3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

()

(http://indiafacts.org/)

The Politics of British Orienta SHARES(#) http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/Evangelism and the Aryan Dr1/13a 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts Evangelism and the Aryan-Dra Dichotomy

That we Indians still hold on to idea of there have been an ‘Aryan invasion’ of our country is an indicat are minds are colonized. Removing this theory (garbed as fact) from our school textbooks can be a purp them. 277

Saumya Dey(http://indiafacts.org/author/saumya-dey/) Identity (Distortion & Appropriation)(http://indiafacts.org/category/all/identity-distortion

Knowledge is Political

ny knowledge that does not strictly fall within the boundaries of the physical sciences can be, an this I chiey mean two things. Firstly, its character is determined by the ideological biases, inter produce it. And secondly, that it might be consciously deployed to induce people to think in certa A agendas. Take, for instance, the discipline of economics. Its major strains – Marxist and liberal – the ideological biases of groups of economists and are used to promote the socialist or the free-market age discipline is history. Barring political-science itself, it is perhaps the most political of all the social science political bias of the history departments of our major universities (Jawaharlal Nehru University, University destruction in medieval are either glossed over or barely mentioned by our professional historians. T pre-colonial Muslim dynasties from all infamy and promote the empirically untenable narrative of a gener Indian Islam. Our professional historians do this since the left-of-center political parties of our country pr to endear themselves to their Muslim constituencies. Sometimes, even a physical science such as biology c manipulation and distortion, as it happened in Hitler’s Germany. In the Nazi determined school curriculum subject. It was an instrument of inculcating the idea of German racial superiority in the children of the Th

In this article I seek to discuss the politics of the British protagonists of a now forgotten, but once very in called ‘Orientalism’. To be more particular, I will seek to uncover and analyze a crucial bias that the British and the agendas that it eventually made them pursue. But before I do this, let us try to make some proper Understanding ‘Orientalism’

From the eighteenth century till the end of WWII, there existed, to borrow a phrase employed by the histo global “Anglo-French imperial formation”.[1](#_edn1) In other words, England and France were the preemin This happened as, along with Africa, they carved up large swathes of Asia as their colonial possessions, ‘m What remained of Asia was grabbed by a second rung power like Holland; tiny bits fell to the share of Portu under the thrall of the Europeans. As the Europeans dispatched their armies and administrators eastwards European subjects, they required to understand them as well. ‘Orientalism’ was the outcome of this politic a much quoted post-colonial theorist, called it “the system of European or Western knowledge about the O dominance of the Orient.”[2](#_edn2) This knowledge mainly took the form of philological (relating to the s explorations of India, China, the Arab lands and Persia (Iran). The scholars who undertook them studied, a SHARES(#) and historical evolution of classical oriental tongues such as , Arabic, Persian and Mandarin, or ed http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 2/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts religious and literary texts composed in these languages. Of course, it was not all a labor of love (except wh who did not have any Asian colonies). ‘Orientalist’ knowledge was mandatory to fully understand the histo Asian peoples. The imperialists sought this knowledge to control or manipulate them competently. In fact ‘Orientalist’ knowledge that Lord Curzon, that imperialist per excellence, termed it a “part of the necessary The Evangelical Bias of British ‘Orientalism’

The rule of the (hereafter EIC) can be said to have formally commenced in the Indian Warren Hastings assumed charge in (then Calcutta) as the rst Governor-General of its territorial p were producing bits and pieces of ‘Orientalist’ knowledge. They were urgently required – to administer an that the EIC now ruled. Thus, in the year 1776, Nathaniel Brassey Halhed (1751-1830), an employee of the Laws, or, Ordinations of the Pundits (here ‘Gentoo’ is a transliteration of Hindu). It was a clumsy rendering Vivadarnavasetu – produced in Sanskrit by a group of Brahmans hired by the EIC. The Vivadarnavasetu com from the authoritative Sanskrit textual sources; alongside, the Brahmans had also prepared and included i prescriptions.[4](#_edn4) The text was meant to be used by the judges of the EIC when deciding disputes bet up the Code with A Grammar of the Bengali Language; it was placed before the Board of the EIC by Warren H (#_edn5) Presumably, the Grammar was to help the EIC ofcials pick up Bengali, so essential if they were to Bengali-speaking Indians. Meanwhile, Charles Wilkins, another EIC functionary who designed the Bengali for the printing of the Grammar, was working on a translation of the Bhagwad Gita (eventually published in

British ‘Orientalism’, however, genuinely took off only after the indefatigable William Jones’s (1746-1794) Supreme Court of Judicature – the topmost court in the EIC’s domains. Much before he had even thought o seriously engaging in ‘Orientalist’ researches – he had published a Grammar of the Persian Language in 177 epithet ‘Persian Jones’.[7](#_edn7) Understandably, when he found himself in the ‘Orient’, in India of all pla knowledge was whetted beyond measure. Thus, within months of arriving in India, the ship bearing him re 1783, Jones sought to create an ‘Asiatic Society’ to systematize and coordinate the ‘Orientalist’ researches efforts bore fruit and was formally founded by a gathering of the EIC folks on 15 Januar the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William.[8](#_edn8) Thereafter, Jones immersed himself in discover incredible ardor. He employed Brahmans to teach him Sanskrit and published his translation of ’s (entitled Sacontala, or the Fatal Ring: An Indian Drama by Calidas) and that of the Manusmriti in 1794 (entit Institutes of Manu).

However, as he undertook these ‘Orientalist’ labors, a certain bias never left Jones. Throughout, he remain creed, Christianity. Jones denitely admired aspects of Hinduism. For example, its “concept of the hereafte rebirths till the soul attains liberation. But he held no doubt, as he implied in the preface to his translation country had been blessed with the “only true revelation”[10](#_edn10) – the one that the Bible contained. T historian Thomas R. Trautmann. According to him, “there was no question in Jones’s mind that Christiani (#_edn11) This certitude, in fact, was one reason why Jones was making such an intense study of the Sanskri textual references that veried the Biblical narrative – so much better if the scriptures of the non-Christia Christianity. Trautmann, thus, points out that Jones was much enthused by the Puranic story of the great d “independent conrmation of the ood of Noah” and “fortied Christian truth against the skeptics.”[12](#_

What Jones had been doing was by no means exceptional. Before him, another EIC employee by the name o 1798) had begun studying the scriptures of Hinduism with the intent of buttressing Christianity. As Trautm believe, and publicly declared, that the Hindu scriptures completed the Biblical narrative and supplied its h (#_edn13) In fact, Nathaniel Brassey Halhed too, in later life, after leaving India, sought to nd support for C

SHARES(#)concepts by taking recourse to making their “symbolical and allegorical interpretations.”[14](#_edn14)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 3/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts By the early decades of the nineteenth century, Indo-centric ‘Orientalist’ researches had caught on in Grea had a full-blown evangelical intention, not just a subtle bias towards verifying the Christian truth with the since certain individuals in the British ‘Orientalist’ establishment felt that India can be properly Christiani knowledge about her and her classical heritage. One of them was Horace Hayman Wilson (1786-1860) who a surgeon in the employ in the EIC. Apparently, he ardently wished to ‘save’ the natives of India from their that not enough of the Christian clergy bothered to learn the Sanskrit language. The result of this was that unable to freely communicate with the Hindus” and “failed to exercise their inuence over them.”[15](#_ed from the minds of Hindus one had to understand it fully. For this, Wilson believed, it was essential that the Sanskrit. Another old EIC hand, Lt.-Colonel Joseph Boden, too had similar ideas. For a military man his thi Boden thought that “a more general knowledge and critical knowledge (sic.) of the Sanskrit language” will Natives of India to the Christian religion…”[16](#_edn16) Very generously, thus, he bequeathed all his prope to found a Professorship of Sanskrit. Oxford did as he wished and created a position w Boden Professorship of Sanskrit. The rst ‘Orientalist’ to be elected to it (candidates campaigned and ballo the position), in the year 1832, was none other than H.H. Wilson. The evangelical bias of British ‘Orientali support.

As to how seriously this support was taken came to light in 1860, the year Wilson died. The vacant Boden P hotly and acrimoniously contested by two candidates – both with a towering ‘Orientalist’ reputation. Thei (1823-1900) and Monier Williams (1819-1899). Muller was then editing the Rig Veda and Williams’ efforts a monumental Sanskrit-to-English dictionary. It was not easy to choose between the two. So Williams’ sup greater commitment to the Christianization of India. Williams himself drew attention to the fact that, as o Muller specialized in), his forte was classical Sanskrit which “lived and breathed in the current speech” of Hence, his researches, which were on the religious texts composed in classical Sanskrit, were to be of grea Presumably because, as the linguistic usages of these texts survived in the everyday speech of the Indians, them also did. The diligent Prof. Williams will help the missionaries understand and weed them out. Seem quite convinced by his claims. In a handbill it distributed in Oxford, they urged Williams’ election to the P trustworthy depository of the Christian interests of a Christian foundation”[18](#_edn18) – namely, the Univ fruit and Williams was elected to the Boden Professorship.

The whole election episode left Max Muller very bitter. He passionately desired the Boden Professorship an worthy of it, and it was not because of his scholarship alone. One of the charges that the supporters of Wil Muller was that he was not a native of England. But, though of German birth, he was by then effectively a n been residing in Oxford, England since 1846 (he continued to do so till his death in 1900), was married to a his scholarship in English. In every sense, he was an insider to the British ‘Orientalist’ establishment. This identify with the evangelical drive of Indo-centric British ‘Orientalism’? This question attains further impo charge made against Muller by his opponents – they said that he was irreligious.

On the basis of what we know about him, and what has survived of his private correspondence (quite a lot he wished the conversion of India to Christianity as strongly as Williams. He, for example, in a letter he wr following reason for his obsession with the Rig Veda –

“It is the root of their (Indians’) religion, and to show what that root is, is, I feel sure, the only way of uproo the last 3000 years (italics mine).”[19](#_edn19)

The ultimate objective of both Muller and Williams was, thus, identical. Both were driving at a fuller under missionaries contest and destroy it. We also learn from Muller’s biographer, Nirad C. Chaudhary, that towa persuade the adherents of the Brahmo Samaj to declare themselves Christian.[20](#_edn20) He sought to ach SHARES(#)friend Pratap Chandra Majoomdar, the leader of a Brahmo faction, with whom he corresponded frequently http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 4/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts Construction of the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy

Some years after H.H. Wilson took charge as the Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford, a arrived in India. The twenty-four year old Robert Caldwell (1814-1891) landed in (then Madras) in London Missionary Society. Had Wilson met Caldwell, he would have liked the young man. Caldwell freely Though he did not learn Sanskrit, he acquired mastery over another classical Indian language – namely, Ta efforts drove him into ‘Orientalist’ researches – he eagerly took to studying the language, religious beliefs whom he was proselytizing. Eventually, to subserve his proselytizing efforts, Caldwell imagined a racial di and civilization. The impact of Caldwell’s racial theory has been major and extremely malevolent. In fact, t grist to the mill of the separatist Tamil politicians in the 1960s originated with Robert Caldwell.

Caldwell’s theater of operations was the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu where he sought converts in the He was, however, not very successful. Frustrated, he appears to the have ascribed his lack of success to the the minds of the Nadars. Caldwell, thus, writes the American anthropologist Nichols B. Dirks, came to thin by implication Tamil religion more generally, could be understood to have existed as a separate and auton Brahmanic (sic.) belief might be undone.”[21](#_edn21) Presumably, Caldwell thought that once he succeeds ‘Brahmanic belief’, he will also efface the inuence the Brahmans had over the Shanars (and all other non- thus, detached from the body of Hinduism and rush in droves to embrace the cross.

Caldwell, in order to attain his objective, immersed in philological speculations (contained in A Comparati South-Indian Family of Languages which he published in 1856). Their outcome was his claim that Sanskrit w were Brahmans and their religiosity. He contended that “Brahmans had brought Sanskrit with them when south, along with a strain of Hinduism that emphasized idol worship.”[22](#_edn22) The original Tamil relig Thus, writes Dirks pointedly, “in claiming the [civilizational and religious] independence of the Tamils, he Christian conversion.”[23](#_edn23) As though this was not mischievous enough, Caldwell did more – he asc ‘racial’ identity and imagined that India had a history of ‘race wars’. Caldwell averred that Brahmans were moved southwards as “colonists and instructors” once the Dravidians were militarily defeated by the Aryan

By the end of the nineteenth-century, this malicious ‘race theory’ had become a “settled fact” – that India wake of a military clash between “invading…Sanskrit speaking Aryan” and dark-skinned “aborigines”[25]( defeated and subjugated. The canonization of this idea had a lot to do with the fact that no other than Max behind it. The reason why he did so had its own politics. To be fair to Muller, he had no racial theories in h researches. He opined that all speakers of Indo-European languages, irrespective of their complexion, mak puts it, Muller thought that “the same blood ran in the veins of the soldiers of [Lord] Clive as in the veins o (#_edn26)

But now a new eld of ‘knowledge’ had emerged in Europe – that of ‘race science’ – wherein racial taxonom the skin color of human groups. It was unacceptable to ‘race science’ that dark Indians and white European also was the idea that dark skinned peoples were capable of building civilizations on their own. Muller now or swarthy Indians had built a civilization so magnicent. The hypothesis that he came up with was that, a had been invaded by a fair-skinned ‘Aryan’ race. He very nearly teased the Rig Veda to nd evidence that it the result was still meager. It appears that Muller himself was aware how imsy the foundations of his hyp

“The only expression that might be interpreted in this way [as referring to ‘non-Aryan enemies’] is that of It means “with a beautiful nose”…[as opposed to] vrsasipra in the Veda, which seems to mean goat or bull- whom Indra killed with his weapon (Rv. V, 29,10), are probably meant for noseless…”[27](#_edn27)

SHARES(#)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 5/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts It is important to know that “Muller himself later abandoned his interpretation of the word sipra, so that e a single word (anasa) in a single passage [of the Rig Veda] (RV 5.29.10)…” That we Indians still hold on to i invasion’ of our country is an indication of the supreme extent to which are minds are colonized. Removin our school textbooks can be a purposeful step towards decolonizing them. If not, this malevolent theory h kids for what it is – an outcome of the politics of British ‘Orientalism’.

(#_ednref1)References

[1] He uses it in his book Imagining India, Hurst & Company, London, 1990 (First Edition)

[2](#_ednref2) See Orientalism. Western Conceptions of the Orient, Penguin Books, 1995, p.197.

[3](#_ednref3) Orientalism, p.214.

[4](#_ednref4) See Rosane Rocher, Orientalism, Poetry and the Millennium: The Checkered Life of Nathaniel Bra Delhi, 1983, pp.48-51.

[5](#_ednref5) Orientalism, Poetry and the Millennium, p.74.

[6](#_ednref6) Garland Cannon, The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones. Sir William Jones, the Father of Modern Lin Press, 1990, p.36.

[7](#_ednref7) The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones, p.40.

[8](#_ednref8) The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones, p.203.

[9](#_ednref9) The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones, p.321.

[10](#_ednref10) The Life and Mind of Oriental Jones, p.349.

[11](#_ednref11) Aryans and British India, Yoda Press, New Delhi, 2004, p.60.

[12](#_ednref12) Aryans and British India, p.58.

[13](#_ednref13) Aryans and British India, 68.

[14](#_ednref14) Orientalism, Poetry and the Millennium, p.138.

[15](#_ednref15) See Nirad C. Chaudhary, Scholar Extraordinary. The Life of Professor the Rt. Hon. Friedrich Ma p.131.

[16](#_ednref16) Scholar Extraordinary, p.221.

[17](#_ednref17) Scholar Extraordinary, p.224.

[18](#_ednref18) Scholar Extraordinary, p.225.

[19](#_ednref19) Scholar Extraordinary, p.90. SHARES(#) [20](#_ednref20) Scholar Extraordinary, p.330. http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 6/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

[21](#_ednref21) Castes of Mind. Colonialism and the Making of Modern India, Permanent Black, Delhi, 2016 (N

[22](#_ednref22) Castes of Mind, p.140.

[23](#_ednref23) Castes of Mind, p.140.

[24](#_ednref24) Castes of Mind, p.140.

[25](#_ednref25) Aryans and British India, p.194.

[26](#_ednref26) Aryans and British India, p.194.

[27](#_ednref27) Aryans and British India, p.197.

Featured Image: The Telegraph

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed within this article are the personal opinions of the auth any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or validity of any in

Saumya Dey(http://indiafacts.org/author/saumya-dey/) The author is Assistant Professor of History at O P Jindal Global Univers

277

Related Reading

Text as the Kanchi Seer Text as the Best of 2017: Rememb Metaphoric Should Not Bow Metaphoric Articles you India’s f Body: Down to Body: don’t want to holocaus Incorporation of Prejudice-Filled Incorporation of miss (http://indiaf Tripurā in Tamil ‘Anthem’ Tripurā in (http://indiafacts.org/best- forgotten-hol Saundaryalaharī (http://indiafacts.org/kanchi- Saundaryalaharī 2017-articles-dont-want- seer-not-bow-prejudice- miss/) - IV lled-tamil-anthem/) - I (http://indiafacts.org/tripura- (http://indiafacts.org/tripura- saundaryalahari-4/) saundaryalahari-1/) SHARES(#)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 7/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts Explore IndiaFacts

British Intellectual Svādhyāya: Plato and the Christian Colonization of terrorism of the Studying our Upanishads - 3 missiona India Left: The case for Holy Books- III (http://indiafacts.org/plato- target ev (http://indiafacts.org/british- Dr. Makarand (http://indiafacts.org/svadhyaya-upanishads-3/) single colonization-india/) Paranjape studying-holy-books-3/) compone (http://indiafacts.org/intellectual- Hindu so terrorism-left-case-dr-makarand- (http://indiaf paranjpe/) missionaries- single-compo society/)

P r e v i o u s A r t i c l e N e x t A JUDGEMENT DAY: TALES FROM THE JUDICIAL इंजी मामामु  CHAMBERS(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/JUDGEMENT-DAY- आहे(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG TALES-JUDICIAL-CHAMBERS/) INDIA-M

SHARES(#)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 8/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

0 Comments IndiaFacts

 Recommend ⤤ Share

Start the discussion…

LOG IN WITH OR SIGN UP WITH DISQUS ?

Name

Be the first to comment.

ALSO ON INDIAFACTS 100 Years of Russian Revolution – IV: Was Indira What’s Love Gotta Do with Gandhi a Soviet Agent? Groups’ Agenda 1 comment • a day ago 20 comments • a month ago JayZ — Why am I not surprised? Thxs brilliant article HARRY — Exactly, what I

The Uneasy Relationship of JNU and the Indian Wrecking Machine: When Nation-State Wiped Out Islam 4 comments • 7 days ago 48 comments • a month ago NSRajaram — According to JNU "thinkers" India is a failed HARRY — I love your open state for failing to fit into their vision. India is anti-woman paragraph, leftist and libe but Islam is not. JNU has not produced a single even … couldn't have said it any b

✉ Subscribe d Add Disqus to your siteAdd DisqusAdd  Privacy

S e a r c h

S e a r c h 

P a g e s

SHARES(#)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 9/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

A b o u t

U s ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / A b o u t -

U s / )

H o m e p a g e ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / )

W r i t e T o

U s ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / W r i t e -

F o r - U s / )

(http://feeds.feedburner(https://twitter(https://www.com/IndiaFactsOr.com/indiafacts).facebook.com/IndiaFacts?g)

fref=ts)

L a t e s t A r t i c l e s

100 YEARS OF RUSSIAN REVOLUTION – IV: WAS INDIRA GANDHI A SOVIET AGENT? (HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/INDIRA- GANDHI-SOVIET-AGENT/) MARCH 19, 2018

ರೕಯ ಸ ೃಯ ೕ ಹಯ ೕವವರ ಷ (HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/HAYAGRIVA- BHARATIYA-CULTURE/) MARCH 17, 2018

MAHARAJA BIR BIKRAM KISHORE MANIKYA: A GREAT HINDU KING OF TRIPURA(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/MAHARAJA- BIR-BIKRAM-KISHORE- MANIKYA-HINDU-KING- TRIPURA/) MARCH 16, 2018

SVĀDHYĀYA: STUDYING OUR HOLY BOOKS- III(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/SVADHYAYA- STUDYING-HOLY-BOOKS-3/) SHARES(#) MARCH 15, 2018 http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 10/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts PLATO AND THE UPANISHADS – 3(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/PLATO- UPANISHADS-3/) MARCH 14, 2018

THE UNEASY RELATIONSHIP OF JNU AND THE INDIAN NATION- STATE(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/UNEASY- RELATIONSHIP-JNU-INDIAN- NATION-STATE/) MARCH 13, 2018

PLATO AND THE UPANISHADS – 2(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/PLATO- UPANISHADS-2/) MARCH 12, 2018

GOOD LENIN OR BAD LENIN, INDIA NEEDS LESS LENIN(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/GOOD- BAD-INDIA-NEEDS-LESS-LENIN/) MARCH 10, 2018

PLATO AND THE UPANISHADS – 1(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/PLATO- UPANISHADS-1/) MARCH 9, 2018

INDIAN BINARY NUMBERS AND THE KATAPAYADI NOTATION(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/INDIAN- BINARY-NUMBERS-KATAPAYADI- NOTATION/) MARCH 8, 2018

HARAPPAN SITE: A MINIATURE DEPICTION IN SEALS(HTTP://INDIAFACTS.ORG/HARAPPAN- SITE-MINIATURE-DEPICTION- SEALS/) MARCH 7, 2018

SHARES(#)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 11/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

S e c t i o n s

C o m m e n t a r y ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / C a t e g o r y / A l l / C o m m e n t a r y / )

I n d o l o g y ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / C a t e g o r y / I n d o l o g y / )

A d v o c a c y ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . C o . I n / )

R i g h t s ( D i s c r i m i n a t i o n & A p p e a s e m e n t )

( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / r i g h t s -

d i s c r i m i n a t i o n -

a p p e a s e m e n t / )

I d e n t i t y ( D i s t o r t i o n & A p p r o p r i a t i o n )

( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / a l l / i d e n t i t y -

d i s t o r t i o n - w a t c h / )

D e m o g r a p h i c s ( P e r s e c u t i o n & P r o s e l y t i s a t i o n )

( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / d e m o g r a p h y -

c o n v e r s i o n - w a t c h / )

V i d e o s ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / v i d e o s / )

E v e n t s ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / e v e n t s / )

B h a r a t i y a

B h a s h a ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / C a t e g o r y / I n d i a n -

L a n g u a g e - A r t i c l e s / )

S a n s k r i t ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / s a n s k r i t / )

H i n d i ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n - SHARES(#) l a n g u a g e - http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 12/13 3/20/2018 The Politics of British Orientalism: Evangelism and the Aryan-Dravidian Dichotomy | IndiaFactsIndiaFacts

a r t i c l e s / h i n d i / )

K a n n a d a ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / k a n n a d a / )

M a r a t h i ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / m a r a t h i / )

G u j a r a t i ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / g u j a r a t i / )

Te l u g u ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / t e l u g u / )

Ta m i l ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / t a m i l / )

B e n g a l i ( h t t p : / / i n d i a f a c t s . o r g / c a t e g o r y / i n d i a n -

l a n g u a g e -

a r t i c l e s / b e n g a l i / )

B l o g ( H t t p : / / I n d i a f a c t s . O r g / C a t e g o r y / B l o g / )

C o p y r i g h t I n d i a F a c t s R e s e a r c h C e n t r e - 2 0 1 5

B a c k T o T o p  ( # )

SHARES(#)

http://indiafacts.org/politics-british-orientalism-evangelism-aryan-dravidian-dichotomy/ 13/13