Reformist Theologian, Gospel Revivalist, the Seventh-day Adventist Heritage Series, and many magazine articles. He is married to Noeleen and has two sons and three grandchildren. Fiji consists of approximately 330 islands in the mid-South Pacific Ocean, the largest being Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. Background The capital, Suva, is on the southeastern shore of Viti Levu. Fifty-four percent of the population are indigenous Fijians (Melanesians), and forty percent are descendants of Hindu Indian laborers originally brought in to work on the sugar cane plantations. There is a small percentage of people of Polynesian descent in the eastern islands.1 Among the early Europeans to enter Fijian waters were Abel Tasman (1643) and James Cook (1774). Methodist missionaries arrived in the nineteenth century and established a Christian base, having converted influential chiefs who, in turn led their clans to accept the faith together with many Western social mores. The country became a British crown colony in 1894 and gained its independence in 1970. Friction has developed between the indigenous Fijians and Indo- Fijians, the indigenous chiefs gaining the upper hand with sole land rights under a republican government since 1987.2 Arrival of Seventh-day Adventists The missionary ship “Pitcairn” reached Suva, Fiji, on August 3, 1891.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Boating and Boater Activities in the Channel Islands: a Spatial Analysis and Assessment
    CALIFORNIA MARINE RECREATION Catamaran at anchor, Coches Prietos anchorage Private Boating and Boater Activities in the Channel Islands: A spatial analysis and assessment FINAL REPORT Prepared for: The Resources Legacy Fund Foundation (RLFF) The National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) Prepared by: Chris LaFranchi1 Linwood Pendleton2 March 2008 1 Founder, NaturalEquity (www.naturalequity.org) Social Science Coordinator, Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS) Email: [email protected] 2 Senior Fellow and Director of Economic Research The Ocean Foundation, Dir. Coastal Ocean Values Center Adjunct Associate Professor, UCLA www.coastalvalues.org Email: [email protected] Acknowledgments Of the many individuals who contributed to this effort, we thank Bob Leeworthy, Ryan Vaughn, Miwa Tamanaha, Allison Chan, Erin Gaines, Erin Myers, Dennis Carlson, Alexandra Brown, the captain and crew of the research vessel Shearwater, volunteers from the Sanctuary’s Naturalist Corps, Susie Williams, Christy Loper, Peter Black, and the man boaters who volunteered their time during focus group meetings and survey pre-test efforts. 2 Contents Page 1. Summary……………………………. ……………………………….. 4 2. Introduction …………………………………………………………... 18 2.1. The Study ………………………….…………………………….. 18 2.2. Background ………………………….…………………………… 19 2.3. The Human Dimension of Marine Management ………………… 19 2.4. The Need for Baseline Data ……………………………………... 20 2.5. Policy and Management Context ………………………………... 21 2.6. Market and Non-Market Economics of Non-Consumptive Use … 22 3. Research Tasks and Methods ………………………………………… 25 3.1. Overall Approach ………………………………………………… 25 3.2. Use of Four Integrated Survey Instruments …………….……….. 26 3.3. Biophysical Attributes of the Marine Environment ……………… 30 4. Baseline Data Set ……………………………………………………. 32 4.1. Summary of Responses: Postcard Survey Of Private Boaters….. 32 4.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Yosemite Guide @Yosemitenps
    Yosemite Guide @YosemiteNPS Yosemite's rockclimbing community go to great lengths to clean hard-to-reach areas during a Yosemite Facelift event. Photo by Kaya Lindsey Experience Your America Yosemite National Park August 28, 2019 - October 1, 2019 Volume 44, Issue 7 Yosemite, CA 95389 Yosemite, 577 PO Box Service Park National US DepartmentInterior of the Yosemite Area Regional Transportation System Year-round Route: Valley Yosemite Valley Shuttle Valley Visitor Center Summer-only Route: Upper Hetch Yosemite Shuttle System El Capitan Hetchy Shuttle Fall Yosemite Tuolumne Village Campground Meadows Lower Yosemite Parking The Ansel Fall Adams Yosemite l Medical Church Bowl i Gallery ra Clinic Picnic Area Picnic Area Valley l T Area in inset: al F e E1 t 5 Restroom Yosemite Valley i 4 m 9 The Ahwahnee Shuttle System se Yo Mirror Upper 10 3 Walk-In 6 2 Lake Campground seasonal 11 1 Wawona Yosemite North Camp 4 8 Half Dome Valley Housekeeping Pines E2 Lower 8836 ft 7 Chapel Camp Yosemite Falls Parking Lodge Pines 2693 m Yosemite 18 19 Conservation 12 17 Heritage 20 14 Swinging Center (YCHC) Recreation Campground Bridge Rentals 13 15 Reservations Yosemite Village Parking Curry Upper Sentinel Village Pines Beach il Trailhead E6 a Curry Village Parking r r T te Parking e n il i w M in r u d 16 o e Nature Center El Capitan F s lo c at Happy Isles Picnic Area Glacier Point E3 no shuttle service closed in winter Vernal 72I4 ft Fall 2I99 m l Mist Trai Cathedral ail Tr op h Beach Lo or M E4 ey ses erce all only d Ri V ver E5 Nevada Fall To & Bridalveil Fall d oa R B a r n id wo a a lv W e i The Yosemite Valley Shuttle operates from 7am to 10pm and serves stops in numerical order.
    [Show full text]
  • San Miguel Island Trail Guide Timhaufphotography.Com Exploring San Miguel Island
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Channel Islands National Park San Miguel Island Trail Guide timhaufphotography.com Exploring San Miguel Island Welcome to San Miguel Island, one of private boaters to contact the park to five islands in Channel Islands National ensure the island is open before coming Park. This is your island. It is also your ashore. responsibility. Please take a moment to read this bulletin and learn what you Many parts of San Miguel are closed can do to take care of San Miguel. This to protect wildlife, fragile plants, and information and the map on pages three geological features. Several areas, and four will show you what you can see however, are open for you to explore on and do here on San Miguel. your own. Others are open to you only when accompanied by a park ranger. About the Island San Miguel is the home of pristine On your own you may explore the tidepools, rare plants, and the strange Cuyler Harbor beach, Nidever Canyon, caliche forest. Four species of seals and Cabrillo monument, and the Lester ranch sea lions come here to breed and give site. Visitors are required to stay on the birth. For 10,000 years the island was designated island trail system. No off- home to the seagoing Chumash people. trail hiking is permitted. The island was Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo set foot here a bombing range and there are possible in 1542 as the first European to explore unexploded ordnance. In addition, the California coast. For 100 years the visitors must be accompanied by a ranger island was a sheep ranch and after that beyond the ranger station.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Status Assessments and Restoration Recommendations For
    Reproductive Status Assessments and Restoration Recommendations for Ashy Storm-Petrels, Scripps’s Murrelets, and Cassin’s Auklets breeding on Anacapa Island, Channel Islands National Park Chapter 1: Ashy Storm-Petrel, Scripps’s Murrelet, and Cassin’s Auklet reproductive status assessments and restoration recommendations in 2011-2012 A. Laurie Harvey1,2, David M. Mazurkiewicz2, Matthew McKown3, Kevin W. Barnes2,4, Mike W. Parker1, and Sue J. Kim1 Chapter 2: Passive acoustic surveys for Ashy Storm-Petrel vocal activity on Anacapa Island in 2011 and 2012 Matthew McKown3, Bernie Tershy3, Don Croll3 1Current address: California Institute of Environmental Studies 3408 Whaler Avenue Davis, CA 95616 [email protected] 2Channel Islands National Park 1901 Spinnaker Drive Ventura, CA 93001 3Conservation Metrics, Inc. 100 Shaffer Rd. Santa Cruz, CA 95060 4Current address: Ball State University 2000 West University Avenue Muncie, IN 47306 Final Report 1 November 2013 Suggested Citations: Chapter 1: Harvey, A. L., D.M. Mazurkiewicz, M. McKown, K.W. Barnes, M.W. Parker, and S.J. Kim. 2013. Ashy Storm-Petrel, Scripps’s Murrelet, and Cassin’s Auklet reproductive status assessments and restoration recommendations in 2011-2012. Unpublished report, California Institute of Environmental Studies. 55 pages. Chapter 2: McKown, M.W., B. Tershy, and D. Croll. 2013. Passive acoustic surveys for Ashy Storm-Petrel vocal activity on Anacapa Island in 2011 and 2012. Unpublished report, Conservation Metrics Inc. 14 pages. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • We conducted a two year study at Anacapa Island to assess current breeding distribution of Ashy-Storm Petrels (Oceanodroma homochroa; ASSP), Cassin’s Auklets (Ptychoramphus aleuticus; CAAU), and Scripps’s Murrelets (Synthliboramphus scrippsi; SCMU).
    [Show full text]
  • Tribal Marine Protected Areas: Protecting Maritime Ways And
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The White Paper entitled Tribal Marine Protected Areas: Protecting Maritime Ways and Practice published by the Wishtoyo Foundation (Ventura County, Santa Barbara) in 2004 describes the ecological and cultural significance of south-central California’s marine environment as a suitable area to establish new marine protected areas or MPAs. Tribal MPAs can be one tool for tribal people to co-manage and protect important submerged Chumash cultural sites and coastal marine ecosystems. The Chumash people lived in villages along the south-central California coast from the present day sites of Malibu to Morro Bay and extended to the northern Channel Islands. The Chumash reference for the northern Channel Islands are Tuqan (San Miguel), Wi’ma (Santa Rosa), Limuw (Santa Cruz) and Anyapax (Anacapa). Limuw means “in the sea is the meaning of the language spoken” while Chumash villages were named after the sea, such as Mikiw or “the place of mussels”. Evidence of Chumash village sites and tomol routes show an intimate relationship with the culture, sea and northern Channel Islands. The map below shows the villages and tomol routes within the greater Chumash bioregion. The varied maritime culture was diverse and depended on the rich array of animals and plants. Many animals, such as the swordfish, played a central role in Chumash maritime song, ceremony, ritual and dance. The Chumash people were heavily dependent on a healthy marine environment; the marine component of the Chumash diet consisted of over 150 types of marine fishes as well as a variety of shellfish including crabs, lobsters, mussels, abalone, clams, oysters, chitons, and other gastropods.
    [Show full text]
  • 11. Soils and Geology March 5, 2003 Page 11-1
    Marina Shores Village Project Draft EIR City of Redwood City 11. Soils and Geology March 5, 2003 Page 11-1 11. SOILS AND GEOLOGY This EIR chapter describes existing geologic and soil conditions at the project site and immediate vicinity, identifies associated potential geotechnical impacts related to development of the proposed project, and sets forth measures designed to mitigate identified significant adverse impacts. Data sources used to complete these descriptions include a preliminary geotechnical investigation of the Marina Shores Village project site performed for the applicant by Treadwell & Rollo, Environmental and Geotechnical Consultants, dated June 21, 2001; the assessment of project hydrologic implications completed for this EIR by Clearwater Hydrology (see chapter 9); a wetlands investigation and a biological assessment performed for the applicant by the Huffman-Broadway Group, both dated February 2002; published reference materials produced by the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); environmental documents prepared for previous development projects on the site (e.g., the Peninsula Marina and Office Park) and in the immediate vicinity (e.g., the "Villas at Bair Island" and the Bair Island Marina); and the Redwood City Strategic General Plan. The Treadwell & Rollo preliminary geotechnical investigation, much of which is presented in this EIR chapter, describes the limitations and preliminary nature of its conclusions by stating, "The conclusions presented in this report are preliminary and intended to address general geotechnical conditions of the site. The report has not been prepared to meet the need of design professionals, contractors, or any other parties in preparation of final design or construction documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Student Handbook
    Student Handbook Data File Architecture ......................................................................644 Earth Science ....................................................................646 Economics ........................................................................648 Health & Fitness ..............................................................650 Sports ................................................................................652 Prerequisite Skills ..............................................................654 Extra Practice ......................................................................662 Preparing for Standardized Tests ....................................709 Technology Reference Guide ............................................725 English-Spanish Glossary ..................................................729 Selected Answers................................................................752 Photo Credits........................................................................782 Index ......................................................................................783 643 Data File Architecture Types of Structural Supports (Trusses) Used in Architecture Bridges of the World King-Post Queen-Post apex Bridge Height (feet) Data File Firth of Forth Bridge, Scotland 148 Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, New York 213 Sydney Harbor Bridge, Australia 171 Scissors Tunkhannock Viaduct, Pennsylvania 240 Garabit Viaduct, France 480 Brooklyn Bridge, New York 135 Fink Fan-Fink Sydney Harbor Bridge Notable Tall Buildings
    [Show full text]
  • MBB MG University 07:MBB MG University 06 8.5.Qxd.Qxd
    University 2006 NCAA TOURNAMENT 2006 MOUNTAIN WEST CHAMPIONS Founded in 1897, SDSU is the fifth largest university in California. Inside: San Diego State University 190 Dr. Stephen Weber 194 Jeff Schemmel 195 Athletic Department Staff 196 Media Information 200 Opponent Directory 202 Media Outlets 204 Broadcast Media 205 Cox Arena at Aztec Bowl 206 Athletics Directory 208 2006-07 SAN DIEGO STATE BASKETBALL 189 San Diego State2006 NCAAUniversity TOURNAMENT 2006 MOUNTAIN WEST CHAMPIONS ounded March 13, 1897, San Diego State University began as the San FDiego Normal School, a training facil- ity for elementary school teachers. Seven UNIVERSITY faculty and 91 students met in temporary quarters over a downtown drugstore before moving to a newly constructed 17-acre cam- pus on Park Boulevard. The curriculum was limited at first to English, history and mathematics, but course offerings broadened rapidly under the leadership of Samuel T. Black, who left his position as state superintendent of pub- lic instruction to become the new school's first president. Black served from 1898 to 1910. From 1910 to 1935, President Edward L. Hardy headed a vigorous administration that oversaw major changes to the fledgling institution. In 1921, the Normal School became San Diego State Teachers College, a four-year public institution controlled by the state Board of Education. In that same year, the two-year San Diego Junior College, forerunner of today's local community col- leges, became a branch of San Diego State, creating a union that lasted until 1946. By the 1920s, San Diego State was already beginning to outgrow its Park Boulevard location, and San Diegans launched a cam- paign to build a new campus on the city's AZTEC BASKETBALL MEDIA GUIDEUNIVERSITY STATE DIEGO SAN eastern border.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Views Volume 3, 2005 — 2006
    National Park Service Park News U.S. Department of the Interior The official newspaper of Channel Islands National Park Island Views Volume 3, 2005 — 2006 Tim Hauf, www.timhaufphotography.com Foxes Returned to the Wild Full Circle In OctobeR anD nOvembeR 2004, The and November 2004, an additional 13 island Chumash Cross Channel in Tomol to Santa Cruz Island National Park Service (NPS) released 23 foxes on Santa Rosa and 10 on San Miguel By Roberta R. Cordero endangered island foxes to the wild from were released to the wild. The foxes will be Member and co-founder of the Chumash Maritime Association their captive rearing facilities on Santa Rosa returned to captivity if three of the 10 on The COastal portion OF OuR InDIg- and San Miguel Islands. Channel Islands San Miguel or five of the 13 foxes on Santa enous homeland stretches from Morro National Park Superintendent Russell Gal- Rosa are killed or injured by golden eagles. Bay in the north to Malibu Point in the ipeau said, “Our primary goal is to restore Releases from captivity on Santa Cruz south, and encompasses the northern natural populations of island fox. Releasing Island will not occur this year since these Channel Islands of Tuqan, Wi’ma, Limuw, foxes to the wild will increase their long- foxes are thought to be at greater risk be- and ‘Anyapakh (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, term chances for survival.” cause they are in close proximity to golden Santa Cruz, and Anacapa). This great, For the past five years the NPS has been eagle territories.
    [Show full text]
  • MBB MG University 04 Final.Qxd
    University 154 San Diego State 158 Dr. Stephen Weber, President 159 Mike Bohn, Athletics Director 160 Media Information 162 Opponent Directory 164 Media Outlets 165 Broadcast Information 166 Cox Arena 168 SDSU Athletic Directory 154 The University SAN DIEGO STATE BASKETBALL ounded March 13, 1897, San Diego State University began Fas the San Diego Normal School, a training facility for elemen- tary school teachers. Seven faculty and 91 students met in temporary quarters over a downtown drug store before moving to a newly constructed 17-acre campus on Park Boulevard. The curriculum was limited at first to English, history and mathematics, but course offerings broadened rapid- ly under the leadership of Samuel T. Black, who left his position as state From 1910 to 1935, President Edward L. Hardy head- union that lasted until 1946. ed a vigorous administration that oversaw major By the 1920s, San Diego State was already beginning superintendent of public instruction changes to the fledgling institution. In 1921, the Normal to outgrow its Park Boulevard location, and San Diegans School became San Diego State Teachers College, a four- launched a campaign to build a new campus on the city's year public institution controlled by the state Board of eastern border. In February 1931, students, faculty and to become the school's first president. Education. In that same year, the two-year San Diego staff moved into seven Mission-style buildings sur- Junior College, forerunner of today's local community rounding a common area still known as the Main Quad. Black served from 1898 to 1910. colleges, became a branch of San Diego State, creating a Four years later, the Legislature authorized expansion of degree programs beyond teacher education, and San Diego State Teachers College became San Diego State College.
    [Show full text]