Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys in Parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys in Parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Upper left—U.S. Geological Survey long-term monitoring well TI 891 (site number 421213076313301) near Spencer, New York Lower Right—A typical field set up of a horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise seismic survey.

Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys in Parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

By Todd S. Miller and Lacey M. Pitman

Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

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Suggested citation: Miller, T.S., and Pitman, L.M., 2012, Hydrogeology of the stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127, 45 p., 3 pls., at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5127. iii

Contents

Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 2 Purpose and Scope...... 2 Data Sources and Methods...... 2 Wells and Well Locations...... 5 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock ...... 5 Water Table and Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow ...... 19 Stratified-Drift Aquifers and Confining Units...... 19 Recharge, Discharge, Water Table, and Direction of Groundwater Flow...... 20 Summary...... 22 References Cited...... 22 Appendix 1. Well data for Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York...... 24

Figures

1. Map showing location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York...... 3 2. Map showing physiographic features of New York and location of the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifer study areas, New York...... 4 3. Map showing location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers and major lineaments that are faults and suspected faults in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York...... 6 4. Map showing types of stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York...... 8 5. Geohydrologic section A–A’ across the Pony Hollow valley, along Connecticut Hill Road, Tompkins County, New York...... 9 6. Geohydrologic section B–B’ across Pony Hollow valley, along Cayuta Road, Tompkins County, New York...... 10 7. Geohydrologic section C–C’ across Cayuta Creek valley, 1.9 miles south of Cayuta, Schuyler County, New York...... 11 8. Geohydrologic section D–D’ across Cayuta Creek valley at Van Etten, Chemung County, New York...... 12 9. Geohydrologic section E–E’ across Cayuta Creek valley at North Waverly, Tioga County, New York...... 13 10. Geohydrologic section F–F’ across Catatonk Creek valley near Spencer Lake, Tioga County, New York...... 14 11. Geohydrologic section G–G’ across Catatonk Creek valley, 0.6 mile east of the border between Tioga and Chemung Counties, New York...... 15 12. Geohydrologic section H–H’ across Catatonk Creek valley, along West Candor Road, Town of Candor, Tioga County, New York...... 16 13. Geohydrologic section I–I’ across Catatonk Creek, 1.5 miles south of Village of Candor, Tioga County, New York...... 17 iv

14. Geohydrologic section J–J’ across the Catatonk Creek valley, 1.2 miles south of Catatonk, Tioga County, New York...... 18 15. Graph showing groundwater levels from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2010, in well TI 891 (site number 421213076313301) near Spencer, New York...... 21

Plates

1. Stratified-drift aquifers, basin boundaries, and location of wells, test borings, geohydrologic lines of sections, and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise seismic surveys in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York 2. Surficial deposits and lines of geologic sections in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York 3. Water table in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York

Conversion Factors, Datums, and Abbreviations

Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in.) 2.54 centimeter (cm) inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Volume gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m3) Flow rate gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.06309 liter per second (L/s) inch per year (in/yr) 25.4 millimeter per year (mm/yr)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: °F=(1.8×°C)+32 Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: °C=(°F–32)/1.8 Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum. v

List of Acronyms

H/V horizontal-to-vertical LIDAR light detection and ranging NYSDEC New York State Department of Environmental Conservation SSURGO Soil Survey Geographic Database USGS U.S. Geological Survey This page has been left blank intentionally. Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and 76°45' Catatonk Creek Valleys in Parts76°30' of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York Marcellus Shale NEW YORK Play area By Todd S. Miller and Lacey M. Pitman Utica Shale Play area SCHUYLER COUNTY TOMPKINS COUNTY Map area Hamlet of

S Danby Willseyville t . Abstract L a w The surficial deposits, areal extentre of aquifers, and southern part of the Catatonk Creek valley. These unconfined n c Hamletthe water-table configurations of the stratified-drifte R aquifer and confined aquifers are the source of water for most ofsystems in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creekiv valleys er Ba residents, farms, and businesses in the valleys.

Alpineand their large tributary valleys in Tompkins, Schuyler, sin Creek Su A generalized depiction of the water table in the Chemung, and Tioga Counties, Newsq York were mapped in unconfined aquifer was constructed using water-level 2009, in cooperation with the New Yorkue State Department of han measurements made from the 1950s through 2010, as well EnvironmentalHamlet Conservation. of Well and test-boringna records, River b as LIDAR data that were used to determineHamlet the altitudes of surficial depositCayuta maps, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)asi n of perennial streams at 10-foot contour intervals and water data, soils maps, and horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise Willseyville surfaces of ponds and wetlands that are hydraulically Valley seismic surveys were used to map the extent of the aquifers, connected to the unconfined aquifer. The configuration of Owego Creek construct geologic sections, and determine the depth to the water-table contours indicate that the general direction of bedrock (thickness of valley-fill deposits) at selected locations. Basin (subbasin of Geologic materials in the study area include sedimentary groundwater flow within Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek the Susquehanna stratified-drift aquifers is predominantly from the valley walls bedrock, unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine River Basin 42°15' and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent alluvium. Stratified toward the main streams in the valleys. The groundwater drift consisting of glaciofluvial sand and gravel is the major discharges from the aquifer system to the main-stem streams component of the valley fill in this study area. The deposits in the valleys. Locally, the direction of groundwater flow is are present in sufficient amounts in most places to form radially away from groundwater mounds that have formed extensive unconfined aquifers throughout the study area and, beneath upland tributaries that typically lose water where in some places, confined aquifers. Stratified drift consisting of they flow on alluvialVillage fans in of the valleys. In some places, glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay are present locallyVillage in of groundwater that wouldSpencer normally flow toward streams is Village of valleys underlying the surficial sand and gravel deposits in the intercepted by pumping wells. Van Etten Candor

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TIOGA COUNTY Creek

Owego EXPLANATION Cayuga Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer Village of Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer Owego Cayuta Creek Basin boundary (subbasin of the Susquehanna River Basin (not shown) Catatonk Creek Basin boundary (subbasin of the Susquehanna River Basin (not shown) General direction of surface-water flow

Susquehanna River Susquehanna River

Village of 42°0' Waverly NEW YORK 0 5 10 MILES PENNSYLVANNIA

0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System, accessed in 2009 at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18

Figure 1. Location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York 2 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

Introduction to the northern rim of the plateau (fig. 2). Clayton (1965) referred to these Finger Lakes valleys as “intrusive troughs” In 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in that were carved when ice that flowed south from the Ontario cooperation with the New York State Department of Lowlands (fig. 2) encountered a landmass of higher altitude. Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), began an appraisal Glacial meltwaters and post-glacial streams deposited large of the straitified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and amounts of stratified drift in the main valleys. The stratified Catatonk Creek valleys in Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and drift composed of coarse-grained sediments (sand and gravel) Tioga Counties, New York (fig. 1). This study is a continuation formed extensive aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk of a series of hydrogeologic appraisals done in cooperation Creek valleys (fig. 1). These stratified-drift aquifers provide with the NYSDEC. These reports provide a foundation for sources of water for most residents, farms, and businesses in wellhead protection programs, water-resource management the valleys. and planning decisions, and groundwater remediation activites in upstate New York. In addition, horizontal drilling and hydraulic-fracturing techniques have made the Marcellus Purpose and Scope Shale and Utica Shale gas-play areas (see inset map, fig. 1) This report summarizes the hydrogeology of the an exploitable natural gas resource in the Northeast. Gas straitified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk development in New York State will initially focus in the Creek valleys in Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga southern part in central New York, which is underlain by the Marcellus Shale and Utica Shale gas-play areas. State, county, Counties, New York. Maps were constructed that depict municipal, and other governmental agencies are requesting aquifer extent, aquifer types, locations of wells and horizontal- hydrogeologic information that will help decision makers to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise seismic surveys, surficial evaluate the potential effects of gas drilling and hydraulic deposits, and water-table configurations. The extents of fracturing operations on aquifers that supply potable water. stratified-drift aquifers, and locations of wells, test borings, Stratified-drift aquifers, which are the major sources of potable and seismic-surveys are shown in plate 1. The types of groundwater in New York, therefore need to be delineated and surficial deposits and lines of geologic sections are shown their basic hydrogeologic characteristics defined. in plate 2. The water-table configuration is shown in plate 3. The 27-mile (mi)-long Cayuta Creek valley and the Geologic sections are shown in figures and a table of well data 23-mi-long Catatonk Creek valley lie within the north-central is included in an appendix. part of the glaciated Appalachian Plateau in central New York (fig. 2). Cayuta Creek flows generally southward and enters the Susquehanna River at the Village of Waverly (fig. 1). Data Sources and Methods Catatonk Creek initially flows southward from its headwaters Regional-scale surficial-deposit maps by Muller and to Spencer, then it flows eastward-northeastward from Spencer Cadwell (1986, scale 1:250,000) and R.S. Tarr (in Williams to Candor, where it then flows southeastward to the confluence and others, 1909, scale 1:62,500) were modified for this with Owego Creek, which flows 2 mi southward before study to construct a detailed surficial-deposits map at a joining the Susquehanna River (fig. 1). scale of 1:24,000 using field mapping; and interpretations of The valleys are surrounded by rounded hills of moderately high relief ranging from 300 to 700 feet (ft) above topographic maps, soil maps (SSURGO digital soil-survey the valley floor. The preglacial valleys that were oriented data; U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2008), and orthophotos. along the primary direction of glacier movement (north to In addition, subsurface data including well- and test-drilling south), such as Catatonk Creek valley north of the Village of records and H/V ambient-noise seismic surveys (a geophysical Spencer, Cayuta Creek valley near the hamlets of Alpine and method that was used to estimate the thickness of sediments Cayuta, and Willseyville Creek valley north of the Village of over bedrock) were collected at 50 sites (plate 1). The H/V Candor (fig. 1), were widened extensively and deepened by ambient-noise seismic method uses a single, broadband flowing ice and subglacial meltwater. Erosion by ice truncated three-component seismometer to record ambient seismic bedrock hillsides (spurs) resulting in nearly straight, U-shaped noise. The ratio of the averaged H/V frequency spectrum is bedrock troughs. The Finger Lakes in central New York are used to determine the fundamental site resonance frequency, examples of bedrock troughs that are common along the which can be interpreted using regression equations to northern rim of the Appalachian Plateau (fig. 2), and many estimate sediment thickness and depth to bedrock (Lane and of these troughs extend southward from the Finger Lakes others, 2008). Introduction 3

76°45' 76°30'

Marcellus Shale NEW Play area YORK

SCHUYLER COUNTY Utica Shale TOMPKINS COUNTY Map area Play area

Hamlet of

S Danby Willseyville t . L a w re Hamlet n c e R of iv er Alpine Ba sin Creek Su sq ueh ann Hamlet of a Ri

Cayuta ver Basin Hamlet of Willseyville Valley Owego Creek Basin (subbasin of the Susquehanna 42°15' River Basin

Village of Spencer Village of Village of Van Etten Candor

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TIOGA COUNTY EXPLANATION Creek

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift

aquifer Owego Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer Cayuta Creek Basin boundary Village of (subbasin of the Susquehanna River Owego Basin (not shown) Catatonk Creek Basin boundary (subbasin of the Susquehanna River Basin (not shown) General direction of surface-water flow

Susquehanna River Susquehanna River

Village of Waverly 42° NEW YORK PENNSYLVANNIA

Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System, 0 5 10 MILES accessed in 2009 at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18 0 5 10 KILOMETERS

Figure 1. Location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers in parts of Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New York. Miller_fig 01 4 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

80° 78° 76° 74° 72° 45°

St. Lawrence-Champlain Lowlands

CANADA

Adirondack Mountains VERMONT

Tug Hill LAKE ONTARIO Plateau

Ontario Lowlands Mohawk NEW 43°

HAMPSHIRE Finger Lakes and hills of the Lowlands Appalachian Plateau Erie (severly eroded low relief) Lowlandss Lowlands Valley Heads LAKE ERIE Moraine Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifer study area (in red) Appalachian Plateau Watkins Glen MASSACHUSETTS (hills of moderate relief) brine field Appalachian Plateau NEW YORK (hills of moderate relief) PENNSYLVANNIA Cayuta Creek stratified-drift

aquifer study area (in blue) New England Uplands

Hudson CONNECTICUT

41° LONG ISLAND SOUND 0 50 100 MILES Triassic Lowland 0 50 100 KILOMETERS NEW JERSEY Atlantic Coastal Plain ATLANTIC OCEAN

Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1972, 1:2,000,000 Modified from Cressey, 1966, figure 9 Albers Equal-Area Conic projection Standard parallels 20°30' and 45°30', central meridian -96°00'

Figure 2. Physiographic features of New York and location of the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifer study areas, New York.

Miller_fig 02 Introduction 5

Sources of well and test-boring data include previous 416–359.2 million years ago (Rickard and Fisher, 1970). The USGS groundwater studies by Wetterhall (1959), Randall study area lies at the transition between the thick sequence (1972), McPherson and Miller (1994), and Miller and Karig of coarse clastic rocks of the Catskill Delta facies to the east (2010), the USGS National Water Information System and thinner, equivalent and more laterally extensive marine (NWIS), the NYSDEC Water Well Drillers Registration rocks to the west. Bedrock crops out at land surface along the Program (well records from 2000 to 2010), and the New flanks of many of the valleys and on hilltops. The strata were York State Department of Transportation (appendix). Well, uplifted during the Alleghenian Orogeny during the end of the test-boring, and seismic data (plate 1), and surficial deposits Paleozoic Era about 280–320 million years ago (Isachsen and data (plate 2), were used to define and map the extent of the others, 1991). The regional dip of the strata is southward at aquifers, determine the aquifer type (unconfined, confined, or 40 to 60 feet per mile (ft/mi); however, the strata are warped both), depict the geologic stratigraphy in 10 geohydrologic into shallow open folds with axes trending east to northeast, sections, and determine the depth to bedrock (thickness of which result in local variations in dip and, in some places, unconsolidated valley-fill deposits) at selected locations. reversal of dip. Most well and test-boring records included groundwater-level Many of the valley reaches in the study area follow measurements that were used along with altitudes of stream predominant lineaments (fig. 3), some of which reflect zones channels and ponds determined from Light Detection and of concentrated fractures, known faults, and “suspected faults” Ranging (LIDAR) data to construct a generalized water-table (Jacobi, 2002; Podwysocki and others, 1982; Pohn, 1981; and map of the aquifers (plate 3). Stone & Webber, 1978). These zones of concentrated fractures and faults controlled the development of the configuration of the major valleys in the study area. The drainage pattern of Catatonk Creek valley has a conspicuous reticular pattern that Wells and Well Locations suggests it was controlled by lineaments and which contrasts with the dendritic drainage pattern present in the uplands A total of 367 well and test-boring records were compiled where valley configuration is less influenced by lineaments. for this study (plate 1 and appendix). A total of 111 well Although, the presence of concentrated fracture zones and records and 13 test-boring records were collected and faults in these valleys was not confirmed everywhere because compiled for the Cayuta Creek stratified-drift aquifer study of a sparsity of deep well logs, their presence was based on area; and 236 well records and 7 test-boring records were several other sources of data including: (1) digital contrast collected and compiled for the Catatonk Creek stratified-drift enhancement of several Landsat multispectral scanner aquifer study area. The locations of wells from the NYSDEC images, (2) analysis of lineament patterns from a Landsat Water Well Drillers Registration Program were field checked MSS-7 mosaic, (3) field mapping of bedrock joint patterns, by USGS personnel. The altitudes of land surface at the (4) compilation and analysis of surface and subsurface wells were determined from LIDAR data, where available structure and isopach maps, (5) collection and digital analysis (LIDAR data are available in all of Tompkins and Chemung of aeromagnetic data for southern New York, (6) compilation Counties, and in parts of Tioga County). In areas with no and analysis of aeromagnetic and gravity data for much of LIDAR data (Schuyler County and in parts of Tioga County), New York and Pennsylvania, and (7) analysis of seismic the altitudes of land surface at the wells were estimated from reflection survey lines for selected portions of New York USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic contour maps. Water-level and Pennsylvania. measuring points were referenced to land surface. In areas Some faults and fractures result in disturbed zones where LIDAR data (accuracy is 0.5 to 1 foot (ft)) were used, of crushed rock, which locally enhance the secondary a more accurate altitude of the water table (plate 3) was permeability of the rock. If the faulted zones were not sealed constructed compared with areas where LIDAR data were by precipitation of minerals from hydrothermal fluids, then not available (accuracy is plus or minus 5 ft in areas where the secondary permeabilty along these zones could act as altitudes were determined from 1:24,000 scale topographic conduits through which groundwater (as well as methane- contour maps). rich fluids) may migrate (Fountain and Jacobi, 2000). Some fracture zones and faults are vertical to near-vertical and pass through gently dipping strata that act as confining Surficial Deposits and Bedrock units, thereby creating a local hydraulic connection between vertically-stacked geohydrologic units. For example, when Geologic materials in the study area include sedimentary a 2,900-ft-deep vertical well (well 29, Jacoby and Dellwig, bedrock, unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine 1974) at the Watkins Glen brine field (fig. 2) was hydraulically and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent alluvium (plate 2). fractured, brine flowed up to land surface reportedly through Bedrock that crops out at land surface in the study area a large north-south trending shear fault that has an estimated consists of Upper to Middle Devonian interfingering 1,200 ft horizontal displacement (Jacoby and Dellwig, 1974). shales and siltstones with some fine-grained sandstones, Likewise, should vertical faults extend from a gas-producing limestones, and dolostones that were deposited in seas formation to beneath the bottom of the stratified-drift aquifers 6 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

76°45' 76°30'

SCHUYLER COUNTY

Hamlet TOMPKINS COUNTY of Alpine Hamlet of Cayuta Hamlet of Willseyville

42°15'

Village of Village of Spencer Village of Van Etten Candor

CHEMUNG COUNTY

TIOGA COUNTY

Village of Owego

Village of 42°0' Waverly NEW YORK PENNSYLVANNIA 0 5 10 MILES

0 5 10 KILOMETERS Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System, accessed in 2009 (Lineaments mapped by Podwysocki and others, 1982) at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18 EXPLANATION Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer Major lineaments that are faults and suspected faults

Figure 3. Location of Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers and major lineaments that are faults and suspected faults in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York. Miller_fig 03 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 7 in the valleys, it also is possible that methane, methane-rich to bedrock is also deep (more than 75 to 100 ft) and, locally, fluids, and fracking fluids could migrate upward via the faults where the valley fill is less than 75 ft thick, such as in the during the hydrofracking of the gas-producing formation southern part of the valley (fig. 13). and contaminate sand and gravel aquifers. Because of the Recent deposits of Holocene age, including alluvium presence and nature of these fracture zones, it is important and alluvial fans, comprise a major portion of the stratified that hydrofracking operations evaluate the presence of major deposits in many parts of the study area (plate 2, figs. 7 faults and zones of concentrated fractures in order to avoid the and 11). The prevalence of alluvial deposits in many places risk of gases and fluids migrating upward and contaminating indicates that post-glacial erosion of the uplands contributed a shallow aquifers that are sources of potable water to many large volume of sediment that has accumulated in the valleys. residents and communities. A prominent geologic feature in the northern part of the The study area has undergone several major glaciations study area is the Valley Heads Moraine (plate 2), which is during the Pleistocene Epoch, commonly referred to as part of the most extensive moraine system in New York State the Ice Age, which began 2.6 million years ago and ended (fig. 2) and forms the drainage divide in major valleys between 11,850 years before present, with the end date expressed in the St. Lawrence and Susquehanna River Basins (fig. 1). This radiocarbon years (Fullerton, 1980). Most glacial sediments large moraine was deposited during a readvance of ice during were deposited during the end of the most recent (Wisconsin) the late Wisconsinan Period. Large amounts of sediment were glacial epoch. The epoch lasted from about 95,000 to deposited at the terminus of a stagnant ice lobe that extended 11,850 years ago with most of the glacial sediments deposited several miles south from the main ice massif and into the from about 20,000 to 11,850 years ago. northern part of the study area. The unstratified glacial drift in the study area consists The thickness of unconsolidated sediments beneath of till (plate 2), which is an unsorted mixture of clay, silt, the Valley Heads Moraine ranges from 150 ft to more than sand, gravel, and rocks that were deposited directly by glacial 200 ft. The moraine includes hummocky kames and kettles, ice, rather than by meltwater. The larger gravel and rock kame terraces, and large channels that were former outwash clasts, which typically are embedded in a fine-grained matrix channels and outlets for proglacial lakes that occupied the consisting of clay, silt, and very fine sand, range in size from valleys to the north of the moraine (plate 2). The kame- and pebbles to boulders. In most places in the uplands, a layer of kettle ice-disintegration landforms and the absence of end- till that directly overlies bedrock is the sole unconsolidated moraine ridges are topographic evidence indicating that the deposit. Till typically has low hydraulic conductivity and, margin of the Valley Heads Moraine ice melted under stagnant therefore, does not form aquifers. ice conditions. The moraine is composed mostly of coarse- Stratified-drift deposits consisting of glaciofluvial, grained (sand and gravel) kame end-moraine deposits (fig. 10) glaciolacustrine, and recent deposits (alluvial sand and gravel, that were transported by meltwaters flowing beneath, within, and paludal swamp and marsh sediments) are present in the and on top of the ice. In some places, along the margins valleys (plate 2). Stratified sediments consisting of coarse- grained sediment (glaciolfluvial and alluvial sand and gravel) and on top of the kame end-moraine deposits are outwash, are the major components of the valley fill in the two study alluvial inwash, and recent alluvium (plate 2 and fig. 10). The areas. Large amounts of fluvial sediments were deposited stratigraphy in the deep zones beneath the moraine is unknown by glacial meltwaters as the ice retreated and by post-glacial because there are few well data in the deep parts of the valley streams. Glaciofluvial and alluvial deposits typically are found fill. Wells finished in the backside (north) of the moraine in the in sufficient thicknesses to form extensive unconfined aquifers Willseyville Creek valley penetrate a complex sequence of till, throughout the study area, as well as some locally confined glaciofluvial sand and gravel, and glaciolacustrine fine sand, aquifers (fig. 4). The geologic framework that forms the silt, and clay. aquifers and confining units are depicted in 10 geohydrologic In the headwaters of Catatonk Creek and Willseyville sections at selected locations in the valleys (sections A–A′ Creek valleys, the bedrock valley floor rises in altitude through J–J′ in figures 5 through 14, respectively). southward from the Finger Lake troughs (about 10 mi north In some parts of the study area, fine-grained stratified of the moraine, fig. 2) to about a mile or two south of the drift consists of glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay that Valley Heads Moraine (which coincided where former underlie the coarse-grained glaciofluvial and recent deposits. bedrock saddles formed preglacial drainage divides). At the Glaciolacustrine sediments, as well as till have low hydraulic former preglacial drainage divides, the bedrock floor levels conductivity and form local confining units (figs. 4, 13, and off and then begins to decrease in altitude with a gentle slope 14). Glaciolacustrine sediments are more prevalent in the to the south. The thickness of the valley-fill deposits is much Catatonk Creek valley than in the Cayuta Creek valley. In the less to the south of the former preglacial drainage divides Cayuta Creek valley, glaciolacustrine sediments typically are (thicknesses typically range from 30 to 100 ft in the Cayuta present only where depth to bedrock is deep (more than 75 to Creek valley and from 40 to 150 ft in the Catatonk Creek 100 ft), such as between the hamlets of Alpine and Cayuta in valley) than it is to the north of the former preglacial drainage the northern part of the valley. In the Catatonk Creek valley, divides (thicknesses typically range from 200 ft to more than glaciolacustrine sediments typically are present where depth 300 ft). 8 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

76°45' 76°30'

NEW YORK SCHUYLER COUNTY TOMPKINS COUNTY Map area

Hamlet of Alpine

Hamlet of Hamlet of Cayuta Willseyville

42°15'

Village of Village of Spenser Village of Van Etten Candor

TIOGA COUNTY

CHEMUNG COUNTY

Village of Owego

Village of 42° Waverly NEW YORK 0 5 10 MILES PENNSYLVANNIA

0 5 10 KILOMETERS Base from U.S. Geological Survey, Seamless Data Distribution System, accessed in 2009 at http://seamless.usgs.gov Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 18 EXPLANATION

Mainly unconfined Unconfined (thin) unknown at depth Confined, may be some unconfined

Unconfined and confined, may be Confined Unknown complex (multiple aquifers) Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer Unconfined (thin) Unconfined and possibly confined Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer Unconfined, unknown at depth Unconfined (thin) and confined

Figure 4. Types of stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Tioga, Schuyler, and Chemung Counties, New York. Miller_fig 04 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 9

FEET 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 A ' seismic measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrow shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow NORTHWEST Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise Accurately to approximately located Unknown table Water Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude

. H/V ? 3,000 Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols tl r 1,190 af 2,500

1,195 H/V 1,190 ? 2,000

osg

1,185

H/V Pony Creek Pony Feet ?

EXPLANATION al r H/V lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy clay loam, or silty loam U.S. Geological Survey. TM = Tompkins County, number County, TM = Tompkins U.S. Geological Survey. and TD = total following TM is sequential well number, depth (in feet) of well and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile 1,500 Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly Well and site name —Site is assigned by the Well Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones,

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION TM 18 TM r tl

TD 58 TM 17 PROJECTED 17 TM of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks

TD 120

1,190 TM 18 TM H/V VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM TD 58 1,000 ?

osg H/V New York County, along Connecticut Hill Road, Tompkins across the Pony Hollow valley, af 500 —Stream-deposited

A–A’ 1,195 tl r 0 A SOUTHEAST FEET 1,300 1,200 1,100 1,000 Geohydrologic section beneath terrace remnants; as valley trains and outwash plains; as fans and aprons; delta topset beds. Forms the main part of unconfined aquifer in valley gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms part of the unconfined gravel, sand, silt, and clay. aquifer clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they Forms part of the unconfined aquifer join the main valley. Outwash sand and gravel —Chiefly Channel and flood-plain alluvium Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and

al af osg

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age Wisconsin of deposits Glaciofluvial Figure 5. Miller_fig 05 10 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York 1,250 1,200 1,100 1,000 900 FEET B ' NORTH 4,000 tl r by the U.S. Geological Survey. TM = Tompkins TM = Tompkins by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TM is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrow shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow

Water table Water Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic Accurately to approximately located Inferred Unknown Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude 1,125

TM2511 H/V

3,500 H/V TD 59 isg ?

Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols 1,190 TM 3 (Projected) 3 TM TD 60 .

? TM 4 TM 3,000 TD 26

? H/V isg 2,500 ? r Feet EXPLANATION 2,000

? ? ? H/V X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly calcareous loam, silt sandy clay or silty loam Till that typically consists of subangular to rounded clasts (fine Till pebbles to coarse cobbles) embedded in a fine-grained matrix. Sometimes this unit may be misidentified as till (referred to by drillers as hardpan) where it actually may be dirty gravel. Forms a confining unit, where present

Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, 1,120 Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment Ground-moraine deposits in valley fill (valley facies) — r tl tv Till of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks

1,500 VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM

H/V (projected) H/V TM2511 isg # TD 59 tv al

1,000 1,115 ud across Pony Hollow valley, along Cayuta Road, Tompkins County, New York County, along Cayuta Road, Tompkins across Pony Hollow valley,

os Pony Creek Pony B–B’ 500 r tl 0 B Geohydrologic section transported by upland tributary streams or outlets to proglacial Forms main part lakes and that were deposited in the valley. of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. pebbles. Forms upper part of a confined aquifer where overlain by till, otherwise, it forms an unconfined aquifer where not confined Forms lower part of a confined aquifer where overlain by till, otherwise, it forms an unconfined aquifer where not confined SOUTH

Inwash sand and gravel —Chiefly that were Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited gravel, Outwash sand —Chiefly or and silt containing scattered Undifferentiated alluvial sand and gravel (unknown origin) — 900 1,250 1,200 1,100 1,000 FEET al os isg ud

Figure 6. Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age Wisconsin of deposits Glaciofluvial Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Alluvial deposits of Wisconsin and Holocene age Miller_fig 06 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 11 FEET 1,250 1,200 1,150 1,100 1,050 1,000 at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrow shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow seismic measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock Water table Water Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude Accurately to approximately located Inferred Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise C ' 2,500

NORTHEAST H/V .

r * SY1372, SY1363 SY1372, Hydrologic symbols Geologic contacts TD 119 1,080

tl SY 728 SY

2,000 Cayuta Creek Cayuta TD 33

1,080 SY 726 726 SY TD 53 al

tl H/V

* 1,085 1,500 af Feet

r SY1556 TD 36

EXPLANATION

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION 1,090 by the U.S. Geological Survey. SY = Schuyler by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following SY is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy clay loam, or silty loam 1,000

Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly SY 726 SY VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM r tl TD 53 k Devonian-age rocks Till of late Wisconsin age Till tl 500 r across Cayuta Creek valley, 1.9 miles south of Cayuta, Schuyler County, New York 1.9 miles south of Cayuta, Schuyler County, across Cayuta Creek valley, C–C’ C 0 SOUTHWEST FEET 1,250 1,200 1,150 1,100 1,050 1,000 interlobate moraines, kame deltas, fans, eskers, and ice-fracture fillings. Hummocks, mounds, ridges, and knobs typically characterize the landscape. Ice- block depressions are common in some areas. Forms part of the unconfined aquifer along valley wall gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the gravel, sand, silt, and clay. unconfined aquifer and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where The lower portion of the unit they join the main valley. may be comprised of outwash sand and gravel. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer Ice-contact (kame) sand and gravel —Chiefly in kames, Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, Geohydrologic section

k al af Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age Figure 7. Miller_fig 07 12 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 800 D ' 4,000 NORTHEAST r tl 3,500 by the U.S. Geological Survey. CM = Chemung by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following CM is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrow shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow

Water table Water Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic Accurately to approximately located Unknown Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude Inferred

CM1058 H/V * TD 80 ?

985 CM 935 CM Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols 980 TD 27 r 3,000 k

. CM1042

2,500 TD 95 H/V (projected) H/V

* af CM1058

TD 80 980 Railroad Railroad

? H/V (projected) H/V * Feet 2,000 EXPLANATION al ? lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy loam, sandy clay or silty loam and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile VERTICAL EXAGGERATION x 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, r r tl VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN DATUM VERTICAL DATUM Till of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks 1,500

Cayuta Creek Cayuta H/V * ? 1,000 across Cayuta Creek valley at Van Etten, Chemung County, New York Etten, Chemung County, across Cayuta Creek valley at Van al D–D’ ?

500 Cayuta Creek Cayuta r Geohydrologic section D interlobate moraines, kame deltas, fans, eskers, and ice-fracture fillings. Hummocks, mounds, ridges, and knobs typically characterize the landscape. Ice- block depressions are common in some areas. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main The lower portion of the unit may be comprised valley. outwash sand and gravel. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. 0 Ice-contact (kame) sand and gravel —Chiefly in kames, Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and clay Man-made land —Artificial fill Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited gravel,

SOUTHWEST 950 900 850 800 FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 k al af Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age Figure 8. Miller_fig 08 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 13 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 FEET E ' EAST 4,000 r 3,500 at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrow shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow Water table Water Inferred Accurately to approximately located Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude tl

Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols 815 Pond

3,000

Cayuta Creek Cayuta osg .

TI 35 TI

TI 37 TI TD 75

2,500 TI 36 TI TD 109

TD 84 815 Feet 2,000 EXPLANATION by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga TI = Tioga by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TI is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile r

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION

Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, r 36 TI TD 84 Devonian-age rocks osg 1,500

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM

820 TI 381, TI 386 TI 381, TI TD 125 1,000 across Cayuta Creek valley at North Waverly, Tioga County, New York County, Tioga across Cayuta Creek valley at North Waverly, E–E’ 500 r tl beneath terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; delta topset beds. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy clay loam, or silty loam Geohydrologic section Outwash sand and gravel —Chiefly Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly

0 E WEST tl osg 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 FEET Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age of late Wisconsin age Till Figure 9. Miller_fig 09 14 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 800 F ' EAST 4,500 r

Michigan Creek Michigan al TI1182 (projected) TI1182 TD 79 by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga TI = Tioga by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TI is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well seismic measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock

Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Water table Water Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise Accurately to approximately located Unknown Inferred

4,000

TI 567 (projected) 567 TI

H/V TI1659 TD 128 TD 59

? lss H/V Hydrologic symbols Geologic contacts ? ? ? 3,500 .

H/V ke

3,000 TI 701D (projected) 701D TI r ?

TD 76 TI1659 (projected) TI1659 2,500 TD 59 Feet EXPLANATION of former glacial and postglacial lakes; some deposits are in small separate basins. Forms the lower part of Extent unconfined aquifer in the eastern part of valley. is unknown elsewhere and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy clay or silty loam

—Chiefly off-shore and near-shore deposits Silt and sand —Chiefly off-shore near-shore Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment H/V X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION ? 2,000 r tl lss Glaciolacustrine (lake) deposits of Wisconsin age Till of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks ke VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM ? 1,500

? TI 720 (projected) 720 TI TD 42 across Catatonk Creek valley near Spencer Lake, Tioga County, New York County, across Catatonk Creek valley near Spencer Lake, Tioga 1,000 F–F’

osg HV (projected) HV 500 r terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; delta topset beds. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer along western part of valley that form (1) linear or arcuate, ridges; (2) kame complex accumulations of ice-contact deposits in mounds, knobs, and hummocks; or (3) ice-contact deposits in belts of any all the latter landforms. The sediments were deposited at or near a stagnating glacial ice margin. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. Outwash sand and gravel —Chiefly beneath Kame end-moraine deposits —Chiefly sand and gravel Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited gravel, Geohydrologic section

al ke osg Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age F 0 WEST 950 900 850 800 Figure 10. FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 Miller_fig 10 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 15 FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 . G ' NORTHEAST at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrow shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude Water table Water Accurately to approximately located Inferred Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic

3,000

tl r H/V Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols af 1,000 2,500

1,015 TI 891 TI TD 53

1,010 TI1701 2,000

TD 59

1,005 H/V

1,000 r Feet Railroad 1,500 EXPLANATION

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION 995 TI = Tioga by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TI is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy clay loam, or silty loam

Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly

Small stream that drains wetland drains that stream Small TI 891 TI r tl TD 53 VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM Till of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks 1,000 hs tl 500 across Catatonk Creek valley, 0.6 mile east of the border between Tioga and Chemung Counties, New York 0.6 mile east of the border between Tioga across Catatonk Creek valley, G–G’ r 0 G SOUTHWEST 950 900 850 FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 peat, and organic residues mixed with fine sand, silt, peat mixed clay or (2) organic debris, muck, and, locally, with fine sand, silt, and clay in areas that intermittently are covered by standing water Geohydrologic section and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where The lower portion of the they join the main valley. unit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer Fresh-water swamp deposits —Chiefly (1) muck, mucky Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, Man-made land —Artificial fill

hs af Swamp deposits of Holocene age Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Figure 11. Miller_fig 11 16 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York FEET 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 850 H ' 4,500 NORTHEAST

4,000 TI1463 TD 160 tl Potentiometric contour —Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 5 feet. 88. Arrows shows general Datum is NAVD direction of groundwater flow Water table Water Horizontal-to-vertical ambient-noise seismic measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock Accurately to approximately located Inferred

r H/V 3,500 Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols 945

950 3,000 af osg

945 TI1301 ? + TD 32 2,500

? Catatonk Creek Catatonk Feet

osg r

940 ? EXPLANATION

SECTION H/V

Well and site name —Site is assigned Well TI = Tioga by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TI is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) of well number, well Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly calcareous loam, silt sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION BEND IN BEND 2,000

? TI1301 tl r al TD 32 Till of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks

VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM TI 706 (Gas exploration well, projected) well, exploration (Gas 706 TI TD 3,150

osg 1,500 945

H/V TI1395 New York County, Tioga of Candor, Candor Road, Town along West across Catatonk Creek valley, 1,000 TD 58 H–H’ 500 tl r Outwash sand and gravel —Chiefly beneath terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; delta topset beds. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where The lower portion of the they join the main valley. unit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited Forms upper part of the gravel, sand, silt, and clay. unconfined aquifer Geohydrologic section

al af

osg Alluvial deposits of Holocene age age Wisconsin of deposits Glaciofluvial 0 H 950 900 850 850 FEET SOUTHWEST Figure 12. 1,100 1,050 1,000 Miller_fig 12 Surficial Deposits and Bedrock 17 FEET 1,000 950 900 850 800 750 I '

NORTHEAST TI1253 TD 56 r 3,500 tl by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga TI = Tioga by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TI is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) well number, of well altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 2 feet. Datum is 88. Arrows shows general NAVD direction of groundwater flow

Well and site name —Site is assigned Well table Water Accurately to approximately located Inferred Potentiometric contour —Shows

Catatonk Creek Catatonk

TI 727 TI 862 TI 663 (projected) 663 TI TD 75 TD 58 3,000 866 Hydrologic symbols Geologic contacts al

. 864 ud 2,500

af TI 401 TI

TD 59 TI 277 TI TD 75

lss 866 2,000

Feet H/V r af

EXPLANATION TI 738D (projected) 738D TI * VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION TD 37 ud

1,500 868 bedrock to depth computed denotes Asterisk

origin) —Forms a confined aquifer where overlain by glaciolacustrine silt and sand, however it forms an unconfined aquifer where not confined in the east part of valley till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy clay or silty loam and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile

— measurement seismic ambient-noise Horizontal-to-vertical Undifferentiated glaciofluvial sand and gravel (unknown Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly lodgment Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, VERTICAL DATUM IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM H/V * tl r ud Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age Till of late Wisconsin age Till Devonian-age rocks af 1,000

lss

TI 278 TI TD 97

TI 279 TI 870 TD 35 across Catatonk Creek, 1.5 miles south of Village of Candor, Tioga County, New York County, Tioga of Candor, across Catatonk Creek, 1.5 miles south of Village ud

500

I–I’ TI 515D (projected) 515D TI TD 53 r I 0 SOUTHWEST 950 900 850 800 750 FEET 1,000 Geohydrologic section gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the gravel, sand, silt, and clay. unconfined aquifer deposits of former glacial and postglacial lakes; some deposits are in small separate basins. The thin and discontinuous in some areas. Forms a confining unit where composed mostly of silt and a semi-confining unit where composed mostly of sand and clay deposited as fans by upland tributaries where The lower portion of the they join the main valley. unit may be comprised of outwash or kame sand and gravel. Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer

Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited Silt and sand —Chiefly off-shore near-shore Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, af al lss Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Glaciolacustrine (lake) deposits of Wisconsin age Figure 13. Miller_fig 13 18 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York 1,000 950 900 850 800 750 FEET J' NORTHEAST 3,500 by the U.S. Geological Survey. TI = Tioga TI = Tioga by the U.S. Geological Survey. number following TI is sequential County, and TD = total depth (in feet) well number, of well altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Contour interval 2 feet. Datum is 88. Arrows shows general NAVD direction of groundwater flow Accurately to approximately located Inferred Well and site name —Site is assigned Well Potentiometric contour —Shows Water table Water

r TI 363 TI TD 37 tl 3,000 830 Geologic contacts Hydrologic symbols

. H/V 2,500 tl

830 TI1469 TD 52 2,000 ud

Feet r H/V and with some fine-grained sandstones, limestones dolostones units. Beds are gently folded and have a regional dip to the south from 40 60 feet per mile EXPLANATION (unknown origin) —Forms main part of the unconfined aquifer in the west part of valley and confined aquifer in the east part of valley lodgment till) —Consists of subangular to angular clasts (fine pebbles to boulders) embedded in a matrix consisting chiefly of calcareous loam, silt sandy loam, clay or silty loam measurement —Asterisk denotes computed depth to bedrock Bedrock —Mostly Devonian-age shales and siltstones, osg Undifferentiated glaciofluvial sand and gravel Ground-moraine deposits in the uplands (mostly Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ambient-noise

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION X 5 VERTICAL EXAGGERATION H/V r tl ud 1,500

Till of late Wisconsin age Till Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age (continued) Devonian-age rocks

828 Catatonk Creek Catatonk

ud 828

830 OF 1988 IS NORTH AMERICAN VERTICAL DATUM VERTICAL DATUM

TI1363 832

TD 37

832 TI 375 TI af 1,000 TD 131 tl 500 across the Catatonk Creek valley, 1.2 miles south of Catatonk, Tioga County, New York County, 1.2 miles south of Catatonk, Tioga across the Catatonk Creek valley, J–J’ r J 0 SOUTHWEST 950 900 850 800 750 FEET 1,000 lobate moraines, kame deltas, fans, eskers, and ice- fracture fillings. Hummocks, mounds, ridges, and knobs typically characterize the landscape. Ice-block depressions are common in some areas. The unit is probably mostly unsaturated or seasonally saturated terrace remnants; as valley trains and beneath outwash plains; as fans and aprons; delta topset beds. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer deposited as fans by upland tributaries where they join the main The lower portion of the unit may be comprised outwash valley. or kame sand and gravel. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. Forms upper part of the unconfined aquifer sand, silt, and clay. Ice-contact (kame) sand and gravel —Chiefly in kames, inter- Outwash sand and gravel —Chiefly beneath Alluvial-fan deposits —A complex of gravel, sand, silt, and clay Channel and flood-plain alluvium —Stream-deposited gravel, Geohydrologic section al af k

osg

Alluvial deposits of Holocene age Glaciofluvial deposits of Wisconsin age Wisconsin of deposits Glaciofluvial Miller_fig 14 Figure 14. Water Table and Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow 19

In the northern part of the study area, the drainage divide in some places (fig. 4). Relatively thin unconfined aquifers in the major valleys (Pony Hollow, headwaters of Cayuta also are present in the large tributary valleys, but their extent Creek near Alpine, Catatonk Creek north of the Village of is not well known because few well data are available for Spencer and headwaters of Willseyville Creek) crosses broad those areas. The unconfined aquifers are composed of coarse- valleys whose valley floors slope gently to the south from grained stratified deposits, such as alluvial and glaciofluvial the divide. In front (south) of the Valley Heads Moraine, sand and gravel. Most wells in the study area tap the meltwaters deposited large amounts of outwash sand and unconfined aquifers. gravel in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys. These In most places in the unconfined aquifers, the outwash deposits form the largest aquifer units in the study groundwater system is hydraulically connected to the main- area. The outwash deposits are coarsest and thickest (as much stem streams in the valleys. In these areas, the yields from the as 100 ft thick) close to the front of the Valley Heads Moraine, aquifers are potentially large because water withdrawals from which was near the source of the sediment and where the large pumping wells could be supplemented by water induced stream gradient of meltwaters was steepest. The thickness from the streams. Yields from the aquifers, however, may be of the outwash and the grain sizes of clasts decrease with less in anomalous geohydrologic settings at four headwater increasing distance southward from the moraine. valleys in the study area. Typically, drainage divides follow In the 27-mi-long Cayuta Creek valley, outwash, kame, the crests of ridges and headwater streams descend steep and recent alluvial sediments are the predominant deposits slopes on each side of the divide. In these four headwater (plate 2 and figs. 5–9). In the 23-mi-long Catatonk Creek valleys (Pony Hollow valley, Danby Creek valley, Willseyville valley, the northern valley reaches (Michigan Creek/Catatonk Creek valley, and Cayuta Creek valley), the drainage divide Creek valley north of the Village of Spencer and the northern crosses broad relatively flat valleys. In these areas, scouring part of the Willseyville Creek valley) contain predomintly by ice removed the former (preglacial) bedrock cols (a high, kame moraine and outwash deposits (plate 2 and fig. 10), the narrow pass or depression in upland areas, generally across middle part of the valley (the east-west segment of the valley) a ridge or through a divide, or between two adjacent hills) contains predomintly alluvium and alluvial fan deposits at land that once formed the major surface-water divide between surface that are underlain by outwash (plate 2 and fig. 12), and the St. Lawrence River Basin and the Susquehanna River the southern part of the valley (the segment from the Village Basin. The bedrock cols that had formed the divides have of Candor to the mouth of the valley) contains predomintly been replaced by an accumulation of more than 100 ft of outwash, alluvial, glaciolacustrine sediments (fine sand, silt, glacial drift—mostly Valley Heads Moraine deposits. These and clay), and till; (plate 2 and figs. 13 and 14). anomalous features are called “through valleys” by Tarr (1905) (plates 2 and 3). Although through valleys resemble major stream valleys, they differ in that they are drained by small streams that are ephemereal or flow seasonally (typically Water Table and Conceptual Model of during the spring freshet) and become dry during the summer Groundwater Flow when the water table drops below the bottom of the stream channel. During periods when there is no flow in the channel, The recharge that meets the water table (below which the groundwater flows downvalley as underflow rather than soil is saturated) can move both vertically and horizontally. discharge into the stream. Also, because there are periods Groundwater levels provide a measure of the depth to the when the streams have little flow or are dry there would be little or no induced infiltration into these headwater aquifers water table and the hydraulic head in the stratified-drift and the potential yield would be smaller than from valley- aquifers in the study area (plate 3, and figs. 5–14). Hydraulic fill aquifers that have a large perennial stream in which large head is a measure (in units of feet above a datum) of the pumping wells could induce large amounts of water to flow potential to cause flow due to gravity and water pressure. from the stream to the well throughout the year (Randall and A map that depicts the water-table contour lines (plate 3) others, 1988). was constructed to show which direction groundwater flows The confining units are composed of relatively horizontally and geohydrologic cross sections that depict flow impermeable fine-grained deposits (till and glaciolacustrine nets (figs. 5–14) were constructed in selected areas to show silt and clay). Although there is a confined aquifer in the which direction groundwater flows vertically. Groundwater southern part of the Catatonk Creek valley and possibly in flows from high to low hydraulic head and perpendicular to the southern part of the Willseyville Creek valley (fig. 4), the water-table contours and equipotential lines. confining unit may not extend completely across the valley in some places (figs. 13 and 14), therefore there is hydraulic Stratified-Drift Aquifers and Confining Units connection in many places between the unconconfined and confined aquifers. There are no reported artesian flowing wells Unconfined aquifers are present throughout the Cayuta in the study area. Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys, whereas unconfined Because of the lack of well logs in the deeper parts of the aquifers that are underlain by confined aquifers are present valley fill, specifically in the 7-mi reach of Catatonk Creek 20 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York

from Spencer to the confluence with Willseyville Creek Valley intervals and altitudes of large ponds and wetlands. Where and in the 2-mi reach of Cayuta Creek that is downstream of LIDAR data were unavailable, topographic contours (scale the Village of Van Etten, the presence of aquifers at depth is 1:24,000 USGS topographic quadrangles) that crossed major unknown (fig. 4). It can be assumed, however, that a basal streams at 10-ft altitude intervals were used. LIDAR altitudes confined aquifer is present in most places on top of bedrock of land surface and topographic contours from quadrangles because such deep aquifers are common in other glaciated could be used to define the water table because major surface- valleys in central New York (Miller and Karig 2010; Miller, water bodies and groundwater are hydraulically connected to 2009; Miller and others, 1998; and Miller, 1988). the unconfined aquifers. The portion of groundwater that moves laterally flows roughly perpendicular to water-table contours in the Recharge, Discharge, Water Table, and unconfined aquifers. The configuration of the water-table Direction of Groundwater Flow contours indicates that the general direction of groundwater flow within the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified- The ultimate source of recharge is from precipitation, in drift aquifers is predominantly from the valley walls toward which the study area receives from 35 to 39 inches per year the main streams in the valleys, where most groundwater (in/yr) (Kontis and others, 2004). The amount of recharge to discharges from the aquifer system (plate 3). Sections stratified-drift aquifers is a key determinant of the long-term A–A′ to J–J′ (figs. 5 to 14, respectively) include conceptual availability of groundwater. More recharge is potentially potentiometric contours and flow lines that show recharge available to unconfined aquifers than to confined aquifers. In at land surface and groundwater discharge into the streams. general, recharge enters the stratified-drift aquifers primarily Where upland tributary streams lose water over the alluvial by direct infiltration of precipitation (rain and snow melt) fans in the valleys, a localized groundwater mound forms where the aquifer crops out at land surface, surface runoff beneath the stream (plate 3) and the direction of groundwater and subsurface flow from adjacent unchanneled upland areas flow is radially away from the tributary channel and toward that recharges the aquifer along the valley walls, leakage from the main stream in the valley (figs. 5, 7, and 11). In addition, tributary streams on their alluvial fans, and upward leakage some groundwater that flows toward major streams is from the underlying bedrock and leakage from adjacent fine- intercepted by pumping wells. There are three municipal well grained confining units, that may be induced by pumping. fields in the study area (Villages of Van Etten, Candor, and The importance of tributary streamflow infiltration as a source Waverly), with wells that have large-diameter casings, well of recharge to stratified-drift aquifers has been documented screens, and pumps that are capable of withdrawing water in the Appalachian Plateau by Crain (1966), Randall (1978), at a rate of several hundred gallons per minute. There also and Williams (1991). Streamflow losses chiefly occur where are several industrial and commercial wells that withdraw upland streams descend from adjacent uplands and cross relatively large amounts of water in the study area. In addition, alluvial-fan deposits in the main valley. there are 10 trailer parks that withdraw groundwater from the Most groundwater discharges into Cayuta and Catatonk aquifer system. Creeks. Lesser amounts of groundwater are discharged to Although groundwater-level measurements were recorded pumping wells. Most of the water pumped from domestic from the 1950s to 2010, the average annual fluctuation of wells is returned to the aquifers through septic systems, the water table in the stratified-drift aquifers in the Cayuta whereas most of the water pumped from municipal wells that Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys is only expected to range is treated is discharged into the streams rather than returned from 5 to 10 ft with the lowest range of fluctuation (about to the aquifer. Transpiration decreases available recharge 5 ft) occurring near discharge areas, such as streams, and the when water vapor escapes from living vegetation back into highest range of fluctuation (about 10 ft) expected where large the atmosphere, and in some areas, induces discharge directly amounts of recharge occur, such as along the valley walls and from the aquifer where roots extend below the water table. beneath alluvial fans. In areas adjacent to gaining streams and This reduction in recharge happens mostly during the spring large surface-water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and wetlands, when the ground is saturated and the water table is close to the altitude of the water table is controlled by the water level or at land surface. In the study area, evapotranspiration is of the surface-water body. The groundwater level is slightly estimated to range between 18 to 19 in/yr (Kontis and others, higher (typically 1 to 3 ft) than that of the water level in the 2004, plate 1) or roughly one-half of the annual precipitation stream and wetland, and fluctuates similarly to the water in this area (35 to 39 in/yr). level in these surface-water bodies (about 3 to 7 ft). However, A generalized depiction of the water table in the in distal areas from the gaining streams, lakes, ponds, and unconfined aquifer is shown in plate 3. The water table was wetlands, the water table is more than several feet (typically constructed from water-level measurements made in wells 3 to 10 ft) higher than the major surface-water bodies, and from the 1950s to 2010 and LIDAR data (where available) that annual water-level trends are affected by fluctuations in were used to determine altitudes of perennial streams at 10-ft variations in the amounts of recharge, such as precipitation. Water Table and Conceptual Model of Groundwater Flow 21

Water-level data from USGS long-term monitoring well determination of groundwater levels and directions of flow. A TI 891 (operating since December 2003) finished in the synoptic set of groundwater-level measurements from wells stratified-drift aquifer near Spencer, N.Y. (plate 1, appendix) whose measuring point altitudes are known would be needed indicate that the average annual water-table fluctuation was to represent the water table more accurately than what has 8.9 ft from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2010 (fig. 15). been done for this study. An annual fluctuation of 5 ft or less is common in other USGS In the Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifer, the altitude long-term monitoring wells that also were finished in sand of the water table ranged from 1,220 ft near the hamlet of and gravel stratified-drift aquifers in the surrounding counties. Danby to 810 ft at the mouth of Catatonk Creek (plate 3)—a Because the annual fluctuation of groundwater level ranges from 5 to 10 ft in most places and the contour interval of the total decrease in hydraulic head of 410 ft over 21 mi and an water-table map is 10 ft (plate 3), the configuration of the average horizontal hydraulic gradient of 19.5 ft/mi (0.0037 water table is probably a reasonable representation of long- foot per foot (ft/ft)). In the Cayuta Creek stratified-drift term and average-annual groundwater levels and the general aquifer, the altitude of the water table ranged from 1,205 ft directions of groundwater-flow in the aquifer. The water-table at the surface-water divide in Pony Hollow valley to 810 ft map, however, should not be used for precise or site-specific near the mouth of Cayuta Creek at Waverly (plate 3)—a total

26 Depth to water level, feet below land surface

30 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year

Figure 15. Groundwater levels from January 1, 2004, to September 30, 2010, in well TI 891 (site number 421213076313301) near Spencer, New York. Location of well shown in plate 1.

Miller_fig 15 22 Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York decrease in hydraulic head of 395 ft over 27 mi and an average Fountain, J.C. and Jacobi, R.D., 2000, Detection of buried horizontal hydraulic gradient of 14.6 ft/mi (0.0028 ft/ft). faults and fractures using soil gas analysis: Environmental and Engineering Geosciences v. 6, p. 201–208. Fullerton, D.S., 1980, Preliminary correlation of post-Erie Summary interstadial events (16,000–10,000 radiocarbon years before present) central and eastern Great Lakes region, and The location of wells, stratified-drift aquifer extents, Hudson, Champlain, and St. Lawrence lowlands, United surficial deposits, and groundwater levels in the Cayuta States and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys and their large tributary Paper 1089, 52 p. valleys were mapped in 2009, in cooperation with the New Isachsen, Y.W., E. Landing , Lauber, J.M., Rickard, L.V., York State Department of Environmental Conservation in and Rogers, W.B., Editors, 2000, Geology of New York: Tompkins, Schuyler, Chemung, and Tioga Counties, New A Simplified Account, Second Edition: New York State York. Geologic materials in the study area include sedimentary Museum Educational Leaflet no. 28, 284 p. bedrock, unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine Jacobi, R.D., 2002, Basement faults and seismicity in the and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent alluvium. Stratified Appalachian Basin of New York State: Tectonophysics, drift consisting of sand and gravel is the major component v. 353, p. 75–113. of the valley fill in the study area—it is present in sufficient Jacoby, G.H., and Dellwig, L.F., 1974, Appalachian foreland amounts in most places to form extensive unconfined aquifers thrusting in Salina Salt, Watkins Glen, New York: in throughout the study area and to form locally confined Coogan, A.H., ed., Fourth symposium on salt: Northern aquifers. Stratified deposits consisting of fine-grained sediment Ohio Geological Society, p. 227–233. (glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay) are present locally in valleys underlying the glaciofluvial and recent alluvial sand Kontis, A.L., Randall, A.D., and Mazzaferro, D.L., 2004, Regional hydrology and simulation of flow of stratified-drift and gravel deposits in the southern part of the Catatonk Creek aquifers in the glaciated northeastern United States: U.S. and Willseyville Creek valleys. These unconfined and confined Geological Survey Professional Paper 1415–C, p. C1–C156, aquifers are the source of water for most residents, farms, and 3 pls. businesses in the valleys. The configuration of the contours of the water table Lane, J.W., Jr., White, E.A., Steele, G.V., and Cannia, J.C., indicate that the general direction of groundwater flow within 2008, Estimation of bedrock depth using the horizontal- Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek stratified-drift aquifers is to-vertical (H/V) ambient-noise seismic method, in predominantly from the valley walls toward the main stream Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to in each valley, where most groundwater discharges from the Engineering and Environmental Problems, April 6–10, 2008, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Proceedings: Denver, aquifer system. Locally, where upland tributary streams lose Colo., Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, water over the alluvial fans in the valleys, a groundwater 13 p. mound has formed beneath the stream, and the direction of groundwater flow is radially away from the tributary channel. McPherson, W.S., and Miller, T.S., 1994, Distribution and Pumping wells intercept some groundwater that normally thickness of unconsolidated deposits in Schuyler County, would discharge to streams. New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93–4004, 2 pls., scale 1:24,000. Miller, T.S., 1988, Unconsolidated aquifers in upstate New References Cited York — Finger Lakes sheet: U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigations Report 87–4122, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000. Clayton, K.M., 1965, Glacial erosion in the Finger Lakes region (New York State, USA): Zeitschrift fur Miller, T.S., 2009, Geohydrology and water quality of the Geomorphologie, NF9, p. 50–62. valley-fill aquifer system in the upper Sixmile Creek and West Branch Oswego Creek valleys in the Town of Crain, L.J., 1966, Ground-water resources of the Jamestown Caroline, Tompkins County, New York: U.S. Geological area, New York, with emphasis on the hydrology of the Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5173, 56 p. major stream valleys: New York State Water Resources Miller, T.S., and Karig, D.E., 2010, Geohydrology of the Commission Bulletin 58, 167 p. stratified-drift aquifer system in the lower Sixmile Creek Cressey, G.B., 1966, Land forms, in Thompson, J.H., and Willseyville Creek trough, Tompkins County, New ed.,Geography of New York State: SyracuseUniversity York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Press, fig. 9, p. 26. Report 2010–5230, 54 p. References Cited 23

Miller, T.S., Sherwood, D.A., Jeffers, P.M., Mueller, Nancy, 1998, Hydrology, water-quality, and simulation of groundwater flow in a glacial aquifer system, Cortland County, New York: Water-Resources Investigations Report WRI 96–4255, 84 p. Muller, E.H., and Cadwell, D.H., 1986, Surficial Geologic Map of New York: New York State Museum—Geological Survey, Map and Chart Series 40, Finger Lakes Sheet, New York State Geological Survey, scale 1:250,000. Podwysocki, M.H., Pohn, H.A., Phillips, J.D., Krohn, M.D., Purdy, T.L., and Merin, I.S., 1982, Evaluation of remote sensing, geological, and geophysical data for south-central New York and Northern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82–319, 179 p. Pohn, H.A., 1981, Joint spacing as a method for locating faults: Geology, v. 9, p. 258–261. Randall, A.D., 1972, Records of wells and test borings in the Susquehanna River basin, New York: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Bulletin 69, 92 p. Randall, A.D., 1978, Infiltration from tributary streams in the Susquehanna River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 6, no. 3, p. 285–297. Randall, A.D., Snavely, D.S., Holecek, T.J., and Waller, R.M., 1988, Alternative sources of large seasonal ground-water supplies in the headwaters of the Susquehanna River Basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85–4127, 121 p. Rickard, L.V., Fisher, D.W., 1970, Geologic map of New York, Finger Lakes sheet: New York State Museum and Science Service, Map and Chart Series No. 15, 1:250,000. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2008, SSURGO digital soil-survey data, accessed October 30, 2008, at http:// soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov. Stone and Webster Engineering Corporation, 1978a, Regional geology of the Salina Basin: The Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation, Battelle Memorial Institute, Project Management Div., U.S. Dept. of Energy, Report no. ONWI/SUB-E512- 00600/1, v. II. Tarr, R.S., 1905, Drainage patterns of central New York: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 16, p. 229–242. Wetterhall, W.S., 1959, The ground-water resources of Chemung County, New York: New York State Water Power and Control Commission Bulletin GW–40, 58 p. Williams, H.S., Tarr, R.S., and Kindle, E.M., 1909, Geologic Atlas of the United States: Folio 169, Watkins Glen- Catatonk, New York. Williams, J.H., 1991, Tributary-stream infiltration in Marsh Creek Valley, north-central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90–4052, 39 p. 24 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York ------Remarks 60–69 ft gravel. at 48 ft, gas reported. bedrock, a little water at 40 ft. 256 ft, plugged to 104 ft. gas entered near bottom. Abandoned, casing pulled out due to poor yield. shale. shale (3 gal/min), 130–140 fractured shale (50 gal/min). shale. S&G. Used for car wash. 0–20 gravel, 20–60 fine sand, Ends in sandy pebble gravel. Gas reported at 50 ft. Gas reported at 49 ft. 10 gal/min from sand or gravel Aug. 1964. 50 ft WL Silty gravel and hardpan above Hardness 103 mg/L. Drillled to 263 ft, salt water at Depth approximate; salt water; 32 ft in 1947. WL 0–47 silty gravel, 46–49 ft 0–9 till, 9–10 gravel, 10–130 0–31, dirty gravel, 31–95 ft 0–40 dirty gravel, 40–58 ft

7 1 6 3 1 8 25 25 40 50 30 50 12 50 20 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------941 986 in ft) top of 1,004 1,012 1,056 1,088 1,025 1,020 1,016 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

95 36 30 20 28 12 47 10 31 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

-- -- Date level water measured 12/1/1964 8/1/1965 5/1/1966 9/1/1966 8/1/1965 6/1/1967 7/1/1963 7/1/1963 6/1/1964 11/1/1964 1/1/1953 6/1/1964 4/17/1956 6/12/1956 4/29/1981 8/7/2000 9/6/2001 2/8/2002

------984 992 994 994 990 997 995 in ft) level water 1,009 1,032 1,036 1,041 1,058 1,022 1,002 1,000 1,010 1,000 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

8 6 ------29 36 18 18 24 12 38 27 35 52 15 31 30 37 28 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale S&G Shale S&G Shale Shale S&G type Aquifer

1,110 land in ft) 1,017 1,013 1,024 1,012 1,012 1,014 1,009 1,033 1,036 1,040 1,042 1,056 1,076 1,016 1,037 1,033 1,030 1,047 1,028 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer–Chemung County -- -- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter

------of 54 69 64 59 57 61 61 51 95 36 30 30 80 15 19 95 58 (ft) Depth casing

54 69 64 59 57 61 61 51 55 80 75 49 95 58 (ft) 312 165 104 250 125 140 Well Well depth

Date drilled 6/1/1964 12/1/1964 8/1/1965 5/1/1966 9/1/1966 8/1/1965 6/1/1967 7/1/1963 7/1/1963 6/1/1964 6/1/1964 6/1/1941 1/1/1953 6/1/1947 1939 -- 4/29/1981 8/7/2000 9/6/2001 2/8/2002

Site name CM 23 CM 260 CM 264 CM 267 CM 268 CM 269 CM 270 CM 271 CM 272 CM 273 CM 280 CM 283 CM 286 CM 287 CM 387 CM 412 CM 644 CM 816 CM 878 CM 906 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421158076330501 421153076331201 421159076331001 421201076325801 421202076325701 421202076325801 421204076325501 421206076332201 421208076332301 421209076331701 421313076354301 421328076363601 421415076370101 421418076370701 421155076332601 421224076351801 421151076330701 421254076355401 421213076321901 421203076330801 Appendix 1 25 Remarks S&G. grey shale. 46–80 ft S&G. 46–95 ft S&G. S&G. 40–80 ft S&G. cemented gravel, 54–105 ft shale. ft shale. 49–70 ft grey shale. silt, 10–15 gravel, 15–30 silt, 30–41 ft shale. silt, 15–21 ft shale. sand, 35–40 silt, 40–45 45–50 silt, 50– 52 ft sand. ft silt. 0–27 ft S&G. 0–35 dirty gravel, 35–43 ft ft 0–15 dirty gravel, 15–119 0–20 dirty gravel, 20–46 sand, 0–20 dirty gravel, 20–46 sand, 0–30 silty gravel, 30–81 ft 0–30 silty gravel, 30–40 S&G, 0–10 S&G, 10–45 till, 45–54 0–21 sand and gravel, 21–41 0–10 till, 10–50 ft shale. 0–30 ft S&G. 0–40 silty gravel, 40–49 till, 0–15 till, 15–220 ft shale. boring. 0–5 sand, 5–10 Test boring. 0–5 sand, 5–15 Test boring. 0–25 silt, 25–35 Test boring. 0–5 gravel, 5–21 Test

6 4 8 2 20 12 50 35 50 15 15 35 ------100 yield (gal/min) Reported

------905 999 924 in ft) top of 1,047 1,000 1,063 1,041 1,024 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

15 54 21 10 49 15 30 15 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 8/15/2002 8/17/2002 10/21/2003 4/9/2004 12/16/2003 12/19/2003 4/27/2004 4/16/2010 2/9/2007 8/13/2007 5/16/2008 7/22/2008 8/5/2008 6/4/1999 12/8/1998 5/5/1999 10/26/2005

------983 981 983 983 982 941 963 in ft) level water 1,016 1,013 1,015 1,001 1,028 1,043 1,036.1 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

8 6 9 9.6 5 9 8 6 ------13 31 49 15 10 35 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale Shale Shale S&G Shale Shale Shale Shale Sand Silt type Aquifer

996 989 989 991 991 956 974 land in ft) 1,047 1,063 1,020 1,010 1,036 1,079 1,071 1,039.1 1,029 1,093 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

------6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) 10 10 Casing diameter Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer–Chemung County—Continued

------of 27 43 17 70 80 81 70 55 21 19 30 70 29 (ft) Depth casing

27 43 80 80 81 80 41 50 30 70 41 21 52 21 (ft) 119 105 220 Well Well depth

Date drilled 8/15/2010 8/17/2002 10/21/2003 4/9/2004 12/16/2003 12/19/2003 4/27/2004 4/16/2004 2/9/2007 8/13/2007 5/16/2008 7/22/2008 8/5/2008 6/4/1999 12/8/1998 5/5/1999 10/26/2005

Site name CM 935 CM 936 CM1037 CM1040 CM1042 CM1046 CM1058 CM1063 CM1211 CM1232 CM1277 CM1290 CM1293 CM2288 CM2289 CM2290 CM2292 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

7 7 20 10 12 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------in ft) top of 1,130 1,120 1,137 1,131 1,137 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

20 30 20 24 28 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 7/1/1967 9/30/1965 1/01/1972 8/8/1980 8/13/1980 8/23/1999 6/27/1984

------in ft) level water 1,118 1,145 1,143 1,143 1,145 1,150 1,106.7 1,106 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

8 5 3.2 7 ------57 16 14 10 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

-- S&G S&G Shale S&G Shale S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Gravel Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

1,110 1,115 1,113 land in ft) 1,100 1,130 1,175 1,160 1,150 1,150 1,153 1,100 1,100 1,160 1,145 1,150 1,155 1,159 1,157 1,155 1,165 1,155 1,109.9 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Schuyler County ------6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter

------of 75 32 24 21 (ft) Depth casing

-- 28 60 82 40 70 50 80 32 28 40 38 24 24 16 21 30 30 85 20 62 51 (ft) Well Well depth

Date drilled ------6/6/1960 -- -- 1958 -- 8/31/1948 ------1945 8/24/1960 1966 9/29/1965 1972 1972 -- 1979 8/23/1999 6/27/1984

Site name SY 3 SY 8 SY 16 SY 19 SY 22 SY 23 SY 24 SY 25 SY 26 SY 27 SY 29 SY 42 SY 46 SY 67 SY 68 SY 70 SY 75 SY 76 SY 77 SY 99 SY 694 SY 723 SY Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421623076411501 421642076413701 421729076415501 421731076420501 421733076423201 421733076432701 421734076425801 421734076431801 421734076432301 421735076424101 421737076425201 421756076431801 421811076430901 421836076431801 421836076432201 421836076432701 421839076432301 421840076432301 421840076432401 421850076432501 421724076423601 421237076424401 Appendix 1 27 -- Remarks 6–51 coarse gravel, 51–61 sand, 61–73 ft gravel. S&G. 28–43 compact silty gravel (till?), 43–53 ft shale. gravel. compact silty gravel, 22–33 ft shale. ft shale. shale, 20–115 gravel, 62–68 ft S&G. Production well. Screened 63–68 ft. 37–44 ft gravel. grave (dirty gravel or till), 55–58 ft S&G. questionable). 25–130 ft shale. Test boring. 0–6 gravely silt , Test boring. 0–5 silt, 5–33 ft Test boring. 0–28 silty gravel, Test boring. 0–39 ft silty Test S&G, 11–22 boring. 0–11 Test 0–41 S&G, 41–44 ft shale. 0–7 till, 7–20 soft (weathered) 0–20 ft gravel. 0–35 gravel, 35–62 clay and 0–18 dirty gravel, 18–37 S&G, 0–48 S&G, 48–55 clay and 0–38 ft S&G. 0–100 ft shale (depth to rock 0–15 till, 15–130 ft shale. 0–8 till, 8–25 dirty gravel,

8 4 11 12 20 30 15 ------100 100 yield (gal/min) Reported

------in ft) top of 1,118 1,041 1,059 1,086 1,220 1,225 1,092 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

7 0

43 22 41 15 25 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 9/5/1991 8/25/1981 7/1/1981 3/13/1981 7/1/1981 11/28/2000 3/7/2001 9/23/2001 6/4/2002 8/20/2002 5/22/2003 8/20/2004 11/15/2006

------in ft) level water 1,113 1,095 1,084 1,077 1,063 1,077 1,162 1,147 1,095 1,090 1,091 1,185 1,074 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

9 2 6 4 3 ------11 14 65 12 20 20 40 69 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

Gravel S&G Shale S&G Shale S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale Shale Shale type Aquifer

1,111 1,110 land in ft) 1,104 1,086.5 1,084 1,074 1,081 1,127 1,227 1,150 1,107 1,121 1,180 1,225 1,107 1,143 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

------6 6 6 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Schuyler County—Continued

------of 40 18 20 62 38 58 38 82 30 18 25 (ft) Depth casing

73 33 53 39 33 44 20 68 42 58 38 82 (ft) 115 100 130 130 Well Well depth

Date drilled 9/5/1991 8/25/1981 7/1/1981 3/13/1981 7/1/1981 11/28/2000 3/7/2001 9/23/2001 6/4/2002 8/20/2002 5/22/2003 8/11/2003 4/3/2004 8/20/2004 3/17/2005 11/15/2006

Site name SY 724 SY 725 SY 726 SY 727 SY 728 SY 914 SY 919 SY 957 SY SY1013 SY1026 SY1095 SY1120 SY1175 SY1211 SY1249 SY1363 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421642076413301 421609076405701 421522076402901 421440076375601 421522076402801 421523076362501 421926076433301 421823076431201 421706076420201 421651076413901 421705076425401 421713076413601 421823076432301 421912076434201 421516076400501 421526076402701 28 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York - -- -- Remarks ft S&G. till, 32–33 ft gravel. 10–100 ft shale. 18–36 ft S&G. S&G. Deepened in 1965. 12–25 till, 25–33 ft dirty gravel. gravel. cemented gravel, 85–87 ft gravel. mented gravel, 63–68 brown rock, 68–125 ft gray rock. 54–55 ft shale. 0–19 till, 19–119 ft grey shale. 0–19 till, 19–119 0–30 clay and gravel, 30–37.5 0–32 dirty gravel or gravelly 0–8 till, 8–10 dirty gravel, 0–18 hardpan (dirty gravel?), Original depth 65 ft, finished in 0–15 hardpan, 15–33 ft gravel. 0–12 coarse dirty gravel, 0–18 S&G, 18–120 ft shale. 0–48 dirty gravel, 48–54 ft 0–29 dirty gravel, 29–85 0–22 dirty gravel, 22–63 ce 0–62 gravel, 62–103 ft shale. 0–20 gravel, 20–54 sandy clay, 0–77 ft S&G.

4 8 9 20 24 20 15 25 12 22 20 10 10 20 15 15 20 yield (gal/min) Reported

------776 777 826 802 805 995 in ft) top of 1,121 1,185 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

19 10 69 70 18 63 62 54 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 2/7/2007 5/19/2008 2/20/2009 4/20/2009 3/19/2010 Aug-45 Jun-56 12/1/1965 8/15/2000 6/29/2000 8/15/2000 9/15/2000 10/10/2000 10/30/2000 12/4/2000 5/9/2001 8/17/2001

811 811 911 812 815 832 867 810 809 836 in ft) level water 1,078 1,185 1,097 1,180 1,082 1,010 1,034 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

5 9 9 11 62 15 35 33 36 13 23 12 29 55 58 15 40 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

Shale S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G Shale Shale Gravel S&G Shale S&G Gravel Shale Shale Shale S&G type Aquifer

846 845 847 828 844 896 920 865 867 876 land in ft) 1,140 1,290 1,106 1,195 1,093 1,033 1,049 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Schuyler County—Continued

of 19 38 33 20 36 75 69 70 33 33 19 54 87 63 62 54 79 (ft) Depth casing

38 33 36 75 84 33 33 54 87 55 77 (ft) 119 100 109 120 125 103 Well Well depth

Date drilled 2/7/2007 5/19/2008 2/20/2009 4/20/2009 3/19/2010 1945 Jun-56 1965 8/15/2000 6/29/2000 8/15/2000 9/15/2000 10/10/2000 10/30/2000 12/4/2000 5/9/2001 8/17/2001

Site name SY1372 SY1452 SY1500 SY1507 SY1556 TI 35 TI 36 TI 37 TI 301 TI 327 TI 343 TI 358D TI 371 TI 381 TI 386 TI 425 TI 440 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421526076402702 421813076450801 421650076414501 421855076433001 421525076404001 420108076312401 420111076312401 420107076312501 420049076304801 420604076324101 420158076314301 420616076323601 420604076324701 420113076314301 420109076314301 420729076314201 420220076313401 Appendix 1 29 -- Remarks sand, 47–52 S&G, 52–60 ft shale. stone, 60–72 cement gravel, 72–108 ft shale. 6–50 S&G, sandy clay, 50–51 ft till. gravel, 42–98 ft gray rock. S&G, 49–60 ft shale. ft silt. cemented gravel, 28–48 clay and stones, 48–70 S&G, 70–72 ft shale. and gravel, 38–40 ft S&G. gravel, 25–35 ft S&G. 32–35 ft shale. or till?), 18–54 cemented gravel, 54–58 ft S&G. Test well. 0–17 gravel, 17–47 Test 0–35 gravel, 35–60 clay and 0–28 ft gravel. PWS. Screened 40–50 ft. 0–6 0–39 ft S&G. 0–18 hardpan, 18–42 dirty 0–18 gravel, 18–30 till, 30–49 0–28 ft sand and gravel. 0–30 silt, 30–40 gravel, 40–42 0–29 ft sand and gravel. well. 0–19 S&G, 19–28 Test 0–30 S&G, 30–38 sand, clay, 0–40 till, 40–100 ft shale. 0–50 ft gravel. 0–18 dirty gravel, 18–25 28–32 S&G, 0–28 till and clay, 0–18 hardpan (dirty gravel

15 15 15 17 20 15 12 20 10 25 15 10 20 ------yield 1,000 (gal/min) Reported

------760 752 819 945 in ft) top of 1,048 1,006 1,018 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

52 72 42 49 70 40 32 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

-- -- Date level water measured 10/15/2002 10/2/2002 11/11/2002 7/23/2003 3/11/2004 9/9/2003 10/31/2003 12/8/1998 4/5/2004 6/8/2004 6/3/2004 7/12/2004 7/21/2004 3/20/2006 8/28/2006 12/13/2010

------802 876 798 960 835 934 938 995 996 872 884 812 in ft) level water 1,019 1,031 1,050 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

0 ------11 22 13 14 19 24 20 12 10 20 19 15 19 36 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

-- Shale Shale Gravel S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G Silt S&G Shale S&G Shale Gravel S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

810 824 889 810 979 859 946 959 948 891 895 848 -- land in ft) 1,068 1,015 1,015 1,046 1,050 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- -- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) 16 Casing diameter Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

-- -- of 60 72 28 40 39 42 49 28 29 72 40 40 52 35 32 58 (ft) Depth casing

-- 60 28 50 39 98 60 28 42 29 72 40 50 35 35 58 (ft) 108 100 Well Well depth

Date drilled 2/22/2002 -- 10/15/2002 10/2/2002 11/23/2002 7/23/2003 3/11/2004 9/9/2003 10/31/2003 12/8/1998 4/5/2004 6/8/2004 6/3/2004 7/12/2004 7/21/2004 3/20/2006 8/28/2006 12/13/2010

Site name TI 530 TI 589D TI 622 TI 626 TI 650 TI 706D TI 733D TI 736D TI 755D TI 770 TI 782 TI 795 TI 796 TI1022 TI1026 TI1206 TI1284 TI1728 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 420049076314002 420950076182901 420045076304601 420511076330001 420049076314001 420410076324101 420222076314501 421728076204401 421718076224401 420857076333101 421723076224201 421348076292001 421343076293201 420724076313901 420417076323901 420533076325701 420725076314101 420120076312601 30 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York ------Remarks land surface. min at 58 ft. medium to coarse sand. went dry in 1938 and Well was redrilled to depth of 59 ft. 22–35 gravel, 35–42 ft silty gravel. 80–160 ft shale. S&G. sand, 58–59 ft coarse sand. Well located in cellar 8 ft below in cellar located Well 3.5 gal/min at 56.5 ft, 18 gal/ All gravel except 19–20 ft Original well depth was 33 ft. 0–20 gravel, 20–22 silty 0–80 till (“clay with stones”), August. dries up in Well 0–85 ft gravel, high yield. 0–20 dirty gravel, 20–38 ft 0–47 ft S&G. 0–25 gravel. 25–41 till, 41–58 0–23 S&G, 23–92 ft shale. 0–30 ft S&G.

6 5 9 3 50 30 30 18 15 30 20 15 12 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------in ft) top of 1,088 1,168 1,079 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

80 23 100 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 12/30/1899 8/9/1980 6/21/1967 6/1/1967 4/21/1981 4/21/1981 6/1/1967 4/24/1968 8/15/1967 5/5/1981 6/1/1979 12/30/1899 5/5/1981 9/18/2001 9/10/2001 5/13/2008 10/27/2008 10/12/2010

-- in ft) level water 1,118 1,116 1,149 1,164 1,168 1,173 1,170 1,212 1,190 1,195 1,182 1,202 1,205 1,152 1,135 1,066 1,204 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

4 5 9 9 -- 18.5 10 15 30 32 29.5 60 40 40 12 15 37 10 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G Sand Shale S&G type Aquifer

land in ft) 1,134 1,136 1,159 1,168 1,173 1,188 1,200 1,221 1,222 1,224 1,242 1,242 1,245 1,164 1,150 1,125 1,103 1,214 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer- Tompkins County Tompkins Cayuta Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer- 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter

-- of 26 14 41 38 58 24 59 41 80 70 85 38 47 59 23 30 (ft) 100 Depth casing

60 26 14 41 38 58 24 59 41 70 85 38 47 59 92 30 (ft) 120 160 Well Well depth

Date drilled 6/1/1964 6/1/1980 5/1/1959 5/31/1960 6/1/1967 Late 1800s 6/1/1962 4/24/1968 6/1/1938 5/5/1981 6/1/1979 6/1/1979 6/1/1965 9/18/2001 9/10/2001 5/13/2008 10/27/2008 10/12/2010

Site name TM 3 TM 4 TM 6 TM 15 TM 16 TM 17 TM 18 TM 22 TM 23 TM 24 TM 26 TM 27 TM 28 TM1365 TM1366 TM2511 TM2607 TM2812 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

8 2 3 8 2 15 10 10 10 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------991 in ft) top of 1,025 1,288 1,260 1,304 1,085 1,053 1,089 1,037 1,042 1,074 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

5 8

30 17 15 68 44 51 26 91 49 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 10/7/1980 4/15/1991 10/15/1971 2/2/1994 2/5/1994 11/5/2008 8/18/2000 10/7/2000 11/22/2000 9/6/2001 9/6/2002 10/9/2002 2/20/2003

------968 in ft) level water 1,290 1,230 1,279 1,153 1,057 1,035 1,020 1,059 1,057 1,148 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 ------15 15 45 30 40 10 22 32 25 26 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale S&G Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale S&G S&G Shale S&G Shale Shale S&G type Aquifer

981 988 985 1,115 land in ft) 1,040 1,035 1,000 1,090 1,080 1,090 1,175 1,295 1,305 1,275 1,309 1,159 1,097 1,045 1,042 1,128 1,091 1,082 1,174 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

------6 6 8 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tompkins County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tompkins

------of 45 30 17 18 18 81 46 26 51 30 90 52 21 42 (ft) Depth casing

45 77 63 24 74 83 88 26 75 90 41 (ft) 127 120 150 133 128 128 200 180 179 199 120 280 Well Well depth

Date drilled 6/1/1962 10/7/1980 ------4/15/1991 ------10/15/1971 2/2/1994 -- 11/5/2008 8/18/2000 10/7/2000 11/22/2000 9/6/2001 5/7/2003 9/6/2002 10/9/2002 2/20/2003

Site name TM 21 TM 32 TM 562 TM 563 TM 564 TM 565 TM 567 TM 568 TM 569 TM 618 TM 936 TM1023 TM1024 TM1025 TM1035 TM1251 TM1260 TM1296 TM1380 TM1408 TM1590 TM1611 TM1654 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421914076222401 422030076233101 422103076241801 422120076235501 422018076234201 422119076234601 421934076231501 421926076230801 421932076231401 421925076250001 421938076264101 421937076264001 421938076263601 421934076263701 421934076251002 422048076242901 421915076225201 421917076225501 422032076241801 422053076244301 422040076230701 422031076230201 421925076250101 32 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Remarks 126–135 ft shale. till, 65–70 gravel, 70–95 fine 185–204 sand, 95–185 clay, sand, 204–220 ft silty sand. ft S&G. Drwadown = 4 at 12 gal/min, Specific capacity = 3 gallons per foot. silty 34–35 S&G, 35–115 till, 115–160 100–115 clay, ft shale. 0–20 gravel, 20–34 fine sand, 34–42 S&G, 42–84 ft clay. hardpan and some gravel, 105–108 ft S&G. 25–40 till, 40–60 dirty S&G, 60–140 ft grey shale. 24–31 sand, 18–24 clay, coarse S&G. 31–43 till, 43–46 fine sand, 46–87 till, 87–100 ft shale. with some gravel, 22–27 ft S&G. sand, 18–24 clay with some silt, 24–27 ft S&G. 0–100 till, 100–126 black sand, 0–22 till, 22–240 ft shale. 0–16 till, 16–26 S&G, 26–65 0–14 gravel, 14–27 till, 27–30 0–19 till, 19–150 ft gray shale. 0–10 gravel, 10–34 fine sand, Casing perforated 37–40 ft. 0–13 till, 13–18 gravel, 18–105 0–24 till, 24–25 S&G, 0–15 silty gravel, 15–18 fine 0–18 silty gravel, 18–22 silt 0–15 silty gravel, 15–18 fine

5 2 6 8 1 5 7 0.1 12 10 20 20 yield (gal/min) Reported

------986 902 in ft) top of 1,055 1,066 1,002 1,120 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

22 19 60 87 115 126 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 4/29/2003 4/28/2003 4/15/2005 4/22/2005 4/4/2006 8/30/2006 11/16/2006 4/24/2007 6/11/2007 10/27/2008 11/5/2008 11/12/2008

-- 992 990 927 994 in ft) level water 1,052 1,055 1,009 1,032 1,202 1,149 1,198 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

5 9 -- 60 10 12 30 90 26 80 30 10.4 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

Shale Shale S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G type Aquifer

1,112 land in ft) 1,077 1,002 1,002 1,085 1,017 1,020 1,089 1,062 1,207 1,159 1,207 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tompkins County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tompkins

of 29 30 20 85 60 89 27 27 (ft) 116 126 220 108 Depth casing

30 40 27 27 (ft) 135 240 220 150 160 108 140 100 Well Well depth

Date drilled 4/29/2003 4/28/2003 4/15/2005 4/22/2005 4/4/2006 8/30/2006 11/16/2006 4/24/2007 6/11/2007 10/27/2008 11/5/2008 11/12/2008

Site name TM1671 TM1677 TM1983 TM2005 TM2188 TM2269 TM2315 TM2360 TM2381 TM2589 TM2590 TM2591 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

8 6 8 3 30 10 15 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------924 793 in ft) top of Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

21 104 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 12/8/2000 3/22/2001 6/1/1965 1964 1/1/1949 5/1/1965 10/1/1962 1/1/1957 8/1/1967 6/1/1962 8/1/1965 7/1/1965 05/01/1956 9/1/1964

------950 862 821 826 847 833 908 841 920 867 857 868 867 867 in ft) level water Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

8 9 ------11 10 18 18 18 36 25 10 22 25 18 30 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Gravel S&G S&G S&G S&G Gravel Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

960 880 831 860 829 844 865 842 919 880 877 945 877 879 893 885 897 land in ft) 1,100 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga -- -- 5 6 5 5 6 1 6 5 5 5 5 5 6 0 6 5 (in) Casing diameter

-- -- of 63 72 61 86 63 13 33 55 17 21 65 66 76 55 75 97 (ft) Depth casing

29 35 63 72 61 63 16 33 55 65 66 76 55 75 97 (ft) 149 120 132 Well Well depth

Date drilled 12/8/2000 3/22/2001 -- 1945 6/1/1965 1964 1/1/1949 5/1/1965 -- 1963 10/1/1962 1/1/1957 8/1/1967 6/1/1962 8/1/1965 7/1/1965 05/01/1956 9/1/1964

Site name TI 17 TI 19 TI 251 TI 252 TI 253 TI 254 TI 255 TI 267 TI 268 TI 269 TI 270 TI 271 TI 273 TI 274 TI 275 TI 276 TI 277 TI 278 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421318076254801 421159076192101 420747076163501 420724076164401 420759076165701 420759076170001 420756076170801 420902076180601 420931076183101 420955076183701 420952076190001 420955076193901 421056076195401 421105076184601 421139076184701 421201076190301 421225076193001 421216076194501 34 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York ------Remarks (below suction lift). Casing perforated 31–35 ft. well; another 21 ft driven well nearby. casing. black sand. 60–66 S&G, 66–90 ft clay & gravel. 80% clay. 28–52 gray clay & gravel, 52–88 gravel, 70–80 ft screened. S&G, 33–55 ft gray clay, screened 23–33 ft. S&G. Screened. creamery in 1946. Water level 31 ft Aug. 1964 level 31 ft Water Replaced contaminated driven 12–15 ft perforated or slotted Perforated from 19 to 22 ft. penetrates gravel, ends in Well 0–29 clay & gravel, 29–60 clay, 0–8 S&G, 8–28 clay & gravel, 0–18 clay & gravel, 18–33 0–5 clay and gravel, 5–36 ft Supplied 50,000 gal/d for

5 40 30 40 35 20 45 20 50 50 40 ------183 250 165 100 yield (gal/min) Reported

------in ft) top of Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

------to (ft) Depth bedrock

-- -- Date level water measured 7/1/1963 8/1/1961 7/1/1965 1950 1/1/1961 6/1/1962 7/1/1964 05/01/1695 10/1/1948 1/1/1954 2/1/1967 2/1/1967 3/1/1967 1/1/1967 1938 3/1/1962

-- -- 881 964 968 963 983 982 981 985 987 983 881 884 875 877 878 893 in ft) level water Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 4 8 5 -- -- 11 16 16 17 22 12 33 12 14 13 13 12 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Gravel S&G Shale type Aquifer

897 970 972 979 990 997 995 895 895 888 890 890 900 898 890 1,011 land in ft) 1,000 1,003 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- -- 1 6 1 1 6 6 6 6 6 8 2 8 2 8 8 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

0 -- -- of 31 50 12 19 53 38 38 54 46 30 70 23 44 53 68 (ft) Depth casing

35 50 15 22 53 38 38 54 46 30 66 80 33 36 44 93 68 71 (ft) Well Well depth

Date drilled 7/1/1963 8/1/1961 7/1/1965 1950 1/1/1961 6/1/1962 7/1/1964 5/1/1965 10/1/1948 1/1/1954 2/1/1967 2/1/1967 -- 1/1/1967 1938 -- 3/1/1962 --

Site name TI 279 TI 280 TI 281 TI 282 TI 283 TI 284 TI 285 TI 286 TI 287 TI 288 TI 291 TI 292 TI 293 TI 294 TI 295 TI 296 TI 297 TI 298 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421216076194502 421240076270701 421225076274501 421223076281701 421257076293601 421220076301501 421255076295801 421241076300701 421248076301001 421220076301501 421319076200001 421320076200101 421321076200901 421322076200901 421333076201101 421359076201101 421344076201501 421324076201801 Appendix 1 35 Remarks gravel, 55–240 ft shale. 23–47 clay and stone, 47–49 gravel, 49–85 ft shale. 85–320 ft shale. gravel, cemented 35–55 clay, 54–59 ft S&G. 40–50 sand, 50–53 ft clay, S&G. ft S&G. 53–63 ft screened. 0–39 ft S&G. 0–20 till, 20–55 cemented 0–28 ft S&G. 0–33 ft gravel. 0–28 gravel, 28–131 ft shale. 0–35 ft gravel. 0–15 till, 15–23 gravel, 0–30 till, 30–85 sandy clay, 0–12 gravel, 12–35 sand & 0–26 gravel, 26–70 ft shale. 0–27 till, 27–320 ft shale. 0–30 ft S&G. 0–39 ft gravel. 0–28 ft S&G. 0–27 gravel, 27–81 ft shale. 0–38 ft gravel. 0–36 ft S&G. 0–22 gravel, 22–88 ft shale. 0–28 gravel, 28–40 sand and 0–30 ft gravel. 0–22 S&G, 22–44 sand, 44–45

5 2 9 4 12 15 20 15 20 20 20 15 15 17 20 15 15 ------350 yield (gal/min) Reported

------817 770 963 945 988 in ft) top of 1,056 1,058 1,139 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

55 28 49 85 26 27 27 22 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 7/1/1968 4/28/2000 11/9/2000 6/30/2000 9/19/2000 12/1/2000 12/15/2000 2/9/2001 5/2/2001 4/24/2001 4/26/2001 5/19/2001 7/20/2001 8/31/2001 10/12/2001 10/17/2001 6/13/2001 6/18/2001 1/18/2002 2/12/2002 1/24/2002 5/13/2002

894 871 934 830 816 158 825 865 869 986 994 923 958 910 972 960 899 981 994 in ft) level water 1,013 1,098 1,026 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

4 7 9 6 45 15 20 29 12 30 20 20 12 24 15 20 20 40 12 15 21 (ft) land level 140 Water Water below surface

S&G S&G Shale S&G Gravel Shale S&G Shale Shale S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G Shale Gravel S&G Shale S&G Gravel S&G type Aquifer

911 898 949 850 845 827 855 885 989 998 938 978 930 978 996 1,111 land in ft) 1,020 1,107 1,166 1,018 1,000 1,015 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- 8 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

-- of 56 39 59 28 33 35 29 86.5 27 31 30 39 28 27 38 36 22 53 30 45 (ft) 131 Depth casing

66 39 28 33 35 85 59 70 30 39 28 81 38 36 88 53 30 45 (ft) 240 131 320 320 Well Well depth

Date drilled 7/1/1968 4/28/2000 11/9/2000 6/30/2000 9/19/2000 12/1/2000 12/15/2000 2/7/2001 5/2/2001 4/24/2001 4/26/2001 5/19/2001 7/20/2001 8/31/2001 10/12/2001 10/17/2001 6/13/2001 6/18/2001 1/16/2002 2/12/2002 1/24/2002 5/13/2002

Site name TI 299 TI 306 TI 309D TI 329 TI 354D TI 375 TI 390 TI 395 TI 400 TI 401 TI 414D TI 427D TI 431 TI 461 TI 473 TI 475D TI 506D TI 508D TI 510D TI 515D TI 528D TI 553 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421349076201801 421748076231801 420933076270901 421716076224501 420823076173501 420829076174401 420747076164001 421856076242301 421335076233101 421228076193001 421232076283801 421215076271001 421328076291401 421346076294901 421731076223701 421304076263501 421416076222901 421224076290701 421233076281501 421219076195401 421253076293701 421343076294301 36 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Remarks clay, 68–74 gravel, 74–128 clay, ft shale. silty sand, 63–83 silt and 83–90 ft S&G with clay, some silty clay (till?). silt and sand, 50–78 silty sand with clay and pebbles (till?), clay and gravel, 78–93 ft silty S&G. 22–46 silt, 46–73 ft S&G. 25–30 S&G, 40–60 gravelly silt, 40–60 S&G, 60–85 layered clay and silt, 85–90 S&G, 90–97 ft till. 62–74 till. 74–97 clay, clay & gravel, silt, 97–118 ft S&G. 118–126 35–65 sand, silt and clay, 80–90 silty sand, 65–80 clay, 95–101 ft S&G. 90–95 clay, and silt, 35–61 ft gravelly sand and silt. 0–26 S&G, 26–103 ft shale. 0–40 S&G, 40–68 sand and 0–30 ft gravel. 0–22 ft S&G. boring. 0–22 ft S&G. Test boring. 0–42 S&G, 42–63 Test boring. 0–25 S&G, 25–50 Test boring. 0–22 silty S&G, Test boring. 0–25 gravelly silt, Test 0–25 till, 25–62 gravel and 0–10 sandy silt, 10–35 S&G, 0–25 gravelly silt, 25–35 sand

7 10 15 15 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------914 962 in ft) top of Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

26 74 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 6/14/2002 7/11/2002 7/28/2002 8/8/2002 4/16/1985 4/1/1985 11/3/1983 7/6/1982 10/10/2002

------920 998 976 947 950 950 891 840 in ft) level water 1,033 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

3 8 5 5 ------20 38 10 12 (ft) land level 105 Water Water below surface

Shale S&G Gravel S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

940 986 955 955 955 903 989 945 938 935 land in ft) 1,036 1,036 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

------6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

------of 28 74 30 22 (ft) 126 Depth casing

30 22 22 90 93 73 97 61 (ft) 103 128 126 100 Well Well depth

Date drilled 6/14/2002 7/6/2002 7/28/2002 8/8/2002 4/16/1985 4/1/1985 11/3/1983 7/6/1982 4/12/2004 10/10/2002 9/28/1998 4/22/2004

Site name TI 561 TI 567 TI 587D TI 589D TI 593 TI 594 TI 595 TI 596 TI 597 TI 598D TI 598 TI 599 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421336076232601 421418076293601 421232076292301 421449076285001 421319076255301 421316076254001 421439076222801 421403076203101 421235076293301 420950076182901 421659076224301 421546076223401 Appendix 1 37 Remarks stones, 60–72 cemented gravel, 72–108 ft shale. 60–62 sand, 62–75 ft shale. cemented gravel, 55–58 ft S&G. shale. ft S&G. 98–105 sand, 60–98 clay, ft S&G. 105–110 93–94 ft 15–93 gray clay, shale. have a driven well 18 ft deep that supplied farm prior to 1949. 68–73 dirty gravel, 73–76 ft fine gravel. 0–35 gravel, 35–60 clay and 0–37 till, 37–60 ft shale. 0–25 gravel, 25–38 ft sand. -- 0–40 S&G, 40–60 sand & clay, 0–29 ft sand and fine gravel. 0–29 ft S&G. 0–15 sand and gravel, 15–55 0–12 gravel, and 12–65 ft 0–27 ft gravel. 0–4 till, 4–65 ft shale. 0–18 S&G, 18–25 sand, 25–27 0–18 gravel, 18–60 sand clay, 4–15 clay & gravel, 0–4 clay, Also not used. Low yield. Well 18–68 till, 0–18 sandy clay,

9 9 15 10 15 10 15 15 14 20 15 13 20 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------750 963 795 in ft) top of 1088 1,022 1,033 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

72 37 62 12 93 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

-- -- Date level water measured 10/15/2002 10/7/2002 10/23/2002 11/4/2002 11/27/2002 12/2/2002 2/7/2003 10/28/2003 3/12/2003 5/15/2003 5/21/2003 7/3/2003 8/1/1949 7/22/2003

-- -- 800 974 978 963 867 964 982 977 887 876 in ft) level water 1,115 1,059 1,024 1,006 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

9 -- -- 11 22 10 15 25 15 15 17 13 19 25 14 56 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

-- Shale Shale Sand Shale S&G S&G S&G Shale Gravel Shale S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G type Aquifer

822 989 993 972 882 975 999 996 912 888 890 land in ft) 1,125 1,027 1,084 1,037 1,062 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

-- of 72 38 38 62 29 29 58 19 27 17 27 93 96 76 (ft) 110 Depth casing

-- 60 38 75 29 29 58 65 27 65 27 94 96 76 (ft) 110 108 Well Well depth

Date drilled 10/15/2002 10/7/2002 10/23/2002 -- 11/4/2002 11/27/2002 12/2/2002 2/7/2003 10/28/2003 3/12/2003 5/15/2003 5/21/2003 7/3/2003 1967 8/1/1949 7/22/2003

Site name TI 622 TI 631 TI 636 TI 636 TI 646 TI 652 TI 654 TI 663 TI 664 TI 671 TI 686 TI 691 TI 698 TI 700 TI 701 TI 701D Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 420045076304601 421110076310501 421235076294701 421635076212101 421523076305701 421236076293601 421239076271301 421243076193101 421308076263801 421248076295101 421635076212101 421250076293701 421424076211301 421334076201901 421336076202001 421427076300201 38 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York ------Remarks gravel, 19–55 gray clay, gravel, 19–55 gray clay, 55–68 fine S&G, 68–79 S&G, 79–85 ft clay and gravel. S&G. 116–149 ft shale. fine sand, 90–96 ft water has sulfur odor. fresh water at 5 ft & 123 ft, gas at 250 ft. el, 5–15 S&G, 15–60 sand, 60–73 gray S&G, 73–85 gravel, 85–96 gray sand, gray clay and gravel, 96–110 ft grey shale. 110–112 grained sediment; casing pulled back to 24 ft. 0–10 clay, 10–19 clay and 0–10 clay, 21–29 ft 0–21 sandy clay, silt & very 0–30 S&G, 30–116 contains gas. Water Black sand (possible rock?) 0–63 gravel, 63–3,150 ft shale, 40–42 ft sand. 38–48 ft screened. 0–5 brown sandy clay & grav 0–25 S&G, 25–45 ft fine–

5 25 12 30 15 27 40 30 25 ------250 yield (gal/min) Reported

------806 790 829 895 in ft) top of Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

69 63 116 110 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 3/1/1967 7/17/2003 2/1/1965 10/1/1959 11/1/1965 11/1/1962 12/1/1964 1/1/1967 8/1/1965 12/1/1953 4/1/1947 4/1/1947 7/1/1957

------894 981 938 913 985 987 895 895 900 in ft) level water 1,011 1,042 1,010 1,020 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

4 8 5 ------30 23 16 12 20 22 26 18 24 29 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

898 989 922 968 936 958 999 915 900 922 930 land in ft) 1,001 1,068 1,028 1,044 1,040 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- -- 8 6 5 5 2 6 6 2 5 5 6 6 6 0 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

-- of 69 29 70 96 40 38 36 75 24 72 43 43 42 42 (ft) 116 Depth casing

79 29 96 42 48 36 85 24 72 43 43 42 42 (ft) 149 170 Well Well depth 3,150

Date drilled 3/1/1967 7/17/2003 1963 2/1/1965 10/1/1959 1947 11/1/1965 11/1/1962 12/1/1964 1/1/1967 8/1/1965 1964 12/1/1953 4/1/1947 4/1/1947 7/1/1957

Site name TI 702 TI 702D TI 703 TI 704 TI 705 TI 706 TI 707 TI 708 TI 713 TI 714 TI 715 TI 716 TI 717 TI 718 TI 719 TI 720 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number 421400076204801 Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421201076301601 421359076210601 421338076215801 421354076221501 421317076251301 421307076295701 421308076295701 421421076203501 421401076204801 421401076214101 421442076222601 421432076285301 421409076302001 421454076302501 421443076302601 Appendix 1 39 ------Remarks sand; fine silty above; some water at 22 ft. water iron–bearing and hard, 24–27 ft perforated or slot ted casing. gravel, 49–60 ft shale. silt and 17–25 sand, 25–110 ft 110–118 very fine sand, sand. ft gravel. Sup silt, 90–115 plies house and barn. Ends in bright pebbly coarse Supplied house until 1965, 0–30 ft gravel. 0–50 ft S&G. 0–18 gravel, 18–30 till, 30–49 0–16 fine sand, 16–17 gravel, 0–32 S&G, 32–37 ft gravel. 0–50 till, 50–200 ft shale. 0–25 gravel, 25–90 fine sand &

7 11 60 45 25 24 25 12 25 25 20 14 25 10 ------100 yield (gal/min) Reported

------834 in ft) top of 1,016 1,002 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

49 50 79 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

-- -- Date level water measured 1/1/1966 9/1/1949 8/1/1965 9/1/1965 7/1/1965 4/1/1946 1/1/1963 8/1/1954 9/4/2004 9/3/2003 9/9/2003 1/1/1968 11/1/1957 9/10/2003 8/1/1964 7/8/2003 11/1/1964 11/1/1965 6/1/1965

-- -- 999 927 934 870 838 953 in ft) level water 1,055 1,064 1,026 1,019 1,022 1,039 1,160 1,178 1,035 1,045 1,032 1,020 1,018 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

8 6 1 -- -- 10 12 26 32 20 12 18 25 20 12 12 48 46 59 63 12 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G Shale S&G type Aquifer

939 935 882 884 965 land in ft) 1,063 1,074 1,038 1,037 1,045 1,054 1,059 1,172 1,196 1,041 1,024 1,015 1,065 1,080 1,079 1,081 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

of 62 16 41 24 46 52 42 42 21 30 50 34 49 37 48 50 64 79 (ft) 118 115 156 Depth casing

67 50 41 27 46 52 42 42 45 30 50 72 60 37 64 96 (ft) 118 113 115 156 200 Well Well depth

Date drilled 1/1/1966 9/1/1949 8/1/1965 -- 9/1/1965 07/01/1965 4/4/1946 8/1/1963 8/1/1954 9/3/2004 9/3/2003 1964 9/5/2003 1/1/1968 11/1/1957 9/092003 8/1/1964 7/8/2003 11/1/1964 11/1/1965 6/1/1965

Site name TI 722 TI 723 TI 724 TI 725 TI 726 TI 727 TI 728 TI 729 TI 730 TI 731D TI 735 TI 736 TI 736D TI 737 TI 738 TI 738D TI 739 TI 739D TI 740 TI 741 TI 746 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number 421519076283201 Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421522076284001 421550076300401 421550076300402 421523076303001 421526076303001 421534076303101 421553076313601 421557076315001 421458076285801 421404076300801 421635076213201 421728076204401 421624076223601 421645076225201 421219076193101 421620076293901 420944076185601 421605076295201 421607076304401 421737076224501 40 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York ------Remarks sand, 45–51 ft. S&G. 20–25 ft gravel. ft shale. cemented gravel, 28–48 clay and stone, 48–70 S&G, 70–72 ft shale. clay and gravel, 38–40 ft sand & fine gravel. 45–53 ft gravel. Screened 48–53 ft. cemented gravel, 28–40 ft sand and fine gravel. 0–28 S&G, 28–45 clay and 0–28 ft S&G. 0–27 ft S&G. 0–29 ft S&G. 0–15 gravel, 15–20 sand, 0–15 gravel, 15–25 till. 25–120 0–19 silty gravel, 19–28 0–30 dirty gravel, 30–38 sand 0–10 gravel, 10–45 silty 0–30 ft S&G. 0–31 ft gravel. well. 0–40 ft S&G. Test well. 0–12 S&G, 12–28 Test

6 15 15 20 12 20 25 25 ------yield (gal/min) Reported

------998 944 in ft) top of Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

25 70 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

------Date level water measured 1940 10/30/2003 4/1/1966 10/31/2003 10/28/2003 4/5/2004 5/25/2004 5/27/2007 6/8/2004 6/3/2004 6/1/2009 6/18/2004 7/8/2004 7/2/2004 7/7/2004

------979 934 982 937 984 993 994 995 945 957 991 984 in ft) level water 1,011 1,027 1,047 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

8 8 3 ------13 10 12 17 10 30 20 21 19 15 10 10 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

989 946 970 970 999 947 992 960 960 996 land in ft) 1,005 1,015 1,010 1,040 1,055 1,023 1,014 1,016 1,030 1,001 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

------5 2 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

------of 83 16 51 63 28 27 29 25 31 70 40 48 30 31 40 40 (ft) Depth casing

83 18 51 63 28 30 30 27 29 25 72 40 53 30 31 40 40 (ft) 110 120 120 Well Well depth

Date drilled 6/16/1966 ------10/20/2003 4/1/1966 10/30/2003 -- -- 10/28/2003 4/5/2004 5/25/2004 5/27/2004 6/4/2004 6/1/2004 11/19/2003 6/17/2004 7/8/2004 7/2/2004 7/7/2004

Site name TI 750 TI 751 TI 752 TI 753 TI 753D TI 754 TI 755 TI 757 TI 758 TI 769 TI 782 TI 790 TI 794 TI 795 TI 796 TI 891 TI1014 TI1015 TI1016 TI1017 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421853076222601 421839076222701 421837076222801 421809076234201 421233076295901 421812076234201 421718076224401 421905076222701 421903076222901 421252076293301 421723076224201 421238076300001 421223076304101 421348076292001 421342076293101 421213076313301 421319076240401 421244076262201 421340076292701 421315076292401 Appendix 1 41 Remarks and stone, 50–53 ft coarse sand. gravel, 28–31 ft fine gravel. gravel, 40–49 S&G, 49–51 clay & gravel, 51–54 ft S&G. 45–47 dirty gravel, clay, 75–160 ft shale. 47–75 clay, clayey gravel, 23–34 S&G, 34–38 clay and gravel, 38–103 silt, 103–104 S&G. gravel. gravel, and 30–36 ft fine gravel. sand and clay, 105–118 sand, 122–124 ft 118–122 fine gravel. 0–27 S&G, 27–69 ft shale. 0–29 ft S&G. 0–22 gravel, 22–50 sandy clay 0–27 S&G, 27–40 ft shale. 0–36 till, 36–200 ft shale. 0–12 hardpan, 12–28 dirty 0–16 S&G, 16–40 clay & 0–45 ft S&G. 0–15 till, 15–18 gravel, 18–45 0–6 cinder block pit, 6–23 0–5 till, 5–25 gravel, 25–35 ft 0–15 gravel, 15–30 clay & 0–153 till, 153–304 ft shale. 0–64 gravel, 64–105 clay, 0–40 ft S&G.

6 7 5 1 20 25 10 20 12 10 10 25 25 25 -- yield (gal/min) Reported

------847 in ft) top of 1,011 1,001 1,000 1,063 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

27 27 36 75 153 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 7/20/2004 7/9/2004 9/21/2004 11/3/2004 4/22/2005 3/30/2005 5/13/2005 5/25/2005 5/24/2005 11/9/2005 7/19/2005 9/19/2005 10/4/2005 10/7/2007 10/12/2005

962 887 939 905 942 982 918 910 907 959 in ft) level water 1,012 1,018 1,049 1,007 1,026 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

9 5 16 10 13 50 13 12 15 60 12 18 12 90 24 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

Shale S&G S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G type Aquifer

972 900 951 920 954 930 931 964 land in ft) 1,028 1,027 1,099 1,020 1,086 1,000 1,000 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

of 27 29 53 27 38 31 54 45 78 35 36 40 (ft) 104 153 124 Depth casing

69 29 53 47 31 54 45 35 36 40 (ft) 200 160 104 304 124 Well Well depth

Date drilled 7/16/2004 7/9/2004 9/21/2004 11/3/2004 4/22/2005 3/30/2005 5/13/2005 5/25/2005 5/23/2005 11/7/2005 7/19/2005 9/19/2005 10/4/2005 10/7/2007 10/12/2005

Site name TI1018 TI1019 TI1030 TI1050 TI1077 TI1081 TI1090 TI1098 TI1101 TI1102 TI1110 TI1144 TI1145 TI1150 TI1152 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421416076285801 421231076272301 421359076202801 421424076285801 421431076284801 421412076293001 421322076241801 421208076185601 421406076233801 421732076223901 421259076294301 421409076230301 421433076211501 421428076211201 421246076264601 42 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York - Remarks gravel, 50–130 sandy 130–133 fine gravel, clay, 133–134 ft. shale. gravel, 32–43 silt, 43–51 silt and gravel, 51–57 ft S&G. gravel, 85–135 sandy 135–137 ft coarse sand. 120–130 sandy clay and stone, 130–134 ft S&G. ft S&G. mented gravel, 52–54 ft sand and gravel. gravel, 34–30 ft S&G. silty sand, 66–71 71–167 S&G, 167–172 till, 183–218 ft 172–183 clay, shale. 0–25 gravel, 25–50 clay & 0–5 gravel, 5–32 clay and 0–24 S&G, 24–79 ft shale. 0–57 ft S&G. 0–50 till, 50–85 cemented Flows. 0–19 till, 19–56 ft shale. 0–30 gravel, 30–120 till, 0–32 ft S&G. 0–14 S&G, 14–22 silt, 22–38 Irrigation well. 0–30 ft S&G. 0–25 dirty gravel, 25–52 ce 0–32 ft gravel. 0–9 till, 9–200 ft shale. 0–9 S&G, 9–24 clay and 0–38 gravel, 38–140 ft shale. well. 0–58 gravel, 58–66 Test

8 6 11 20 13 15 15 13 20 10 25 10 10 -- -- 100 yield (gal/min) Reported

------780 989 941 855 969 797 in ft) top of Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

24 19 38 133 183 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

-- Date level water measured 10/18/2005 10/28/2005 12/15/2005 3/28/2006 6/9/2006 7/26/2006 6/30/2006 7/18/2006 8/4/2006 7/27/2006 9/18/2006 10/13/2006 10/31/2006 10/19/2006 11/21/2006

-- -- 898 856 907 897 835 845 987 876 940 829 959 942 in ft) level water 1,003 1,013 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

-- -- 15 14 10 45 16 22 23 10 15 17 35 12 65 (ft) land 116 level Water Water below surface

Shale S&G Shale S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G Shale S&G Shale Shale type Aquifer

913 870 952 960 913 857 868 997 889 957 864 971 980 land in ft) 1,013 1,129 1,007 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

of 57 26 57 56 32 38 30 54 32 22 30 38 60 (ft) 134 137 134 Depth casing

57 79 57 56 32 38 30 54 32 30 60 (ft) 134 137 134 200 140 Well Well depth

Date drilled 10/18/2005 10/28/2005 12/15/2005 3/28/2006 6/9/2006 7/26/2006 6/30/2006 7/18/2006 8/4/2006 7/27/2006 9/18/2006 10/13/2006 10/31/2006 10/19/2006 11/21/2006 12/19/2006

Site name TI1154 TI1164 TI1182 TI1211 TI1250 TI1253 TI1256 TI1270 TI1272 TI1273 TI1285 TI1301 TI1304 TI1307 TI1309 TI1316 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421424076211701 421041076183501 421419076293401 421418076225001 420818076263201 421238076191801 421423076212001 420930076182801 420958076183701 421327076293201 421245076192901 421333076244401 420839076175701 421252076255601 421310076245701 421208076284101 Appendix 1 43 Remarks clay, 127–131 gravel, clay, 131–132 ft shale. 20–60 ft shale. shale. gravel, 20–32 S&G, 32–79 ft shale. ft shale. 96–98 ft gravel. 28–96 clay, clay & stone (till?), 87–90 ft gravel. S&G. gravel. ft gravel. and gravel, 34–133 grey silt, 133–144 ft shale. 0–25 gravel, 30–127 sandy 0–20 dirty gravel and boulders, 0–27 dirty gravel, 27–160 ft 0–6 gravel, 6–100 ft shale. 0–13 gravel, 13–20 clay and 0–8 gravel, 8–48 till, 48–200 0–15 gravel, 15–28 S&G, 0–13 till, 13–50 S&G, 50–87 0–27 gravel, 27–58 ft shale. 0–12 hardpan (till?), 12–52 ft 0–42 dirty gravel, 42–45 ft fine 0–3 till, 3–240 ft shale. 0–2 till, 2–36 ft S&G. 10–30 0–4 gravel, 4–10 clay, 0–22 gravel, 22–34 gray silt 0–51 ft S&G. 0–21 gravel, 21–260 ft shale.

3 4 5 2 2 30 15 10 20 15 20 15 15 20 12 15 -- yield (gal/min) Reported

------780 776 972 805 821 931 in ft) top of 1,013 1,002 1,076 1,004 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 3

20 32 32 48 27 21 131 133 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 4/5/2007 5/15/2007 8/9/2007 8/10/2007 6/29/2007 5/21/2007 6/27/2007 10/17/2007 9/6/2007 10/19/2007 10/11/2007 10/15/2007 12/19/2007 11/15/2007 11/19/2007 11/30/2007 12/6/2007

891 984 989 817 863 833 890 943 990 984 829 981 991 in ft) level water 1,013 1,005 1,065 1,027 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 20 20 20 19 20 80 20 15 32 17 15 17 10 80 30 34 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale Shale S&G Gravel Shale S&G S&G Shale S&G S&G Shale S&G Shale type Aquifer

911 837 869 913 910 958 909 1,011 land in ft) 1,033 1,004 1,008 1,022 1,022 1,080 1,001 1,037 1,025 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

of 28.5 33 19 41 55 98 92 27 52 45 19 36 30 51 28 (ft) 131 133 Depth casing

60 79 98 90 58 52 45 36 30 51 (ft) 131 160 100 200 240 144 260 Well Well depth

Date drilled 4/5/2007 5/15/2007 8/9/2007 8/10/2007 6/29/2007 5/21/2007 6/27/2007 10/12/2007 9/6/2007 10/19/2007 10/11/2007 10/15/2007 12/19/2007 11/15/2007 11/19/2007 11/30/2007 12/5/2007

Site name TI1339 TI1353 TI1359 TI1360 TI1363 TI1366 TI1372 TI1394 TI1395 TI1412 TI1417 TI1418 TI1425 TI1428 TI1432 TI1438 TI1440 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

Site number Appendix 1. WL, water level; mg/L, milligrams per Datum of 1988, in feet: gal/min, gallons per minute; gal/d, day; S&G, sand and gravel; --, no data; Vertical American 88 in ft, North [ft, feet; in, inches; NAVD Supply well] Water liter; PWS, Public 421423076211701 421160076295801 421220076304701 421221076304101 420829076174201 420952076190501 421424076211401 421422076213301 421316076245001 421751076231701 421646076213001 421221076311901 421248076295901 421428076285601 421222076211401 421257076300201 421202076295201 44 Geohydrology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York Remarks gravel (till?), 44–47 ft S&G. gravel, 24–32 ft S&G. till, 82–160 ft shale. gravel, 26–46 silty clay and gravel, 46–52 ft S&G. gravel (till?), 54–56 ft S&G. gravel (till?), 45–149 ft shale. gravel (till?), 33–35 ft S&G. 28–35 ft fine gravel. 40–57 till, 57–59 ft shale. gravel?), 15–42 sand and gravel, 42–55 till, 55–59 ft sand and gravel. 55–59 ft gravel. or till?), 18–54 cemented gravel, 54–58 ft S&G. 0–38 S&G, 38–44 clay and 0–9 S&G, 9–24 clay and 65–82 0–60 till, 60–65 clay, 0–15 gravel, 15–26 clay and 0–18 S&G, 18–54 cemented and till. 0–51 ft gravel, clay, 0–15 gravel, 15–45 clay and 0–38 ft gravel. 0–28 ft gravel. 0–22 gravel, 22–33 clay and 0–41 ?, 41–49 ft shale. 0–30 till, 30–80 ft shale. 0–18 gravel, 18–28 sand, 0–20 till, 20–40 silty gravel, 0–35 ft S&G. 0–15 hardpan (till or dirty 0–15 till, 15–55 dirty gravel, 0–18 hardpan (dirty gravel

8 8 15 10 10 15 60 25 15 15 20 10 15 12 20 52 20 -- yield (gal/min) Reported

------942 793 960 in ft) top of 1,083 Altitude bedrock (NAVD 88, (NAVD

82 60 41 30 ------to (ft) Depth bedrock

Date level water measured 12/21/2007 3/26/2008 3/18/2003 5/15/2008 6/13/2008 12/28/2007 7/25/2008 6/30/2008 10/22/2008 10/24/2008 10/282008 2/23/2009 3/13/2009 5/12/2009 6/8/2009 4/21/2010 9/16/2010 12/13/2010

838 827 991 783 961 984 921 995 987 940 990 812 in ft) level water 1,011 1,015 1,004 1,016 1,096 1,041 Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

0 6 22 40 37 20 70 18 14 19 10 17 21 44 15 26 36 36 (ft) land level Water Water below surface

S&G S&G Shale S&G Gravel S&G Shale Gravel Gravel S&G Shale Shale S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G S&G type Aquifer

860 864 853 979 998 940 955 848 1,011 1,113 land in ft) 1,015 1,044 1,022 1,005 1,008 1,085 1,037 1,026 surface Altitude (NAVD 88, (NAVD

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 8 6 (in) Casing diameter Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga County—Continued Catatonk Creek valley stratified-drift aquifer—Tioga

of 47 32 82 52 56 51 60 38 28 35 41 30 35 59 35 59 59 58 (ft) Depth casing

47 32 52 56 51 38 28 35 49 80 35 59 35 59 59 58 (ft) 160 149 Well Well depth

Date drilled 12/21/2007 3/26/2008 3/18/2008 5/15/2008 6/13/2008 12/28/2007 7/11/2008 6/30/2008 10/22/2008 10/24/2008 10/28/2008 2/23/2009 3/13/2009 5/12/2009 6/8/2009 4/21/2010 9/16/2010 12/13/2010

Site name TI1443 TI1462 TI1463 TI1469 TI1484 TI1487 TI1488 TI1494 TI1526 TI1530 TI1532 TI1551 TI1555 TI1571 TI1585 TI1659 TI1701 TI1728 Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek valleys in parts of Tompkins, Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Counties, New York.—Continued Chemung, Schuyler and Tioga Records of selected wells in Cayuta Creek and Catatonk valleys parts Tompkins,

For additional information write to: New York Water Science Center U.S. Geological Survey 30 Brown Rd. Ithaca, NY 14850

Information requests: (518) 285-5602 or visit our Web site at: http://ny.water.usgs.gov Miller and Pitman—Hydrogeology of the Stratified-Drift Aquifers in the Cayuta Creek and Catatonk Creek Valleys, New York —Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5127