I�J/D -l D.9 c/NtMwl. lr fPM Jr I Islands National Park I Islands National Sanctuary :F H68 ,S232 M67 1896 ' channel lslands National Pa ·rk and Channel lslands Nati onal Marine Sanctuary : Sub TITLE ff£8 1 5 2002 Cover illustration by Jerry Livingston. l�ATI'�Nfu:Ll?Mtl%�I&TISWTI©Z - . 11IlJBI�)Y �Eil'v"(el!"9<Cowffioo CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK and CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY a product of the NATIONAL PARK SERVICE'S SYSTEMWIDE ARCHEOLOGICAL INVENTORY PROGRAM CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK and CHANNEL ISLANDS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment Don P. Morris Archeologist Channel Islands National Park James Lima Troy State University Intermountain Cultural Resource Centers Professional Papers Number 56 Submerged Cultural Resources Unit Intermountain Field Area National Park Service Santa Fe, New Mexico 1996 Ill Subm er ged Cultural Resources Un it In term ountain Cultural Resource Cen ter s In termountain Field Ar ea National Park Service U.S . Departm ent of the In ter ior ¥ H�H .S232 M�7 199� IV Channel islands National Pa rk and Channel islands Nati onal Marine Sanctuary : Sub TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .............................................. xi LIST OF TABLES . XV FOREWORD . xvii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................ xtx I INTRODUCTION . 1 II OVERVIEW ..... ..... ...................... .............. 5 Geography . 6 Weather ............................................... 8 Surface Currents . 11 Navigation and Shipping Hazards .............................. 12 Anchorages: Problems and Shortcomings ......................... 13 III PREHISTORY THROUGH THE GOLD RUSH . 15 Euro-American Vessels Before the Gold Rush ...................... 17 Gold Rush . 19 Winfield Scott . 19 Ya nkee Blade . 24 IV WRECKED AND GROUNDED COMMERCIAL VESSELS .............. 27 Goldenhorn . 28 Crown of England . ...... ................... ............ 37 Anubis . ............................... ...... .... 41 Pectan ............................... ....... ......... 42 Aggi ................................................. 44 Liebre ... ............. ........... ..... ........ ... 50 . Cuba ................ ........ .... ....... ....... ... 52 . Beulah ......... .......... ............ ......... ..... 62 Aristocratis . ............................. ...... ..... ... 62 Patria ...... ........... ........ ...................... 63 . Chickasaw . 63 v V VESSELS OF THE LUMBER TRADE . 69 G W Prescott . 70 J M Colman . ........ ................................. .. 71 Dora Bluhm . 78 Comet .......... .......... ................. ... ....... 86 Wa tson A West . 93 Jane L Stanfo rd . 95 George E Billings . 105 VI SEALING IN THE NORTHERN CHANNEL ISLANDS ... ............. 107 Leader ......... .... ... ........ ...................... 109 N B ... ....... ... .................... .... ... ..... 110 Surprise . 111 Convoy ........ .......................... .......... 112 Isabella . 112 Pearl ... ................................... ......... 113 Kate and Anna . 113 Ella G ............... ................. ............... 114 VII VESSELS OF THE FISHING INDUSTRY .................. ....... 117 Chinese Junk . 120 Bell . 121 Sea Lion . 121 Natoma ..... ............ ............................. 122 Unity .......... ... ..... ..... ............ ... ..... .... 122 Eagle ............ .... ....... .........._ .... .... ..... 122 OK ................................................. 122 Lion . 123 Labor ....... ........... ......... ....... ............. 123 Maryland . 124 Blue Sea . 124 Adriatic . 124 Emperor ......... ...... .... ........ ........... ....... 125 Imperial . 126 Louise Ray . 126 Yukon ..... ..... ...... ........ ................ ... 127 Dante Alighieri . 127 II Emil . .......... ................ ....... ... ......... 129 Nancy Lee . 130 Balboa ......... .... .......................... ....... 130 Santa Clara . 130 Equator . 131 VI San Francisco . 133 Pan Pacific . 133 Milmar ... ............ ................... ............ 134 San Giuseppe . 134 Pacific . 136 Golden Gate . 136 Del Rio .............................................. 136 Cape Argo . 137 Ruth E ......... ............................ ........ 137 Gy psy Q ............................................. 138 Louise D . 138 Dorothy M . 138 Ruth K .............................................. 139 Vineth . .............................................. 139 Carol .............................................. 139 0 Josie Lena . 140 Georgia . 140 Dolphin IV . 140 Broadbill . 141 Cinnamon Bear . 141 Shoshoni . 142 Eileen D . 142 Wa rrior . 142 Mary . .................. .............. ......... ... 142 Rosemond R . ........................... ......... 143 Standard Nut . ·. 144 Sierra ............. ........................ .......... 144 Liberty . 144 Joan ................................................ 144 Frederick Q . 145 Glady I ........ ...................................... 145 Blazenka B . 146 Chelan ..... ... ......... .... .................. ..... 146 lana Dawn . 146 Sea Wanderer . 146 Patrick . 147 Summary . 14 7 VIII OTHER TRADES AND PURSUITS ............................. 149 San Buenaventura . 149 Undine ......................... ..................... 150 Fishhook . 151 Vll Liberty . 151 Clzappo . 153 Helene .... ......................... .......... ... 153 Magic .... .......................... ............... 154 Santa Rosa . 156 Dalvn ...... : . 156 Francine . 157 Shasta . 157 Sea Foam . ..