Chapter 2: Operations and Environment
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EMD Oil Shale Committee
EMD Oil Shale Committee 2017 EMD Oil Shale Committee Report Justin E. Birdwell (Chair), U.S. Geological Survey November 29, 2017 Vice-Chairs: • Gerald Daub (Vice-Chair: Industry), Daub & Associates, Inc. • Dr. Lauren Birgenheier (Vice-Chair: University), University of Utah • Michael D. Vanden Berg (Vice-Chair: Government), Utah Geological Survey Advisory Group: • Dr. Alan K. Burnham, Stanford University • Dr. Jeremy Boak, Oklahoma Geological Survey, University of Oklahoma • Mr. Ronald C. Johnson, U.S. Geological Survey Special Consultants to the Committee: • John Parsons, QER Pty Ltd • Gary Aho, Sage Geotech • Indrek Aarna, Eesti Energia • Rikki Hrenko-Browning, Enefit American Oil • Ryan Clerico, Enefit American Oil • Alex Bocock, Red Leaf Resources • Christopher Hopkins, Canshale Corp. • Steven Kerr, Millcreek Mining Group • Steven Odut, Thyssenkrupp • Pierre Allix, Total S.A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Low oil prices continue to hamper oil shale development around the world. Although new production capacity in Estonia and China has come online recently, efforts in other places are on indefinite hiatus or are well behind schedule relative to what was anticipated just a few years ago. The current status remains in flux, and recent developments in conventional and unconventional crude oil plays in the United States and elsewhere indicate this will not change anytime soon. Oil shale continues to be mined processed in China and Brazil, but production updates for 2016 were not available as of the preparation of this report. In Estonia, Eesti Energia (Enefit) continued development of their co-generation Auvere power plant that is designed to utilize both oil shale and other fuel sources (wood chips, peat, gas). -
HISTORY of WESTERN OIL SHALE HISTORY of WESTERN OIL SHALE
/ _... i';C4 - SHELF , Historyof Western Oil Shale Paul L. Russell . " The Center for Professional Advancement Paul Russell received his degree from the University of Arizona. After working for Industry for five years, he began his involvement with oil shale in 1948 when he joined the U.S. Bureau of Mines and was assigned to Rifle, Colorado, to work at Anvil Points. During the middle fifties, he was assigned to the Atomic Energy Com mission to study the extraction of ura nium from the Chattanooga Shales in Tennessee. He became Research Director of the U.S. Bureau ofMines in 1967 and served in this capacity until he retired in 1979. During these years his involvement with oil shale intensified. Currently, he is an engineering consultant. ISBN: 0-86563-000-3 ,._-------_._.. V.D.ALLRED 6016 SOUTH BANNOCK LI7TLETON. COLO. 80120 ....~ ...........~..... This compelling history spans 65 years of western oil shale development from its begin ning to the present day. These were the years in which most of the present-day retorting pro cesses were invented and devel oped,leading to present studies of in-situ retorting, and to the resumption of leasing of fed eral oil shale lands. The many excellent illustra tions and contemporary photo graphs in themselves provide a pictorial record of an era when the United States was "wild over oil"-an era when Gov ernment estimates of billions of barrels of oil in western oil shales were used to advan tage for questionable-if not fraudulent-stock promotions designed to raise capital for development, or to fatten the promoters' pockets. -
Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development
5th Edition Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development Prepared by INTEK, Inc. For the U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Petroleum Reserves Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Fifth Edition: September 2011 Note to Readers Regarding the Revised Edition (September 2011) This report was originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy in June 2007. The report and its contents have since been revised and updated to reflect changes and progress that have occurred in the domestic oil shale and tar sands industries since the first release and to include profiles of additional companies engaged in oil shale and tar sands resource and technology development. Each of the companies profiled in the original report has been extended the opportunity to update its profile to reflect progress, current activities and future plans. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (DOE/NPOSR) as a part of the AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC (AOC- PSS) Contract Number DE-FE0000175 (Task 30). Mr. Khosrow Biglarbigi of INTEK, Inc. served as the Project Manager. AOC-PSS and INTEK, Inc. wish to acknowledge the efforts of representatives of the companies that provided information, drafted revised or reviewed company profiles, or addressed technical issues associated with their companies, technologies, and project efforts. Special recognition is also due to those who directly performed the work on this report. Mr. Peter M. Crawford, Director at INTEK, Inc., served as the principal author of the report. -
The American Energy Initiative, Part 17: a Focus on the Future of Energy Tech- Nology with an Emphasis on Canadian Oil Sands
THE AMERICAN ENERGY INITIATIVE, PART 17: A FOCUS ON THE FUTURE OF ENERGY TECH- NOLOGY WITH AN EMPHASIS ON CANADIAN OIL SANDS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND POWER OF THE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION MARCH 20, 2012 Serial No. 112–128 ( Printed for the use of the Committee on Energy and Commerce energycommerce.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 77–480 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:55 Jan 23, 2013 Jkt 037690 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 F:\114313~1\112-12~1 WAYNE COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE FRED UPTON, Michigan Chairman JOE BARTON, Texas HENRY A. WAXMAN, California Chairman Emeritus Ranking Member CLIFF STEARNS, Florida JOHN D. DINGELL, Michigan ED WHITFIELD, Kentucky Chairman Emeritus JOHN SHIMKUS, Illinois EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts JOSEPH R. PITTS, Pennsylvania EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York MARY BONO MACK, California FRANK PALLONE, JR., New Jersey GREG WALDEN, Oregon BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois LEE TERRY, Nebraska ANNA G. ESHOO, California MIKE ROGERS, Michigan ELIOT L. ENGEL, New York SUE WILKINS MYRICK, North Carolina GENE GREEN, Texas Vice Chairman DIANA DEGETTE, Colorado JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma LOIS CAPPS, California TIM MURPHY, Pennsylvania MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas JANICE D. SCHAKOWSKY, Illinois MARSHA BLACKBURN, Tennessee CHARLES A. GONZALEZ, Texas BRIAN P. -
A Preliminary Investigation of the Feasibility of Spent Oil Shale As Road Construction Material
A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF SPENT OIL SHALE AS ROAD CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Gerald J. Gromko, University of Colorado at Denver The use of spent oil shale material as aggregate for flexible pavement con struction was investigated, and its suitability for use both in base courses and in bituminous surface courses is discussed. To assess the aggregate and asphalt-aggregate characteristics of spent shale the following tests were performed: the Los Angeles abrasion test, the dry sieve analysis, the specific gravity test, the Atterberg limits test, and the Hveem method of mix design. The results of the testing showed that the spent shale aggregate was well-graded, flat, angular, highly absorbent, friable, and nonplastic, has a rough surface texture, and wears relatively easily. The aggregate mixes tested by the Hveem stabilometer yielded high strength values and were relatively lightweight. The asphalt-spent shale mixtures studied showed very high total resistance (combination of stability and cohesiometer values) values, i.e., more than adequate load-carrying capability. How ever, the asphalt contents necessary for these very high strengths were also high. Based on the results of the tests performed, it seems apparent that this particular type of spent shale material might perform very well in flexible pavement structures. Although the material showed more than ade quate strength and stability, it may not stand up as well to the abrasive action of traffic on high-capacity roads and may be expensive because of the seemingly large amountofasphalt needed. However, this mixture might perform very well as a surface course layer for lower capacity roads (e.g., secondary roads). -
Oil Shale Development in the United States: Prospects and Policy Issues
INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY organization providing objective analysis and POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND Support RAND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Oil Shale Development in the United States Prospects and Policy Issues James T. Bartis, Tom LaTourrette, Lloyd Dixon, D.J. Peterson, Gary Cecchine Prepared for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy The research described in this report was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a division of the RAND Corporation, for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. -
Annual Report 2018
Annual report 2018 We contribute to making the world a cleaner place 1 Large-scale energy production 35 Cash flows 94 Contents Network services 42 Investment 97 Development projects 46 Financing 100 Eesti Energia at a glance 3 We protect the environment 49 Outlook for 2019 104 80 years of innovative Eesti Energia 7 Our people 55 Chairman’s letter 11 We give back to society 59 Eesti Energia Highlights of 2018 15 Tax footprint 64 consolidated Operating environment 17 Corporate governance 67 financial Strategy 24 Risk management 79 statements 106 Customer services Financial results 27 83 Income statement 108 Statement of comprehensive income 109 Statement of financial position 110 Statement of cash flows 111 Renewable energy Statement of changes in equity 112 Notes to the financial statements 113 31 Revenue and EBITDA 84 Electricity 85 Independent auditor’s report 195 Distribution service 88 Profit allocation proposal 203 Shale oil 90 Glossary 205 Other products and services 92 Investor information 206 Eesti Energia 106 million euros: at a glance NET PROFIT for 2018 2.5 billion euros: INVESTMENTS 4 in the last BUSINESS LINES: 10 years customer services, renewable energy, large-scale energy production, network services 875 Established million euros: REVENUE in 1939 for 2018 5,763 6 employees* HOME MARKETS: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Finland, Sweden 3 100% owner: REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA * number of employees at 31 December 2018. 8 5 6 7 2 3 9 1 4 4 BUSINESS LINES LARGE-SCALE ENERGY PRODUCTION: 1. Oil shale mines I 2. Thermal power plants I 3. Oil plants NETWORK SERVICES: 8. -
Evaluation of New Applications of Oil Shale Ashes in Building Materials
minerals Article Evaluation of New Applications of Oil Shale Ashes in Building Materials Mustafa Cem Usta 1,*, Can Rüstü Yörük 1, Tiina Hain 2, Peeter Paaver 3, Ruben Snellings 4, Eduard Rozov 5, Andre Gregor 1, Rein Kuusik 1, Andres Trikkel 1 and Mai Uibu 1 1 Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] (C.R.Y.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (R.K.); [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (M.U.) 2 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] 3 Department of Geology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; [email protected] 4 Sustainable Materials, VITO, 2400 Mol, Belgium; [email protected] 5 Wienerberger, 43401 Aseri, Lääne-Virumaa, Estonia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 July 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 29 August 2020 Abstract: Achieving sustainable zero-waste and carbon neutral solutions that contribute to a circular economy is critically important for the long-term prosperity and continuity of traditional carbon-based energy industries. The Estonian oil shale (OS) sector is an example where such solutions are more than welcome. The combustion of OS generates a continuous flow of ashes destined to landfills. In this study, the technical feasibility of producing monolith building materials incorporating different OS ashes from Estonia was evaluated. Three binder systems were studied: self-cementation of the ashes, ceramic sintering in clay brick production and accelerated carbonation of OS ash (OSA) compacts. -
Shale Country V. July, 1975
Mule deer stroll through shale country. SHALE COUNTRY is provided as a public service by the leaders of the oil-shale industry. Published monthly as a source of information for those interested in industry developments, SHALE COUNTRY is made available to shale-area residents without charge through various community outlets. However, should a reader wish to receive SHALE COUNTRY each month for 12 months through the mail, please send your request to Mountain Empire Publishing, Inc., 231 Detroit St., Denver, Colo. 80206, along with a check for $4.00 to cover costs of postage and handling. SHaLe counTRY Volume 1, Number 7 July 1975 CONTENTS 2 Guest Editorial The Many-Options Dilemma 3 Looking Ahead Examining Shale Country's Health-Care Facil ities-Utah 4 A Look At Utah: From Sego lilies to Shale 7 Situation Report U.S.A. Oil Shale: Asset or liability? 9 Potpourri Shale-country interests are expressed by readers (p. 20), and Utah's Shale-Down Under Gov. Rampton (p. 18-19), while SHALE COUNTRY takes a look at Utah 10 Community Profile (p. 4-£), and shale development assets and liabilities (p. 7-8). Rangely: Still Swimming in Oil 12 Guest Column Air Quality and Meteorology in the Prototype Oil-Shale Program 14 Environment Putting Wildlife on the Map 15 Real Estate Corner A Room at the Top (of Shale Country) 16 Newcomers Johnny Van: Colorado's Henry K? 17 Vignette Burman Lorenson: Coordinating over Coffee 18 Voice of the People Utah's Gov. Rampton: 'Door still open to shale development' 20 Readers Speak Out Edward S. -
Strategic Significance of America's Oil Shale Resource
Strategic Significance of America’s Oil Shale Resource Volume I Assessment of Strategic Issues Office of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Petroleum Reserves Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves U.S. Department of Energy Washington, D.C. March 2004 Strategic Significance of America’s Oil Shale Resource Volume I Assessment of Strategic Issues March 2004 Final Report Prepared for: Office of Deputy Assistant Secretary for Petroleum Reserves Office of Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. Work Performed Under: Contract DE-AC01-03FE67758 Task Order 6 Prepared by: AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC Washington, D.C. Principal Authors: Harry R. Johnson, INTEK, Inc. Peter M. Crawford, INTEK, Inc. James W. Bunger, JWBA, Inc. Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any or their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process or service by trade name, trade- mark, manufacture, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, rec- ommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of -
0208 Committee on Oil Shale, Coal, and Related Minerals
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Colorado Legislative Council Research All Publications Publications 12-1974 0208 Committee on Oil Shale, Coal, and Related Minerals Colorado Legislative Council Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/colc_all Recommended Citation Colorado Legislative Council, "0208 Committee on Oil Shale, Coal, and Related Minerals" (1974). All Publications. 216. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/colc_all/216 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Colorado Legislative Council Research Publications at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. Report to the Governor and the Colorado General Assembly: COMMITTEE ON OIL SHALE, COAL, AND RELATED MINERALS L~glslrtlvrCouncil Research Publication No. 208 Docembet, 1874 CO/OPOI4l Ao. Genee'c<-T / Assem+/y, COMMITTEE ON OIL SHALE, C&L, AND RELATED MINERALS Report To The Governor and General Assembly Colorado Legislative Council Research Publication No. 208 December, 1974 COLORADO GENERAL ASSEMBLY OFFICERS MEMBERS SEN. FRED E. ANDERSON SEN. JOSEPH V. CALABRESE (:trnirr~rrrrr SEN. VINCENT MAlSARl REP. CLARENCE QUINLAN VII:~Chorrrnen SEN. RICHARD H. PLOCK JR. SEN. JOSEPH 8. SCHlEFFELlN STAFF LYLE C. KYLE SEN. RUTH S. STOCKTON 01ru~tur SEN. TED L. STRICKLAND DAVID F. MORRISSEY REP. JOHN D. FUHR A ;*I :111nt 0,rurtor LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL STANLEY ELOFSON ROOM 46 STATE CAPITOL REP. CARL H. OUSTAFSON Prrnr ,pol Annlyst DENVER, COLORADO 80203 REP. HIRAM A. McNElL DAVID HlTE 892-2285 REP. PHILLIP MASSARI Prrrr( rpal Analyst AREA CODE 303 RICHARD LEVENGOOO REP. -
Oil Shale - an Alternative Energy Resource?
OIL AND GAS RESOURCES Oil Shale - an alternative energy resource? Shale oil represents a vast resource of energy.The cost of extracting the oil and the environmental consequences,however,seem to inhibit economic exploitation in the near future. The cliffs containing the oil shales of the Piceance Creek Basin and the Roan Plateau in western U.S.A. with the Colorado River in the foreground. 26 GEO ExPro November 2004 Photo: Ola M. Sæther GEO ExPro November 2004 27 OIL AND GAS RESOURCES well at Titusville, Pennsylvania. Large scale mineral since 1920, but no oil shale leases Ola M. Sæther, Geological Survey of Norway mining continued in Scotland during a were issued during the period 1925-1974. 100-year period, until 1962. The annual The oil embargo in 1973 made it possible il shale has been used since ancient production varied between 1 and 4 million for the Federal Government to attract times. Like coal, it can be used directly tonnes of oil shale (rock volume), equiva- acceptable bids for two tracts of land in Oas a fuel. lent to only a few thousand barrels of oil Colorado and Utah in the 1970’s. Both The role of oil shale in the production of per day. open pit and underground mining were energy is unknown to most people becau- Production from oil shale considered. Deve- se its contribution to today’s world energy deposits in south-eastern Aus- lopment of large- budget is minimal compared to both tralia began in the 1860’s, scale mining facili- petroleum and coal. However, declining coming to an end in the early ties was attempted petroleum supplies may add to speculati- 1950’s when government fun- and experimental ons whether oil shale represents an impor- ding ceased.