Water-Borne Diseases

Bronx Community Health Dashboard: Communicable Disease

Last Updated: 9/24/2019

See last slide for more information about this project.

1 Food- & Water-Borne Diseases

Data note: All data are reported by labs and are not a measure of true incidence in the population as not all people seek care or are tested.

2 Overall, salmonella rates have declined in all five boroughs

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 25 Salmonella is a group of bacteria that is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in the U.S. Most infected people develop diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps 12 to 72 hours after infection. The illness 20 typically lasts 4 to 7 days, and most people recover without treatment. However, in some people, the diarrhea may be so severe that they need to be hospitalized.

16.0 16.2 15 15.5 13.5 12.6 13.1 12.3

10 10.1

adjusted rate per adjusted 100,000 Salmonella 7.0 -

Age 5

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

3 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Salmonella rates are above average in the Morrisania, Pelham, and Fordham areas of the Bronx compared to New York City overall

101

101 Kingsbridge 103 102 16 15.5 102 Northeast Bronx 14.4 13.9 103 Fordham 105 104 12.8 104 Pelham 106 105 Crotona 107 12 106 Morrisania 10.3 10.1 107 Mott Haven 8.8 8

4 adjusted rate per adjusted 100,000 Salmonella - 0 Age

4 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Campylobacter rates have increased in all five boroughs and are highest in Manhattan.

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 40

37.0 35 Campylobacter is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness in the U.S. Most cases occur as isolated events, not as part of 30 outbreaks. 27.6 25 23.5

16.7 15 15.5 14.8 adjusted Campy 100,000 rate per adjusted Campy - 10.3 10 Age 9.8 7.7

5 7.0

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

5 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Campylobacter rates are below average in the Bronx and highest in Southwest Brooklyn, Upper Manhattan, Chelsea, and Lower Manhattan

101

101 Kingsbridge 102 102 Northeast Bronx 103 24 22.4 103 Fordham 105 21.5 104 Pelham 104 106 105 Crotona 107 106 Morrisania 20 107 Mott Haven 16.9 16.4 15.9 16 14.3

11.7 12

8 adjusted Campy 100,000 rate per adjusted Campy - 4 Age

0 Kingsbridge Morrisania Fordham Pelham Crotona Mott Haven Northeast (101) (106) (103) (104) (105) (107) Bronx (102)

6 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Shigella rates have decreased in all five boroughs, but the most in Brooklyn.

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 25 A shigella outbreak outside of NYC spread to 21.1 Brooklyn in 2008. Shigella is a group of bacteria that can cause diarrheal disease. Bloody diarrhea, 20 19.6 stomach cramps, and fever are common symptoms.

11.5

10 10.2 adjusted 100,000 per rate adjusted Shigella - 6.7 5.0 Age 5 4.5 4.0 3.5

2.0 0.2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

7 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Shigella rates are higher in Mott Haven, Morrisania and Kingsbridge areas of the Bronx as compared to NYC overall

101

101 Kingsbridge 103 102 102 Northeast Bronx 10 9.7 103 Fordham 105 104 104 Pelham 106 105 Crotona 107 106 Morrisania 8 107 Mott Haven 7.1 6.4 6 5.5 5.3

2.3 2.2 adjusted 100,000 per rate adjusted Shigella - 2 Age

0 Mott Haven Morrisania Kingsbridge Fordham Crotona Pelham Northeast (107) (106) (101) (103) (105) (104) Bronx (102)

8 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Giardia rates have decreased in all five boroughs, but the most in Manhattan

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 60 55.4

50 Giardia is a single-celled parasite that can cause diarrheal disease. Abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and bouts of watery diarrhea are common symptoms. 40

21.3 20 17.5 adjusted 100,000 per rate adjusted Giardia - 13.8

Age 10.1 11.9 10 8.5 7.7 6.6 5.3 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

9 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Except for Fordham, Giardia rates are below average in the Bronx and highest in all of Manhattan and downtown Brooklyn

101 101 Kingsbridge 102 103 102 Northeast Bronx 103 Fordham 105 104 104 Pelham 106 14 105 Crotona 107 106 Morrisania 11.7 107 Mott Haven 12 10.8

10 9.1

8 7.5 7.3 6.9 5.9 6

4 adjusted 100,000 per rate adjusted Giardia - 2 Age 0

10 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Cryptosporidiosis (crypto) rates have nearly doubled in the Bronx

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 6

5.2 Crypto is a diarrheal disease caused by microscopic parasites that can reside in the intestines of humans and animals and get 5 transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water. Over 98% of cases go unreported in the U.S.

4.3 4

3 3.1

2 1.9 adjusted Crypto rate per 100,000 per rate Crypto adjusted - 1.3

Age 1.1 1 1.1 1.0

0.3 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

11 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Data missing for Staten Island for 2008, 2009, and 2012. Crypto rates are above average in Morrisania and Crotona areas of the Bronx as compared to NYC overall

101 101 Kingsbridge 102 102 Northeast Bronx 103 5 103 Fordham 4.5 104 Pelham 105 104 105 Crotona 106 106 Morrisania 107 4 107 Mott Haven

3.1 3

2 1.9 1.6 1.5 100,000 per rate Crypto adjusted - 1 Age

0.0 0.0 0 Morrisania Crotona Fordham Kingsbridge Pelham Mott Haven Northeast (106) (105) (103) (101) (104) (107) Bronx (102)

12 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Amebiasis rates have decreased in all boroughs except Staten Island, but the most in Manhattan.

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 30

26.6 Amebiasis is an intestinal infection that is caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. In some cases, it invades the colon wall, 25 causing colitis, acute dysentery, or chronic diarrhea.

8.2 adjusted Amebiasis 100,000 per rate Amebiasis adjusted - 6.0

Age 4.9 5 3.8 4.2 3.4 2.8 0.9 1.8 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

13 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Amebiasis rates are above average in the Crotona area of the Bronx as compared to NYC overall

101 101 Kingsbridge 102 102 Northeast Bronx 103 6 103 Fordham 5.6

104 Pelham 105 104 105 Crotona 106 5 106 Morrisania 107 107 Mott Haven 4.2 4 3.6 3.3 3.1 3 2.3

1.0 adjusted Amebiasis 100,000 per rate Amebiasis adjusted - 1 Age

0 Crotona Fordham Morrisania Pelham Kingsbridge Mott Haven Northeast (105) (103) (106) (104) (101) (107) Bronx (102)

14 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Vector-Borne Diseases

Data note: All data are reported by labs and are not a measure of true incidence in the population as not all people seek care or are tested.

15 The Bronx had the highest burden of Zika in 2017

4 Zika is a virus that is mainly spread by mosquitoes. A pregnant 101 3.6 mother can transmit it to her baby during pregnancy or around 103 102 the time of birth. It can spread through sexual contact. 105 3.5 104 106 Orange indicates Bronx 107 community districts 3

NYC Overall 2.5

rate per per 100,000 rate 2.0 2 Zika

1.5 1.3 adjusted - 1 0.8 Age 0.5 0.5

0 Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island

Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017 16 Based on CDC/CSTE case definition of non-congenital Zika disease and infection. Data not available prior to 2016. In NYC overall, Zika rates are highest for 25-44 year olds and women

4 3.7

3.1 3 2.9 rate per per 100,000 rate

Zika 2 adjusted - Age 1

0.5 0.4

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 <1 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Male Female

17 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Rates for age not age-adjusted. In NYC overall, Zika rates are highest in high poverty neighborhoods

3.1 3 rate per per 100,000 rate

2 Zika 1.8

adjusted 1.2 -

Age 1 0.8

0 Low (<10% of residents have incomes Medium (10-19% of residents have High (20-29% of residents have incomes Very high (≥30% of residents have below 100% of the FPL*) incomes below 100% of the FPL) below 100% of the FPL) incomes below 100% of the FPL) Neighborhood Poverty Level

18 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Malaria rates have decreased in all boroughs except the Bronx, where the malaria rate is highest and has modestly increased

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 9 Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by a parasite, transmitted 8 through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It was eliminated from the U.S. in

the early 1950s, but between 1,500 and 2,000 cases still occur annually, mostly in people who have recently traveled to malaria-endemic areas. 7

6.2 6

5 5.1 As NYC has a large number of international 4 migrants, most of these are imported cases.

adjusted adjusted rate malaria per 100,000 2.5 - 2.3 2.6 2.2

Age 2.2 2 2.1 1.9 1.5 1

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

19 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Malaria rates are highest in the Bronx, Central Harlem, and North Staten Island

101 101 Kingsbridge 102 103 102 Northeast Bronx 14 103 Fordham 105 104 12.8 104 Pelham 106 105 Crotona 107 12 106 Morrisania 107 Mott Haven 10.2 10

8 6.9 6.5 6

4 3.7 adjusted adjusted rate malaria per 100,000

- 2.3 1.9 2 Age

0 Mott Haven Morrisania Crotona Fordham Northeast Pelham Kingsbridge (107) (106) (105) (103) Bronx (102) (104) (101)

20 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. In NYC overall, malaria rates are highest for 45-64 year olds and men 4

3.5 3.3 3.2

3 2.8

2.2 2.1 2 1.7 adjusted adjusted rate malaria per 100,000 - 1 0.9 0.9 Age

0 <1 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Male Female

21 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Rates for age not age-adjusted. In NYC overall, malaria rates increase as neighborhood poverty level increases 6

5.1 5

3.2 3

2 1.6 adjusted adjusted rate malaria per 100,000 -

Age 1.0 1

22 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Lyme disease rates have increased in all five boroughs, but most dramatically in Staten Island. Rates are lowest in the Bronx.

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 35 As Lyme disease is not 32.7 Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium that is endemic to Manhattan, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected

30 most of these are backlegged ticks. Fever, headache, fatigue, and a skin imported cases. rash called erythema migrans are common symptoms.

25.9 25 23.1

15 14.8

10 8.8 adjusted Lyme disease rate per 100,000 per rate disease Lyme adjusted - 6.3 Age 5 4.0 3.3 1.3

0 1.1 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

23 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Lyme disease rates are below average in the Bronx except for Kingsbridge and are highest in Northwest Brooklyn, Manhattan and Staten Island

101 14.7 101 Kingsbridge 102 102 Northeast Bronx 103 14 103 Fordham 105 104 Pelham 104 105 Crotona 106 12 106 Morrisania 107 107 Mott Haven 10

6 4.2 4 2.8 2.7 adjusted Lyme disease rate per 100,000 per rate disease Lyme adjusted - 2.0 2 1.7 1.5 Age

0 Kingsbridge Pelham Mott Haven Northeast Fordham Crotona Morrisania (101) (104) (107) Bronx (102) (103) (105) (106)

24 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Other Communicable Diseases

Data note: All data are reported by labs and are not a measure of true incidence in the population as not all people seek care or are tested.

25 For all boroughs, rates of new TB infections have declined. In the Bronx, the rate has decreased by 55%

20 Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 18.6

TB is a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. The bacteria 15.6 typically attack the lungs, but they can also affect other parts of the body. Many TB 15 strains resist the drugs most used to treat the disease. People with active TB must

15.0 take several types of medications for many months to eradicate the infection.

12.2

10.4 10

7.1 6.0 6.9

5 Tuberculosis rate per 100,000 per rate Tuberculosis 3.8

2.3

0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

26 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Tuberculosis Surveillance Data, 2001-2017. TB rates are about average in the Bronx and highest in Queens

Orange indicates Bronx community districts 101

102 103 12 NYC Overall 105 104 106 10.4 107 10

8 7.1 6.9

100,000 per rate TB 4 3.8

2.3 2

0 Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island

27 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Tuberculosis Surveillance Data, 2017. In the Bronx, TB rates are highest for those who are 20-29 year old, male, and Asian/Pacific Islander

30 26.8

10.4 9.4 10 8.7 9.2 7.7 8.2 100,000 per rate TB 6.5 6.5 5.1 5 2.0 2.2

28 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Tuberculosis Surveillance Data, 2017.

The chronic hepatitis B rate has remained stable in the Bronx, but declined in Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 140 Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It

is transmitted when people come in contact with the blood, 124 open sores, or body fluids of someone who has the virus. 120 120 Having chronic hepatitis B increases the risk of developing liver 113 failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis.

100

92 86 80 75 72

60 53 48

40 39 adjusted chronic hepatitis B rate per per 100,000 B rate hepatitis adjusted chronic - 20 Age

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

29 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2006-2017. Chronic hepatitis B rates are about average in the Bronx, and highest in Queens, Southwest Brooklyn, and Lower Manhattan

101 101 Kingsbridge 102 102 Northeast Bronx 103

103 Fordham 103 104 Pelham 105 100 105 Crotona 106 104 91 106 Morrisania 107 87 85 107 Mott Haven 80

59 60

40 30 adjusted chronic hepatitis B rate per 100,000

- 20 Age

0 Morrisania Crotona Fordham Mott Haven Pelham Northeast Kingsbridge (106) (105) (103) (107) (104) Bronx (102) (101)

30 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. In NYC overall, chronic hepatitis B rates are highest for 30- 39 year olds and men

140 138 127

120 118 111

100 95

81 80

66 60 60

40 36 adjusted chronic hepatitis B rate per per 100,000 B rate hepatitis adjusted chronic - 20 Age 10

0 0-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Male Female

31 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Rates for age not age-adjusted. In NYC overall, chronic hepatitis B rates increase as neighborhood poverty level increases

120

115

103 100

63 60

40 32 adjusted chronic hepatitis B rate per per 100,000 B rate hepatitis adjusted chronic

- 20 Age

32 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. The chronic hepatitis C rate has decreased by 71% in the Bronx

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 350

300 315 In the U.S., infection with hepatitis C virus is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis. Chronic hepatitis C is usually curable with oral medications taken daily for two to six months. However, about half of people with the disease do not know that they are 250 infected because most symptoms do not appear until cirrhosis develops and the liver begins to fail.

200 175

150 146

105 100 91 88 adjusted chronic hepatitis C rate per per 100,000 C rate hepatitis adjusted chronic

- 57 50 53

Age 45 38

0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

33 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2006-2017. Four of the 10 neighborhoods with the highest chronic hepatitis C rates are in the Bronx

101 101 Kingsbridge 102

103 119 102 Northeast Bronx 120 115 103 Fordham 105 108 104 Pelham 106 104 105 Crotona 107 100 106 Morrisania 107 Mott Haven

80 77

60 50 44 40 36

adjusted chronic hepatitis C rate per 100,000 20 - Age

0 Mott Haven Morrisania Crotona Fordham Pelham Kingsbridge Northeast (107) (106) (105) (103) (104) (101) Bronx (102)

34 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. In NYC overall, chronic hepatitis C rates are highest for 60- 69 year olds and men

125 123

105

100

77 76 76 75 73

58 51 50 41

adjusted chronic hepatitis C rate per per 100,000 C rate hepatitis adjusted chronic 25 - Age

3 0 0-19 20-29 20-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ Male Female

35 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Rates for age not age-adjusted. In NYC overall, chronic hepatitis C rates increase as neighborhood poverty level increases

100

83 80

60 60 51

20 adjusted chronic hepatitis C rate per per 100,000 C rate hepatitis adjusted chronic - Age

36 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. The legionella rate in the Bronx has increased 7-fold from 2000 to 2017

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island 16

14 There were two

Legionella is a respiratory disease caused by bacteria that grow and multiply in a building water system. When contaminated water spreads in droplets small enough Legionella outbreaks for people to breathe in, people can acquire a serious type of pneumonia called in the Bronx in 2015. 12 Legionnaires’ disease.

7.0 6 5.6 4.8

adjusted Legionella rate per 100,000 per rate adjusted Legionella 4.3 - 4

Age 3.2

2 1.0

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

37 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2000-2017. Data missing for Staten Island for 2001.

Two of the 10 neighborhoods with the highest Legionella rates are in the Bronx

101 Kingsbridge 101 102 Northeast Bronx 102 103 103 Fordham 15 104 Pelham 105 104 105 Crotona 106 12.9

106 Morrisania 107 107 Mott Haven

10 9.0

7.5

5.2 5.2 5.2 5 3.9 100,000 per rate adjusted Legionella - Age

0 Crotona Morrisania Fordham Pelham Northeast Kingsbridge Mott Haven (105) (106) (103) (104) Bronx (102) (101) (107)

38 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. In NYC overall, Legionella rates are highest for 65+ year olds and men

20 19.3

8 7.7 6.5 adjusted Legionella rate per 100,000 per rate adjusted Legionella -

Age 4 3.3

1.8

0.1 0 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Male Female

39 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Rates for age not age-adjusted. In NYC overall, Legionella rates are higher in neighborhoods with higher poverty

6.5

6 5.3 5 4.6

4 3.4

adjusted Legionella rate per 100,000 per rate adjusted Legionella 2 - Age 1

40 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. The streptococcus pneumoniae rate has increased over 3-fold in the Bronx

Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island Streptococcus pneumoniae are bacteria 16 that can cause many types of illnesses, including pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, meningitis, and bacteremia. 14

12 11.4

8 8.0 100,000 7.6

6.2 6 6.1

4 3.5 adjusted Streptococcus Pneumoniae rate per per rate Pneumoniae adjusted Streptococcus

- 3.4 2.6 Age 2 2.0

1.4 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

41 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2001-2017. Four of the 10 neighborhoods with the highest streptococcus pneumoniae rates are in the Bronx

101 101 Kingsbridge 102 20 102 Northeast Bronx 103 103 Fordham 18 17.3 104 Pelham 105 104 105 Crotona 106 16.1 106 Morrisania 107 16 107 Mott Haven 14 11.9 12 11.3 10.5 10 8.5 8 7.5

adjusted Streptococcusrate Pneumoniae per 100,000 0 - Age

42 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017 In NYC overall, streptococcus pneumoniae rates are highest for 65+ year olds and men

22.6

20 rate per per rate

15 Pneumoniae 13.5 100,000

10 9.2

6.0 6.3 5.1 adjusted Streptococcus Streptococcus adjusted

- 5 3.1 Age 2.3 0.8 0 <1 1-4 5-14 15-24 25-44 45-64 65+ Male Female

43 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. Rates for age not age-adjusted. In NYC overall, streptococcus pneumoniae rates are higher in neighborhoods with higher poverty 12 10.8 rate per per rate

7.4 7.0 Pneumoniae

6 5.7 100,000

3 adjusted Streptococcus Streptococcus adjusted - Age

44 Data source: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Communicable Disease Surveillance Data, 2017. About the Community Health Dashboard Project

. The goal of the project is to provide Bronx-specific data on risk factors and health outcomes with an emphasis on presenting data on trends, socio-demographic differences (e.g., by age, sex, race/ethnicity, etc.) and sub-county/neighborhood level data

. Data will be periodically updated as new data becomes available.

. Produced by Montefiore’s Office of Community & Population Health using publicly-available data sources

. For more information, please contact us at [email protected]