ARTS AND CULTURE

SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 2010/11 ARTS AND CULTURE 4 The Department of Arts and Culture is tasked Arts and culture organisa- with creating an environment conducive to the tions and institutions growth, development and flowering of South National Heritage Council Africa’s arts, culture and heritage land- (NHC) scape. The NHC, a statutory body that aims to The department leads and coordinates bring equity to heritage promotion and efforts to promote national identity and conserva­tion, was officially constituted on social cohesion. 26 February 2004 in terms of the NHC Act, The 2010 FIFA World CupTM provided a 1999 (Act 11 of 1999). The council creates unique opportunity for the diverse South an environment for preserving and promot- African heritage, arts, crafts and cultural ing South African heritage. sectors to come to the fore. In July 2010, the NHC and Freedom A substantial investment was made by the Park held the Intergenerational Dialogues department to integrate these elements into for the celebration of Nelson Mandela Day the World Cup, as well as to amplify them as at the Freedom Park in Pretoria. The part of the South African experience offered Department of Arts and Culture and the to the world. NHC have embarked on the development The Department of Arts and Culture of the National Liberation Heritage Route, funded 21 World Cup Arts and Culture- which will highlight the contribution of related projects totalling R59 million and set national heroes to the struggle for freedom. aside R127 million for infrastructure devel- opment projects, which were regarded as South African Heritage 2010 legacy projects. Resources Agency (Sahra) The department’s projects included: The National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 • My 2010 Project (Act 25 of 1999), established Sahra to pro- • Fly the Flag for Football Campaign vide for the identification, protection, con- • Tap Roots servation and promotion of South Africa’s • The Rivonia Trial heritage for present and future generations. • Mzansi Sing tribute to Oliver Tambo Sahra has established the National Herit- • MaBrrr – The Musical age Resources Fund to provide financial • Ditšhaba Performance and Craft Hub assistance to an approved body or indi- • Rural Communities, Townships and vidual, for any project that contributes to Schools Programme the conservation and protection of South • Mapungubwe Arts Festival Africa’s national heritage resources. • Wild Coast Festival Conservation categories include: • Ubuntu Abande Ebantwini • national heritage sites, registers, areas • In Conversation with Luthuli and Mandela and objects – Museum Exhibition • protected areas • The African Experience Soccer Lounge • structures of more than 60 years old • Craft Development – Tsa Setso • burial grounds and graves • The Windybrow 2010 Special Pro- • fossils (palaeontology) and archaeology gramme • rock art • Sing the National Song Campaign • underwater cultural heritage, including • The Africa Show historical shipwrecks. • Newtown Music Programme • public viewing areas during the tourna- ment • capital expenditure projects On 11 July 2010, a sell-out crowd in Soweto’s i Soccer City Stadium as well as an audience of • the opening and closing ceremonies of millions across the globe were entertained by a the World Cup colourful ceremony to celebrate the successful conclu- • Business of Craft – 2010 and Beyond sion of the first FIFA World Cup on African soil. • KwaZulu-Natal Heritage and Cultural Colombian pop star Shakira took centre stage, along with local fusion band Freshlyground, with the worldwide Extravaganza hit Waka Waka (this time for Africa). • Dimbaza Craft Hub. Other South African artists who performed included Stoan Seate, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, Abigail Kubeka and Mafikzolo. 2010/11 Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 74 In 2010, Sahra declared the graves of Char- • to foster the expression of a national lotte Maxeke in Nancefield, and Lillian Ngoyi identity and consciousness by means of and Helen Joseph in Avalon, Johannesburg, the arts national heritage sites. • to uphold and promote the right of any person to freedom in the practice of the South African Geographical arts Names Council (SAGNC) • to give the historically disadvantaged The SAGNC is an advisory body appointed such additional help and resources as are by the Minister of Arts and Culture in required to give them greater access to terms of the SAGNC Act, 1998 (Act 118 the arts of 1998). The council advises the minister • to address historical imbalances in the on the transformation and standardisation provision of infrastructure for the promo- of official geographical names in South tion of the arts Africa. The council has jurisdiction over all • to promote and facilitate national and names of geographical features and entities international liaison between individuals falling within the territories over which the and institutions in respect of the arts South African Government has sovereignty • to develop and promote the arts and or jurisdiction acquired by treaty. encourage excellence in this regard. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommended the re-naming of geographi- Mmino cal features as a form of symbolic repara- Mmino, the South African-Norwegian music tions to address South Africa’s past as education and exchange project, has since many of the existing names of geographical its inception in 2000 been the only funding features were not reflective of South Africa’s organisation in South Africa that funds music society and its quest for national unity. projects exclusively. The following principles are adhered to: Over the past 10 years, Mmino has • each individual feature or entity should funded more than 230 projects and/or have only one official name individuals located all over South Africa, as • the following types of geographical names well as some outstanding exchanges with should generally be avoided: Norwegian artists and institutions. - approved names of places elsewhere The Mmino Project is linked to the NAC, in South Africa but has a separate budget and funding - names of places in other countries, and procedures, and works in partnership with names of countries the Norwegian Riks-konsertene. - names that are blasphemous, indecent, offensive, vulgar, unaesthetic or embar­ Arts institutions rass­ing The following arts institutions assist to cre- - names that are discriminatory or deroga­tory - names that may be regarded as an The Department of Arts and Culture held sev- eral events during Women’s Month in August advertisement for a particular product, i 2010 to celebrate South African women’s service or firm achievements. - names of living persons. • The department, in partnership with the University Geographical names committees have of the Western Cape, hosted a memorial lecture in been established in all nine provinces. honour of struggle icon Dulcie September, who died in exile during apartheid. These committees play an important role in • The department unveiled the Sarah Baartman standardising geographical names. Centre of Remembrance Architectural Concept Design on 22 August 2010 in Hankey, Eastern National Arts Council of South Cape. • The department also hosted a women’s writers’ Africa (NAC) symposium with the theme: Women’s Words: Afri- The mandate of the NAC is set out in its can Worlds: Renewing a Dialogue between African founding legislation, the NAC Act (1997), as Women Writers and Women of African Descent. The follows: symposium took place on 25 and 26 August 2010 at • to provide and encourage the provision of the Windybrow Theatre and Museum Africa. opportunities for persons to practise the The department marked the end of Women’s Month with a concert featuring female artists. Prominent South arts African female musicians were invited to be part of this • to promote the appreciation, understand- musical extravaganza, including Siphokazi, Abigail ing and enjoyment of the arts Kubheka, Dorothy Masuka, Thandi Klaassen and the • to promote the general application of the Mahothella Queens. arts in the community

75 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture ate a sustainable performing arts industry based on access, excellence, diversity and The national anthem redress, and to encourage the development of the full range of performing arts: • State Theatre, Pretoria Nkosi sikelel’ i Afrika • Playhouse Company, Durban Maluphakanyisw’ uphondo lwayo, • ArtsCape, Cape Town Yizwa imithandazo yethu, • Market Theatre, Johannesburg Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho lwayo. • Performing Arts Centre of the Free State, Bloemfontein Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso, • Windybrow Theatre, Johannesburg. O fedise dintwa le matshwenyeho, The institutions receive annual transfers O se boloke, from the Department of Arts and Culture, O se boloke setjhaba but also generate revenue through entrance sa heso, fees, donor assistance, sponsorships and Setjhaba sa South Afrika – rental income. South Afrika.

Business and Uit die blou van onse hemel, Arts South Africa (Basa) Uit die diepte van ons see, Basa is a non-profit company that aims to promote mutually beneficial and sustain- Oor ons ewige gebergtes, able business-arts partnerships that benefit Waar die kranse antwoord gee. society. Its purpose is to attract corporate support for the arts and culture sector, and Sounds the call to come together, to lift the profile of the arts and artists in And united we shall stand, South Africa. Let us live and strive for freedom, The company was founded in 1997 as a In South Africa our land. joint initiative between the then Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology and the private sector. Basa is affiliated to bols. The Bureau of Heraldry is governed by the International Network of Business Arts the Heraldry Act, 1962 (Act 18 of 1962), as Associations and has almost 160 corporate amended. members. The Business Day/Basa Awards are National symbols presented annually. The awards encour- South Africa’s national symbols are the: age current and new corporate sponsors • national animal: springbok to acknowledge the results that have been • national bird: blue crane achieved in the arts and culture world, and • national fish: galjoen showcase the opportunities that arts and • national flower: king protea culture offer to their diverse demographic • national tree: real yellowwood. audiences. According to Artstrack Research 2009, National anthem arts sponsorships have more than doubled South Africa’s national anthem is a com- since 2001, when the arts market was esti- bined version of Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika mated at around R136 million, growing to and The Call of South Africa (Die Stem nearly R360 million in 2009. van Suid-Afrika). The Call of South Africa Of this, music sponsorship attracted was written by CJ Langenhoven in May 1918. nearly 50% of all the sponsorships The music was composed by Rev ML (R173 million in 2009), with the balance de Villiers in 1921. Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika was going to other arts and culture initiatives. composed by a Methodist mission school- teacher, Enoch Sontonga, in 1897. Bureau of Heraldry The Bureau of Heraldry, located in the National flag Department of Arts and Culture, is responsi- South Africa’s flag is one of ble for registering coats of arms; badges and the most recognised in the other emblems such as flags, seals, medals world. It was launched and and insignia of rank and offices of order; used for the first time on registering names and uniforms (colours) Freedom Day, 27 April 1994. The design of associations and organisations, such as and colours are a synopsis of the principal universities; and promoting national sym- elements of the country’s flag history.

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 76 It is the only six-coloured national flag These figures are derived from images on in the world. The central design of the the Linton Stone, a world-famous example flag, beginning at the flag-pole in a“V” of South African rock art. The motto on the form and flowing into a single horizontal coat of arms, !ke e:/xarra//ke, written in band to the outer edge of the fly, can be the Khoisan language of the /Xam people, interpreted as the convergence of diverse means “diverse people unite” or “people elements within South African society, tak- who are different joining together”. ing the road ahead in unity. When the flag is displayed vertically National orders against a wall, the red band should be to the National orders are the highest awards the left of the viewer, with the hoist or the cord country, through its President, can bestow seam at the top. on individual South Africans and eminent When displayed horizontally, the hoist foreign leaders and personalities. should be to the left of the viewer and the They are presented on 27 April, Freedom red band at the top. When the flag is dis- Day. played next to or behind the speaker at a The Order of Mapungubwe is awarded meeting, it must be placed to the speaker’s to South African citizens for excellence and right. When it is placed elsewhere in exceptional achievement. the meeting place, it should be to the right The Order of the Baobab is awarded to of the audience. South African citizens for distinguished service in the fields of business and the National coat of economy; science, medicine and techno- arms logical innova­tion; and community service. South Africa’s coat of arms The Order of the Companions of OR was launched on Freedom Tambo is awarded to heads of state and Day, 27 April 2000. other dignitaries for promoting peace, A focal point of the coat cooperation and friendship towards South of arms is the indigenous Africa. secretary bird with its uplifted The Order of Luthuli is awarded to South wings, crowned with an image of the rising Africans who have made a meaningful sun. The sun symbolises a life-giving force, contribution to the struggle for democracy, and represents the flight of darkness and human rights, nation-building, justice and the triumph of discovery, knowledge and peace, and conflict resolution. understanding of things that have been The Order of Ikhamanga is awarded to hidden. It also illuminates the new life that South African citizens who have excelled in is coming into being. An indigenous South the fields of arts, culture, literature, music, African flower, the protea, is placed below journalism and sport. the bird. It represents beauty, the aesthetic The Order of Mendi for Bravery is harmony of the different cultures and South awarded to South African citizens who have Africa flowering as a nation. The ears of performed extraordinary acts of bravery. wheat symbolise the fertility of the land, while the tusks of the African elephant, Languages depicted in pairs to represent man and South Africa is a multilingual country. The woman, also represent wisdom, steadfast- country’s Constitution guarantees equal ness and strength. status to 11 official languages to cater The shield, placed in the centre, signifies for South Africa’s diverse peoples and their the protection of South Africans from one cultures. These are: Afrikaans, English, generation to the next. The spear and a isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Sesotho sa knobkierie above it are representative of the Leboa, Sesotho, Setswana, SiSwati, Tshiv- defence of peace rather than the pursuit of enda and Xitsonga. war. This shield of peace, which also brings Other languages used in South Africa are to mind an African drum, conveys the mes- the Khoi, Nama and San languages; sign sage of a people imbued with a love of cul- language; Arabic; German; Greek; Gujarati; ture. Its upper part is a shield imaginatively Hebrew; Hindi; Portuguese; Sanskrit; Tamil; repre­sented by the protea. Telegu; and Urdu. Contained within the shield are some of South Africa has various structures and the earliest representations of humanity. institutions that support the preservation Those depicted were the very first inhab- and development of languages. itants of the land, namely the Khoisan people.

77 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture In terms of Section 4 of the PanSALB Act, National symbolsCommunity and orders art centres and 1995 (Act 59 of 1995), the board is an inde- other cultural organisations pendent organ of state, subject only to the More than 160 community art centres are in Constitution and its founding legislation, and operation, varying from community-initiated must perform its duties without fear, favour to government-managed. The centres oper- or prejudice. ate at different levels, ranging from general PanSALB is mandated to, among other socio-cultural promotion, advanced pro- things: grammes and vocational training. • make recommendations with regard to The centres also vary from craft cen- any proposed or existing legislation, prac- tres, community halls and community tice or policy dealing directly or indirectly theatres. Many art centres are functioning with language matters at any level of well and have made impressive contribu- government tions to local socio-economic develop- • promoteThe Order awareness of the Baobab of multilingualismThe Orderas ofment. Luthuli The DepartmentThe Order of of ArtsMendi andfor Bravery Culture a national resource supports programmes in most needy • promote the development of previously centres that are community-initiated or non- marginalised languages governmental. • initiate studies and research aimed at promoting and creating conditions for the Arts and development and use of: Culture Trust (ACT) - all the official languages of South The ACT is the oldest funding agency in Africa South Africa. It was established to secure - the Khoi and San languages financial and other resources for arts, cul- - sign language ture and heritage; and to project the needs • promote and ensure respect for all other and role of the sector into the public domain. languages commonly used by communi- Its vision is to establish a self-sustaining tiesThe in OrderSouth of MapungubweAfrica The Order of the Companionsperpetual of OR Tambo fund for theThe Orderdevelopment of Ikhamanga of arts, • facilitate cooperation with language- plan- culture and heritage in South Africa. ning agencies outside South Africa The ACT is responsible for: • establish provincial language committees • developing and promoting arts, culture and national language bodies to advise it and heritage in general on any language matter affecting a prov- • advancing artists and cultural and herit- ince or a specific language age practitioners • establish national lexicography units. The • promoting arts, cultural and heritage edu- purpose of PanSALB is to promote multi- cation lingualism in South Africa by: • constructing facilties and creating and • creating the conditions for the develop- developing an infrastructure for these ment of and the equal use of all official purposes. languagesNational bird: blue crane National flower:Due king regardprotea is given toNational ensuring fish: galjoena spread of • fostering respect for and encouraging the projects across all the cultural and artistic use of other languages in the country disciplines, including but not limited to, arts • encouraging the best use of the country’s administration, arts education, community linguistic resources, to enable South Afri- art, festivals, heritage, craft, fine art, dance, cans to free themselves from all forms of music, theatre, literature, multidisciplinary linguistic discrimination, domination and and new media. division. The annual ACT Awards recognise the In February 2010, PanSALB held the annual significant contributions made by communi- multilingualism awards for individuals and ties, artists, administrators, educators and organisations that promote and preserve journalists towards the development and multilingualism. The awards coincided with advancement of arts and culture in South InternationalNational tree: Motherreal yellowwood Tongue Day onThe 21 coat ofAfrica. arms National animal: springbok February. Arts and culture initiatives

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 78 National Language Service Bill to Parliament in 2010. The proposed (NLS) council will manage training, accreditation The NLS is located in the Department of Arts and registration of language practitioners to and Culture. It is tasked with meeting the raise the status of the language profession constitutional obligations on multilingualism and the quality of language products by set- by managing language diversity through lan- ting and maintaining standards. guage planning, human-language technolo- The Department of Arts and Culture also gies (HLTs) and terminology projects. It also launched the Multilingualism Campaign in provides a translation and editing service in February 2010, recognising the national the official and foreign languages. wealth in linguistic diversity and the impor- The department has commissioned tance of multilingualism in heritage, culture, research in HLTs to develop technology for education, science and technology. African languages. The department works Through its bursary scheme, the depart- with the Meraka Institute at the Council for ment offers language-learning opportunities Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), as well as training in language practice. the North West University in Potchefstroom and the University of Pretoria. This ground- Pan South African Language breaking research is ongoing, and important Board (PanSALB) milestones had been achieved by mid- PanSALB is a constitutional organisation 2010: that was established in 1995 with the aim of • spellcheckers for all official African lan- supporting and safeguarding the language guages were completed and installed in rights of all South Africans. government departments In terms of Section 4 of the PanSALB Act, • the Lwazi Project was commissioned to 1995 (Act 59 of 1995), the board is an inde- provide South Africans with access to pendent organ of state, subject only to the government information and services in Constitution and its founding legislation, and any of the 11 official languages, using must perform its duties without fear, favour a landline or mobile telephone, free of or prejudice. charge PanSALB is mandated to, among other • the Autshumato Project was developed things: as a machine-aided translation tool for • make recommendations with regard to open-source implementation. any proposed or existing legislation, prac- Government encourages and supports the tice or policy dealing directly or indirectly use of open content and open standards. with language matters at any level of The main aims of this project are: government • developing a management system for the • promote awareness of multilingualism as creation of terminology lists a national resource • developing an integrated translation envi- • promote the development of previously ronment within the open-source frame- marginalised languages work to assist word translators of the 11 • initiate studies and research aimed at official languages promoting and creating conditions for the • developing machine-aided translation development and use of: systems -- all the official languages of South • developing a basic document manage- Africa ment system -- the Khoi and San languages • making these tools and services public -- sign language and freely available •  promote and ensure respect for all other • producing scholarly papers and articles of languages commonly used by communi- international quality ties in South Africa • creating open-source interaction among interested parties to ensure further devel- The Fly the Flag for Football Campaign was opment in HLTs. launched in April 2009 to rally support among Some HLT applications, such as the tele- i all South Africans for the game of football, along phone-based interpreting service, are being with unparallelled pride in the nation. developed to connect South Africans to gov- The campaign was communicated through a series of ernment information and services through a roadshows targeting communities and institutions of higher learning in the World Cup host cities. normal telephone regardless of the levels of The 2010 National Communication Partnership dis- literacy and location of individuals. tributed millions of South African flags through various The Department of Arts and Culture sub- campaigns by the time the World Cup kicked off in June mitted the Language Practitioners’ Council 2010.

79 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture • facilitate cooperation with language- • promoting arts, cultural and heritage edu- planning agencies outside South Africa cation • establish provincial language committees • constructing facilties and creating and and national language bodies to advise it developing an infrastructure for these on any language matter affecting a prov- purposes. ince or a specific language Due regard is given to ensuring a spread of • establish national lexicography units. The projects across all the cultural and artistic purpose of PanSALB is to promote multi- disciplines, including, but not limited to, arts lingualism in South Africa by: administration, arts education, community -- creating the conditions for the develop- art, festivals, heritage, craft, fine art, dance, ment of and the equal use of all official music, theatre, literature, multidisciplinary languages and new media. -- fostering respect for and encourag- The annual ACT Awards recognise the ing the use of other languages in the significant contributions made by communi- country ties, artists, administrators, educators and -- encouraging the best use of the coun- journalists towards the development and try’s linguistic resources, to enable advancement of arts and culture in South South Africans to free themselves from Africa. all forms of linguistic discrimination, domination and division. Arts and culture initiatives In February 2010, PanSALB held the annual Investing in culture multilingualism awards for individuals and The Investing in Culture Programme pro- organisations that promote and preserve motes job creation, skills development multilingualism. The awards coincided with and economic empowerment, supporting International Mother Tongue Day on 21 business start-ups and poverty-alleviation February. projects. Funds are transferred to participants in Community art centres and the programme’s projects and are disbursed other cultural organisations on the basis of annual business plans and More than 160 community art centres are in service level agreements between the operation, varying from community-initiated department and the individual or group con- to government-managed centres. They tractors. operate at different levels, ranging from gen- eral socio-cultural promotion, to advanced Legacy projects programmes and vocational training. Government has initiated several national The centres also vary from craft cen- legacy projects to establish commemorative tres, to community halls and community symbols of South Africa’s history and theatres. Many art centres are functioning to celebrate its heritage. well and have made impressive contributions The legacy projects include: to local socio-economic development. The • The Women’s Monument: The objective Department of Arts and Culture endorses of this project is to commemorate the and supports programmes in needy centres that are community-initiated or non- governmental. In 2010, the world’s biggest sporting event, the FIFA World Cup, took place in South Africa and i on African soil for the first time. The Terminol- Arts and ogy Coordination Section of the National Lan- Culture Trust (ACT) guage Service initiated the Soccer Terminology Project The ACT is the oldest funding agency in to ensure that each South African got the opportunity South Africa. It was established to secure to become acquainted with the relevant information financial and other resources for arts, cul- pertaining to the World Cup in their own language. ture and heritage; and to project the needs The glossary of terms had almost 350 entries. The source text was developed from an existing soccer and role of the sector in the public domain. terminology list compiled in 1982, which included some Its vision is to establish a self-sustaining 800 terms but no definitions. perpetual fund for the development of arts, The national language bodies of the Pan South culture and heritage in South Africa. African Language Board verified and authenticated The ACT is responsible for: the terms. The terminology is available on the Department of • developing and promoting arts, culture Arts and Culture’s website: http://www.dac.gov.za/ and heritage in general chief_directorates/NLS/list.htm • advancing artists and cultural and herit- age practitioners

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 80 contri­bution of the women of South Africa around Britain in the 1800s as a “scientific to the struggle for freedom. The monu- freak” because of her physical features. In ment was unveiled at the Union Buildings 2002, her remains were returned to South on 9 August 2000. Africa. • Chief Albert Luthuli’s house in KwaDukuza, • The Freedom Park Project: The objective KwaZulu-Natal: This house has been of this project is to establish visible cultural restored by the Department of Arts and structures that celebrate and commemo- Culture as a museum with a visitors’ rate diverse and important South African interpretative centre. The project also events, spanning pre-history, colonisation involved the unveiling of Chief Luthuli’s and the struggle for democracy, and end- sculpture at the KwaDukuza municipal ing with a vision for the future. On com- grounds. President-General of the African pletion, Freedom Park will be a national National Congress (ANC) from December monument and museum. 1952 until his death in 1967, and recipient • The Khoisan Heritage and Culture Insti- of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1960, Chief tution in Hankey, Kouga Municipality, as Luthuli was one of the most widely known part of the Khoisan Legacy Project: Sites and respected African leaders of his era. under consideration include the Kat River • The Battle of Blood River/Ncome Project: valley settlement, which rose in rebel- Following the unveiling of the Ncome lion against British colonialism in 1850; Monument and Wall of Remembrance on Adam Kok’s grave in Griqualand (he was 16 December 1998, the Ncome Museum a leader of the Griqua people in South was opened on 26 November 1999. The Africa); the graves at Kinderlê, where 32 structures honour the role played by the Khoi children were killed in 1804; Wonder- Zulu nation in the war against the Voor- werk Cave; Phillipolis; Ratelgat, owned by trekkers in 1838. the Griqua Ratelgat Development Trust; • The Samora Machel Project: The Samora the sites of Griqua churches and other Machel Monument in Mbuzini, Mpuma- institutions in the Eastern Cape, Northern langa, was unveiled on 19 October 1998. Cape and Western Cape; as well battle Machel was a Mozambican military com- sites associated with the war of 1799 to mander, revolutionary socialist leader and 1803. eventually President of Mozambique. He • The Dulcie September Legacy Project: led the country from independence in 1975 This project aims to acknowledge the until his death in 1986, when his presi- heroes who sacrificed their lives for the dential aircraft crashed in mountainous attainment of freedom and democracy in terrain where the borders of Mozambique, South Africa. The project also highlights Swaziland and South Africa converge. the contribution of anti-apartheid activist • The Nelson Mandela Museum: This Dulcie September in fighting cultural intol- museum in the Eastern Cape was opened erance and building a democratic, non- on 11 February 2000. It is being developed racial, non-sexist and cohesive society. as a single component comprising three • The Matola Raid Memorial Project: The elements, namely a museum in Mthatha, objective of this project is to construct a a youth centre at Qunu and a visitors’ monument and an interpretive centre in centre in Mvezo, where former President Matola in Mozambique to commemorate Mandela was born. those who died during the raid of 1981. • The Constitution Hill Project: The Old Fort • The Bhambatha Project: The aim of the Prison in Hillbrow, Johannesburg, was project is to construct a statue of Chief developed into a multidimensional and Bhambatha and a plaque of heroes and multipurpose precinct that houses the heroines to commemorate their contribu- Constitutional Court and accommodates tion in resisting a poll tax of 1906 imposed various constitutional commissions. by the colonial government. • The Sarah Baartman Centre of Remem- • The Albert Luthuli Annual Memorial Lec- brance in Hankey in the Eastern Cape ture, which is funded by the Department and the Sarah Baartman Human Rights of Arts and Culture and held at the Univer- Memorial in the Western Cape: The sity of KwaZulu-Natal. centre includes a multipurpose space, a Other projects underway are the rehabilita- library, exhibition spaces, an indigenous tion and development of the Lock Street garden and a nursery. Sarah “Saartjie” Women’s Prison in East London into a Baartman (1789 – 1815) was a famous women’s museum and rehabilitation centre; Khoikhoi woman who was displayed the development of the former apartheid

81 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture state security farm Vlakplaas into a heritage Mosadi wa Konokono (Woman memorial site; and the OR Tambo Memorial of Substance) Project in Mbizana in the Eastern Cape. Mosadi wa Konokono is a flagship campaign The Department of Arts and Culture has of the Department of Arts and Culture. It is a funded the Liliesleaf Project with an amount socio-cultural-economic campaign that was of R5 million. Liliesleaf Farm, which was conceptualised as a vehicle for elevating once the headquarters of the ANC’s military the profile of ordinary women in grassroots wing, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), has been communities. turned into a museum to showcase the story The campaign uses arts and culture to of South Africa’s transformation. foster social cohesion and to nurture a spirit In April 2010, the house of Solomon of economic self-determination. The cam- Kalushi Mahlangu was handed over by Mar- paign has also been created as a platform tha Mahlangu, his mother, to the nation to to enable the emergence of talented women preserve and promote Mahlangu’s legacy. and youth who are already instrumental in This forms part of the department’s effort and proactively building their communities. to honour South African freedom fighters through national legacy projects. A former Education and training MK cadre, Mahlangu was wrongfully Training is critical for the development accused of murder and terrorism in 1977, of arts and culture to achieve both the and executed by hanging in 1979. develop­mental and economic potential of In 2010, the department was also in con- the sector. sultation with the family of John Langalibalele The creative industries form part of the Dube regarding plans to restore, preserve Media, Advertising, Publishing, Printing, and promote his house as an integral part of Packaging Sector Education and Training South Africa’s heritage. Dube was a political Authority (Mappp-Seta). activist, actively involved in the Bhambatha Recognising the challenges facing this Rebellion, regarded as the beginning of the sector, the Mappp-Seta, in partnership struggle against apartheid. with the departments of arts and culture and of labour, the NAC, and the National Indigenous Music Film and Video Foundation (NFVF), initi- and Oral History Project ated the Creative Research Education and The Department of Arts and Culture has Training Enterprise South Africa (Create entered into partnerships with the universi- SA) Strategic Project to develop a compre- ties of Venda, Fort Hare and Zululand. The hensive on-the-job training framework for mandate for these universities is not only to the creative industries. The project is conduct research on indigenous music and funded by the National Skills Fund and the instruments, but also to identify and collect Department of Arts and Culture, and focuses all aspects of intangible cultural heritage in on people who otherwise might not have their provinces. had access to training opportunities. The department and the African The Artists in Schools Project places art- Cultural Heritage Fund promote indigenous ists with a flair for education and teaching music by hosting regional, provincial and within schools that wish to offer arts cur- national competitions on indigenous dance ricula. and music. These competitions showcase the diverse indigenous music and dance in Cultural tourism South Africa. Cultural tourism is one of the most rapidly growing sectors of the multibillion-Rand Heritage Month celebrations international tourism industry, and is an area The Department of Arts and Culture is in which South Africa is well placed to com- responsible for coordinating the Heritage pete. Professional and innovative museums, Month celebrations in September every year. galleries and theatres are key attractions for Heritage Month promotes and celebrates cultural tourists. various aspects of South African heritage. The provinces host various heritage Cultural villages activities during Heritage Month. These Most tourists visiting South Africa are eager activities culminate in national Heritage Day, to explore the country’s cultural diversity. At 24 September. the same time, an increasing number of local The theme for 2010’s celebrations was tourists want to learn more about the people Celebrating 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup they were separated from under apartheid. Successes: Our Heritage. (See Chapter 22: Tourism.)

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 82 Various projects around the country offer can achieve the goals of job creation and insight into South Africa’s cultural wealth, greater economic growth in South Africa. ranging from traditional dances and rituals The Cultural Industries Growth Strategy in rural areas, to excursions into the urban capitalises on the economic potential of and township milieux that give South Africa the craft, music, film, publishing and design its defining features. industries. These include Khaya Lendaba near Port The Department of Arts and Culture Elizabeth; the Basotho Cultural Village, situ- provides support in the form of financing, ated in the Golden Gate Highlands National management capacity, advocacy and net- Park, Free State; the Makhosini Cultural working, and by developing public-private Village and Tourism Initiative in the Valley of partnerships and other initiatives that use Kings at Umgungundlovu in KwaZulu-Natal; culture as a tool for urban regeneration. the Lesedi Cultural Village near Johannes- Worldwide, the turnover of cultural indus- burg; Tlholego in Magaliesburg; the KoMjeke- tries makes this the fifth-largest economic jeke Cultural Village, north of Pretoria; the sector, which comprises design, the per- Mapoch Ndebele Village in Winterveld, forming arts, dance, film, television, multi- north-west of Pretoria; the Gaabo Motho media, cultural heritage, cultural tourism, Cultural Village in Mabopane; the Rainbow visual arts, crafts, music and publishing. Cultural Village, west of the Hartbees- The Department of Arts and Culture has poort Dam, North West; Botshabelo in Mid- entered into partnership with significant delburg, Mpumalanga; and Shangana in stakeholders to map the cultural industries. Hazyview, Mpumalanga. International relations Cultural industries The Department of Arts and Culture’s partici- The creative industries have been identified pation in various activities in the international as one of the key areas in which South Africa cultural arena helps to identify, promote and exploit mutually beneficial partnerships for social and economic development in South The 2010 Naledi Theatre Awards ceremony Africa. was held in March 2010 at the State Theatre Together with the African Union (AU) and i in Pretoria to celebrate the best in South Africa the New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- theatre for 2009. Some of the winners were: • Best New South African Play – Brothers in Blood ment (Nepad), South Africa has embarked • Best Production of a Straight Play – Nothing But The on the road to restoring, preserving and Truth protecting African heritage. • Best Production of a Musical – Pinocchio The department’s mandate is to ensure • Best Ensemble/Cutting-Edge Production – Travels that South African talent takes its rightful with my Aunt • Best Production of a Play/Musical for Children – place on the global stage, and to use art- Seussical Juniour istry as a tool for economic self-liberation. • Best Director of a Play or Musical – Mpumelelo Paul Bilateral agreements have been signed with Grootboom (Foreplay) France, the United Kingdom (UK), China, • Best Performance by an Actress in a Lead Role Cuba, India, New Zealand and many more. (Play) – Louise Saint-Claire (God of Carnage) • Best Performance by an Actor in a Lead Role (Play) South Africa ratified the Convention on – John Kani (Nothing But The Truth) the Promotion and Protection of Cultural • Best Performance in a Musical (Male) – Diversity in 2006, becoming the 35th mem- Sibusiso Radebe (Pinocchio) ber country to do so. • Best Performance in a Musical (Female) – Margaret In the area of international cooperation Motsage (The Lion & The Lamb) and Nokukhanya Dlamini (The Lion & The Lamb) on cultural development, the Department of • Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Arts and Culture is committed to promoting Role/Cameo – Koketso Mojela (Foreplay) the African Agenda. • Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role/ Cameo – Theo Landey (Travels with my Aunt) • Best Comedy Performance (Male) (Play, Musical or United Nations Educational, Revue) – Timothy Le Roux (Pinocchio) Scientific and Cultural • Best Comedy Performance (Female) (Play, Musical Organisation (Unesco) or Revue) – Louise Saint-Claire (Pterodactyls) Unesco works to create the conditions for • Best Performance by a Newcomer/Breakthrough – dialogue among civilisations, cultures and Mwenya Kabwe (Yellowman) peoples, based upon respect for commonly • Lifetime Achievement – Hugh Masekela, Tobie Cronjé and Richard Loring shared values. It is through this dialogue • Best Community Theatre Production – Sekwatlapa. that the world can achieve the global vision of sustainable development, encompassing

83 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture the observance of human rights, mutual The conference enabled the department to respect and the alleviation of poverty. share ideas and exchange knowledge with Unesco’s mission is to contribute to the prominent thinkers on cultural diplomacy, building of peace, the eradication of poverty, and further interact and debate with local sustainable development and intercultural and international experts to benchmark best dialogue through education, the sciences, practices in order to formulate a national culture, communication and the sharing of policy that will guide South Africa’s interna- information. tional cultural engagement. Cultural diversity is a driving force of devel- opment in respect of economic growth. This Southern African Development is captured in the seven culture conventions, Community initiative which provide a solid basis for the promotion The Department of Arts and Culture initiated of cultural diversity. the establishment of the Forum of Directors- By mid-2010, one of Unesco’s projects, the General of Culture in the SADC region to Convention on the Protection and Promotion implement and monitor the recommenda- of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, tions by the ministers of culture. was entering its implementation phase. The operational guidelines were finalised African World Heritage Fund and adopted by member states in 2009 for (AWHF) implementation in 2010. The AWHF was launched in May 2006 in This marked a great milestone for devel- South Africa to support the effective con- oping countries, as the convention acknow- servation and management of natural and ledges the dual role that culture plays in cultural heritage of outstanding universal social and economic development. value in Africa. The convention provides for the establish- Heritage sites are catalysts in transform- ment of the International Fund for Cultural ing Africa’s image and stimulating socio- Diversity, which is aimed at fostering the economic growth. emergence of a dynamic cultural sector The AWHF works in close cooperation within developing countries. with key partners: the AU, Unesco/World A voluntary contribution of R87 869 was Heritage Centre, heritage institutions and made to the fund, which amounts to 1% economic development organisations. of South Africa’s annual contribution to Unesco. Africa and the Diaspora Discussions around a structured relationship Official development assist- between Africa and Africans in the Diaspora ance and the development of to ensure strong beneficial ties are on the resourcing policy agenda of the annual Nairobi Summit of Afri- In 2010, the Trade and Development Coop- can Ministers of Culture. This partnership eration Agreement (TDCA) between South presents an opportunity for cultural goods Africa and the European Union (EU) was and services from the developing world to signed. access the global markets. In October 2009, the Department of Arts The AU Africa and Diaspora Summit is a and Culture received R2 million from the EU culmination of efforts to establish sustain- to co-fund the 39th Biennial Conference for able partnerships between Africans on the the South African National Council for the continent and those in the Diaspora. Blind to promote access to libraries and the development of Braille. Contributing towards The department has a mandate to harmo- post-conflict reconstruction nise common cultural policies such as the and development AU Charter on Culture and further revive the As part of the Post-Conflict Reconstruction Southern African Development Community and Development Programme, the Depart- (SADC) cultural protocols and other conven- ment of Arts and Culture is actively involved tions on the continent. in capacity-building initiatives in the fields of The Cultural Diplomacy Conference took arts management and skills development place in May 2010 in Pretoria under the in identified countries such as Ethiopia, theme: Redefining the Role of Culture in the Lesotho, Democratic Republic of Congo, 21st Century. It is among the many initiatives Burundi and Sudan. by the Department of Arts and Culture to strengthen South Africa’s cultural engage- Festivals in Africa ment with Africa and the rest of the world. The Department of Arts and Culture par-

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 84 ticipates in the International Arts and Crafts the biggest cultural tourism events in south- Trade Show hosted by Burkina Faso on a ern Africa. biannual basis. Aardklop, held annually in Potchefstroom, The World Festival of Black Arts was held North West, is inherently Afrikaans, but uni- in December 2010. The Department of Arts versal in character. The festival provides a and Culture took a big contingent to the fes- platform for the creativity and talent of local tival to participate in a number of areas from artists. traditional to classical music and visual arts, Other festivals that attract visitors on both among other things. national and international levels are the Joy of Jazz International Festival; Oppikoppi; Cultural agreements between Calabash; the One City Festival in Taung, South Africa and African states North West; the Awesome Africa Music Fes- The Department of Arts and Culture has tival in Durban; the Spier Summer Festival several agreements of cooperation in place at Spier Estate in the Western Cape; the in the fields of arts, culture and heritage. Windybrow Theatre Festival in Johannes- burg; and Innibos, in Nelspruit. Bilateral cooperation The Department of Arts and Culture The Department of Arts and Culture has and the NAC support numerous festivals signed a number of cultural agreements and throughout South Africa, including the Cape programmes of cooperation with foreign- Town International Jazz Festival, The Port St partner countries outside the African con- Johns Festival, the Splashy Fen Music Fes- tinent, including several film co-production tival in Durban and the National Arts Festival treaties. in Grahamstown. The departments of arts and culture and Arts festivals of tourism have a forum of festival directors The range of arts festivals around South to maximise tourism opportunities. Africa offers visitors the opportunity to combine their pursuit of culture with sight- Theatre seeing, wine tasting, beach visits, wildlife The theatre scene in South Africa is vibrant, viewing, history and relaxing in some of with many active spaces across the country South Africa’s most beautiful spots. offering everything from indigenous drama, South Africa’s annual rich and multifac- music, dance, cabaret and satire, to West eted arts and culture National Arts Festival End and Broadway hits, classical music, is held in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. opera and ballet. The festival has more than 600 events on South African theatre is internationally the main and fringe programmes, spanning acclaimed as unique and top class. theatre, dance, opera, cabaret, fine art, craft Apart from early productions, notably art, classical music, jazz, poetry readings the ground-breaking musical King Kong in and lectures. It is one of the most diverse the 1960s, theatre created in South Africa festivals in the world. by South Africans only began to make an The Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees impact with the advent of Johannesburg’s is a vibrant festival for the performing arts, innovative Market Theatre in the mid-1970s, presented mainly, but not exclusively, in just as the cultural, sporting and academic Afrikaans. boycott was taking hold. It is held annually in Oudtshoorn in the first quarter of the year. Disciplines include drama, cabaret, and contemporary and The Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra classical music. (JPO) started 2010 on a high note with a R36- The Arts Alive International Festival, i million cash injection from the National Lottery held in Johannesburg, is an annual festival Distribution Trust Fund. The fund agreed to sponsor the JPO’s four seasons of music, dance, theatre and visual arts. of symphony concerts per year, as well as its affiliated Over the years, Arts Alive has become syn- development and education projects for the next three onymous with high-quality performances years. by artists from around the globe. Heritage- The funding enabled the JPO, which celebrated its reclamation festivals are also held in com- 10th year of existence in 2010, to continue creating work for classical musicians and training new talent. munities destroyed by apartheid, such as During the first season in 2010, acclaimed South Vrededorp (Fietas) in Johannesburg. African-born conductor Gérard Korsten, Bulgaria’s Emil The Mangaung Cultural Festival (Macufe) Tabakov and Japan’s Yasuo Shinozaki each conducted in Bloemfontein is gaining status as one of the JPO for two weeks.

85 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture In July 2010, “vuvuzela” was voted the word 1940s by bands like the Merry Blackbirds of the FIFA World Cup tournament by global Orchestra, to current performers such as i linguists. “Vuvuzela” was chosen by 75% of more than trumpeter Hugh Masekela, Jonas Gwangwa, 320 linguists from over 60 countries who were asked to Abdullah Ibrahim, Jimmy Dludlu, Judith choose the word with the biggest impact on the tourna- Sephuma and others. ment. Kwaito and hip-hop are very popular, The vuvuzela is a music instrument used by sup- combining elements of rap, reggae and porters. other musical styles into a distinctly South African style. Kwaai Jazz is also gaining The Market Theatre was formally opened momentum. on 21 June 1976. It was here that Johan- Music is one of the key cultural industries nesburg theatregoers were introduced to identified in the Cultural Industrial Growth the work of most of South Africa’s leading Strategy Report, and government has com- playwrights and directors, including Wel- mitted itself to harnessing its potential. In come Msomi, Zanemvula (Zakes) Mda, Pie- addition to its cultural value, music plays ter-Dirk Uys, Gibson Kente, Paul Slabolep- an important economic role in the country, szy, Mbongeni Ngema, Adam Small, generating significant copyright revenue. PG du Plessis, Kessie Govender, Bartho In music, the department has solid foun- Smit, Maishe Maponya, Percy Mtwa, Deon dations to build on. These include the annual Opperman, Reza de Wet, Matsemela South African Music Week, the in-school Manaka and many others. education programme run in conjunction It was to the Market Theatre that Athol with the Department of Basic Education, Fugard brought his A Lesson from Aloes, and the Moshito Music Conference and Master Harold … and the Boys, The Road to Exhibition. Mecca, A Place with the Pigs, My Children! The Taking South African Music to the My Africa! and Playland. At the Market, World Programme is aimed at improv- Barney Simon and his actors developed in ing export opportunities for South African workshop Cincinatti – Scenes from City Life, music. Call Me Woman, Black Dog Inj’emnyana, The Department of Arts and Culture funds Outers, Born in the RSA and Woza Albert! a number of musical ensembles directly and The performing arts marketed South Africa indirectly, through the NAC. to overseas audiences most effectively dur- ing the 1980s, specifically through theatre Midem 2010 and musical productions. The Marché International du Disque et de Nowadays, in nurseries such as the Mar- l’Edition Musicale (Midem) is an interna- ket Theatre Laboratory, the Liberty Theatre tional music market, held in France. The fair, on the Square’s Saturday Children’s which has been held annually since 1967, Theatre workshops, the Cape Town brings together the major players in the Theatre Lab and the Johannesburg Youth international music industry, including musi- Theatre, new shoots of talent are burgeon- cians, businesspeople, media and cultural ing and blooming, nurtured by events like policy-makers. the Market’s community and young writers’ Regarded globally as the world’s larg- festivals. est music industry trade fair, 2010’s event In recent years, South African theatre has named South Africa as Midem’s Country of taken the entertainment world by storm with Honour. This means that the programme commendable reviews for Umoja, The Lion included a number of concerts by African King and Kat and The Kings. The reception artists, as well as a music industry confer- these productions receive in capitals of the world testifies to the high quality of indig- South African soprano Pumeza Matshikiza was enous South African theatre. the 2010 winner of the sixth Veronica Dunne i International Singing Competition held in Dub- lin, Ireland. Music The event, which took place in January 2010, saw 59 South Africa has nurtured the development accomplished performers competing for the coveted of an array of distinctive styles of music, and prize of €10 000. has contributed significantly to music heard The 30-year-old Matshikiza grew up in the townships on the continent. of Khayelitsha, Langa and Nyanga outside Cape Town. After outshining vocalists from 21 countries, Mat- These styles range from South African jazz, shikiza took the top honour, while fellow South African which describes a range of music from early Sarah-Jane Brandon walked off with the second prize marabi-inspired sounds in the late 1930s and of €5 000.

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 86 ence that put South African issues and Factory, provides a permanent platform for those of the continent in the spotlight. a variety of dance and movement groups. The Wits Theatre (part of the University of Moshito Music Conference the Witwatersrand) is also a popular dance and Exhibition venue. It is home to the annual First National The Department of Arts and Culture contin- Bank (FNB) Dance Umbrella. ues to host the annual Moshito Conference The FNB Dance Umbrella 2010, which and Exhibition, which has become the key was held in association with the NAC and African continent music exhibition and mar- the Market Theatre, ran from 27 February to keting point. 14 March. The exhibition is aimed at promoting There were performances at various collaboration among players from both the Johannesburg theatres: the University of private and public sectors. Johannesburg Arts Centre in Auckland The annual event is designed to provide Park, the Wits Theatre, The Dance Factory, opportunities for business networking; the Market Theatre and the Barney Simon information exchange; music-business edu- Theatre in Newtown. cation; promotion and product development The festival featured choreographers and for national music producers, performers, companies from all over South Africa, and individuals and entities providing support presented work ranging from community- services; as well as to strengthen business based/youth groups, young up-and-coming opportunities for the music industry and choreographers and newly commissioned related media. work from South African artists, to interna- tional companies. South African Music Awards The Cape Town City Ballet, started in (Samas) 1934 as the University of Cape Town Ballet The 16th annual Sama ceremony took Company, is the oldest ballet company in place in April 2010. Categories and winners the country. included: The largest ballet company is the South • Album of the Year: Big Nuz – Undisputed African Ballet Theatre, based in Johannes- • Male Artist of the Year Artist: Black burg. Coffee – Home Brewed • Female Artist of the Year: Lira – Live in Visual arts Concert: A Celebration Art galleries in South Africa’s major cities • Newcomer of the Year: Tshepo Mngoma (such as the Durban Art Gallery in KwaZulu- – People and Places Natal; the Johannesburg Art Gallery in • Best-Selling Album: Afrikaner Hart – Bok Gauteng; the South African National Gallery van Blerk in Cape Town; and the Nelson Mandela • Lifetime Achievement: Carike Metropolitan Art Museum in Port Elizabeth Keuzenkamp and Jabu Khanyile in the Eastern Cape) display collections of • International Achievement: Soweto Gos- indigenous, historical and contemporary pel Choir. work. Universities also play an important role in Dance acquiring artwork of national interest. South African dance is unique in its vitality These include collections housed in the and energy. More and more South African Gertrude Posel Gallery of the University dance companies, individual dancers and of the Witwatersrand, the University of choreographers are being invited to perform South Africa (Unisa) Gallery in Pretoria, the at festivals throughout Europe, Australia Edoardo Villa Museum and other galleries and the United States of America. Contemporary work ranges from normal preconceptions of movement and per­ In May 2010, the national comedy team, formance art or performance theatre to the “Bafunny Bafunny”, performed in London i before undertaking a national tour ahead of the completely unconventional. TM Added to this is the African experience, 2010 FIFA World Cup . The team consisted of Barry Hilton, Trevor Noah, Nik which includes traditional dance inspired Rabinowitz, Loyiso Gola, Marc Lottering, Kagiso Lediga, by wedding ceremonies, battles, rituals John Vlismas and Mark Banks. and the trifles of everyday life. They made history as the first South African comedy An informal but highly versatile perfor- production to be staged at London’s prestigious Royal m­ance venue in Johannesburg, The Dance Albert Hall.

87 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture at the University of Pretoria, and a collection Heritage South Africa is a non-profit of contemporary Indian art at the University private organisation that conserves South of Durban-Westville. Africa’s variety of architectural gems. Corporate collections of national interest include those of Standard Bank, the Amal- Rock art gamated Banks of South Africa (Absa) and There are many traces of ancient cultures the MTN cellular phone network. that existed in the country in the distant The Department of Arts and Culture sup- past. ports a number of projects that promote Experts estimate that there are 250 000 the visual arts. These range from arts rock-art sites south of the Zambezi. publications and women-empowerment The San people left a priceless and programmes to national and international unique collection of Stone Age paintings and exhibitions and infrastructure funding. engravings in South Africa, which is also the The Department of Arts and Culture’s art largest of its type in the world. collection has been restored and the works The mountains, especially the Drakens- are displayed in the building occupied by the berg range and those in the Cape, are home department. to a myraid fascinating rock-art panels. Rock engravings are scattered on flat Photography rock surfaces and boulders throughout the With its scenic beauty, abundant wildlife, interior. The artworks depict mainly hunter- diversity of cultures and rich historical herit- gatherers and their relationship with the age, South Africa is a photographer’s para- animal world and historical events, as well dise. Many South African photographers as their interaction with and observation of have been acclaimed for their work, which newcomers encroaching upon their living features in coffee-table books, documenta- space. Indigenous people with spears and ries, local and overseas exhibitions, maga- Nguni cattle, Khoikhoin fat-tailed sheep, zines and newspapers. European settlers on horseback with rifles National and international photographic and wagons, and ships and soldiers in uni- exhibitions and competitions are held in form were captured in surprising detail. South Africa annually, and various national Immortalised visions of the artists’ awards are bestowed on local photogra- spiritual world can also be found on the phers. sandstone canvases. These depict com- In July 2010, Jodi Bieber, acclaimed plex symbols and metaphors to illustrate South African photographer, made interna- the supernatural powers and potency they tional headlines with her photograph of an received from nature. Afghanistan woman on the cover of Time The oldest dated rock art in South Africa, magazine. an engraved stone some 10 200 years old, was discovered in a living floor at the Architecture Wonderwerk Cave near Kuruman in the South Africa has a rich architectural heritage Northern Cape. to which all the cultural groups in the country The oldest painted stones (around 6 400 have contributed. Through the centuries, a years) were recovered at Boomplaas Cave unique trend has developed in South Africa’s in the Cango Valley near Oudtshoorn. architectural style, which has been referred Three painted stones were also found at to as an innovative marrying of traditions. the Klasies River caves, which yielded the Today, this is evident in the variety of architectural structures found all over the country, ranging from humble dwellings, In March 2010, several South African works of historical homesteads and public buildings, art were sold by Bonhams in London. Out of a i total of 135 works by 42 artists, 82% were sold, to modern commercial buildings reflecting bringing in R28,5 million in total. state-of-the-art technology and designs that Works by Pierneef, Gerard Sekoto and Maggie Laubser match the best in the world. all beat their pre-sale estimates. The top-priced work Schools of architecture exist within vari- in the sale was by Pierneef, titled An Extensive View ous South African universities. Sahra con- of Farmlands, which sold for R3,9 million against an estimate of R1,3 million to R1,9 million. serves buildings of historical or architectural The sale’s catalogue cover lot by Gerard Sekoto, value. More than 4 000 buildings, sites and Market Street Scene, Cape Town, sold for R2,1 million other objects (including trees) have been and a Maggie Laubser, Woman Wearing a Red Doek, declared national monuments. sold for R554 000.

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 88 The fifth Cape Town Book Fair took place from These include: 30 July to 2 August 2010. The book fair held, • a partnership with South African Fashion i among other things, a trade day that was dedi- Week on developmental initiatives to cated to exhibitors and trade visitors. More than address the Second Economy 34 000 visitors and 273 exhibitors attended the fair. • established designers facilitating work­ shops to unearth new talent and fuse second-oldest painted stone, dating back design with craft some 3 900 years. • the National Product Development Cen- The Department of Arts and Culture tre at the CSIR, which operates within a supports a number of projects, including a national framework, optimising the con- rock-heritage project in Clanwilliam in the tributions of service-providers through­out Western Cape. the country in the field of design technol- ogy Crafts • the CAD initiative at the CSIR, which is The South African craft industry continues linked to the technology station at the to make headway in terms of building an Free State University of Technology and export market. similar institutions in KwaZulu-Natal and In 2010, exhibitions mounted outside the the Eastern Cape country – at the Borges Cultural Centre in • the Cape Craft and Design Institute Buenos Aires, Argentina, and at the second • the awarding of design learnerships Pan-African Cultural Festival in Algeria – through Create SA to assist and support provided exposure to different markets for emerging designers South African crafters. • the annual Design Indaba Conference Crafters also had a chance to exhibit in and Expo held in Cape Town in February. Nigeria, coinciding with the 10th anniversary The indaba is regarded as one of the pre- of South Africa-Nigeria relations. mier design events in the world. The expo is The department participated in Expo 2010 a gallery, marketplace, school and theatre, in Shanghai, China, with the theme: “Better featuring the finest original South African Cities, Better Life”, showcasing the vibrancy design, covering everything from homeware of South African cities and urban cultures. and jewellery to architecture, fashion, film, The department has craft projects in all multimedia and graphic design. nine provinces. The products of these and The 2010 Design Indaba generated close other projects can be viewed at a number to R200 million for the Western Cape’s of venues, including two state-assisted economy. Some 30 000 visitors and 350 outlets at the Bus Factory in Newtown, buyers attended. Johannesburg, and the Boardwalk in Port Elizabeth. Literature The annual Beautiful Things Craft Super- The Department of Arts and Culture, as the market continues to provide market access custodian of the nation’s heritage, embraces for this industry. its diverse cultures and encourages the The Department of Arts and Culture is promotion, preservation and use of various also running a special ministerial project of languages in both oral and written forms. craft competitions in the genres of textile, The publication of books is a critical vehicle embroidery and indigenous clay pottery for developing and preserving languages to discover new talent. In recognition of and literature to ensure social cohesion. the wealth of indigenous knowledge, the department spearheaded the opening of a In January 2010, two South Africa-themed, rural-based arts and craft gallery. filmed-in-South Africa movies – the sci-fi thriller The Vhutsila a vhu Tibiwi Art and Craft i District 9 and Rugby World Cup drama Invic- Gallery is a dream come true for the ideals tus – were nominated for six Academy Awards of skills development and the preservation between them. Invictus, directed by Clint Eastwood, received nomina- of heritage and the indigenous knowledge tions for Best Actor for Morgan Freeman, who portrayed system in the Vhembe district, Limpopo. Nelson Mandela in the film, and for Best Supporting Actor for Matt Damon, who portrayed former Springbok Design rugby captain, Francois Pienaar. The Department of Arts and Culture has put District 9, set in a South African township inhabited by aliens, received Academy Award nominations in four in place several initiatives to improve prod- categories, namely: Best Picture, Best Editing, Best uct design and the use of computer-aided Adapted Screenplay and Best Visual Effects. design (CAD).

89 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture South Africa has a rich history of literary for emerging writers to hone their skills while output that has been well received locally also opening space for literary criticism. and internationally. Fiction is written in all of The South African Literary Awards include South Africa’s 11 official languages – with a categories such as the Literary Lifetime large body of work in Afrikaans, in particu- Achievement Award, the National Poet lar. Laureate Prize, the K Sello Duiker Award The book industry in South Africa has a for Young Novelists, the Literary Journalism net turnover of R5 billion. Award and many other categories. Other The new pop culture in poetry, often awards include the M-Net Awards and the referred to as “spoken word poetry”, is one BTA/Anglo Platinum Short Story Award. of the most celebrated art forms throughout In 2010, the Department of Arts and the country and beyond. Poets such as Culture, in collaboration with the National Lesego Rampolokeng, Lebogang Mashile, Library of South Africa (NLSA) undertook Kgafela oa Magogodi, Blaq Pearl, Jessica to reprint various out-of-print books that are Mbangeni and Mark Manaka are household considered as classics in indigenous African names in the genre. There are regular plat- languages. forms created to give these poets opportuni- A total of 27 titles in the nine previously ties to hone their skills. marginalised languages were reproduced The current generation of writers is also and distributed to public libraries across the making their mark on the world stage, with nation. writers such as Zakes Mda, Niq Mhlongo The department has embarked on the and the late K Sello Duiker having their second phase of the project, which involves novels translated into languages such as the re-issuing of 18 titles (two in each Dutch, German and Spanish. indigenous language). These titles include The establishment of the South African Apha Naphaya by DM Jongilanga, Ikusasa Book Development Council (SABDC), Alaziwa by OTM Nxumalo and Megokgo ya which was launched in June 2007, has Bjoko by Oliver Kgadime Matsepe. created a platform for the book industry The Department of Arts and Culture to develop an integrated growth strat- supports the Baobab Literary Journal with egy. Among other accomplishments, the the purpose of providing a regular publish- SABDC has been able to consolidate ing platform for budding writers to appear industry indicators that are fundamental alongside seasoned ones. This publication in the development of the sector. One of includes contributors from various coun- the major projects of the SABDC is the tries across the African continent and the development of the Draft Framework for the Diaspora. National Book Policy to serve as a legisla- The department continues to support tive framework to guide growth and devel- the Time of the Writer and the Poetry opment strategies in the book sector. Africa festivals held annually in Durban. Magazines and literary journals have These festivals also deliver developmental always played a pivotal role in the develop- workshops for young emerging writers, a ment of the South African literary contours. schools programme and an initiative with In the recent past, a number of literary the Department of Correctional Services to magazines and journals have emerged and promote writing by inmates. WorldFest, a provide regular publishing space for both literary component of the Grahamstown Arts seasoned and budding writers. Festival, focuses on promoting literature in A number of writers contribute to publica- indigenous languages. tions such as Chimurenga, Timbila, Bot- The Johannesburg and the Franschoek sotso, Afropolitan, Words, Baobab and New literary festivals are welcome additions to Contrast. These journals create a platform the growing literary culture in South Africa. There is an English literary museum in Grahamstown and an Afrikaans museum in A new book by former President Nelson Man- Bloemfontein. The Centre for African Literary dela, Conversations with Myself, was released Studies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal i worldwide in 22 editions and 20 languages in is home to the Bernth Lindfors Collection October 2010. With a foreword by President Barack Obama, the book of African literature. The centre’s mission is is a journey from the first stirrings of Mandela’s political to promote a culture of reading, writing and consciousness to the invaluable role he played on the publishing in all local languages, and easy world stage. access to books for all South Africans.

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 90 In February 2010, South African director Neill The three largest film distributors in South Blomkamp’s District 9 received seven nomina- Africa are Ster-Kinekor, United International i tions for the British Academy of Film and Televi- sion Arts Awards. Pictures and Nu-Metro. Ster-Kinekor has District 9 won Blomkamp a Best Director nomination. a specialised art circuit called Cinema The film also excelled in the technical categories, with Nouveau with theatres in Johannesburg, nominations for Cinematography, Adapted Screenplay, Cape Town, Durban and Pretoria. Editing, Production Design, Sound and Special Visual Film festivals include the Durban Inter- Effects. national Film Festival; the North West Film Festival; the Apollo Film Festival in Victoria Film West; the Three Continents Film Festival In recent years, South Africa has risen from (specialising in African, South American being a film-making destination to a film- and Asian films); the Soweto Film Festival; producing country. and the Encounters Documentary Festival, The NFVF was established to develop which alternates between Cape Town and and promote the film and video industry in Johannesburg. South Africa. It provides for and encourages the creation of opportunities for people from Film and Publication Board disadvantaged communities to participate in (FPB) the industry. The foundation also promotes The FPB assists the public to make informed local film and video products, supports the choices about whether a particular film is development of and access to the industry, appropriate by displaying guidelines, which and addresses historical imbalances in identify classifiable elements such as strong infrastructure skills and resources in the language, violence, sex, nudity, drug abuse, industry. blasphemy and religious prejudice. In 2010, the Department of Arts and The FPB was established by the Film and Culture supported the NFVF with a Publications Act, 1996 (Act 65 of 1996), to: R10-million grant to set up cooperatives in • regulate the creation, production, posses- rural areas and townships that focus on tak- sion and distribution of certain publications ing cinemas to the people, and developing and films by means of classification, the skills in areas related to film production. imposition of age restrictions and giving As part of ongoing cultural collaboration consumer advice with the global community, South Africa • make punishable the exploitive use of has signed a film coproduction treaty with children in pornographic publications, France. films or on the Internet. A revised rebate for foreign and local film The board also alerts the public, through age and television production was launched in restrictions and consumer advice, about the March 2008. frequency and intensity of these classifiable The film and television production incen- elements in a particular film. tive comprises the Location Film and Tel- Any person who distributes or exhibits a evision Production Scheme, and the South film or interactive computer game in South African Film and Television Production and Africa must first register with the board as a Coproduction Scheme. The incentive is distributor or exhibitor of films or interactive intended to increase local content genera- games. tion and improve location competitiveness Any film intended for distribution or exhi- for filming in South Africa. bition must first be submitted to the board These programmes paid out R209 million to 44 projects in 2009. This component is only available to The Film and Publications Board (FPB), under foreign-owned productions with Qualify- the Department of Home Affairs, in collabora- i tion with the Department of Trade and Industry, ing South African Production Expenditure launched the Anti-Piracy Campaign in Septem- (QSAPE) of R12 million and above. ber 2010, in Boksburg, Gauteng. The FPB’s relations It provides a rebate of 15% of the QSAPE with the department are informed by the consumer to qualifying productions in the following focus they share in protecting the film, publication and music industries of South Africa against elements that formats: feature films, telemovies, television undermine and place at risk consumers and artists drama series, documentaries, animation involved in the production of such material. The cam- and short-form animation. Its aim is to attract paign seeks to improve cooperation in fighting piracy large-budget overseas film and television and the related incidence of unclassified material found productions to South Africa. in pirated content.

91 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture for classification in terms of the Film and Most of the country’s national museums Publications Act, 1996. are declared cultural institutions (national To monitor distributors on-site and to museums that have framework autonomy ensure that films are distributed in compli- and are managed by their own councils), ance with the provisions of the Act, the and fall under the overall jurisdiction of board has appointed compliance moni- the Department of Arts and Culture. They tors. They advise distributors and exhibi- receive an annual subsidy from the depart- tors of films and interactive games of the ment, but function autonomously. Act’s requirements and ensure that all The following museums report to the Min- products display the classification refer- ister of Arts and Culture: ence number, age restriction, consumer • Ditsong Museums of South Africa advice and such other conditions as may • Iziko museums, Cape Town have been imposed by the board. The • Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg Film and Publications Act, 1996 recog- • National Museum, Bloemfontein nises the right of adults to freedom of • Afrikaanse Taalmuseum, Paarl expression, except with respect to child • National English Literary Museum, Gra- pornography, and requires the board to hamstown intervene where there is a risk of harm to • Voortrekker Museum, Pietermaritzburg children. • War Museum of the Boer Republics, Child pornography is defined as any Bloemfontein image, however created, or any descrip- • Robben Island Museum, Cape Town tion of a person, real or simulated, who is • William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimber- depicted or described as being under the ley age of 18 years, engaged in sexual conduct; • Engelenburg House Art Collection, Preto- participating in or assisting another person ria to participate in sexual conduct; or showing • Nelson Mandela Museum, Mthatha or describing the body, or parts of the body • Luthuli Museum, KwaDukuza. of such a person in a manner that amounts The Ditsong Museums of South Africa to sexual exploitation. consist of the National Cultural His- The board spearheads a national anti- tory Museum (NCHM) and its former child-pornography campaign to educate satellite museums (Kruger House, learners about ways to avoid victimisation. Tswaing Meteorite Crater, Willem Prinsloo The board has a toll-free number (0800 148 Agricultural Museum, Pioneer Museum, 148) where child-pornography websites can Sammy Marks Museum and the Coert Stey- be reported. nberg Museum), the Transvaal Museum and the South African National Museum of Museums Military History in Johannesburg. Museums are the windows to the natural The Iziko museums of Cape Town consist and cultural heritage of a country. South of the South African Museum, the South Afri- Africa can justifiably be called the “museum can Cultural History Museum and its satellite country of Africa”, with the earliest of its museums, the South African National Gallery, museums dating back to the first half of the the William Fehr Collection and the Michae- 19th century. lis Collection. More than 300 of the approximately 1 000 The Robben Island Museum was estab- museums in Africa are situated in South lished as a national monument and museum, Africa. They range from museums of geol- and declared South Africa’s first world herit- ogy, history, the biological sciences and age site in 1999. Guided tours are offered to the arts, to mining, agriculture, forestry and historical sites on the island, including the many other disciplines. cell in which former President Mandela was imprisoned. In April 2009, the Department of Arts and In April, South Africa was chosen as the 2010 Market Focus Country at the London Book Culture declared Freedom Park a cultural i Fair, which was attended by more than 23 000 institution under the Cultural Institutions Act, people. The theme One Nation, Many Voices, 1998 (Act 119 of 1998). The Freedom Park was aimed at giving international exposure to the Council was appointed and inaugurated in diverse voices from South Africa. 2009. Participants included a cross-generation of writers. The honour of becoming a market focus country pro- Freedom Park is stationed in Pretoria vided an opportunity for South Africa to showcase its and opened the doors of its museum authors, publishers, booksellers and other aspects of //hapo (meaning “dream” in Khoisan) to the the book industry to world audiences. public in June 2010.

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 92 Apart from the declared museums that fall beings. It has an impressive collection of under the department, there are a number early human fossils and houses some of of other museums administered by central the largest herpetological and ornithological government departments or research coun- collections in southern Africa. cils. The Tswaing Meteorite Crater, situated Notable examples are the Museum of to the north-west of Pretoria, combines a the Council for Geoscience (Pretoria); the museum with a cultural-development initia- Theiler Veterinary Science Museum at tive. Onderstepoort (Pretoria); the South African The NCHM in Pretoria is a centre for Air Force Museum at Zwartkop Air Force the preservation and promotion of the cul- Base (Pretoria) with its satellites in Cape ture and heritage of all South Africans. It Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban; the explores cultural diversity and commonali- museum of the Department of Correctional ties, links the present and the past to offer Services (Pretoria); and the Porcinarium a better understanding of both, and nurtures (the world’s first pig museum) outside Pre- the living cultures of all South Africans. toria on the Irene Campus of the Agricultural Mining is best represented by the De Research Council. Beers Museum at the Big Hole in Kimberley, The best-known natural history collec- where visitors can view the biggest hole tions in South Africa are housed in the ever made by man with pick and shovel. It Iziko museums, the Ditsong Museums of includes an open-air museum, which houses South Africa, the National Museum, and the many buildings dating back to the era of the KwaZulu-Natal Museum. diamond diggings. The following natural history museums Another important mining museum is at do not fall under the Department of Arts and Pilgrim’s Rest, Mpumalanga, where the first Culture but work closely with the national economically viable goldfield was discovered. heritage institutions: The entire village has been conserved and • McGregor Museum, Kimberley restored. • East London Museum Agriculture in South Africa is depicted • South African Institute for Aquatic Biodi- mainly in two museums. These are Klein- versity, Grahamstown plasie in Worcester, Western Cape, which • Port Elizabeth Museum showcases the wine culture and the char- • Durban Museum of Natural History. acteristic architecture of the winelands; and The best-known cultural history collections the Willem Prinsloo Agricultural Museum are housed in the Iziko and the Ditsong between Pretoria and Bronkhorstspruit museums, and in the following: in Gauteng. This museum comprises two • Durban Local History Museum “house” museums, and runs educational • Museum Africa, Johannesburg. programmes based on their extensive col- The following art galleries report to the lection of early farming implements, vehicles Department of Arts and Culture: of yesteryear and indigenous farm animals. • South African National Gallery, Cape The Absa Museum and Archives in Town Johannesburg aims to preserve the bank- • William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimber- ing group’s more than 110 years of history. ley. It also houses a unique and very valuable The South African Cultural History Museum coin and banknote collection. (Slave Lodge) in Cape Town houses the old- est cultural history collection in the country. In September 2010, the former Minister of The South African Museum (Cape Town) Arts and Culture, Ms Lulu Xingwana, launched showcases the natural history of South i the Iziko Social History Centre in Cape Town. Africa, as well as relics of the early human The launch formed part of the Heritage Month inhabitants of the subcontinent. The huge celebrations. The centre holds a wide range of reserve Whale Hall houses possibly the most collections and archives, such as indigenous cultural material from southern Africa, artifacts from the colonial impressive of all its exhibitions. This is the period of the Cape, including maritime and historical only collection in South Africa with a plan- archaeology, as well as, among other things, collections etarium attached to it. of world ceramics, furniture, coins and textiles. The Transvaal Museum in Pretoria houses The centre will also focus on the colonial apartheid the skull of Mrs Ples, a 2,5 million-year-old and post-apartheid periods. An important resource located at the Iziko Social History Centre is the Social hominid fossil, and depicts the origin and History Library, which addresses the history and development of life in South Africa, from the people of southern Africa, with a special focus on Cape most primitive unicellular form of life to the Town and the Western Cape. emergence of mammals and the first human

93 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture The Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg Sound Archives. Its primary functions are offers a realistic view of the political situation to obtain and preserve films, videotapes in South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s. and sound recordings of archival value, and Exhibitions in the museum include, among to make these available for research and other things, audio-visual footage recorded reference purposes. during the apartheid era. The archives of central government are The Red Location Museum in Port preserved in the National Archives’ reposi- Elizabeth highlights the struggle against tory in Pretoria. The provincialisation pro- apartheid and has won three international cess has been completed. All nine provinces awards. now run their archiving services independ- One of the most common types of ently from the National Archives. museum in South Africa is the “house” The retrieval of information from archives museum. Examples include an entire village is facilitated by the National Automated nucleus in Stellenbosch; an example of the Archival Information System (www.national. lifestyle of the wealthy wine farmer in Groot archives.gov.za), which includes national Constantia in the Western Cape; the man- registers of manuscripts, photographs, sion of the millionaire industrialist Sammy audiovisual material, etc. The National Marks, outside Pretoria; the Victorian afflu- Archives also renders a regulatory records- ence mirrored in Melrose House, Pretoria; management service with regard to current and the Kruger House Museum in Pretoria, records in governmental bodies, aimed the residence of Paul Kruger, former Presi- at promoting efficient, transparent and dent of the Zuid-Afrikaanse Republiek. accountable administration. Simpler architectural variations have not The National Archives is responsible for been neglected, for instance, the pioneer- collecting non-public records with enduring dwelling in Silverton, Pretoria; and the value of national significance. In so doing, humble farmhouse at Suikerbosrand near it is obliged to pay special attention Heidelberg in Gauteng. to aspects of the nation’s experience There are several open-air museums that neglected by archives of the past. showcase the black cultures of the country, The Oral History Programme seeks to for example Tsongakraal near Letsitele, build the National Archives’ capacity to Limpopo; the Ndebele Museum in Mid- document the spoken word, and fill the gaps delburg, Mpumalanga; the Bakone Malapa in the archives of previously disadvantaged Museum in Polokwane, Limpopo; and the communities. The automated National Reg- South Sotho Museum in Witsieshoek, Free ister of Oral Sources is an important element State. of the programme. The National Oral History South Africa has two national military his- Association, which was established in 2006, tory museums. The South African Museum hosts annual oral history conferences. for Military History in Johannesburg reflects The National Archives also has an out- the military history of the country, while the reach programme, which promotes the War Museum in Bloemfontein depicts the use of the National Archives’ facilities. This Anglo-Boer/South African War in particular. programme allows the public to tour the The famous battlefields of KwaZulu-Natal, archives and gain insight into other func- the Northern Cape and North West are also tions performed by the National Archives worth a visit. and Records Service of South Africa. The work of the War-Graves Division of The Act also provides government with a Sahra includes the upkeep of graves of measure of control over private collections. victims of the struggle for South Africa’s Archives are taken to the people of South liberation.

Archives The National Archives and Records Service of The archives of governmental bodies are South Africa hosted the annual Archives and transferred to archive repositories after 20 i Heraldry Awareness Week from 17 to 21 May years, and are accessible to the public and 2010. The Archives Week is aimed at inculcating an apprecia- to the office of origin. tion of history and heritage among all South Africans in The National Archives and Records an effort to foster nation-building and social cohesion. Service functions in terms of the National In 2010, the Archives Week took place on the eve of Archives and Records Service of South the world’s biggest sporting event, the 2010 FIFA World TM Africa Act, 1996 (Act 43 of 1996). Cup . The theme was: Our Archives, Our Stories: Pre- The National Archives in Pretoria serving our Soccer Heritage. includes the National Film, Video and

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 94 Africa through coordinated national and It is mandated by the NLSA Act, 1998 provincial archive services. (Act 92 of 1998), to collect and preserve The National Archives is also respon- intellectual documentary heritage material sible for ensuring effective, transparent and to make it accessible worldwide. It and accountable management of all public ensures that knowledge and information are records. retained for posterity and are available for future research. Library and Information The National Library’s collections con- Services (LIS) sector tain a wealth of information, including rare South Africa’s growing LIS sector includes a manuscripts, books, periodicals, govern- national library, public/community libraries, ment publications, foreign official publica- special libraries, government libraries and tions, maps, technical reports, and books on higher education (HE) libraries. special interest, including Africana material The Library and Information Association and newspapers. Some are also available of South Africa (Liaisa) conducts an annual on CD, microfilm, in digital format or on the survey of the number of libraries in South web. Africa. The Bookkeeper Mass De-acidification In 2010, there were 7 334 libraries, made System was installed by the library in 2009 up as follows: 366 community libraries within for the treatment of books and archival the six metropolitan areas, 1 386 commu- material. nity libraries affiliated to the nine provincial The functions of the NLSA are to build a library services, 160 higher education librar- complete collection of published documents ies, 5 310 school libraries, and 112 special emanating from or relating to South Africa; and government departmental libraries. to maintain and preserve these collections; to provide access to them through biblio- Provincial library services graphic, reference, information and interli- Libraries in the nine provinces offer outreach, brary/interlending services; and to promote literacy, information technology, reading and information awareness and information school programmes. literacy. The South African Community Library In terms of the Legal Deposit Act, 1997 and Information Service Bill aims to set the (Act 54 of 1997), the NLSA receives two norms and standards for a transformed com- copies of each book, periodical, newspaper, munity library sector. This Bill was tabled in map, manuscript material or other publica- Parliament in 2010. tion that is published in South Africa in any medium, whether print or electronic. National Council for Library Other legal deposit libraries are the and Information Services Library of Parliament in Cape Town; the (NCLIS) Mangaung Public Library in Bloemfontein; The NCLIS was established in terms of the the Msunduzi Municipal Library in Pieterma- NCLIS Act, 2001 (Act 6 of 2001), (Annexure ritzburg; and the National Film, Video and A). The NCLIS advises the ministers of arts Sound Archives. and culture and of basic education on mat- The Legal Deposit Act, 1997 also provides ters relating to LIS to support and stimulate for the establishment of official publications the socio-economic, educational, cultural, depositories (OPDs) in line with sections recreational, scientific research, technologi- 6 (2) and (3) of the Act. The Constitutional cal and information development of all com- Court Library was the first OPD to be des- munities in the country. ignated, with the Phuthaditjhaba Public The functions of the council are to Library in the Free State the second. North develop and coordinate LIS in the country. West Provincial Library, Information and The council was reconstituted in March Archives Service was designated OPD sta- 2008. It developed the Library Transforma- tus with effect from 1 January 2009. tion Charter, which aligns the role of libraries The NLSA and the Department of Arts with the vision and strategic framework of and Culture are in the process of revitalising government. and ain adherence with national priorities, mainly to promote accessibility to books and National Library of South support African literature. Africa The new building of the Pretoria Campus, The NLSA is custodian and provider of funded by the Department of Arts and Culture, the nation’s key knowledge resources. was inaugurated on 1 August 2008. The new

95 SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 – Arts and culture premises covers 33 000 m2, has seating for • assisting Africa’s development by provid- 1 300 library users, and cost about ing advice, expertise and documents in R347 million. accessible formats for blind persons and the institutions that serve their information South African Library for the needs. Blind (Salb) The Salb has a membership of more than The Salb is a statutory organisation located 5 500 people, an audio and Braille collection of in Grahamstown. Its aim is to provide, free over 22 700 books, and an annual of charge as far as is reasonably possible, circulation of more than 170 000 books in a national LIS to serve blind and print- Braille or audio format. handicapped readers in South Africa. It is partly state-funded and depends for Blind SA the remainder of its financial needs on funds Blind SA is an organisation of the blind, from the private sector and the general pub- governed by the blind, and is located in lic. Johannesburg. One of its prime objectives The Salb also produces documents in spe- is to provide services for blind and partially cial media such as Braille and audio formats. It sighted individuals to uplift and empower develops standards for the production of such them by publishing books, magazines and documents and researches production other documents in Braille. Blind SA pro- methods and technology in the appropriate vides: fields. • study bursaries for blind and partially It also acquires, manufactures and dis- sighted students seminates the technology people with visual • interest-free loans (for adaptive equip- disabilities need to read. ment) The Salb is based on five broad objec- • information (including free Braille maga- tives, namely to significantly contribute to: zines) • helping to build a nation of readers • assistance in finding sustainable employ- • assisting the organised blind community ment • improving the lives of individuals with print • advocacy (to act as a pressure group for disabilities by meeting their information disability rights) needs • Braille publications at affordable prices in • helping the State to discharge its cultural all the official languages. mandate and its obligations to blind people

Arts and culture – SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2010/11 96 Acknowledgements BuaNews Department of Arts and Culture Department of Arts and Culture’s 2009 Budget Vote Estimates of National Expenditure 2010, published by National Treasury Film and Publication Board FNB Dance Umbrella The Sunday Times

www.act.org.za www.litnet.co.za www.artsculturetrust.co.za www.nac.org.za www.actonline.co.za www.nelsonmandela.org www.artzone.co.za www.risa.org.za www.basa.co.za www.sahra.org.za www.bizcommunity.co.za www.sapa.org.za www.businessday.co.za www.southafrica.info www.capetownbookfair.com www.tonight.co.za www.createsa.org.za www.gautengfilm.co.za www.gov.za

Suggested reading Brink, Y. 2008. They came to stay: discovering meaning in the 18th century Cape country dwelling. Stellenbosch: SUN Press. Coplan, DB. 2008. In township tonight! South Africa’s black city music and theatre. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press. Dubin, SC. 2009. Mounting Queen Victoria: curating cultural change in South Africa. Auckland Park: Jacana. Jaji, S. 2008. An aspect of the South African experience in literature and reading. Ibadan: HEBN Publishers. Kombuis, K. 2009. Short drive to freedom: a personal perspective on the Afrikaans rock rebellion. Cape Town: Human & Rousseau. Kumalo, A. 2009. Through my lens: a photographic memoir. Cape Town: Tafelberg. L’atelier: Absa L’Atelier 2009. 2009. (South Africa): Absa. Mojapelo, M. 2008. Beyond memory: recording the history, moments and memories of South African music. Somerset West: African Minds. Muller, CA. 2008. Focus: music of South Africa. New York: Routledge. Newbury, D. 2009. Defiant images: photography and apartheid South Africa. Pretoria: Unisa Press. Ngatane, E. 2009. Ephraim Ngatane: a setting apart. Johannesburg: Blank Books. Peffer, J. 2009. Art and the end of apartheid. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press. Watterson, L (ed). 2009. Standard Bank Young Artist Awards, 25 years. Randburg: DeskLink Media. Williamson, S. 2009. South African art now. Zapiro. 2009. Don’t mess with the president’s head: cartoons from the Mail & Guardian, Sunday Times and The Times. Auckland Park: Jacana Media.

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