DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 043 827 AC 008 547

TITLE A Report on the Activities of the First Five Years, 1963-1968. INSTITUTION Thompson Foundation, London (England). PUB DATE [69] NOTE 34p.; photos

EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$1.80 DESCRIPTORS Admission Criteria, Audiovisual Aids, Capital Outlay (for Fixed Assets), Curriculum, Developing Nations, Expenditure Per Student, Foreign Nationals, Grants, *Inservice Education, Instructional Staff, *Journalism, Physical Facilities, *Production Techniques, Students, *Television IDENTIFIERS Great Britain

ABSTRACT The Thomson Foundation trains journalists and television producers and engineers from developing nations in order to help these nations use mass communication techniques in education. Applicants must be fluent in English; moreover, their employers must certify that the applicants merit overseas training and will return to their work after training. Scholarships cover most expenses other than travel to and from the United Kingdom. Three 12-week courses covering such topics as news editing, reporting, features, photography, agricultural journalism, management, and press freedoms, are held annually at the Thomson Foundation Editorial Study Centre in Cardiff; two 16-week courses are held on various aspects of engineering and program production at the Television College, Glasgow. During vacation periods, the centers offer workshops and other inservice training opportunities to outside groups.(The document includes the evolution of the programs, trustee and staff rosters, Foundation grants, capital and per capita costs, overseas visits and cumulative list of students from 68 countries.) (LY) A REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE FIRST FIVE YEARS 1963/1968 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES- SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY.

THOMSON, FOUNDATION CONTENTS

Introduction 3Training Overseas Journalists 16 Cardiff as a Training Centre The Trustees 4The CPU Courses (with obituaryThe Earl of Kilmuir) Sports Editors The Director Agricultural Journalism The Television College Audio-Visual Aids in Training Board of Governors Films for Training Syllabus Advisory Committee "Scope" Editorial Study Centre Overseas Training 21 Advisory Board Television Journalism Staff of the Foundation 7 Sierra Leone Research Project

Applying for a course 7Overseas Visits 22 The Editorial Study Centre The Director Syllabus The Principal of the TV College The Television Courses The Director of Editorial Studies Television College Syllabus Training in United Kingdom 24 Selection of Trainees 9Dates of Courses at Cardiff Dates of Courses at Kirkhill Training Television Personnel 10Newspaper Management Course The Television Syllabus Advisory Miscellaneous Fellowships Committee Television College Staff Foundation Grants 25 Description of Duties Guest Lecturers at the Television Appendix 26 College Members of Courses Training TV News Editors Names, Countries, Courses Vacation Activities attended

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A memorable moment for Lina Alberti of Peru. She was one of the Foundation students presented to Princess Margaret who opened International blouse, Penarth - where successive courses have been housed.

Lord Thomson in the News Room during a visit to Kirkhill House in October 1968.

2 INTRODUCTION

"Frequently it has beenmy privilege to entertain in this country the trainee journalists and trainee press administrators who havecome here from Commonwealth countries,many of them very new emerging countries, under the aegis of the Thomson Foundation" The Rt. Hon. Harold Wilson, O.B.E., the Prime Minister, at Lord Thomson's 75th Birthday Party on 5th June,1969. "It might be fitting to say, that since the days when Carnegie and Rockefeller pioneered large-scale philanthropy inabigway, no man has used his money moreintelligently than Mr. Roy Thomson has in giving D,000,000 to set up this foundation 9f Mr. T. Dalyell, M.P. for West Lothian, in the House of Commons, November, 1962.

The Thomson Foundation, set up by British High Commissioner in Foundation Television College, Kirkhill Mr. Roy Thomson (now Lord Nigeria, and later British High House, Newton Mearns, Glasgow. Thomson of Fleet) in 1962, has as its Commissioner in Malaysia. At Cardiff, three 12-week courses a main purpose the training of Field Marshal the Earl Alexander of year are given to working journalists journalists and television producers Tunis, former Governor-General of from all parts of the world. In addition, and engineers from developing Canada was Chairman from 1967 to an intensive three-week course is countries. The aim is to help these 1969. (Lord Alexander died in June given each year to holders of countries to harness and develop 1969 since thiS report was prepared Commonwealth Press Union modern techniques of mass and he has been succeeded as scholarships who are visiting Britain. communication in the service of Chairman by Mr. James M. Coltart, At the Television College near education. LL.D. Also since this report was Glasgow the Foundation conducts two As a charitable trust, the Foundation prepared the Hon. Gavin Astor, 16 week courses each year in television can have no financial interest in any President of Times Newspapers and production, engineering and related commercial enterprise. It has no Chairman of Council of the subjects. connection with the Thomson Commonwealth Press Union has But the work of the Foundation is Organisation Ltd., or with any other joined the Board of Trustees). The not limited to these training courses. business interests throughout the other members of the Board are Lord It has sponsored a course in world, except that it sometimes asks Williamson of Eccleston, a Labour Newspaper Management, in for Thomson Organisation experts and Life Peer; the Hon. Kenneth Thomson, co-operation with the University of facilities to assist with training. son of Lord Thomson; and James Stathclyde, Glasgow, and has set up The Foundation's policies are formed Coltart, LL.D., Deputy Chairman of and participated in journalism training by a Board of Trustees. The first the Thomson Organisation. courses and seminars in Cyprus, India, Chairman of the Trustees was Lord The chief executive, the Director of Thailand, the Philippines, Malawi and Kilmuir, a former Lord Chancellor, the Foundation, is Mr. Tom Neil, a Afghanistan, Television training who died in January 1967. He was former senior civil servant with many seminars have been conducted in succeeded on the Board by Viscount years of experience in East Africa. Cyprus, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lebanon, Head of Throope; as Anthony Head he The main part of U.K. training is Nigeria, Pakistan, Uganda and Zambia. was formerly Minister for War in the carried out at the Thomson It is the policy of the Foundation to British Government, then.Minister of Foundation Editorial Study Centre, extend such overseas training in Defence. After leaving politics he was Cardiff, and at the Thomson future years. THE TRUSTEES

The Trustees are, as their name ended the war as a Brigadier. He was elected Conservative Member of implies, responsible for the elected to Parliament in 1945 as Parliament for Liverpool (West Derby). execution of the Trust Deed Conservative member for Carshalton, He represented that constituency in the establishing the Thomson and was an MP until 1960, when he wasHouse of Commons for 19 years. Foundation. created the first Viscount Head of In 1942 he was knighted and became They meet regularly, allocate Throope. He was Secretary of State forSolicitor-General in the Coalition finances for projects, and determine War from 1951 to 1956, and Minister of Government. From 1951 he was Home the policies of the Foundation. Defence from October, 1956, to JanuarySecretary until 1954, when he was The Trustees are responsible for 1957. He was the first UK. High created Earl of Kilmuir, and entered the the Trust Fund and the income of theCommissioner to the newly independentHouse of Lords as Lord Chancellor. He Foundation, and it is their Federation of Nigeria, from 1960 to 1963,resigned from that position in 1962. responsibility to see that the incnmeand was High Commissioner to the Following the death of the Earl of of the Foundation is spent in Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to Kilmuir, Field Marshal the Rt. Hon, Earl accordance with the purposes laid 1966. Alexander of Tunis became chairman out in the Trust Deed. They have of the Foundation, and the vacancy on wide powersas, indeed, do all The Rt. Hon. Lord Williamson, of the Board of Trustees was filled by Trustees of charitable funds Eccleston CBE., JP. Trade Viscount Head of Throope. provided they are in accordance Unionist with the broad terms of the Trust Born in 1897. He served on the Director of the Foundation Deed. In fact, they act very much asLiverpool City Council (1929-35) and theMr. Thomas Neil, CMG, TD. a Board in a public company, exceptNational Executive of the Labour Party Born in 1913. He was educated at King's that they are appointed and not (1940-47). He was Labour Member of College, University of Durham (BSc, elected. Parliament for Lincoln and Rutland NDA). He served in the war of 1939-45 (Brigg) between 1945 and 1948. In 1947 with the Devonshire Regiment (TA), as he was elected to the General Council a Lieutenant-Colonel, in the United Chairman: (1967 -1969) Kingdom, East Africa and the Middle Field Marshal the Rt. Hon. Earl of the Trades Union Congress and was Chairman for 1956-57. He was knighted East. He joined the Colonial Service, Alexander of Tunis, KG., PC., becoming District Officer, Kenya, in GCB., OM., GCMG., CSI., DSO., in 1956 and early in 1962 he was created a life peer. He retired in 1962 after 15 1947; Assistant Secretary 1952; MC., (deceased). Soldier. Assistant Chie Secretary 1957; and in Born in 1891; he fought in France years as General Secretary of the National Union of General and Municipal1959 was appointed Permanent throughout the 1914-18 war, receiving Secretary in Kenya's Ministry of the DSO, MC and Legion of Honour. In Workers. He was a director of the Daily Herald and was a member of the State for Constitutional Affairs and the 1939-45 war he was, in succession, Administration. He took up his Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Independent Television Authority (1961-64). appointment as Director of the Command, then in Burma and subse- Thomson Foundation in 1963. quently the Middle East. In 1944 he was promoted Field-Marshal and Supreme The Hon. K. R. Thomson The main task of the Director of the Allied Commander, Mediterranean Newspaper and Television Theatre, in which capacity he served Foundation, TD., is to see thatthe Foun- Proprietor dation is administered in accordance until the end of the war. He served as Born in 1923, the son of the Founder, Governor-General of Canada (1946-52) with the broad policies laid down by the Lord Thomson. He served in the war in Trustees. He is responsible for all the and Minister of Defence (1952-54). He the Royal Canadian Air Force and activities of the Foundation, and his became Lord Lieutenant of the County afterwards gained his M.A. at of London in 1957 and Constable of the duties include overseeing the correct Cambridge. He became President of and proper expenditure of money, the Tower of London in 1960, He was also Thomson Newspapers (Canada) efficient conduct of the training Chairman of Alcan Industries Ltd. Limited in 1956 and of Thomson courses, the appointment of staff, and Newspapers Incorporated (USA.) in other related matters. Mr. James M. Coltart, LL.D., 1960. Chairman, Times Newspapers To carry out these tasks, it is Director of Newspaper and Limited and numerous other television necessary for him to maintain a Television Companies (Now and newspaper companies. continuous liaison with a number of Chairman of the Board of Trustees) Government departments, newspapers, Born in 1903. Deputy Chairman of the The Hon. Gavin Astor Newspaper press organisations, the BBC, and Thomson Organisation Limited since Proprietor overseas Ministries of Information. 1959. Chairman, Scottish Television President, Times Newspaper Limited In order to keep overseas Ministries, Limited. Mr. Coltart has pioneered the since 1967. Chairman Times Publishingnewspapers and television stations development of overseas media, Company 1959-1966. Director Monotypeaware of the training facilities and particularly in the new countries of Corporation Limited and other publish-programmes of the Foundation, Mr. Africa. He is a director of numerous ing companies. Chairman of Council Neil has made a number of overseas newspaper and television companies inof the Commonwealth Press Union tours. Britain and overseas. Honorary LL.D., since 1959. Strathclyde University. flankers OBITUARY 'the Royal Bank of Scotland Viscount Head of Throope, PC., The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Kilmuir, PC., Limited GCMG., CBE., MC. Soldier and GCVO, DCL., LL.D., Lord Chancellor 60 & 62 Lombard Street London EC3 Diplomat from 1954 to 1962, a former Home Born in 1906. He was educated at Eton Secretary, and the first chairman of the Auditors And the Royal Military College, Thomson Foundation, died on January Cooper Brothers & Company Sandhurst, was adjutant of the Life 27,1967, at the age of 66. 33 Gutter Lane Cheapside Guards from 1934 to 1937, and after David Maxwell Fyfe, who was called London EC2 attending the Staff College in 1939 to the Bar in 1922, and was appointed a became Brigade Major of the 20th King's Counsel 12 years later, was one Legal Advisers Guards Brigade in 1940. He served withof Britain's most outstanding lawyers. Linklaters & Paines the Guards Armoured Division and He entered politics in 1935, when 59 Gresham Street London EC2 Ic

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Informal meeting between trustees and students. Field-marshal Earl Alexander (second from right) talks with Viscount Head, A. T. I. Lawal of Nigeria and David Kraal of Singapore during a visit to Cardiff.

Members of the first Newspaper Management Course, organised in conjunction with the University of Strathclyde, with Mr. James Co/tart, who presented them with diplomas on behalf of the truste&s.

5 THE THOMSON FOUNDATIONTELEVISION COLLEGE Board of Governors Syllabus Advisory Committee Former Board Members T. Neil, director, The Thomson D. O'Donovan McClory, D.F.C., Commander J. C. R. Proud, director, Foundation (chairman). managing director, Thomson Centre for Educational Television A. Becker, technical director, Television (International) Limited. Overseas (1963-1965). Thomson Television (International) Hugh V. Sims, head of C. J. Ritchie, The British Council Limited. engineering maintenance training, (1963-1966). A. D. Beaty, Ministry of Overseas BBC Training Department, 0. Whitley, British Broadcasting Development. Wood Norton. Corporation (1963-1964). M. Glover, director, educational T. Singleton, director, Centre for N. Stevenson, managing director, aids dept., The British Council. Educational Television Overseas. Scottish Television Limited (1963-1966). T. Singleton, director, Centre for 0. H. Morris, Ministry of Educational Television Overseas Overseas Development (1963-1966). (CETO). A. Hurrell, Ministry of Overseas L Thirkell, controller of Development (1966-1967). appointments and staff training, British Broadcasting Corporation.

Lord Thomson being interviewed in Studio B at the College during View from the Control Room into Studio B at Kirkhill House. the shooting of the film "Never a Backward Step", by the National Film Board of Canada.

THE THOMSON FOUNDATIONEDITORIAL STUDY CENTRE Advisory Board officer, National Union of Journalists. Former Board Members T. Neil, Director, The Thomson J. Dodge, director, National B. Pook, National Union of Foundation (chairman). Council for the Training of Journalists.Journalists (1963-1965). H. H. Hayman, Institute of Brigadier L. L. Cross, C.B.E., secretary,0. H. Morris, Ministry of Journalists. Commonwealth Press Union. Overseas Development (1963-1966). K. Loveland, Newspaper Society. Professor L. J. Lewis, C.M.G., T. Lewis, National Union of J. Clement Jones, Guild of University of London. Journalists (1965-1967). British Newspaper Editors. R. Miles, head of information, A. Hurrell, Ministry of Overseas G. Viner, education and research Ministry of Overseas Development. Development (1966-1967).

Politics is no part of the syllabus for the Editorial Study Centre. Much of the Cardiff course calls for long hours in the lecture room, But members of this course enjoyed meeting the Right Hon. James but the programme is broken with occasional visits outside. The most Callaghan, Britain's Home Secretary - in whose constituency popular is an afternoon out at the Welsh Folk Museum, St. Fagans. International House lies. Centre.s the late J. D. Hughes, first assistant director, who also guided the pilot course. 6 STAFF OF THE FOUNDATION

Staff employed by the Thomson J. Cardownie (lecturer), 1966 -. T. Heffernan (engineering Foundation during the five years D. Connelly (lecturer), 1967. lecturer), 1965-1968. up to December, 1968, are as J. Lewis (lecturer), 1967-1968. W. Kirkwood (engineering follows: R. Hollowood (assistant director), lecturer), 1966 -. 1967-. R. Pearson (engineering lecturer), London Office L. W. Riley (lecturer), 1968-. 1969-. T. Neil, CMG, TD. (director), Miss P. Morgan (secretary), 1964-1967. J. McIntyre, 1964, 1963 - Mrs. J. Palit (secretary), 1968 -. J. McNairn, 1966-. Dr. J. Kinany (deputy director), T. Webster, 1967-. 1963-1966. Miss Rae Knight (course assistant), H. Bussell (accountant, deceased), 1965. 1963-1965. Milne Roberts, 1964-1965. N. O'Brien (accountant), 1966 - Television College C. Williams (film lecturer), Mrs. R. Buchan (secretary), 1963-1964. Kenneth Brown (principal), 1963. 1967-1968. Miss V. Henderson (secretary), Guy Bloomer (principal), 1964-1969. C. Heath (film lecturer), 1968, 1964-1966. W. J. C. Meikle (principal), 1969-. D. Reynolds (presentation Miss G. Hughes (secretary), 1965 - Miss Caryl Doncaster (production lecturer), 1967-. lecturer), 1964. Miss Sheila MacDonald (graphics), Editorial Study Centre G. Le Grove (production lecturer,) 1967-. J. Hughes (deputy director, (deceased), 1964-1967. T. Lockhart (administration), deceased), 1963-1965. H. Barron (production lecturer), 1967-1969. D. Rowlands (director), 1964-. 1967-. D. Anderson (accountant), 1969-. A. Crook (deputy director), Gavin Waddell (engineering Miss A. Robbie (secretary), 1963-1964. 1965-1967. lecturer), 1964-1965. Mrs. P. Entwistle (secretary), 1964 -.

APPLYING FOR A COURSE

Three courses a year, each of 12 and the 1968 autumn course was for Newsroom production. Stone weeks, are held at the Thomson Chief Sub-editors. sub-editing. Make-up and typography. Foundation Editorial Study Centre in Details of courses for journalists Contents bill writing. Cardiff, and two courses a year, each are available from British Council Features : Feature sources. Writing of 16 weeks, are held at the Thomson offices, or from Information Offices of features. Gossip columnists. Women's Foundation Television College, British High Commissions or pages. Lay-out and decoration. Newton Mearns, Glasgow. Embassies. Thousands of brochures Cartoons. Letters to the Editor. containing full information about futurePhotography: Briefing the For the Cardiff courses, scholarships courses are distributed each year, not photographer. Picture selection, are awarded to cover the full cost of only to the above offices, but also to cropping and scaling. Pictures for tuition, board and lodging - at journalists' associations and editors news and feature stories. Picture International House, Penarth, a of newspapers throughout the world. page s. Caption writing. students' hostel about five miles from Production: Relationship of editorial Cardiff - out-of-pocket expenses, and Also the newspaper, Scope, and works departments. Helping the authorised internal travel in Britain. produced three times a year in Cardiff composing room. Productivity and Cost of passages to Britain is the by members of each course, carries planning. New methods of production responsibility of the candidate, or his advance publicity of courses being - web-offset, computers, photo-setting. sponsor, though under certain held both at Cardiff and at the Photo-engraving, electronic and circumstances fares to and from Television College at Glasgow. powderless etching. Britain are paid through Government Press freedoms: Liberty or licence? Technical Assistance Funds. The Editorial Study Centre SyllabusThe need for responsibility. Press Applicants for Cardiff must have at The Editor: Functions and laws, councils and codes. Pressures least three years practical experience responsibilities. The leading article. on freedom. in full-time journalism, arid as Quality and popular papers. Tie Management: Conflicts between instruction is given in English a good "entertainment" quotient. Political and management and editor. Sales and knowledge of the language is essential.economic policies. circulation. Personnel selection and News Editor: Organising a news desk.recruitment. Marketing, profit and loss. Beginning in 1966, the summer Control of staff, district and head Readership surveys. Space and course at Cardiff has been a specialist office. Future files. News sources and classified advertising. Promotion and one. in 1966, it dealt with sports writing contacts. Follow-up and investigative publicity. and editing; in 1967 it was industrial reporting. General topics Guest speakers cover and commercial journalism; and in Reporting : News gathering and . specialist topics and allied themes, 1968 agricultural journalism. The other writing. Interviewing. News story such as radio and television courses, dealing with advanced shapes and styles. The introduction. journalism, public relations, national journalism, have covered a wide range Specialist reporting. Use of library, and international news agencies, etc. of reporting and writing techniques, reference books and style books. Visits are made to places of interest, as well as instruction in sub-editing, Sub-editing : News values. Writing forusually including the Houses of news-editing, and design. The 1967 the reader. Checking and condensing. Parliament, the BBC, the Press autumn course was, however, The running story. Editionising and Association, Reuters News Agency, designed for "Tomorrow's Editors", copy control. Headline writing. Fleet Street newspapers, etc. 7 The Television Courses Preparation of commercials and slides.television distribution by carrier The two regular courses each year at Film assembly. systems; visit to Glasgow Corporation the Television College each carry During each course, every member of Educational Television studios. both an Engineering and a Production the Production stream conducts Week 13: Introduction to videotape stream. Either of these streams may practical exercises of increasing recording; demonstration of BBC be devoted to a specialist theme. difficulty and duration as programme methods of camera line-up; director, film director and transmission attachment to operational transmitter Details of courses are advertised controller. station. regularly in the quarterly journal Engineering Training : The Week 14: 2" and 1" videotape engineering training syllabus is recorders; fault-finding on Educational Television Internationalconstantly being modified to meet the miscellaneous equipment; engineering (formerly CETO News). Lists of the present -'!ay needs of overseas duties on production t, rcises; courses available are published stations. Following is the outline for a evening attachments k._ a local regularly by the British Council, 1968 course: broadcasting company's V.T.R. suite. UNESCO carries details in its Week 1: Assessment tests; personal Week 15: Introduction to colour internationally-circulated lists, and the interviews; revision lectures on basic television. Fault-finding on Asian Broadcasting Union Newsletter electronics; block schematic of small miscellaneous vision equipment; gives details. In addition, the television stations. engineering duties on production Foundations own newspaper, Scope, Week 2: 625/525 line scanning exercises; final test paper. carries advance publicity. systems; basic studio lighting techniques; safety regulations (fire and When new specialist courses are first aid lectures). under consideration Heads of Week 3: Photographic theory; basic Stations and their training officers are filming and editing techniques using notified directly from the College. sound and silent film cameras; Applications for any course should transistor theory. be received by the Thomson Week 4: Transistor circuit theory; Foundation (address below) three building practical transistor amplifiers; months before the starting date of the processing motion picture film ; film course. equipment maintenance; 35 mm still camera, developing and printing; Under certain circumstances progress assessment test. sponsoring stations can apply for the Week 5: Television camera tube payment of their candidate's fare to theoryImage Orthicon, Vidicon, and from Britain to be made out of Plumbicon; modern microphones and Technical Assistance Funds. In these sound balancing techniques; cases the applications are channelled transmission control exercises; through local government Ministries detailed use of oscilloscopes; visit to to the British Embassy or High Scottish Television studios to see Commission and thence to the Master Control operations. Ministry of Overseas Development in Week 6: Video amplifier techniques; London. the D.C. component of a television waveform; D.C. restorers; D.C. clamps; Television College Syllabus practical lighting exercises; C.C.U. Production Training: Lectures, vision control practice. lecture/demonstrations and practical Week 7: Camera channels Gamma exercises are carried out on the and Aperture correction; telecine following: considerations when using positive Television terminology. and negative film; line-up of 3" I.O. Studio cameras (Vidicon and Image and Vidicon camera channels; tube Orthicon). testing procedures using test card 52. Television sound. Week 8: Vision mixers and effects Lighting. units: stabilising amplifiers; line up of Vision mixing. 44." I.O. camera channels; tube testing Studio control room operation. and assessing using test cards and Master control room operation. diascopes; investigating the grey scale Programme breakdown procedures. and colour response of I.O. and Graphics and basic design. Vidicon tubes; visit to BBC Glasgow Announcing and continuity. studios; mid-term test. Discussion and interview techniques. Week 9: Oscilloscopes and vision test Scripting. equipment; television monitors and News presentation. intercarrier receivers; equipment News magazine programmes. performance tests using sine pulse and Advertising magazines. bar methods. Light entertainment. Week 10: Scan deflection systems Drama. and E.H.T. generation; synchronising Programme planning. pulse generators; fault-finding in Programme budgeting. video amplifiers and television Station administration. monitors; visit to a nuclear power Fire precautions. station. First Aid. Week 11: V.H.F. television Film Instruction Includes: transmitters; aerials and feeders; The basic theory of film. fault-finding on camera channels and Use of film in television. stabilising amplifiers; television Practical exercises in: presentation and administration. Shooting silent and sound 16 mm. Week 12: U.H.F. transmitters, Editing. specifications for colour transmission; Dubbing. S.H.F. links; engineering duties on Telecine loading. production course exercises; progress Basic elements of film processing. assessment test; introduction to wired 8 SELECTION OF TRAINEES

Applications for Thomson Foundation only people who are actively engaged Assistance Funds, the applications are Fellowships are made by candidates in the Press or television and who are channelled through British Embassies on prescribed forms. These are returning to their own countries after overseas to the Ministry of Overseas processed in the first instance by the training to apply their new skills. Development in London. applicant's employers whether The application forms are then sent Selection is made by a small panel television or Press and a senior to the Foundation, either direct by the which meets about three months before executive must certify that the newspapers or television organisations,each course. Applications should be applicant is worthy of overseas or, if it is more convenient or in with the Foundation at least three training and that he will be taken back accordance with the policies of their months beforehand. Television into their employment on completion countries, they may be forwarded courses normally begin on March 1st of training. through government channels. Where and September 1st of each year. This is very important, because it is the overseas sponsors are also Journalism courses begin in the policy of the Foundation to train looking for help from U.K. Technical January, April and September.

Members of TV-7 putting on their newly presented Thomson Foundation ties. TRAINING TV PERSONNEL

The Thomson Foundation Television committee be appointed to advise them by the course from these, and local College, at Kirkhill House, Newton on the training syllabus. (Names of the film prodded by members of the Mearns, near Glasgow, provides Trustees, Board of Governors and course, were recorded and played back further training in production and Syllabus Committee are on pages 4-6). for comparison with BBC and ITN engineering for working television The Syllabu Committee meets news bulletins. staff from overseas stations. regularly under the chairmanship of This illustrates the effort made at the The training scheme includes free the Principal of the College, and a Television College to provide facilities board and lodging at the College, member of the committee visits and conditions comparable to the out-of-pocket expenses and other Kirkhill House during the later stages surroundings from which the course miscellaneous costs incurred during of each course to interview the participants are drawn. the courses. The only cost not borne trainees individually so that the Television News was the first main by the Foundation is the fare to and curriculum can be kept under constant subject for specialised study and two from the United Kingdom. Under review, to ensure that it meets the complete courses have been devoted certain circumstances aid with paymentneeds of the overseas stations from to it. In addition, a four-week extension of passages can be obtained from which the College draws its to Course TV.9 in July, 1968, was made British Technical Assistance funds, participants. for the study of television lighting and details of which are available from Course TV.3, which began on design. The participants were Embassies, High Commissions and March 1, 1965, marked the beginning of selected from both engineering and British Council offices. several new features which have production trainees on the main Most countries setting up their own remained constant since then. These course, and in the limited time television service find that the main were: available for study of such specialised prJblem is the provision of trained a. The number of participants was subjects every effort was made to staff. Usually there is no ready source increased from 12 to 20 for each arouse the awareness of the members of even semi-skilled personnel, since course. to the very great improvement that can for the most part there is no b. A television engineering stream be made in picture quality and established film industry from which was added to run concurrently with composition with the use of even to draw people trained in visual the production stream of training. limited facilities and expertise. communications. Practical training in c. The duration of each course was situ is extremely difficult since increased from 12 to 16 weeks, with Engineering Training equipment for the new stations is two courses scheduled for each The main difference in terms of usually in the process of installation year, starting always on March 1 personnel between the engineering right up to the opening transmissions and September 1. and production streams is perhaps the and, thereafter, the day to day pressured. The College became residential. wide range of academic experience of programme output limits any kind of (Members of TV.1 and TV.2 had among the engineering participants. systematised training. been boarded out in Glasgow The need for further training in The Thomson Foundation Television hotels). television engineering overseas is so College was designed to meet this great that it is difficult to insist on need and to provide a centre at which Production Training inflexible minimum qualifications. overseas production staff and Courses TV.3 to TV.6 inclusive The difference in background technicians could receive further followed much the same pattern, with training creates an exacting task for specialised operational training. the production stream receiving our engineering lecturers, though with The first course (TV.1) began in training in general basic techniques. two permanent lecturers on the staff February, 1964, and ran for 12 weeks. Then there began, on March 1, 1967, and an average engineering stream of It was followed after a very short break the first specialist course (TV.7), for six to eight trainees, a considerable by course TV.2, which ran until the end Television News Editors. Such was the amount of time can be given to of July, 1964. Twelve participants success of this course that the individual problems. attended each of these two courses, subsequent demand for places made The Foundation is very appreciative which were to a certain degree the Trustees decide that the second of the co-operation that the College regarded as "pilot" courses. Both specialist course should again be receives in its engineering training courses were confined to men and devoted to television news. This was from the BBC and Scottish Television women destined for, or already workingTV.10, which began on September 1, in Glasgow, who readily agree to visits in, television services. Eighteen 1968, with the production stream again by our trainees to their technical areas; nationalities were represented in the devoted to Television News Editors. to the Independent Television total of 24 members 11 being For these news courses, the College Authority, who accept groups on short Commonwealth countries. received invaluable assistance from attachments to their transmitter at There was no course from August the Press Association, who installed Blackhill; to Paisley College of 1964 until March 1,1965. During this teleprinter feeds into the specially Technology for occasional lectures in period an extensive building designed newsroom. This was also specialist subjects; and to the programme was carried out which equipped with a Communications Glasgow Education Department included a new 2,000 sq. ft. studio with Receiver, several combinations of Television Service for accepting ancillary control gallery; rooms for recording devices, and an ex-directory groups to study the particular problems editing and dubbing films; afilm GPO telephone line over which a of Aired relay. library; and a readjustment of the Scottish national daily provided a In the summer of 1966, at the entire technical layout of the original simulated news service. One of the request of the Libyan Government, the Master Control area. news editors under training was Foundation accepted six young At the same time, a large attached to the newspaper each day to technicians from the Arts and Crafts accommodation block was built with provide practice in selecting local School, Tripoli, for a special course in 20 study/bedrooms, bathrooms, news stories and telephoning through basic e!ectronics, with a view to their showers and utility rooms for laundry, "copy". becoming junior technical operators in etc. Newsfilm, both national and the proposed Libyan television service. After the end of Course TV.2 the international, was supplied by the two The average age of the group was 18 College Board of Governors national television newsfilm services, years. recommended to the Trustees of the UPITN and Visnews, by air from The course was additional to the Thomson Foundation that a small London each day. Bulletins prepared normal engineering courses. A 10 temporary lecturer was engaged to projection of trainees' own material. effort to keep in contact. Various assist the existing staff, and the The objective is to demonstrate basic publications that are mailed regularly Libyan Government contributed a technical data and processes, and to include Educational Television large proportion of the cost of the get members to apply the principles in International (formerly CETO News), course, which lasted eight months. It practice. It is not intended to turn out the journal of the Scottish ended in March, 1967. To the best of qualified film technicians, but to Educational Film Association, articles our knowledge four of the six were provide enough knowledge to enable of interest from the trade press, the employed in the Libyan Radio programme directors and engineers to Strand Electric Company's booklet on Service on their return, and one on a talk with qualified authority to the Lighting for Television, and the closed circuit television system at professional film man. Foundation's own journalist trainees' Wheeler's Field airbase. Attachments, other than day visits paper, Scope. The Libyan Television Service was to STV and BBC in Glasgow and the Every two years a questionnaire is inaugurated at the end of 1968, and we ITA's transmitter at Blackhill, are not sent out to every former trainee asking hope to hear that all six of these normally included in the syllabus for for word of their present job, whether young trainees are now being engaged other than specialist courses. There they are receiving the periodicals that in the service. have been occasions, however, when it are mailed to them, and other was felt that, after a course at the information which helps the College Aims of Training College, a particularly talented to assess the value of the course in the The College has all the necessary individual would benefit from a week orlight of the subsequent career of the operational facilities to give its two spent as an observer in the trainee. There was a response of just students a concentrated course of atmosphere of a working station. The over 50 per cent to the last training, uninterrupted by the daily ITV companies and the BBC questionnaire, sent out in September, demands of an operational station. co-operate readily with these requests. 1968. The aim is to provide the opportunity At the end of a course each to practise television production, participant receives a certificate, and a Cost of Training technical studio operations, studio confidential report is sent to the Head The capital cost of setting up the engineering, sound and mute filming, of his stationthe sponsor with a College with its studios, technical the essentials of programme planning copy to the trainee. The confidential areas, lecture rooms and and station administration in a reports are written by each of the main accommodation has been about professionui atmosphere and under lecturers with a summary by the £135,000. the guidance of experienced Principal. The courses are not The per capita cost of putting one practitioners. competitive in that there is no system trainee through a 16-week course All production training given at the of pass or fail, but in every field of which includes a final week in College depends on the members of human endeavour some individuals Londonis now £1,250. the course acting in turn as members show more aptitude than others. The This finance is drawn from the of a standard studio crew. This main thought in the minds of the original endowment of the Thomson provides maximum all-round College staff when assessing an Foundation. The figures would be experience, with each individual individual's performance is that he or considerably larger were it not for the working in turn as programme she is an employee a professional great co-operation that the Foundation director, cameraman, presenter, who is in television as a livelihood, and receives in its training projects from scriptwriter, floor manager, vision short of gross incompetence or many quarters. Equipment and services mixer, and so on. In the smaller studiosmisdemeanour on a course then the of considerable value have been of the type found in most of the final report should not in any way donated or loaned by The Marconi developing television services a full jeopardise the individual's job. Company Limited, Chappell Music studio crew usually numbers about 12. This attitude places a very proper Publishing Company, Agfa-Gaevert, The training must therefore he onus upon the employer or sponsor to Independent Television News, sufficiently individual to cover all the see that the right type of individual is Mole-Richardson, Newman and different job requirements. selected for training. Only a very small Guardia Limited, Robert Rigby The early part of a course is proportion of the College intake Limited and Scottish Television occupied by familiarising the members consists of people with no previous Limited, and other firms. with the studio equipment and its television broadcasting experience, UPITN and Visnews regularly operation. The group is then ready to and the time has now come when local provide their syndicated film services, prepare short programmes. Each Training Officers should know their and the BBC and ITV companies are person is given a subject on which to staff well enough to bear a large part ready sources of expertise. mount afive-minute programme of the responsibility for the potential The Thomson Foundation's purpose exercise; the trainee researches the performance of their candidates while stated in the Trust Deed is "the subject, writes the script, selects the undergoing further training. advancement of knowledge and visuals and, with the rest of the group One other important responsibility spiritual enlightenment of all peoples, as crew, directs the programme, which of the sponsor is to ensure that his enabling them to achieve closer is recorded on videotape and played candidate is fully aware of the reason understanding and to play an informed back for assessment. why he has been selected for a course. and responsible role in the affairs of Throughout the course, emphasis is There is a tendency for trainees to their nation and the world." To this on improving each member's skill in assume that promotion will end, the Foundation's activities are the planning, preparation, presentation automatically follow completion of a primarily concerned with education in and direction of programmes of course. The College impresses upon emergent countriesparticularly increasingly higher standard that participants that they are being through the development of modern inform and entertain the viewer. provided with a training course which, techniques of mass communication. Members of the course are if they take full advantage of it, will The aim at the Television College is to encouraged to watch the major improve their performance in whatever provide courses in the working of documentary current affairs role they filled before they left home. television engineering and production programmes transmitted by the BBC They are told that only by practical and to give staff from overseas and ITV networks and to discuss the demonstration of their improved ability television stations, who are normally production techniques with the can they then expect advancement. But too busy with their everyday problems, instructors. it would help to prevent much dis- a chance to improve their techniques The success of any television appointment among staff on their returnby practice and observation in station depends to a large extent on home if this was made clear to them surroundings that are comfortable but good filming, and the college gives before they left to attend a course. not lavish, and with equipment that is comprehensive training in shooting Once a trainee has returned home, effective but not beyond the means of film, editing and dubbing, and the the Foundation makes considerable the average television service. The Television Syllabus Advisory BBC expert was to ensure that the courses. Mr. Bloomer was thus in Committee Television College was giving the best charge of the training of 158 of the 182 On December 15, 1964, Mr. H. V. Sims, possible training, and that its men and women from developing head of the Engineering Maintenance standards were maintained at the countries who took part in the ten Section, BBC Engineering Training highest possible level. Mr. Sims made courses held at the College up to the Department, joined a special firm proposals for improving the end of 1968. committee set up by the Board of methods of traininggreater use of Replacing Mr. Bloomer is Mr. Trustees of the Thomson Foundation prepared slides or transparencies on William Meikle, who served with the to advise on the syllabus for courses atan overhead projector, for instance, BBC in both sound radio and the Televi; ion College. instead of blackboard drawings and television from 1935 to 1968 and his last discussed the general wish of the He had further meetings with the appointment was that of External students that the course be made Services Producer. committee, inspected facilities at the longer than 16 weeks. If that were not Television College, and in January, Another member of the Television possible, then the syllabus should College staff during the past three 1965, submitted a lengthy report remain unaltered. containing his recommendations for years who has since left was the both the syllabus of training, and for "The course was obviously a most Senior Lecturer in Engineering, the special equipment needed for successful one," was his final Mr. M. W. (Tim) Heffernan, who has training in television. comment. joined the Mass Media Centre in **The members of the syllabus Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, as chief The expert knowledge Mr. Sims was advisory committee for the Thomson engineer. able to bring to the discussions played Foundation Television College are Replacing Mr. Heffernan as Senior no small part in enabling the college to Messrs. D. O'D. McClory, H. V. Sims, Lecturer in Engineering is Mr. William start its extended training courses and T. Singleton. Kirkwood, who was a lecturer under knowing it was properly equipped to Mr. Heffernan until the latter's deal with the many problems it would Television College Staff resignation. Mr. Kirkwood joined the undoubtedly face. The principal of the Thomson Foundation in 1966 from the BBC in But Mr. Sims' advice and help did Foundation Television College has a Glasgow, where he worked on the not end there. He has visited Kirkhill permanent staff of instructors, servicing of electronic sound and during every course, and as an consisting of two senior men one in television equipment. At the Television independent expert has investigated charge of television production coursesCollege, he has specialised in training the progress of the engineering and one in charge of television in television lighting, in addition to students, and the successor engineering trainingeach being engineering lecturing. otherwiseof the training methods assisted by a qualified engineer, one Other members of the staff are: being used at Kirkhill. of whom is responsible for instructing Mr. Humphrey Barron, senior in technical operations, while the other production lecturer, on secondment Typical of his visits to Kirkhill was is responsible for the engineering to the Thomson Foundation from the the one made in June, 1968, while group of trainees. Further Education Department of the course TV.9 was in progress. On the A qualified graphics artist looks after BBC, where he was a television first day of his visit he had discussions the visual aids department, and there producer. Previously he was producer with the Principal, members of the are two laboratory technicians who of current affairs, news and staff, and some students on the work on first-line equipment agricultural features with the BBC in syllabus of lectures and practical work, maintenance, one on film and the other Northern Ireland. A graduate in and on the progress and application of on electronic equipment. biology of Queens University, Belfast, the students. Although the permanent teaching he lectured at the University for five On the following day he interviewed staff has had a wide range of practical years before joining the BBC. He four studentstwo from Ghana, one experience in television production andconducted a three-month training from Ethiopia, and one from the engineering, both in Britain and course in television for All India Radio Philippines. In his report Mr. Sims overseas, nevertheless it is necessary while with the BBC, and since joining stated: "I informed each student of the from time to time to call in specialists the Thomson Foundation staff in 1967 purpose of the interview and to talk about their own fields of has spent four months training in examined his course notes, checking operation. The Foundation has Pakistan. occasionally by means of discussion received extremely welcome assistanceMr. James McIntyre, production whether salient points had been from the BBC and ITV, and experts lecturer, has been with the Thomson appreciated and understood. I asked from both are regular guest speakers. Foundation since 1964. He spent two many questions concerning experience Also, the trainees are readily accepted years with the Royal Air Force and background; previous fundamentalfor occasional attachments to servicing radar equipment, then three and practical training; nature of work commercial stations and the BBC. years in the design and development anticipated on return to station; Also, there are many educational of electronic instruments for a large relevance of the course material to pasttelevision systems operating in firm of mechanical engineers in and future work; progress made on the Glasgow, to provide sources of Glasgow, before joining the Thomson course; particular difficulties (e.g., use expertise and technical facilities for theFoundation. At Kirkhill he specialises of mathematics, or unfamiliar Kirkhill courses. in the technical facilities used by the symbols); any possible lack of During the period covered by this production stream of trainees. He has comprehension due to language, report, the Principal at the Television also conducted local television training accent, or use of colloquialisms; College has been Mr. Guy Bloomer. for the Cyprus Broadcasting note-taking; exercises and tutorials; His resignation, effective in January, Corporation and the Ethiopian practical work in the form of projects, 1969, will end more than four years Television Service. maintenance and operations; association with the Foundation, Mr. Ritchie Pearson, Lecturer in co-operation with production students during which time he has played a Engineering joined the staff of the during common working periods; major part in building the Television Foundation in February 1967 from the syllabus and timetables; length of the College to its present eminent position BBC. He had been with the BBC since course; general conditions of study, as one of the best television training finishing his National Service in the relaxation and accommodation. colleges in the world. R.A.F. He specialises in transmitters. "I encouraged the students to make Mr. Bloomer, now with the film Miss Sheila MacDonald is in charge any suggestions they felt might bcnefit production division of the Rank of teaching graphic design at the future courses and to speak without Organisation, was appointed principal Television College. She holds a fear or favbur of their training and life of the Television College in October, diploma of art from the Glasgow at Kirkhill House." 1964, when the college was being School of Art and has been with the The purpose of these visits from a rebuilt and enlarged after its pilot Foundation since 1967.

12 Guest Lecturers at the Television College. Guest lecturers, who have contributed greatly to thesuccess of the television training courses since 1964, were: Organisation Lecturer Subject Organisation Lecturer Subject British Council, A. G. Hamer Introduction to I.T.A. Peter Firth Transmitter Glasgow D. Chislett Glasgow operations D. Waterhouse A. Graham Control of TV BBC Scotland A. Stewart The BBC advertising in R. MacLean Organisation of Great Britain magazine John Lindsey The Independent programmes Television J. Kemp Local TV news Authority services Alan James TV Transmitter A. Henderson Picture quality stations control Blair Scott The I.T.A. S. Powe VTR equipment A. Skinner Combining units J. McQuillan Lighting for and diplexors television D. Lyford TV translators J. Morrans Sync pulse K. Peace Klystrons and generators diode modulation J. Laurie Graphic design O.V.A.C. Dan Harvey Visual aids for TV in television C.E.T.O. Torn Singleton Educational TV B. Meikle The U.S.A. The facilities of BBC external C. E.T.O. services Laurie Lawler The works of G. Ferguson Lighting C. E.T.O. 1. Dunn Sound in television I.T.N. Sir Geoffrey CoxTheory and D. Miller OB broadcasting practice of the base TV interview BBC TV G. del Strother Supply and Patrick Ridett The international Enterprises selection of newsfilm agency recorded and its services programmes David NicholasTechniques of from Britain TV interviewers Scottish D. Johnstone Magazine Hugh WhitcombCompiling news Television programmes bulletins News and current Andrew GardnerA day in the life affairs of a newscaster Outside U.P.I.T.N. Norman DicksonThe iv:wly formed broadcasts news service Setting up a news Glasgow Corpn. H. Wylie Educational TV dept. ETV Service in the USA Special adviser to H. Schmiel Carrier News course distribution of L. Hood TV light wired TV entertainment The ScotsmanJ. Wallace Stills David ReynoldsPresentation photography techniques Transmission T.T. (I) Cedric WilliamsFilm in TV control John CordeauxSound in radio TV networking in and TV UK Announcing Noel StevensonThe impact of TV techniques Peter AlexanderSimple TV design Interviewing Walter HaywardAdvertising in TV Sound equipment Pharic MacLarenTV Drama Abdul Khanu ATV engineer Production among comouters Jim Bulloch TV sound and Computer sound equipment techniques Jim Fyfe Lighting for TV Glasgow Roderick Closed circuit D. Duncan TV design University MacLean educational TV F. Ford TV camera work Grampian TV Alex Mair Station Ian Yates Presentation management and Bill Carson Makeup for TV administration S. McPhail VTR principles Granada P. Crookshank Supply and and practice (London) selection of J. Potts Vision link recorded TV principles programmes A. Macarthur Design in TV from Britain Phil Johnson Commercial slide production Western Area Firefighting and R. J. Potts Vision links Fire Brigade fire prevention Campbell LennieTV scriptwriting St. Andrews First aidwith Lewis Hynd Programme Ambulance particular budgeting Association reference to Arthur MontfordSports reporting electric shocks on TV Channel TV Brian Turner Transmission George Reid TV news control exercises Roderick The TV press Small station MacLeod officer's work operations 13 Organisation Lecturer Subject Organisation Lecturer Subject Paisley A. Mackenzie Transistors - T.T. (1) Ian McCulloch Good public Technical switching relations College currents Thomson Tony Crook News exercises B. Henderson Electricity and Foundation Magnetism Editorial Study Hysteresis Centre Don Rowlands Press and public experiment Pat Ward Script writing J. Evans Series of lectures Lloyd WilliamsLloyd Williams Planning an Visnews J. McConville Newsfilmicamera Associates outside work Broadcast J. Hartley The Visnews Advertising service magazine Tektronix W. Ness Oscilloscopes programmes Mole J. Price Luminaires Rediffusion TVJean Kemp- Drama Richardson (demonstration) Welch Productions Newman & Stanley Fitch Film processing David BoisseauDrama Guardia Productions Autocue H. Garrett Autocue Television MailRod Allen International equipment commercials (demonstration) Production Pye T.V.T. Derek Enderby Cameras developments in (demonstration) filmed K. Harris Theory and commercials practice of Rediffusion E. G. DerringtonThe organised television performer and interviewing overseas Ian Yates Planning an programme sales advertising Henry Federer Design magazine

The specially equipped News Room at Kithhill House. 14 Training TV News Editors Television News (now UPITN) and initially at Kirkhill. For the first three years of the Visnews, which provided the latest The enthusiastic response from the Thomson Foundation Television national and international film stories members of this course led to the College, the training given in television by air daily from London. Both these Thomson Foundation arranging a production was of a general nature andorganisations syndicate TV news film second course for television news covered the basic grammar of on a world-wide coverage, and the editors, starting on September 1, 1968. television studio and film techniques. editors under training at the college all The course was conducted on much By the end of each course a trainee received film regularly from either the same lines as the first one, but would have handled cameras, sound Visnews or UPITN at their home with greater concentration on and vision switching equipment; wouldstations. presenting news in depth. More time have researched, scripted and In addition to the large amount of was also spent on the methods of presented and directed programmes practical work during the course, research and the presentation of items of a straight-forward typeinterviews, discussions were held with a number for news magazines and discussions, magazine programmes of specialists who visited the college documentaries. that are the backbone of any TV to talk about their work. These The Editorial Study Centre service. included the managing editor and a co-operated in planning and staffing Late in 1965, the Trustees of the cameraman from Visnews; the both news courses. Mr. A. R. Crook Thomson Foundation, on the advice managing director of Newman and and Mr. R. C. K. Hollowood acted as of the College Board of Governors, Guardia (manufacturers of the Lawley lecturers at Kirkhill for part of the time. decided that a degree of further film processing machines), the sports specialisation was necessary and that editor of Scottish Television and its the greatest need lay in the field of TV public relations manager; and from Vacation Activities news. As a result, on March 1, 1967, UPITN a news editor, one of its top As a general rule, there is no course fourteen TV news editors from newscasters, and the sales director. for trainees from developing countries Barbados, Brazil, Cyprus, Ghana, With the course just over half way, at the Television College during Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, Nigeria, the editors spent two weeks away from January and February, nor from Trinidad, Turkey and Zambia, gathered the College on attachment to mid-June to the end of August. During at the college for a 16-week course. operational newsrooms of both the these periods the accommodation, It had been decided that one of the BBC and ITV. In several cases they lecture rooms and technical facilities greatest needs for editors working in were absorbed into the news unit for at Kirkhill House are available for use TV newsrooms was to have the the period of their visit, and were thus by outside organisations. opportunity to become familiar with able to work in the atmosphere of a Jordanhill College of Education, the handling of the equipment newsroom under constant daily acting as agent for other educational necessary for mounting a TV news pressure. During the final weeks of the establishments in Scotland, has held bulletin. Many of the editors had had course the practical exercises nine residential courses during these several years of TV news work, but contained many examples of practices periods. The following is an extract initially they had gone direct from a that had first been witnessed while the from an article in Educational TV newspaper and had never had time to editors were on attachment. International, written by Mr. David get first-hand experience of the There were, of course, problems in Butts, Principal Lecturer in Television possibilities and limitations of TV conducting a news course catering at Jordanhill: technical facilities. For this reason a for editors of so many different "Our college is lucky in being able to great deal of time was spent in nationalities. It was not reasonable, for make occasional use of the excellent shooting and editing film so that, on instance, to expect a man from Turkey training facilities at the Thomson return to their home stations, the or Brazil to do accurate sub-editing in Foundation College, near Glasgow. editors would be better equipped to English, but careful allocation of work Twice a year, we run practical talk with authority to their news film duties helped to circumvent these workshop courses on 'Television in cameramen. difficulties. There was also a Education' for teachers, college In addition to the normal technical difference of opinion on the length of a lecturers, LEA administrators and HM facilities, a news room was set up news item, or the overall length of a inspectors. In a week, we can do little specially for the course, containing news bulletindifferences that arose more than stimulate enthusiasm, start teleprinter services kindly provided by from individual station policy in their discussion and teach the outline the Press Association, a short wave own countries. grammar of television production; but radio communication receiver, Post But it was emphasised that, whether these courses are attended by busy Office telephones, recording devices, a news item was short or long, men and women who would find it and the usual newsroom essentials accuracy of the item was of difficult to spare more than a week such as typewriters, etc. paramount importance. Accuracy, away from their own jobs. In the During the early weeks of the course, together with method of presentation summer, we also run a week's course each man was made familiar, through and effective use of technical on educational film-making. By taking a turn at all the essential jobs, facilities, were therefore the main working more or less round the clock with the film and studio facilities. points stressed throughout the course. (the difficulty is to get people to go to Lecture-room exercises in sub-editing The months following the end of the bed) each 'film crew' manages to taught the course the process of course brought encouraging evidence produce a five-minute film, complete putting words and pictures together. of its success. Innovations and with commentary and effects. If these By the end of the fourth week, short changes in methods of news courses have been judged successful, news bulletins were being produced, production were made after the editors much of the credit must go to the recorded on videotape, and played backreturned home. The two editors who residential environment of the for assessment by the instructors and came from the Ghana Broadcasting Television College and to the the group. Corporation were given the unstinting co-operation of the By the sixth week, the group was responsibility of directing the evening Thomson Foundation staff." producing a daily bulletin and as the bulletin thefirst time that news staff In addition, the National Council for course progressed so the bulletin were given this duty. The assistant the Training of Journalists held a increased in complexity. head of news of the Cyprus one-week course, in February, 1968. The average bulletin eventually Broadcasting Corporation adopted Independent Television News held contained local news items covered by features in the layout of a new one of their quarterly meetings of stills and 16 mm film, shot by members newsroom as a result of experience at regional news editors at the College in of the course; international and home the College. The current affairs 1967. news service provided by a Glasgow producer with Trinidad and Tobago Scottish Television held a one-day evening newspaper, and professionally Television Ltd. started new programmeseminar for drama scriptwriters in shot news film supplied by Independentformats based on ideas tried out January, 1968. 15 TRAINING OVERSEAS JOURNALISTS

In the first five years of its life, the newspapers, so that they could see recommendations and desires. The Editorial Study Centre in Cardiff has how others worked, learn from their Editorial Study Centre moved out of given courses to nearly 200 journalists methods, and go home with the Thomson House into its own compact from 57 different countries. The course qualification that they could claim to lecture room and library next door. The aims at providing, witho..:t political, have worked in Britain. novel triangular main room not only ideological or financial "strings", aid toThe intention was that, after a period gave the place its own characterit men and women working in developing of orientation and lectures, the pilot encouraged questions and discussion countries who are trying to raise group should spend most of their 12 and made it harder for a speaker to professional standards. It gives them weeks in Cardiff attached to the staffs lecture the group dogmatically and a chance for three months to stand of the Western Mail and South Wales remotely. back from their daily routine to compareEcho, the efficient morning and Stage Three: By now more contact their work with that of their evening papers published under ideal was being made with an ever-growing counterparts in other countries and to conditions in Thomson House. In fact, number of training institutes in the re-examine all they do. it soon became clear that this was not home countries. Staff members visiting The centre's main message is: Ask enough. Like newcomers everywhere, Asia and Africa and taking part in yourself"Why do we do it this way?" they had no local knowledge, and international conferences found many If the only answer is "Because that's could not go out of the office to chase local experts insisting that the the way we have always done it", then news stories, or even work on indiscriminate training of journalists it is surely time to change. someone else's raw copy, without away from their own countries could careful supervision. For those normally be wasteful, irrelevantand The basic syllabus, which is often occasionally even harmful. varied to take in courses for groups of working on English-language papers specialists, looks partly at basic the problems were less, but for those As competing aid programmes were issues, but concentrates mainly on who spoke good idiomatic English launched, in some countries potential techniques. It seeks to stimulate those without being used to writing it, a sensestudents were embarrassed by the who, often with no serious rival in their of remoteness crept in. number of opportunities available to city or country, tend to feel that just Executives of the two papers gave them to study at universities in the because their paper is the best their guests a warm welcome, but had United States, Russia, Europe and available it cannot be improved. It tries to carry on with their task of elsewhere. Some editors complained to teach some of the tricks of the trade producing seven or eight editions that a young reporter with only a which otherwise a good journalist daily. The visitors spent a lot of time, smattering of his craft returned with a might take years to acquire by trial and and learned something, by looking diploma in mass communications, but error. over shoulders. But there was rarely was still unable to write a simple news story. The staff in Cardiff try to suggest enough time to ask "Why?" The new ideas, rather than to lay down students did not get in the way as Significantly, the "students" rigid principles. They feel that their some had fearedbut only because themselves knew what they wanted. At greatest contribution is to help to make they realised how busy their hosts every end-of-course discussion in newspapers more interesting and more were. Cardiff where utter frankness is asked viable, free yet responsible, so that By the end of the pilot course it was for, the verdict was the same: Keep they may play a full part in obvious that while attachments had the courses as practical as possible, strengthening and reflecting the been useful and had not dislocated the show us new ideas and techniques, communities they represent. office seriously, (indeed the home and let us try them out. At the end of the first five years staffs enjoyed the novelty) they could So, extra lecturing staff were taken questionnaires were sent to all not run smoothly year in year out. on, guest lecturers became rarer and Cardiff "graduates". Replies revealed Stage Two began with the second rarer and more and more exercises that since their return home most had course. A director of studies and a were devised to test students' ability to been promoted, often to posts as deputy were appointed, and a set cope with typical newspaper situations editor, news editor, chief sub-editor, programme of nine weeks of lectures, under conditions of pressure. or heads of sections. And most discussions and exercises was laid Stage Four saw the seeds of these claimed that in small or large ways out, with a final three weeks of policies come into bloom. Courses they had been able to giVe their papers attachments. This worked much now were streamed much more what one called "the Cardiff touch". better; about half the main sessions carefully into the more experienced and were lectures given by guest speakers, Over the five years the main aim has the less. Minimum requirements were mostly the very executives from the raised and whenever possible a young been the same to talk about problems,two papers who before had not had to organise a scheme of training to applicant was referred to training time to explain what they were doing. centres in his own country or continent give practical help without paternalism One afternoon each week was devoted or patronage. Even in this short time before being considered for Cardiff. to outside experts on politics, trade There must always be exceptions to the pattern of journalism training in the unions, economic and social issues to third world has developed. The needs these rules in certain areas where give students a broader knowledge of there are as yet no other facilities. But of "students" coming to Britain has modern life in Britain. changed, and the staff have improved an experienced group of say ten their methods in the light of experience.On the early courses the range of professionals can usually carry two Much of this evolution has been students' experience and professional less experienced, but keen, people who gradual, but it falls into four main backgrounds was very wide. Young have been handicapped by lack of stages: reporters and senior editors, radio and opportunity. television newsmen, information Streaming led to a much higher Stage One began in September 1963 officers and magazine specialists average level of ability and position. with the arrival in Cardiff of eleven men exchanged ideas and theories. While Most "students" who come to Cardiff and one woman, from Africa and Asia, they gained an all-round picture of the now have at least one foot on the from the Arab world and the whole field of communication, promotion ladder; many are already Caribbean. They were only a handful inevitably there were topics in the well up it. The fruits of this policy are of the hundreds of journalists from syllabus with only limited appeal. obvious; a senior man findsit much overseas who over the years have The pattern began to change again, easier to initiate changesand sought an attachment to British in the light of students' improvements in his paperwhen he 16 goes home. He is more receptive to trying to uphold high standards againstThe Editorial Study Centre had made new techniques, as he is already every kind of attack, and working for one training film, "The Art of the master of his craft within his own the day when freer speech may be Interview", and had nearly completed sphere. He gets more benefit from allowed. We in Cardiff, whose a second. comparing his own paper with those newspaper careers have been The students live at International of his course colleagues, and with comparatively free of such violent House, Penarth, overlooking the sea studying the British press closely. He pressures, feel humble when enjoying about five miles from Cardiff. It is a is better able to benefit from travel and the trust and friendship of such men of pleasa,lt, modern hostel, occupied the less liable to the "culture shock" integrity, and privileged to be able to year round with doctors, teachers, which may so damage a young man's help them a little in their task. engineers and university students from sense of values as to leave him many countries. restless and unsettled on return home. Cardiff as a Training Centre From Penarth, the students commute The Cardiff syllabus has been Before the first group of Thomson Foundation journalism scholars daily by bus to Cardiff, where the strengthened to meet this challenge. A study centre, located on a busy new lecture room, library and offices arrived in Britain in 1963, an cross-roads right in the centre of the were opened in 1968, with a wide range important decision had to be made. Where were they to be trained? city, is far removed from a remote of audio-visual equipment and what is university atmosphere. claimed to be Britain's best collection The students were coming from developing countries, and mostly from The courses follow a general pattern, of contemporary books on press but no two courses are exactly the issues. The Foundation's first training newspapers with small circulations, by British standards. Was Fleet Street the same, as adaptations are made to suit film "The Art of the Interview" was the particular needs of each group. completedpart of the continuing right place for a school of journalism? Could the students learn much of valueBut the basic instruction is the same process of assistance to training in each case lectures, demonstrations, institutes and centres overseas. from newspapers with multi-million circulations, when the problems of analysis and discussion, practical Copies were sent to various countries; exercises and tests, all designed to so were supplies of "The News their own papers were so vastly different? cover the many aspects of gathering Machine" a first edition of a bound news and features, writing them, collection of lecture notes. The Thomson Foundation set up subbing them, writing headlines and In this year the lecturing staff was an advisory committee to make making-up pages; learning how to increased to four, with two secretaries, preliminary recommendations. It handle readers' letters, and to cope with the work of organising decided, first, that London was no illustrations; and how to cover sports, three twelve-week courses and one place in which to teach overseas or politics, or Courts, or agriculture. three-week seminar each year, the journalists. They look at the editor's roleand the constant updating of lecture and So the party of 12 pioneer students, manager's, the circulation manager's exercise material, and the ever-growingfrom Africa, India, the Caribbean and and the advertising manager'sand contact with other countries, the Middle East, went to Cardiff. For get some insight into the exciting new organisations and individuals. there Lord (then Roy) Thomson had printing and production methods Organising and taking part in two thriving daily papers being sweeping the newspaper industry. produced in a modern office. overseas seminars gave the staff, and Cardiff provides experts from lecturers specially recruited for the Also, Cardiff is a cosmopolitan Thomson House, next door to the venture, invaluable insight into the university city, capital of Wales, Study Centre, as guest speakers on difference between abstract talk about renowned for its hospitality to editorial, management, circulation and the role of the press and the realities strangers, with a milder climate than advertising subjects; and towards the of often quite desperate struggles to most of the rest of Britain, and less end of each course students are keep newspapers going against great than 21 hours by train from London. attached for a few days to various odds. A programme of lectures was departments of the Western Mail and Of the hundreds of newspapers the arranged. The group listened to Echo. But the centre is close enough Foundation staff have visited in their editors, news editors, chief sub-editors,to London for occasional guest first five years' operations, some are leader writers, features editors and speakers to visit Cardiff to talk about superbly equipped; others are sports editors, talking about the way specialised journalistic subjects unbelievably crude. Some publishers they worked and answering questions. Sunday newspaper production, the in emerging countries can afford the But the major part of the course Press Council, typography, most modern equipment. Others are consisted of attachment to the two investigative reporting, the producing hand-written small sheets newspapers produced at Thomson Parliamentary Press Gallery, Reuters; on presses almost a century old, yet House, Cardiff. etc. struggling always to raise standards. The course had only a limited But although the training centre is at The staff has never thought it their success. Thomson House was Cardiff, care is taken that those function to urge professional producing 150,000 evening papers in visiting Britain for the first time do get journalists to risk liberty, livelihood andsix editions, and 100,000 morning a balanced picture of what life is like even life by making their newspapers papers in eight editions daily. The in the whole country. Besides a more outspoken in the face of staff just did not have the time to make detailed study of the British Press oppression. How far a journalist dares explanationsand for a student it was which at least gives them a picture of to speak and print the truth is a matter not enough to see something done; the events regarded as newsworthy in for each man's own conscience; in he also had to understand why. Britainthe students are given a Cardiff many reveal in confidence how From that pilot course, certain four-day break about the middle of the hard it is to resist pressures from the lessons became obvious. A proper course, during which time they can law, from politicians and from centre must be set up, working still in go to any part of the country they like commercial sources, how hard it is to close liaison with the newspapers, but the only condition being that they reconcile their instinct for free speech with its own staff and syllabus. Mr. write an article on their return on some with their knowledge of their own new D. G. H. Rowlands, Editor of the aspect of their visit. Those articles are country's need for stability and Western Mail, was asked to take over later published in the course solidarity. as its director. newspaper Scope. Some of Cardiff's "graduates" are By the end of 1968, the Director of Also, at the end of the course, the now in exile from their own lands, the Editorial Study Centre had three students are taken to London for about some now find it impossible to remain staff lecturers, two secretaries, filing a week, during which time they are practising journalists, others have had cabinets full of records, lecture notes, taken to places of interest they might their offices and homes the subject of visual aid material, press cuttings, and not be able to visit as individuals a violence. Many more struggle on, newspapers from all over the world. tour of Parliament, for example, or a 17 visit to Reuters, the London docks, the Subjects covered, both in formal initial problem was to plan a syllabus Stock Exchange, a national newspaper, lectures by the staff and in group which took into account the varied the BBC television studios, or the discussion, include news evaluation, experience of those taking part - some Smithfield meat market. news writing, feature writing, were already engaged in agricultural investigation journalism, newspaper journalism, while others were general Then a farewell party is held at design, the editor's responsibilities, reporters. Thomson House, London, on the last and Press Councils. It was therefore decided to show the night, and diplomas are presented to course the kinds of stories and the members of the course. Sports Editors features that could be written on The Cardiff Editorial Study Centre The year 1966 will long be remembered agricultural subjects, and also give seems oddly quiet for a few weeks. as an outstanding one for sport in them some basic understanding of Then, one Friday afternoon twelve Britain. The crowded fixture lists in agricultural subjects that had some strangers arrive for the new course. many fields were reflected in the courserelevance to their own countries. It is surprising how quickly they held at the Editorial Study Centre in become converted from strangers into the summer of that year. Visits were made to farms, research friends. stations, agricultural shows, and For course J.9 was the first training agricultural machinery and equipment The CPU Courses course organised in Britain firms; films on farming subjects were The Commonwealth Press Union in specifically for overseas journalists widely used; guest speakers from 1960 established a scheme of specialising in writing about sport. many firms and organisations concerned with agriculture or health in educational travel fellowships within The programme, adapted from the the British Commonwealth to enable Britain were asked to assist; and a regular advanced journalism syllabus, large collection was made of books, young newspapermen to obtain covered all aspects of sport and sports first-hand knowledge and experience brochures, and pamphlets dealing with reporting. It ranged from extending the agricultural subjects in many of conditions of life and methods of participants' all-round knowledge of journalism in some part of the major and minor sports, and of the countries. Commonwealth other than the country techniques involved in covering them, The course was a very busy one for in which they normally live and work. to the evaluation and production of the participants, for the basic syllabus From the beginning of the Thomson special issues for sports events. of journalism training was still Foundation, the Commonwealth Press covered - news and feature writing, The advance planning was in the sub-editing, make-up, etc. - but Union had offered its advice and hands of J. Cardownie, Senior Lecturer assistance in establishing the exercises were given an agricultural at the Editorial Study Centre, and met bias. Editorial Study Centre in Cardiff, and with a tremendously warm response the opportunity came in 1965 to repay from sports organisers and writers A typical approach was that given to the CPU for its co-operation. throughout Britain, despite their very milk production. On Monday, May 6, In that year a Commonwealth Arts heavy commitments. the Welsh Regional Manager of the Festival was held in Britain. Cardiff was British Milk Marketing Board, Mr. one of the centres, and the Director of The basic professional and David John, talked to the course on the Editorial Study Centre suggested production subjects - story marketing aspects of milk production. that the CPU fellowship holders of construction, sub-editing, headline- On the following day, Mr. Roland 1965 spend two weeks at a seminar writing, interviewing, etc. - were Brooks, agricultural correspondent of during the festival. included in the syllabus, but most of the Western Mail, Cardiff, talked about the programme had a heavy sports national aspects of dairy farming in The Foundation conducted the accent. Much of the work was done Britain. seminar, from September 13 to 24, outside the lecture room, as many 1965. Ten journalists from eight visits were paid to sporting fixtures of Documentary films of dairy farm countries took part. all kinds. operations and specialised feeding techniques were shown to the course Each of the CPU Fellows submitted Though some of the sports were new to some members of the course, the on the morning of Wednesday, May 8, a report, prior to returning to their own after which the regional countries, on their six months' visit to visits were combined with exercises, and so the course was taught, for the representatives of Silcocks Ltd., a big Britain. Among their comments were: agricultural feedstuffs firm, Messrs "Cardiff: Useful and interesting"; first time, how to report cricket matches or athletic events. D. H. Jones and W. H. Crossman, "Cardiff seminar: Excellent. Best part accompanied the course in a coach to of the whole programme"; "Cardiff: It was a very crowded three months, two dairy farms in South Wales. Best part of the course, most but those taking part in the course enjoyable and valuable, a must for next agreed on its great value, in The course talked to the farmers, year"; "The seminar on journalism developing their all-round ability as discussed their production methods, provided by the Thomson Foundation journalists, sharpening their skill as obtained detailed figures on costs, and was most rewarding. In a space of sports specialists, and giving them had modern milking and sterilising ten days, the journalists were able to ideas on how to improve sporting and equipment demonstrated. discuss almost all aspects of physical recreation facilities in their The articles written by each member newspaper work. I would have wished own countries. to have a longer seminar, say three of the course on the farm operations weeks, during which time a more were discussed in tutorials, and the Agricultural Journalism best article kept for publication in the thorough discussion of the problems The course held at the Editorial confronth.g newspapers could be Study Centre, Cardiff, in the summer course's issue of Scope. discussed." of 1968 was for journalists specialising A similar approach was followed The favourable reaction to the in agriculture, and the allied subjects with other aspects of agricultural seminar by the first group of CPU of food and health. It was held from journalism. Films or slides, Fellows made it inevitable that it would April 29 to July 18, 1968. accompanied by explanatory lectures, be repeated and extended to three either by staff or guest lecturers, The course, for two women and ten preceded visits to outside weeks. In 1966, it was held from men, from ten countries, was September 3 to 16, in 1967 from organisations or farms, so that the organised by staff lecturer L. W. Riley, course would have a good August 14 to September 2, and in 1968 whose previous experience in from July 15 to August 2. understanding of what they were going journalism included several years of to see - and write about. During the time they are in Cardiff, agricultural journalism, and the the Fellows have what is, in effect, a assistant editorship of an agricultural Highlights of these visits were those course in advanced journalism. weekly published in Fleet Street. His made to Hereford, as guests of the 18 Hereford Breed Society, to see Hereford beef cattle; to the headquarters of Wright Rain Ltd., near Salisbury, to see irrigation equipment in operation; to the Bath and West Agricultural Show; to see intensive turkey and chicken production by Sun Valley Poultry Ltd., Hereford; and as a climax to the course, a two-day visit to the Royal Show at Kenilworth and the nearby plant and training school of Massey-Ferguson farm equipment manufacturers. At the start of the course, each participant was asked to make a detailed study of some aspect of agriculture, pamphlets, books or other information being made available by the Editorial Study Centre. Again, articles on each subject had to be written either for class discussion or for Scope. This detailed study was in addition to the normal work of the course, and was intended to give each participant experience in digging deeply into a particular subject, beyond what could be conveyed in the broader syllabus of the course. The subjects covered in this project were: Dairy farm techniques of milk production; operation of agricultural marketing boards; intensive production of poultry meat; egg production; use of fertilisers to increase food production; breeding to produce better animals and crops; control of disease and pests in livestock and crops; irrigation; farmers' organisations; production of concentrates and compound feeds; mechanisation on the farm; agricultural training and colleges; agricultural shows; agricultural research; food preservation (canning, freeze-drying, etc.); the threats to tropical agriculture from substitutes (cotton, cane sugar, jute, etc.). The following guest lecturers played an important part in making the course a success: David John, regional manager, Milk Marketing Board milk marketing in Britain. Roland Brooks, agricultural correspondent, Western Mail, Cardiff dairy farming in Britain.

Top: "And what do you chaps do?" The Duke of Edinburgh, a persistent but friendly critic of the Press jokes with journalists from Trinidad, Pakistan, Jamaica, Hong Kong and Ceylon. They were part of the first group of CPU Fellows for whom the Foundation has organised short working seminars in Cardiff. Centre: Sports journalists discuss the back page with Britain's "Minister for Sport"Mr. Denis Howell who is a qualified football referee as well as a politician. Right: Audio-visual aids are the speciality of senior lecturer John Cardownie (right!. He demonstrates a slide projector and the Foundation's adaptation of a flannelgraph with lecturer Leslie Riley (centre( and the director of editorial studies before a session on newspaper layout. * 19 D. H. Jones and Mr. W. H. the hundreds of slides used were so that the teaching points can be Crossman, Silcocks Ltd.dairy produced by the staff. They include consolidated after screening. farm production in South Wales. the front pages, and some feature Mr. Cardownie is currently producing Robin Corbett, political pages, of hundreds of newspapers the Foundation's second training film. correspondent, Farmers' Weekly from all parts of the world, which are This will deal with news-story farming news from government used for instruction on the design and construction, and should be available sources. make-up of newspapers. David Lloyd, regional information soon. officer of the National Farmers The most recent visual aid is an "The Art of the Interview" has been Unionthe organisation of the NFU. Episcope. Though the overhead distributed to several journalism Lloyd Lewis, county adviser, projector has proved the most flexible institutes and training bodies National Agricultural Advisory for the Centre's purposes, the throughout Britain and overseas. It is Servicehelping the farmer to Episcope fills a need by enabling used regularly at the Study Centre and better production methods. handwritten or typed exercises to be has also proved most successful on T. G. G. Herbert, M.R.C.V.S. screened immediately, without slides overseas training courses. health on the farm. or transparencies having to be made. Headlines, for example, can be taken Commercial distribution is handled Donald Dougall, PRO, Pfizers Ltd. by Sound-Services Ltd., of London. news from the drug makers' point from a student and immediately placed of view. on the Episcope for projection on to the screen for class discussion. "Scope" A. D. Bird, Compound Animal Members of the fourth journalism Feedingstuffs Manufacturers Other visual aids have been course held at Cardiff, from September National Associationconcentrated developed at the Centre, under the to December, 1964, began the food production. direction of Mr. John Cardownie, publication of the Thomson Foundation Dr. Allan Davis, assistant county Senior Lecturer, who attended a newspaper, Scope. medical officer, Glamorgan County course at the Overseas Visual Aid Councilpublic health. Since then, each course has Centre in London. These include the produced an issue of Scope. It has Audio-Visual Aids in Training flannelgraph (for showing in self- varied greatly in size, from the four adhesive sections such subjects as pages of the original issues, to as Though in some places, centuries-old newspaper page design), flash-cards methods of teaching are dying hard, many as sixteen. Its circulation has (for adding visual emphasis to key also increased, from an original print enlightened educational bodies are words in a spoken session), wallcharts realising that modern methods are order of 500 copies to 1,750 at the end (for illustrating a range of subjects of 1968, for copies are sent around the needed if there is to be a closer link simply and dramatically), and posters between teaching and learning. world to former students of both the (carrying slogans whose constant Editorial Study Centre and the In journalism, too, it is being realised viewing helps the students to Television College, as well as to editors that training calls for special skills. It isremember them.) of newspapers and friends of the no longer enough for an instructor, no Foundation overseas. matter how experienced he may be as As a step towards the production of a journalist, merely to talk to a class synchronised tape-lecturesinvolving Each course is largely responsible about his experience. pre-recorded tapes and 35 mm slides for the writing, editing, and make-up of Mr. L. W. Riley, Staff Lecturer, has its issue of Scope, with staff lecturers The Thomson Foundation Editorial been compiling examples of page acting in an advisory capacity. Each Study Centre is setting new standards layout, etc., to be matched to tape- course elects its own editor and of training through its concentration onscripts. Already the Centre has editorial "executives"; assignments the adaptation of modern teaching tape-lecturing on news agency are planned at editorial conferences; methods to journalism. Increasing use operations and on front-page design. and the lecture room is converted into is being made of audio-visual aids. a news room for the sub-editing of The lecture room, library, and Films for Training stories and the making up of pages. administration rooms are in new Journalism instructors the world over The first two issues consisted only premises occupied in April, 1968 have complained for years of the of news about the journalism training, just around the corner from the originalshortage of audio-visual training aids but with the third issue, produced by suite in St. David's House, Cardiff. in their own specialised field. Films, course J.6 in July, 1965, a large part of particularly, have been sadly lacking. the paper featured the television Loud-speakers and microphones training being carried out at Kirkhill. ensure that anyone's words, no matter Certainly, in the past, films have how softly spoken, can be clearly heard.become available which illustrate how Since then, each issue has covered A tape-recorder is also linked to the a newspaper of a news agency in some detail the work at both training amplification system, so that recorded operates. But most of them were made centres. Two members of each items can be played back clearly. The for general consumption, mainly with journalism course spend a long tape-recorder plays a large part in an eye fr publicity, and told little of the weekend at Kirkhill, collecting training. Interviews by students are basic operations. information for Scope stories. recorded and played back for class As a step tcwards filling this gap, the As each year has passed, and the discussion and analysis, for example. Thomson Foundation has produced list of former students grown longer, there has been a considerable On the visual-aid side, an overhead the first how-to-do-it film on journalism. "feedback" of information on the projector has been built into the progress made in their careers of men lecturer's table, and with a growing Entitled "The Art of the Interview", and women who received journalistic collection of home-made the film provides about 25 minutes of or television training with the transparencies, teaching time is instruction on interview techniques Foundation. News of these "graduates" reduced by the projection of visuals to and preparation for journalists. The is featured in Scope, enabling them to a fixed -angle screen. teaching points are made as the keep in touch with friends formerly A retractable tine screen is also camera follows a reporter on an met, for the first time, at Cardiff and fitted, primarily for use with the assignment. Kirkhill. Centre's 16 mm sound film projector. The film was written and narrated by Scope has also proved of value as a It is also used in sessions where Mr. John Cardownie, Senior Lecturer training medium for others besides the instruction is helped by the projection at the Editorial Study Centre. Director members of the Cardiff courses. By of 35 mm slides. A few of the slides was Mr. Stephen McCormack and the arrangement with the Western Mail have been obtained from British and cameraman Mr. Cedric Williams. and Echo Ltd., Cardiff, the stories are American commercial producers of set, and the pages made up on the educational slides, but the majority of A discussion guide is also available stone, by apprentices. 20 OVERSEAS TRAINING

There is no such thing as a typical But one of the great advantages for The major assistance has been as overseas training assignment. the Thomson Foundation man in an follows: Certainly, several of the administrative overseas country is that he has so and operational problems are common many friends, eager to help. These are 1965: Uganda: Lecturer in journalism to all. But the Thomson Foundation, asthe "graduates" of Cardiff and provided for Unesco news course. it continually strives to meet the Kirkhill, as well as other contacts made 1966: Afghanistan: Editorial seminar demand for courses overseas, believesthrough the regular visits made by the and workshop in Kabul. that each one must be tailored to suit executives of the Foundation. the conditions and needs of the host Malawi: Seven-week course for junior nation. journalists; eight-week course for Television Training advanced journalists. Overseas courses have their origin Lecturersfrom the Thomson Foundation in a request for the Foundation's Television College have conducted "in 1967: Cyprus: Seminar for Cyprus assistance from a Government or a service" training by invitation of the journalists. professional mass-media organisation.local authorities as follows: India: Lecturer for three months to If a decision to hold a training course 1965: Lebanon is made, staff lecturers prepare a draft Tele-Orient, Cie. the Indian Institute of Mass Libanaise de Television (C.L.T.); Communication, New Delhi, and for syllabususually after a 2-week course in Production Training. reconnaissance by one of the staff six weeks with the Press Institute of and agreed with the hosts. 1966: Uganda Television Service; India in Ahmedabad, New Delhi and 4-week course in Production Training. Bangalore. The duration of each course is Voice of Kenya Television; 4-week 1968: Thailand: Courses in decided, accommodation is booked, course in film training. local transport organised where newspaper practice, and radio and TV necessary, credit facilities arranged, 1967: Cyprus Broadcasting journalism, Bangkok. health requirements met, Training Corporation; 4-week course in Philippines: Discussion leader literature and teaching materials production, film and technical provided for economic writers training compiled and dispatched. facilities training. course, Manila. As the best preparation for any 1967/68: Pakistan Television Corporation; 4-week course in film India: Three months' tour by assignment in a foreign country is consultant in news-editing, conducting experience, the lecturers provided by training, 10-week course in presentation and programmation, and 16-week seminars, workshops and short the Editorial Study Centre have been training courses. in the fortunate position of being able course in production training (over to use their background knowledge of stations at Rawalpindi, Dacca, India, Ceylon, Malaysia, Press problems in a wide variety of Karachi, and Lahore). Philippines: Lecturer in press developing countries. 1968: Ethiopian Television Service; photography supplied to conduct photo 2-week course in technical facilities workshops and seminars. Not every course run by the training. Thomson Foundation in an overseas Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation, Sierra Leone Research Project country has flowed smoothly; there areLagos; 8-week course in film training, A research project in direct teaching problems, conditions can be difficult, and 6-week course in production by television, which was organised and but the fact that these have been training. mainly financed by the Ministry of overcome is an indication of the Zambia Information Services; 6-week Overseas Development, was started goodwill that has been so marked a course in film training. in Sierra Leone in 1966, in feature of the training courses. collaboration with the Government of At the request of the reL.pective Every effort is made to combine Sierra Leone, Fourah Bay College, the authorities, arrangements were also Centre for Educational Television modern teaching techniques with made to conduct a training seminar in practical day-to-day guidance "on the Overseas, and the Thomson Jamaica in 1967, for participants from Foundation. job". Much more than a series of all the Caribbean television iNterests. lectures is required on such training This was cancelled by the Foundation The Foundation financed the courses. The instructor must do more due to lack of candidates. assignment to Freetown of Miss Caryl than talk; he must also be well versed Doncaster, Production Lecturer at in the art of fighting the clock to get In 1968 All India Radio Television Kirkhill, and of Mr. R. P. Hoare, physics the paper out on time. He must be ablerequested through the Asian master at Shrewsbury School. His to show local newsmen how Broadcasting Union that "in service" appointment, for two years, was to a advanced production methods can training be conducted in camerawork, senior research scholarship, help them to fulfil more readily their lighting and design. Arrangements educational television research, at the responsibilities. were made for the Foundation to send University of Sierra Leone. lecturers to India, !nit the request was After every assignment, the lecturer cancelled by A.I.R.TV due to lack of supplied by the Thomson Foundation progress in the development of their submits a report since if the facts are expansion programme. recorded frankly, the problems faced and overcome, by one instructor, will, if recorded faithfully, benefit his Journalism Training successor. The Thomson Foundation has conducted a number of training There are many points of preparation courses or taken part in seminars in and administration which have to be overseas countries, aimed at dealt with, during this period of improving journalism techniques. In familiarisation. Many of the problems some cases, staff lecturers from the arise because pledges made, with Editorial Study Centre have been sent every good intention, in the early from the U.K., while in others stages cannot be kepta promised specialists in particular aspects of assistant teacher is posted, takes ill, newspaper writing and production goes on leave, for example. have been seconded.

21 OVERSEAS VISITS

The Director of the Thomson number of countries to study press and South-East Asia Press Centre, Foundation, Mr. T. Neil, has visited training conditions, to take part in Kuala Lumpur. many countries to discuss with people seminars, to make preliminary Singapore: Brief inspection visit. on the spot the work of the arrangements for possible training Philippines: Took part in the Foundation, and how its aims and ventures, and to improve the flow of "Baguio meeting" when representatives objectives could best be achieved. Thegood candidates for courses. In of various Asian countries agreed to countries visited were: discussions with publishers and work under the Press Foundation of 1964: Malaysia, Brunei, India, Pakistan.editors, ministers and officials, Asia to co-ordinate future training 1965: Caribbean countries (Jamaica, university and training administrators, plans. Suggested ways in which the Barbados, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, he has been able to gauge local needs, Thomson Foundation could Dominica, Grenada, Trinidad, British to meet former students and see how collaborate. Guiana now (Guyana). they have benefited from their training, Hong Kong: Stop-over information 1966: Mediterranean countries (Italy, and to ensure that the Cardiff syllabus visit. Libya, United Arabs Republic, Cyprus, is related to the problems and Thailand: Discussed plans for Greece). possibilities of developing countries. forthcoming Thomson Foundation 1967: MiJdle East countries course in Bangkok. Visited universities, (Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Iran). The visits Mr. Rowlands has made ministries, newspapers to fix details. 1968: West Africa (Senegal, The were: Indonesia: Discussed ways to Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria). 1964: Afghanistan: Study of possiblecollaborate with new Indonesian Press ways to develop Afghan press. Institute and to improve links with The Principal of the Television Seminar recommended and later Cardiff. Met editors and others who College, Mr. Guy Bloomer, made a staged. wanted advice with training. number of visits to overseas stations Iran: Brief stop to meet publishers Ceylon: Visited main publishing during his period at the College. The and editors. groups to find ways to increase main purposes of these visits were: Lebanon: Brief stop to meet number of applications for training in a. To meet the heads of the television publishers and editors. Cardiff. Discussed problem of raising services and appropriate India: Took part in News Editors' fares. government officials to make seminar, New Delhi. Visited Jaipur, India: Talked with editors, publishers known to them the training facilities Patna, Calcutta. and leading journalists in many offices, offered by the Thomson 1965: Berlin: To see Berlin Institute including those in Madras, Kerala and Foundation and the procedure for of Mass Communications, to exchange Bombay. Saw at first hand many obtaining places on courses. ideas and materials. Staff member physical, economic, linguistic and b. To re-establish contact with past later acted as guest lecturer. social problems facing Indian press. trainees and to seek their comments Paris: Brief stop to visit Unesco. Met, as elsewhere on the tour, a large on the training course they attended Strasbourg: Attended, and gave number of former students, now mostly in the light of their working papers to, international conference on in senior positions. experience since. training of journalists to CIESJ. Brief Pakistan: Set up lines of c. To make preliminary arrangements visit to Zurich to meet director of communication to increase and for possible future "on post" or "in International Press Institute. process applications for training in service" training courses. Nairobi: Visited International Press Cardiff. Discussed in Karachi and Institute centre to study methods and Rawalpindi difficulties of public and The stations visited were: syllabus, and inspect local press. Guestprivate press under restrictions. 1964: Gibraltar. lecturer. Afghanistan: Enforced stop-over due 1965: Paris Nigeria: Visited IPI West African to weather gave chance to pay return Rome Telescuola. centre. Inspected press and met local visit to now much-improved newspaper 1966: Sudan TV, Khartoum. editors in Lagos and Ibadan. offices. Ethiopian TV Service, Addis Ababa. 1966: Turkey: Participated in Iran: Made arrangements for local Voice of Kenya, Nairobi. seminar organised by the Turkish course which had been requested by Uganda TV Service, Kampala. Press Institute at Istanbul University, Tehran newspapers. (This was later Zambia TV Service, Lusaka, Kitwe. and presented two papers. Toured postponed.) 1967: Sierra Leone TV, Freetown. cities and towns of Anatolia to see Liberia TV, Monrovia. provincial press. Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, Italy: Took part in symposium at Accra. Genoa organised by the International Nigerian TV Service, Lagos. Institute of Mass Communications. West Nigerian TV, Ibadan. Strasbourg: Guest lecturer, CIESJ East Nigerian Broadcasting course for information officers from Corporation, Enugu. developing countries. Broadcasting Company of Northern Malawi: Preliminary visit to arrange Nigeria, Kaduna. training course for information officers. Channel 9, Santiago, Chile. Preliminary consultations with IPI Channel 8, Valparaiso, Chile. centre in Nairobi. Channel 3, Antofagasta, Chile. 1967: Cyprus: Conducted joint 1958: Cyprus Broadcasting nine-week seminar for Cyprus Corporation (brief unscheduled visit). newspaper journalists, with concurrent Iran National TV, Tehran. radio seminar and weekly senior Television Iran, Tehran. journalist discussions. Made private Educational TV Service, Tehran. visits to Amman, Beirut and Athens to Pakistan TV Corporation: Rawalpindi, meet local pressmen. Dacca, Karachi, Lahore. Geneva: Attended IPI conference for All India Radio TV, New Delhi. discussions on co-ordination of international training. 1968: Malaysia: Took part in The Director of Editorial Studies, international seminar on the Mr. Donald Rowlands, has visited a reporting of Social Change, at 22 Vital reconnaissance trips have been made by the Foundation staff to study information problems in many countries. Mr. T. Neil, director of the Foundation, meets Archbishop Makarols in Cyprus. TRAINING IN UNITED KINGDOM

By the end of 1968, the following training courses had been conducted in the United Kingdom by the Thomson Foundation: Editorial Study Centre, Cardiff

No. of Dates Nature of Course No. of Dates Nature of Course Course Course

1963 CPU 2 September 3-September 16 Commonwealth J.1 October 1-December 20 Pilot journalism Press Union Seminar J.10 September 19-December 8 Advanced journalism 1964 J.2 January 31-April 27 Journalism 1967 J.3 June 9-August 31 Journalism J.11 January 16-April 5 Advanced journalism J.4 September 28-December 18Journalism J.12 May 1-July 20 Industrial and Com- mercial journalism 1965 CPU 3 August 14-September 2 Commonwealth J.5 January 18-April 8 Advanced journalism Press Union Seminar J.6 April 27-July 16 Advanced journalism J.13 September 18-December 7 Tomorrow's Editors CPU 1September 13-September 24Commonwealth Press Union Seminar 1968 J.7 September 24-December 16 Advanced journalism J.14 January 12-April 1 Advanced journalism J.15 April 29-July 18 Agricultural 1966 journalism J.8 January 17-April 7 Advanced journalism CPU 4 July 15-August 2 Commonwealth J.9 May 2-July 20 Sports writing and Press Union Seminar editing J.16 September 23-December 12Chief sub-editing

Television College, Kirkhill House, Glasgow

No. of Dates Nature of Course No. of Dates Nature of Course Course Course

1964 TV.6 September 1-December 17 Production and TV.1 February 18-April 17 Production engineering TV.2 May 26-July 24 Production 1967 1965 TV.7 March 1-June 16 News editors and engineering TV.3 March 3-June 17 Production and TV.8 September 1-December 21 Production and engineering engineering TV.4 September 1-December 15 Production and engineering 1968 TV.9 March 1-June 20 Production and 1966 engineering TV.5 March 1-June 17 Production and TV.9A Jane 15-July 20 Extension of TV.9 for engineering students of lighting TV.5A Special course for and design Libyan junior TV.10 September 1-December 20 News editors and technicians engineering

Newspaper Management Course of Strathclyde's Department of in the UK, by attachment to Twelve fellows from 11 overseas Industrial Administration, Chesters, newspapers, book publishers, and countries and three from UK Bearsden, Glasgow. From October 1 television studios. These subjects have newspapers took part in a Newspa;13r to November 9, members of the course been: Management Course from August r4 were attached to UK newspapers. to November 15, 1968. For the first a rid last weeks of the course, In London, M F.1 : Newspaper Management. lectures were given by specialists from Miscellaneous Fellowships MF.2: Editorial. leading UK newspapers. From Fellowships have been given by the MF.3: Printing. September 2 to September 28 the Thomson Foundation to enable MF.4: Book Production. course was conducted at the University individuals to study particular subjects MF.5: Television. 24 FOUNDATION GRANTS

Since the formation of the Thomson Foundation grants have been made to organisations, both in the U.K. and overseas, which are concerned with journalism and television training. The grants include: National Council for the Training of Journalists, £10,000; International House, Penarth, £8,000; Royal Commonwealth Society, £7,500; Caribbean TV Union Conference, £1,000; Women Speakers for the Commonwealth, £1,000; English Speaking Union, £1,000; Swaziland Educational Broadcasting Service, £900; Adult Education Association of East and Central Africa, £800; University of Ghanaeducational TV, £500; seminar for journalists in West Africa, £500; International Federation of Journalists (Sierra Leone), £250; and others. 1,

-41

Little chance of homesickness when journalists attending the Cardiff course are never far from the smell of printing ink. Successive groups have enjoyed the hospitality and proximity of Thomson House, where 250,000 copies are printed daily of the "Western Mail" and the "South Miles Echo". D. G. H. Rowlands, director of Editorial Studies, discusses a technical point on the stone with chief sub-editors from Nicaragua, India, Pakistan and the Philippines.

Demonstration of equipment in the camera lab to students from Gibraltar and Ghana.

25 IAPPENDIX

Members of Courses BAHAMAS **Newswriter and reader, TV Those who have attended training Basil Cooper interviewer, TV Rio, Copacabana TV.8 courses conrhicted in the UK by the *Editor, Bahama Life J.8 Fernando Paulo Gabeira Thomson Foundation are listed below, Eric Leroy Wilmott *Assignments editor, Correio de with their country of origin. *Chief reporter, Nassau Guardian J.11 Minas, Copacabana J.10 * A single asterisk marks the position Alexandre Gambirasio held by each fellow in the television *City editor, Fe lha de Sao Paulo J.10 or newspaper industries when they BARBADOS Agostinho E. Correia Gaspar joined the course. D. Agard *News editor, Gazetta Broadcasting ** A double asterisk marks *Night editor, the Advocate, Co., Sao Paulo, and newscaster/ subsequent promotions or changes; Bridgetown CPU.1 scriptwriter, Record Television where known. Reuben Best Company TV.7 Against each name are the letters: *Senior reporter/scriptwriter, Odilon A. Lopez J: indicating that the student attended Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation, *Film cameraman, Gaucha Television a journalism course at Cardiff. Bridgetown TV.7 **Newspaper reporter/film producer TV: indicating that the student A. N. Forde TV.7 attended a television course at *General Manager-designate, Radio Reginaldo M. de Almeida Neves Kirkhill House, Glasgow. Barbados, Caribbean Broadcasting *Staff writer, Visao, Rio de Janeiro J.4 CPU: indicating that the student Corporation, Bridgetown TV.4 Miss Tania G. Pacheco attended a Commonwealth Press Gladstone Holder *Reporter, Radio Jornal de Brasil, Rio Union seminar at Cardiff. **Producer/director of TV programmesde Janeiro J.14 NM: Indicating that the student for Government Information Service attended the first Newspaper TV.2 Management Course. Harold F. Hoyte BRITISH HONDURAS MF: indicating that the student was *Special assistant to the editor, Lindbergh E. Goldson granted a miscellaneous fellowship The Advocate, Bridgetown CPU.2 *Managing editor, The Belize for special individual study in the UK. Eric Murray Billboard, Belize CPU.3 NUMBERS against any of the above *Reporter/news reader, Caribbean code letters indicate the number of the Broadcasting Corporation, particular course attended by each Bridgetown J.5 CEYLON student. Herbert Leonard Abeyaratne *Chief sub-editor Ceylon Daily News BERMUDA J.16 AFGHANISTAN Archibald Bernard Brown Mrs. Leila de Silva Mohammad Ibrahim *TV cameraman, Capital Broadcasting *Editor, Naveena Vignani J.15 *Translator/sub-editor, Kabul Times Company TVA G. E. M. C. Gooneratne J.3 Anthony Chamusco *Local news editor, Associated Sayyed Khalil *Engineer, Bermuda Radio and Newspapers, Colombo CPU.1 *Editor, Kabul Times J.3 Television Company TV.4 Mrs. Sriya Ratnakara Mohammed Akbar Pardace Eugene Cockburn Ference Rayner *Editor, SRI women's magazine, *Director of cultural relations, *Announcer/newscaster, Bermuda Colombo CPU.3 Ministry of Information and Radio Company. Russell Cuthbert Raymond Culture J.14 **Head of programming, Bermuda *Reporter/columnist, The Times of Radio Company TV.3 Ceylon J.13 James Henry Sayer Eustace W. Rulach ADEN *Switcher/director, Bermuda Radio *Sports editor, Ceylon Observer Hussein Safi and TV Company TV.4 **Sub-editor/feature writer J.2 *Director of Broadcasting, South Charles H. Webb *Feature writer, Mid-Ocean News Ramsay F. Ziegelaar Arabian Broadcasting Service TV.6 Pictorial. *Sports editor, The Times of Ceylon **TV newswriter/announcer, CPU.2 Bermuda Broadcasting Company J.1 AUSTRALIA David L. White J. L. Armati CHILE *Macquarie Publications, Dubbo M F.1 *Reporter, the Royal Gazette, Hamilton CPU.3 Miss Oriele Campodonico John R. Davies *Teacher of English, University of the *Assistant chief of reporting staff, North, Antofagasta Daily News, Perth CPU.3 BOLIVIA **Head of production, TV department, Bruce Hinchliffe Jose Diamond University of the North, and director of *Sub-editor, Toowoomba Chronicle J.3*Technician, Government Broadcastingeducational programmes TV.5 J. F. Kroeger Service TV.7 Edmunde A. Favero *Political correspondent, the News, *Director of educational TV, Catholic Adelaide CPU.1 University of Valparaiso TV.9 Frederick John Lunn BRAZIL Carlos Patricie Martinez *Sub-editor, the Courier-Mail, Luiz Carlos Bomfin *Manager, production division, TV, Brisbane CPU.4 *Reporter, Correio da Man ha, Catholic University of Valparaiso D. D. Mac Coll Rio de Janeiro J.12 **President of production committee, *Sub-editor, the Courier-Mail, Paulo Fernando Craveiro TV, Catholic University of Valparaiso Brisbane CPU.1 *Foreign news editor, Jornal de TV.9 Lloyd C. Turner Commercio, Pernambuco. Vicente N. Perez *Assistant to the editor, Newcastle **Columnist and foreign news editor, *News editor, Catholic University of Morning Herald CPU.2 Jornal de Commercio, Pernambuco Santiago TV service TV.10 Richard Willson J.10 Carlos Rojas *Assistant editor, Whyalla News j.5 Luiz M. Dale *Director of TV department, University Don Winton *Programme editor/presenter, TV Rio, of the North, Antofagasta; also director *Editor, Whyalla News J.10 Copacabana. of Channel 3 TV TV.9 26 Miss Florencia Varas Elishama Nathaniel Ani Manuel J. Mascarenhas *Feature writer, Diario El Illustrado, *Senior technician and technical *Producer/scriptwriter, Radio Santiago producer (outside broadcasts), Gibraltar TV.1 **TV producer, Santiago J.5 Ghana Broadcasting Corporation. Raoul Vitalic **Technical training officer, Ghana GREECE *Electronics technician, University of Broadcasting Corporation TV.9 Nikelas A. Samaras 1 the North, Antofagasta TV.6 John Arhinful-Mensah *Reporter, Eleuteros Laos Thessaloniki *Actine news editor, Evening News, **London correspondent, Eleuteros CYPRUS Accra J.16 Thessaloniki (observer on TV.8) J.11 Costas Constantinides Daniel Amudulai Bayensi Haralambos Tsirigotakis *Programme officer, Cyprus *Bureau chief (northern region), *Sports writer/sub-editor Vima, Broadcasting Corporation TV.9 Ghana News Agency CPU.4 Athens J.9 Andreas Petrou Demiotis Augusts Bennett-Eghan *Flinn editor, Cyprus Broadcasting *Technical supervisor, Ghana GUYANA Corporation TV.3 Broadcasting Corporation TV.10 Maurice Neilson Dundas George Kotsonis Eugene Annan Bentum *Information officer (news) Ministry of *Music officer, producer of classical *Senior technician and technical Information, Georgetown music programmes on radio, Cyprus producer (studios), Ghana **Senior information officer (press), Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting Corporation. Ministry of Information, Georgetown **Director of musical programmes, **Technical supervisor (studios), J.11 Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation TV.5Ghana Broadcasting Corporation TV.9 Harold Jettoo Andreas Kyriacou Lawrence Fianyo *Senior reporter, the Daily Chronicle, *Assistant head of news division *Programme assistant, Ghana Georgetown CPU.2 Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation TV.7Broadcasting Corporation TV.9 Mrs. Emilia Orphanidou Cuthbert Kiaye HONG KONG *Assistant producer, Cyprus Broad- *Senior reporter, Evening News, D. Chen casting Corporation TV.6 Accra J.14 *Sub-editor, South China Morning Peter Petrides Abraham Kutin-Mensah Post CPU.1 Agon newspaper, Nicosia J.14 *Night editor, Ghanaian Times, Accra Roland A. Winyard Pericles S. Solomides NM *Chief engineer, Radio Hong Kong *Assistant to news editor, Cyprus Daniel Dadzie Nunoo TV.7 Mail, Nicosia NM *Programme assistant, Ghana David E. L. Wong Charalambee Taramides Broadcasting Corporation. *Sub-editor, the China Mail CPU.4 *Programme assistant, Cyprus **Production assistant, Ghana Broadcasting Corporation TV.8 Broadcasting Corporation TV.8 INDIA Thomas Nyaku Khalid Ansari *News editor, Ghana Broadcasting *General manager/chief sub-editor; ETHIOPIA Corporation. Inquilab, Bombay J.13 Makuria Abate **News editor/producer, Ghana P. G. Baruah *Programme director, Ethiopian TV Broadcasting Corporation TV.7 *Senior sub-editor, Assam Tribune J.4 Service TV.6 Kingsley William Obeng Sourindranath Banerji Getachew Abebe *London correspondent Ghanaian *Chief sub-editor, Hindusthan *Chief engineer (technical) Ethiopian Times, Accra J.13 Standard, Calcutta J.10 TV Service TV.6 Philip A. Owusu Sadhan Kumar Banerjee Kiros Azariah *Technical assistant, Ghana *Sub-editor, the Statesman, Calcutta *News editor, Ethiopian TV Service Broadcasting Corporation TV.3 J.14 TV.10 B. A. Holdbrook Smith B. Bhattacharyya Sintayehu Berhanu **News editor, Ghana Broadcasting *Feature writer, the Statesman, *Chief engineer (administration) Corporation TV.2 Calcutta J.3 Ethiopian TV Service TV.5 Joseph E. Solomon Sunil Bose Adera Daniel *TV engineer (transmitters), Ghana *Sports editor, Amrita, Calcutta J.9 *Training officer, Ethiopian TV Service Broadcasting Corporation TV.7 Mahendra Chakraborty TV.6 Wiafe-Ababio *Political correspondent, Jungantar, Samuel Ferenji *Student in UK; sponsored by Ghana Calcutta J.1 *Producer, Ethiopian TV Service High Commission, London TV.5 Ramesh Chandra **Director-general, Ethiopian TV Fred Yeboah *Business manager, Times of India, Service TV.4 *Senior news assistant (TV) Ghana New Delhi NM Demena Kassaye Broadcasting Corporation TV.10 Abhay Chhajlani *Programme director, Ethiopian TV *Editor, Nai Dunia, Indore J.6 Service TV.5 Benedict Costa Tewolde Berhan Tesfaye GIBRALTAR *Reporter, Free Press Group, Bombay *Maintenance supervisor Ethiopian Joseph Brugada **Sub-editor, Illustrated Weekly Of TV Service TV.9 *Gibraltar Television TV.2 India (Times of India Group), Bombay Nicky Celecia J.6 FIJI *Engineering technician, Gibraltar Sydney E. Friskin Steven Yaciona Broadcasting Corporation TV.8 *Senior sports correspondent, the *Public relations officer, Fiji Times J.2 Cliv.: 7 ..,nningham Statesman, Calcutta *Director/presenter/interviewer (radio **Sub-editor, The Times, London J.9 GHANA and TV), Gibraltar Broadcasting Madhaw Gadkari Michael Adjare Corporation *Chief sub-editor, Maharashtra Times, *TV news editor, Ghana Broadcasting **Producer, external services, BBC Bombay Corporation TV.7 TV.5 **Editor, Gomantak, Panaji, Goa J.6 Nii Nai Adjei Henry E. Llufrio Hasmukh C. Gandhi *Programme assistant, Ghana *Technical assistant (TV), Gibraltar *Sub-editor, Janmabhoomi, Bombay Broadcasting Corporation TV.9 Broadcasting Corporation TV.10 CPU.3 27 Nikhil Sarkar **Maintenance engineer, Ministry of Suresh Chandra Gangrade I *Managing editor, Krishak Jagat, *Columnist and feature writer, AnandaEducation, Baghdad TV.6 Bhopal J.15 Bazar Patrika, Calcutta CPU 2 Miss Asia Al Turaihi Chandrakant Ramchandra GhorpadePrasanta Sarkar *Editor, World News Bulletin, Baghdad *Chief sub-editor the Kesari, Poona *Reporter, the Statesman, Calcutta J.6 CPU.4 J.11 ISRAEL G. F. Ghosh R. Shamanna Joshua Bitzur *Ananda Bazar Patrika, Calcutta J.2 *Chief sub-editor, Prajavani, Bangalore*Parliamentary correspondent, Ma'ariv, Om Kumar Joshee J.16 Jerusalem J.2 *Columnist, Times of India, Bombay Mohammad Shamin Meir Harnik J.14 *Reporter, Times of India, Bombay J.10*Assistant director of light Amrit Kumar Kakaria Shiv Shankar Sharma programmes, Kol-lsrael TV.1 *London representative, India News & *Programme executive, All India Radio Moshe Hovav Feature Alliance, New Delhi Television Service TV.9 *Head of operations and training **Assistant editor, I.N.F.A., New Delhi L. P. S. Shrivastava (radio), Kai-Israel *Special correspondent Navbharat **Training Co-ordinator, Israeli J.9 Times, New Delhi J.12 'Han Ullah Khan Kunwar Bahadur Sinha Television TV.6 *Chief reporter, the Patriot, New Avshalom Katz *Freelance broadcaster with All India *Producer of documentaries, Kol- Delhi J.8 Radio Yelandur N. Krishnamurthy Israel **Student at University of Lancaster, **Producer/director, Kai-Israel TV.1 *Deputy news editor, Prajavani, UK TV.9 Bangalore J.11 Sat Pal Soni Eli Kovo Swadesh Kumar *Shift supervisor, Kai-Israel *Sub-editor, Navbharat Times New **In charge of outside broadcasts, *TV producer, All India Radio TV.8 Delhi J.7 Uthama Kurup Govind Shripad Talwalkar Israeli Television TV.7 *Sub-editor, Mathrubhumi, Kerala J.5 Shimon Nehama *Assistant editor, Maharashtra Times, *Sound (studio) engineer, Kai-Israel Subbier Lakshmipathi Bombay **Head of VTR dept. *Chief sub-editor, Financial Express, **Editor, Maharashtra Times, Bombay (maintenance and operations), Israeli Bombay J.10 J.4 Television TV.7 Mukut Behari Lal P. Tharyan Yoram Ronnen *Special representative, the *Chief assistant editor, the Pioneer, *Senior editor (news division), Kol- Statesman, New Delhi J.15 Lucknow CPU.1 Israel M. Mal hotra Mammen Varghese **Head of news, current affairs *Assistant station director, All India *General manager, Malayala division, Israeli Television TV.7 Radio Manorama, Kerala NM Chaim Yavin **Deceased TV.2 V. S. Walimbe *Producer/director, scientific and Anant Sadashiv Marathe *Chief sub-editor, Kesari, Poona J.5 documentary programmes, Israel *Senior sub-editor, Maharashtra Leslie F. Wilson Broadcasting Service (Sound) Times, Bombay J.13 *Sports editor, the Deccan Herald **News presenter and editor in chief D. S. Mehta Bangalore J.9 for documentaries and current affairs, *Senior sub-editor, Navbharat Times, Israeli Television TV.3 New Delhi CPU.2 INDONESIA Roestam Afandi JAMAICA La lit Mohan *Sub-editor, Kompas, Djakarta J.16 K. L. Allen *Managing editor, Vir Pratap, Jullundur *Parliamentary reporter, the Daily City Sanjoto Sastromihardjo **Managing editor, Vir Pratap and *Managing editor, Business News, Gleaner, Kingston CPU.1 Djakarta J.12 Keith St. George Brown Daily Pratap, Jullundur City J.8 Dr. Subrata *Reporter/sub-editor, the Daily S. K. Mullick *Head of news, Television Service of Gleaner, Kingston *Programme executive, All India Radio the Republic of Indonesia, Djakarta **Public relations manager, Alumina Television Centre TV.3 TV.10 Partners of Jamaica, Ltd J.4 S. V. Nagarkar Agoes Sudirman Patrick Jones *The Kesari, Poona MF.1 *Manager, Indonesia Raya, Djakarta *Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation Bangalore Nagaraja NM **Senior films officer, producer and *Assistant editor, Madras Mail director, Jamaica Broadcasting **Assistant editor, I.E.E., Stevenage, IRAN Corporation TV.1 UK J.8 [raj Amir-Arjomand Mrs. Sylvia Lee V. K. Nair *Business manager, Ettela'at *Reporter, the Daily Gleaner, Kingston *Deputy chief sub-editor, Malaya la publications, Tehran NM J.15 Manorama, Kerala J.13 Dr. Yadollah Faze! Oval Lue Prabhakar Nulkar *Freelance journalist, Meshed J.11 *Maintenance engineer, Jamaica *Assistant editor, Sholapur Samachar, Aziz Hatami Broadcasting Corporation TV.10 Maharashtra *Agence P.N.P., Tehran TV.2 Albert Stewart Miller **Leader writer, Sholapur Samachar, M. Sayed Karnali *Film and TV scriptwriter Jamaica Maharashtra J.6 *Foreign news editor, Keyhan Times, Information Service TV.9 Rayaprol Chintamani Rajasekhar Tehran J.2 Martin Mordecai *Station director All India Radio TV.3 Mohammed All Safarian *Reporter, the Daily Gleaner, Kingston Krishnamurthy Rajendran *Head of media (public relations J.1 *Associate editor, Kalki, Madras J.4 dept.), Iranian Oil Refinery Co., Emsley F. Pearson Srinivasa Ramakrishnan Abadan J.12 *News editor (Grade II), Jamaica *Special correspondent, Press Trust ofMrs. Parvin Sarlak Broadcasting Corporation, Kingston India, Bombay J.12 *TV producer, Ministry of Art and **Programmefilm editor, New York Srinivasa Rao Culture TV.9 City Board of Education's schools *Chief sub-editor, Indian Express, television programmes TV.7 Bombay J.7 IRAQ Ian Kenneth Richards K. E. Sankaran Abdul Baki Ahmed *Advertising sales manager, the Daily *Chief publicity and public relations *Chief technical supervisor, Audio- Gleaner, Kingston NM officer, Indian Council of Agricultural Visual Centre, Ministry of Education, Merrick Granville Robinson Research, New Delhi J.15 Baghdad *Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation 28 TV.3 *Chief of the secretary section, School, Tripoli TV.5A Miss 0. Senior Chosun Ilbo, Seoul NM Ahmed Mohammed Salem *Reporter, the Daily Gleaner, Kingston Choi Jae-ho *Junior technician, Arts and Crafts **Jamaica Information Service, *Foreign sub-editor, Chosun Ilbo, Absalam al Haddi Sheikh Kingston J.3 Seoul J.14 *Junior technician, Arts and Crafts Raymond Sharpe June Chul Kim School, Tripoli TV.5A *Assistant news editor, the Daily *Director of production (Grade I) Saddik Sholak Gleaner, Kingston J.6 Munwha Broadcasting Corporation, *Sub-editor/translator, Libyan Seoul TV. Broadcasting Service, Tripoli J.7 JAPAN Yu II-Yon Mohammed Wahra Yoshiaki Abe *Assistant news editor, Korea Times, *Junior technician, Arts and Crafts *Translator/reporter, Japan Times, Seoul J.13 School, Tripoli TV.5A Tokyo **Assistant to political editor, Japan KUWAIT MALAWI Times, Tokyo J.9 Hussain Ali Baroon Rowland Vimaso Manda Yoshihiko Miwa *Ministry of Guidance and Information *European correspondent, Sankei *Information officer, Government (television), engineering division, Information Service, Zomba Shinbun, Tokyo Kuwait TV.4 **Acting chief information officer, **Specialist writer on international Mohammed Hanif trade, Economics dept., Sankei Government Information Service, *Ministry of Guidance and Information Blantyre J.8 Shinbun, Tokyo J.12 (television), engineering division, George D. Matewere Naotada Osaki Kuwait TV.6 *Reporter, Malawi News, Lilongne J.14 *Reporter, Japan Times, Tokyo J.2 Ali Ghulum Hussain Mathews Ndovi Kazuo Terao *Ministry of Guidance and Information *Deputy editor, Malawi News J.7 *Feature writer, Japan Times, Tokyo (television), engineering division, **Editor, Japan Times Weekly, Tokyo A. A. Soka Kuwait TV.4 *Malawi Press Ltd. MF.3 J.5 JORDAN LAOS MALAYSIA Mohammed Ihsan Amasheh Tcheng-Tse Choen Lawrence Cheah *Commercial production manager, *Editor, Lao Press, Laos J.6 *News editor, Television Malaysia, Hashemite Broadcasting Service/ Kuala Lumpur TV.10 Amman LEBANON Ibrahim Bin Mushiran **Also part-time TV drama director Roger Breidi *Personnel and public relations TV.6 *Maintenance engineer, Tele-Orient, officer, Utusan Melayu Press, Kuala Dr. Issa Massou Beirut TV.6 Lumpur NM *Freelance journalist MF.2 R. El Rayyes M. Nagappan Omar Qaffaf *Freelance journalist, Beirut J.2 *The Tamil Nesan, Kuala Lumpur MF.1 *Announcer and producer (Radio) Rafic Nicolas Habib Conrad Ng Hashemite Broadcasting Service, *General manager, Lissan UI Hal, *Sub-editor/sports writer, Straits Amman TV.6 Beirut NM Times, Kuala Lumpur J.9 George S. Hishmeh Muhamad Noh bin Padidin KENYA *Editor, Daily Star, Beirut Moody Awori *Chief reporter, Utusan Melayu, Kuala **Assistant telegraph editor, Chicago Lumpur CPU.4 *Voice of Kenya, Nairobi MF.5 Sun-Times, USA J1. James Jura George lonnides *Daily Nation, Nairobi J.1 MALTA *Sound engineer/cameraman, CTLPO Wilfrid Asciak Laban Kabiro TV.1 *News editor, Voice of Kenya, Nairobi Abdul Gani Mroue *Assistant editor, Times of Malta J.13 TV.7 Frederick Barry *Cultural and features editor, Al- *Features editor/night editor, Times of Mathew Kiponi Hayat, Beirut J.11 *Producer/director (television) Kenya Malta Claude Sawaya **Assistant editor, Times of Malta J.16 Broadcasting Corporation TV.1 *Programme and production manager, Paul Josiah Kithome Tele-Orient, Beirut TV.2 Victor Formosa *Production assistant, Voice of Kenya Jacques Yaghdjian *Programme editor, Malta Broadcasting **Acting producer/director, Voice of *Transmission controller, Tele-Orient, Authority TV.8 Kenya TV.8 Laurence Vella Simeon N. Macharia Beirut TV.8 'Features editor, Malta News J.7 *Senior development engineer, Voice LIBERIA of Kenya TV.6 James Cassell MAURITIUS Anthony George Mbugguss *Sports reporter/sub-editor, Daily Ayoob Abdool *Editor, Nyota Africa, Nairobi J.7 Listener, Monrovia *Engineering shift leader in Master Freeborn Fillemon Muga-Okune **Editor, Bong Mine News, Liberia J.9 Control, Mauritius Broadcasting *Senior producer in charge of TV Michael Kunmeh Corporation TV.8 operations dept., Voice of Kenya TV.9 *Reporter, Liberian Star, Monrovia J. R. Delaitre John Nimrod Mwakitawa **Assistant information officer, *Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation *Senior producer/director, Voice of LAMCO J.V. Operating Company, MF.5 Kenya Liberia J.8 Mrs. Marie Therese Mortele **Head of operations, Voice of Kenya Bertram R. Walker *Owner/editor, Carrefour J.13 TV.5 *Senior reporter, Liberian Age, Geerjapersad Ramloll Nyeike F. Njoroge Monrovia J.4 *Assistant editor, Advance *Producer/director and head of TV **Special correspondent in France for services, Voice of Kenya TV.4 LIBYA Advance J.2 Jonathan Raba la Osano Ibrahim Abdullah Dawood Ramputh Maintenance technician, Voice of *Junior technician, Arts and Crafts *Engineering shift leader, Mauritius Kenya TV.8 School, Tripoli TV.5A Broadcasting Corporation TV.4 Benson Thubei Mohammed Ali Haggi *Programme director, Voice of Kenya *Junior technician, Arts and Crafts MEXICO TV.6 School, Tripoli TVSA Eduardo Maldonado KOREA Ahmeda al Jariaany *TV trainee in USA, Eire, Germany and Bang Kyesung *Junior technician, Arts and Crafts UK TV.4 29 NEPAL Muhammed Gbajabiamila Godwin Chukwuemeka Ugwu Binaya Guru-Acharya **Editor, Hermes Magazine, (A.G. *Television engineer, Eastern Nigeria *Associate editor, the Commoner, Leventis and Co.), Lagos J.5 Broadcasting Corporation TV.3 Katmandu J.11 Raimi Jin.oh G. P. Pokhrel *Engineering assistant (Grade I) NORWAY *National News Agency, Katmandu J.4Northern Nigerian Broadcasting Co., Herman Gran Kaduna TV.7 *Employed on cameras, lighting and NEW ZEALAND Oluyinka Johnson sound, Norwegian Broadcasting Edward Clarke Isaacs *Station librarian, Western Nigeria Service *Chief reporter, Otago Daily Times, Television Service **Producer, Norwegian Broadcasting Dunedin CPU.4 **Executive producer, Western Nigeria Service TV.8 J. R. Pearce Broadcasting Corporation TV.8 *Sub - editor. New Zealand Herald, Sani Katsina PAKISTAN Auckland CHU.2 **Head of Television, Broadcasting Raza All Abidi R. H. Stott Company of Northern Nigeria TV.2 *Reporter/sub-editor, Daily Hurriyet, *Chief reporter, Manawatu Evening Miss Margaret Olufemi Kuboye Karachi J.14 Standard, Palmerston North CPU.1 *Producer/director, Nigerian Muhammad Uzair Ashir Michael F. Tubberty Broadcasting Corporation TV.8 *Commercial correspondent, Dawn, *Staff photographer, New Zealand Ahmed Tijani Isola Lawal Karachi J.12 Herald, Auckland CPU.3 *Business editor, Morning Post/ M. I. Butt Sunday Post, Lagos *News editor, Daily Jang, Rawalpindi NICARAGUA **Assistant editor (publications) CPU.1 Jorge A. Cardenas Nigeria Broadcasting Corporation J.12 Hasan Akhtar Gardezi *General manager, La Prensa ManaguaMiss Rita Ogremi Lori *Head of central desk, Associated NM *Programme assistant, Nigerian Press of Pakistan J.13 Agustin Fuentes Television Service, Lagos TV.4 lkramu Haq *Political, labour, and economics Abdurralman Micika *Staff reporter, Pakistan Times, Editor, La Prensa, Managua J.13 *Floor manager, Broadcasting Rawalpindi J.13 Company of Northern Nigeria Waheedul Hague NIGERIA **Senior producer, Broadcasting *Night editor, Morning News, Dacca Alton Adedeji Company of Northern Nigeria TV.3 J.16 *Sub-editor, Western Nigerian George Nnadi Wajid Shamsul Hasan Government Broadcasting Corporation*Freelance journalist, Onitsha J.3 *Chief sub-editor, Daily News, Karachi **Public relations officer J.6 Ukpong Joel Odunide CPU.4 Folarin Moronkeji Adeeko *Maintenance engineer, Nigerian Khalid Ijaz *Assistant to production editor, Daily Broadcasting Corporation TV.3 *Radio script writer, sponsored by Express, Lagos J.1 Ayo Ojewumi Pakistan Television Corporation, Joseph Adegumji Adentan *Editor, the Tribune, Lagos CPU.2 Lahore TV.5 *Ministry of Information, Ibadan J.1 Peter C. K. Okoro Miss Latifa Kabir Folorunso Olufurdso Adewale *Sub-editor (TV news), Eastern Nigeria*Television Promoters Company, *Technical assistant, Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation Enugu TV.7 Lahore TV.6 Broadcasting Corporation TV.3 Bernard Nwoke Onyeachonam Fauzul Karim Miss N. Agu *Regional representative, Nigerian *Chief sub-editor, Dainik Pakistan, *Eastern Nigerian Broadcasting Outlook, Ibadan J.4 Dacca J.16 Corporation TV.4 A. 0. Osifowokan Amiruzzaman Khan Mallam Shehu Aliyu *Western News, Ibadan **General manager, Pakistan *Assistant information officer, Ministry**Ministry of Home Affairs and Television Corporation, Dacca TV.2 of Information, Kaduna Information, Ibadan J.2 Masreer Elahi Khan **Acting chief information officer, Olusegun Osoba *Station engineer, Television Government of North-Western State, Senior staff reporter, Daily Times, Promoters Company, Lahore TV.8 Sokoto J.7 Lagos CPU.3 Riaz Rasul Malik H. Babington Bakre Isaac T. T. People *Freelance journalist, Lahore J.3 *Sports editor, Nigerian Television *West African Pilot, Lagos J.1 Sultan Beg Mirza Service, Lagos TV.7 Henry 0. Robbin *Bureau chief, Associated Press of Stephen Adepoju Bamgbade *Senior sub-editor, Western Nigeria Pakistan, Hyderabad J.14 *Technical director, Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation Mohammad Musitaque Broadcasting Corporation, Lagos TV.10* *News editor, Western Nigeria *Senior news editor, Asian Television Clarkson de Majomi Broadcasting Corporation J.6 Service (News Agency), Karachi TV.10 *Managing editor, the Globe, Lagos Olusegun Smith M. Muslehuddin **Editor-in-chief, Group Publications *Head of news, Nigerian Broadcasting *Senior news producer, Pakistan Ltd., Lagos J.4 Corporation, Lagos TV.10 Television Corporation, Lahore TV.10 Emokpae Eguaibor Jacob Sotayo Sotunde G. M. Naqqash *News assistant, news division, *Assistant chief engineer, Nigerian *Senior sub-editor, Lahore edition, Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation, Broadcasting Corporation TV.3 Pakistan Times CPU.3 Lagos Alhaji Isa Ade Sowunmi A. H. Naqvi **Senior sub-editor, news division, *Head of film unit, Broadcasting *News editor, the Leader, Karachi Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation J.7 Company of Northern Nigeria TV.8 CPU.1 Jerome Elaiho Mohammed Suleiman M. A. Masud Qureshi *Observer while on unpaid study leave *News editor, Broadcasting Company **Director, educational broadcasts, from Nigerian Broadcasting of Northern Nigeria TV.10 Radio Pakistan, Rawalpindi TV.3 Corporation TV.10 Jonathan Tobun Syed Irshad Hussain Raashed Benjamin M. Elegbe *Sponsored by Nigerian Broadcasting *Senior reporter, Pakistan Times, *CCU and telecine operator, Broad- Corporation while studying in Britain Lahore J.15 casting Company of Northern Nigeria TV.6 Serajur Rahman **Engineering assistant (Grade I), Samuel Udensi **Producer, BBC Eastern Service TV.3 Broadcasting Company of Northern *News editor, Eastern Nigeria Miss Abida Reasat Rizvi Nigeria TV.4 Broadcasting Corporation, Enugu J.7 *Feature writer, the Daily Anjam, Moses Olajide Okon Willie Udoh Karachi CPU.2 *Head of news, Daily Sketch, Ibadan industrial and political correspondent, Saleem Shahed J.4 Nigerian Outlook, Enugu **Relief staff of Pakistan Section, 30 BBC, London TV.4 B. A. A. Davies Television *Sierra Leone Television TV.2 **Producer, education programmes, Abdul Aziz Ahmed Shaikh Syrian Arab Television TV.4 *Assistant editor, Daily !brat Samuel Rogers Faux Hyderabad J.16 *Maintenance technician, Sierra Leone TAIWAN Maqbul Ahmen Shariff Television TV.8 Adam Chang *Senior reporter, Pakistan Times Julius Grey-Coker *Director of news dept., (sponsored by Pakistan Television *Government Information Service J.6 Broadcasting Company of China, Service) TV.5 Archibald St. John Taipei TV.10 Mahmoud Ali Sheikh *Junior producer, Sierra Leone Chen Shih-Chi *Student of radio electronics Television TV.6 *Chief editor, Vista, Yungho **University of Missouri, USA TV.3 Thomas Tucker **Chief of editorial centre, Government Miss Nasrin Siddiqui *Shift leader in Master Control, Sierra Information Office, Taipei J.8 *Television Promoters Company, Leone Television TV.6 Lahore Miss Adeline Williams TANZANIA **Ministry of Information and *Continuity announcer and presenter, Hubert Cheche Broadcasting, Rawalpindi TV,4 Sierra Leone Television TV.8 *Assistant news editor, Tanzanian Mofazzal Hussain Sircar Broadcasting Corporation, Dar-es- *Manager, Bengali Daily Azad, Dacca SINGAPORE Salaam J.5 NM David Kraal Seth Kitange *Sub-editor, Straits Times J.12 *Reporter, Tanzanian office, Target PERU and Lengo Miss Lina Alberti SOMALI REPUBLIC **Editor, Target and Lengo, Nairobi Saed Aden Abdullahi J.16 *Feature writer, Latin American *Chief reporter, Somali News Agency, Tourism, Lima J.7 Hadji S. Konde Hugo Fernandez Sonna, Mogadishu J.15 *Sub-editor, the Standard, Dar-es- *Production manager, Panamerica Ebrahim Elmi Salaam CPU.4 Television, Lima TV.8 *Features editor, Somali News, Mrs. R. Parekh Angel Santisteban Ministry of Information, Mogadishu *Freelance journalist, Dar-es-Salaam 4.1,11 *Assistant to director, Expresso, THAILAND Lima J.2 **UN Information Centre, Lima J.2 SOUTH AFRICA Surachart Kanchanavanit Basil Bikitsha *News editor, Army Television in *Feature writer, World, Randfontein J.8Bangkok (with rank of Captain) TV.10 PHIUPPINES Anthony Rider Piyavongse Karnasuta Manuel Obias Benitez *Assistant editor, Rand Daily Mail, *Attended courses as observer before *Night news editor, Manila Times J.13 Johannesburg J.8 joining Bangkok Broadcasting and Willie Chua Depositario Owen M. Vanqa Television Co. TV.9, TV.10 *Correspondent, Philippine News *Reporter, Daily Despatch, Umtata, Miss Suri Phancharoen Service J.15 Transkei J.15 *Producer/co-ordinator on cultural and Mrs. C. Navarro-Pedrosa educational programmes, Thai *Reporter, Manila Chronicle J.5 SOUTH VIETNAM Television Company, Bangkok TV.6 Benjamin Penaranda Diep Luong-Thanh Kamthorn Suvanpiyasira *Political correspondent, Manila *In charge of radio engineering **Producer-director, Thai Television Chronicle J.10 training, National Broadcasting System,Company, Bangkok TV.1 Francisco Prospero Saigon TV.8 Prakas Vacharaporn *Master control supervisor, Huynh Chan Thinh *Assistant editor, Sam Seri, Bangkok Associated Broadcasting Corporation, *Rewriter, Vietnam Press news agency,J.3 Manila TV.9 Saigon J.8 Rudolpho Reyes Le Van Hung TRINIDAD *News director, ABS-CBN Broad- *Managing editor, Saigon Daily News Nizam All *Sub-editor, Trinidad Guardian, Port casting Corporation, Quezon City J.13 TV.10 of Spain J.7 SUDAN Miss Eunice Blow° RHODESIA Osmar Mohamed Ahmed *Broadcasting officer, public relations Job Gervasius Jonhera *Studio equipment operator, Sudan division, Prime Minister's Office *Telecine operator, Rhodesia Television Service TV.5 **Now Mrs. Eunice Alleyne, Broadcast- Television TV.4 A. M. El Sawi ing officer, Government Broadcasting Edward M. N heta *Alayam, Khartoum J.15 Unit TV.1 *Literary editor, Cou,icil of Churches, Mohammed All Abdel Gadir McDonald Vernon Anthony Salisbury J.11, MF.4 *Maintenance technician, Sudan Canterbury Cornelius Dick Watyoka Television Service TV.5 *Assistant film technician, Govern. *Assistant editor, Murimi, Salisbury Mohammed El M. Khalif a ment Film Unit TV.4 J.15 *El Ann, Khartoum MF.2 John Myers Zakaria Gad Karim *Trinidad Publishing Company, Port RUMANIA *Editor, Gezira, Barakat J.10 of Spain J.1 Heini Brunstein K. H. Mahmoud Raoul Pantin *Feature writer, Viata Romaneasca J.16*El Umma, Khartoum J.14 *Industrial reporter, Trinidad Guardian, Yahia Mutwakil Port of Spain SARAWAK *Head of news division, Sudan **Business editor, Trinidad Guardian, Ashari Manis Television Service J.4 Port of Spain J.12 *Government Information Service, El Hadi Yousif Lloyd G. Rohlehr *Press and information officer, Gezira, *Producer, Trinidad and Tobago Kuching J.8 Television Company Barakat 11.7 **Producer, editor, current affairs, SIERRA LEONE Trinidad and Tobago Television Imram Obba Bright SYRIA Marwan Babil Company TV.7 *Sub-editor, department of social Mrs. Stella Seale services (information division), *Director of advertising, Al Ayyam J.6 **Daily News, Kuwait J.6 *Producer, education programmes, for Freetown radio and TV, Ministry of Education **Information attache, Embassy of Khaldoun Hakim Sierra Leone, Washington, U.S.A. J.11 *Assistant director, Syrian Arab TV.1 31 Harry Sooklal UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC Tasker B. Mulayantanda **TV Producer, Ministry of Education Eshan Bakr *Zambia Broadcasting Service (radio) TV.2 *Foreign correspondent, Al-Alf ram, TV.6 Cairo J.1 Bernard Mwanza TURKEY Rifaat N. Bedros *Programme director, Zambia Mrs. Zeynip Birsel-Oral *Editor, Hawaa, Cairo J.8 Television Ltd., Lusaka TV.9 *Reporter fart editor, Yeni Gazette Milad Bissada Zora K. Siwale **Assistant editor, Milliyet's Woman's *U.A.R. Television Service, Cairo TV.2 *Sub-editor, Zambia Television Ltd., Magazine (weekly), Istanbul J.12 Osman Samie El-Ad! Lusaka TV.7 Unlen Demiralp *Senior editor, News Department, *Producer/director, Radio Ankara TV.1 U.A.R. Television, Cairo TV.10 Teoman Ertan Ismail El Baquary *Programme department, Turkish *Deputy sports editor, AI-Ahram, Radio and Television Corporation, Cairo J.9 Ankara Mrs. Siham el Dib **Head of features, Turkish Radio and *Film director, U.A.R. Television Television Corporation TV.7 Service, Cairo TV.5 Suleyman Soner Heplevent Miss Maha Abdel Fattah *Programme planning administrator, *Diplomatic correspondent Akbar el Radio Ankara Yom, Cairo **Self-employed, advertising agency **Diplomatic editor, Akbar el Yom, TV.3 Cairo J.1 Miss Suheyla Ozdemir Mrs. Z. Hassan Khalil *Vision mixer, Turkish Radio and *Reporter/women's editor, Al Television Corporation Mossawar, Dar El Hilal, Cairo J.3 **Producer/director, Turkish Radio Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud and Television Corporation TV.9 *Al-Ahram, Cairo J.10 Altan Santepe Mohammed M. Sallam *Chief of sports service, Yeni Asir J.4 *Studio cameraman, U.A.R. Television Oguz Seren Service, Cairo TV.10 *Night editor, Cumhuriyet J.9 Orhan Turel UNITED KINGDOM *Senior reporter, Mil lyet Nigel Gerard Carling **Foreign affairs reporter, Millyet J.6 *Planning officer, Oxford Mail and Times Ltd., Oxford NM UGANDA Adrian Frank Dobson John Nelson Bagenda-Mpima *Assistant to the editor, Evening Star, *Reporter/feature writer, the People, Burnley NM Kampala J.11 David Devene Fitzpatrick Peter Lubswa Basajja *Development manager, Lancaster *Senior information assistant, Guardian, Lancaster NM Ministry of Information, Kampala J.10 Dome Okochi Budohi URUGUAY *Uganda Argus Gerardo Fernandez **Public relations officer, East African *Editor, drama section, Marcha J.5 Power and Lighting Company, Nairobi J.2 Aloysius Ggala VENEZUELA *Catholic Daily, Kampala A. Bianchi **Press officer, U.S.I.S., Kampala J.1 *Political and diplomatic correspondent, Dithan Edward Kavuma Daily Journal, Caracas J.3 *Programme director, Uganda Cesar Manzanares Television Service TV.9 *Transmission controller, Venevision, E. D. Kavuma Caracas TV.5 **Senior programme producer/ N. L. Negron supervisor, Uganda Television Service *Radio Nacional de Venezuela, Caracas TV.2 TV.1 Luke S. Kazinja Manuel Adrian Pantin Information officer, Ministry of *Foreign editor, the Daily Journal, Information, Kampala J.5 Caracas J.16 Roger Kivu le *Producer, Uganda Television Service:.ZAMBIA TV.5 Kenneth Chibesakunda Mark Kiwanuka-Zake *Producer (radio),Zambia *Editor, Taifa Empya J.10 Broadcasting SerVice TV.5 Henry Michael Lumu Ignatius Chileshe *Art director, Ministry of Informition, ,:;!eprogranyme director'? Zambia Kampala TV.4 Broadcasting Service TV.8 Louis Mabaraza NebuchadnezarJe4e *Senior technical assistant !(*Nnr6i..ihterloperatoi-, Ministry of (outside broadcasts), Uganda 1 Information TV.5 Television Service TV.5 -Michael Mestitba-Kangote Daniel Matovu *Associate editor, The Miner, Kitwe *Senior reporter, The People, Kampala J.16 **Deceased J.15 Cuthbert Y. Katebe Elishama Wamala *Deputy chief sub-editor, the Miner, *Producer/presenter (light entertain- Kitwe ment), Uganda Television Service Adrinn A. Koenderman **Student at Makerere University *Lusaka representative of the Times College for Diploma in Drama TV.6 of Zambia CPU.2 32 ERIC ekatinehouse UTZ a wu on Adult Education

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