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OPERATION CASTLE Report of Commander, Task Group 7.1

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OPERATION CASTLE Report of Commander, Task Group 7.1 11658 WT-940 (EX) EXTRACTED VERSION OPERATION CASTLE Report of Commander, Task Group 7.1 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico Pacific Proving Grounds March - May 1954 June 1954 NOTICE This is an,extract of WT-940, Operation CASTLE, Report of Commander, Task Group 7.1, which remains classified Secret/Restricted Data as of this date. Extract version prepared for: Director DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY Washington, D. C. 20305 1 February 1980 80 8 13 011 _-_-__~~*&!!&g-_.&)_,__~ - __- _’ _ SCCURIIY CLAS~l~lC4llON Of THIS PAGC (W.-n D.ra Lwwd) REPORTDOCU&ENTATlONPAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS 1 BEFORE COMPLETING FORY I . RLrORTYUYnLR 1. GOVT Acccr~loli “0 h. RCCIPIZNT’S CATALOG YLJuRLR WT-940 (EX) 1,. TITLE (-4 lubfltle) L. TtPL Of REPORT & PERIOD COVLRCD Operation CASTLE Report-of Commander, Task Group 7.1 i. PtRfORYING ORG. RLPORT NVYBLR 7 . AuTwOR(=J I. CONTIIACT OR GRANT NUH~LII(.) Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 8 . PfRfORUlNt ORGANIZATION NAME AN0 ADDRESS 10. PROGR4M LLLYENT. PROJECT. TASU AREA 6 WORK UMIT )rUUllLRS Ti I. CONTROLLING OFFICL NAME AND ADDRESS IZ. REPORT DATE June 1954 13. NUMBER OF PAGES 71 ?: L. YONITORIWG AGENCY NAME l ADoRESS(rf differrnf horn tonl,.,llln# 0tfir.J 1s. SECURITY CLASS. (of rhl. r.pon) Unclassified --- ?5 . DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of rhla Report) Approved for public release; unlimited distribution. x SUPPLE~ENTARW NOTES T his report has had the classified information removed and has been republished in nclassified form for public release. This work was performed by the General Electric F ompany-TEMPO under contract DNAOOl-79-C-0455 with the close cooperation of the C lassification Management Division of the Defense Nuclear Agency. - ._ G -iCY rORD6 (C on,inuo 0” ,c)‘.,.c .id. if n.re...r,. e,d ,d,n,,,f by block numb.,, 0 lperationCASTLE Nuclear Radiation Effects RLadiochemistry Long-Range Detection T'hreshold Detectors Biomedical Studies 1'hermal Radiation B[last & Shock Measurements _ 3 1. ACSTRACT (Ca?flnr.* c., ,*I*).. .id. If n.cr..rr,. .nd ,dcn t,,, b,. t,ork .-,vmb.,J 1'he objectives of Operation Castle were threefold: (1) to fire some seven experimental ddevices, six of which were to be in the megaton range and several of which were to be PIroof tests of weapons; (2) to obtain that diagnostic information on these devices which is necessary to evaluate properly their performance in case of either success or failure a nd (3) to obtain effects information for megaton-region devices. -_ DO t::cLs, 1473 LOlllOW Of 1 NOV CS IS OeSO’_ETC Unclassified ~-- -rC..“.__ -. _.C.T.A.. _r _ . _.rr ,_ _ v-... FOREWORD This report has had classified material removed in order to make the information available on an unclassified, open publication basis, to any interested parties. This effort to declassify this report has been accomplished specifically to support the Department of Defense Nuclear Test Personnel Review (NTPR) Program. The objective is to facilitate studies of the low levels of radiation received by some individuals during the 3i:!,osphericnuclear test program by making as much information as possible available to all interested parties. The material which has brcn deleted is all currently cl. s;ified as Restricted Data or Forinerly Restricted Data under t,;r provision of the Ftomic Energy Act of 1954, (as amended) or is N,:ticnal Security Information. This report has been reproduced directly from available copies of the original material. The locations from which i:.aterialhas been deleted is generally obvious by the spacings &iia "holes" in the text. Thus the context of the material Geleted is identified to assist the reader in the determination of Acther the deleted information is yermane to his study. It is the belief of the individuals who have participated in preparing this t-c-portby deleting the classified material jrld of the Deferse Nuclear AScncy that the rei:lortaccurately portrays the colttents of the original and that the deleted material is of little or no si$liif,icanceto studies into the amounts or types of radiation received by any individuals during the atmospheric nuclear test program. In connection with the S:ientific Task Group’s pIanning for and participation in Opsraticn Castle, I wish to acknowledge the over-all directicn and invaluable advice of Alvin C. Graves, J-Divizion Lelder, LOS Alam S3i~~;-.‘;fic L?%r;tory, and Deputy for Scientific &!aiterj, Join.: Task Force SEVEN. It woulj not be pc>sjitle i:, tb.f iirr.it.e.5 ii:-.t? ZL:-LA_~~::?~~Cto deter,_:.ine all of the contri%~tors tc this report. It is based larg?l>- on dlt3 pro\‘,l :L! by Programs, Projects, Task Units, 2r.d Stsif Sections and was assembled by the Task Group staff. The following are contriblrtin, e authors whose efforts are greatly appreciated: Rodne:; L. P.amdt Armzrd W. Kel’,v. William P. Ball Ws!te: T. Kzr IzIQ, Jr. Paul R. Byerly, Jr. Neil E. Kinbj!e; Robert H. Campbell John W. Lipp Walton L. Carlson Edward A. Martell John C. Clark Buford A, Ma:!:Ycm Stirling A. Colgate Byron G. M~c<aSb Robert B. Cruise Richard J. Pitz,=r Duncan Curry, Jr. Donald I. PricX:tt Loris M. Gardner Owen A. Roberts James L. Gaylord John D. Servis Walter D. Gibbins Jamie L. Shumway Huntington K. Gilbert Ralph Carlisle Smith Herbert E. Griel Kenncih Street, Jr. Na‘har;i<;! C. F*xllett F~r!!)~;;f_J. VanGexert Ma rc4all G. Ho;lowr y Jaccjh J. Wechsler Pailill L. Hooper Ro!vrt S. White Arthur J. Hudglns Paul R. WignaIl Jack G. James W. E. OGLE Commander, TG 7.1 3-4 . 3 CHAPTEi? ! DEVICES AND -l’ECHSICXL CONCI,USIONS . 9 1.1 Ger:-zra! ObJ?:ti:.-:3 . 9 1.2 Devices ._ , __. 9 I 1.2.1 . 9 : * * * * * 1.2.2 1 . 10 1.2.3 . 10 1.2.4 :’ : : : : : . 10 1.2.5 . 10 1.2.6 iL. * * - * * . 10 1.2.7 . 11 1.2.8 . 11 1.3 Technicarisb&&& . 11 CHAPTER 2 SUMZnARY OF EXPEF_I.ClE?;TAL PROGRAMS . 12 2.1 Task Unit 1 Prvg.ams (LargeI} LASL) . 12 2.1.1 Introduction . 12 2.1.2 Yield Analysis . 12 2.1.3 Program 11, Radiochemistry . 12 2.1.4 Program 12, Reaction History . 14 2.1.5 Program 13, Diagnostic Photography . 14 2.1.6 Progian: 14, Thres?.,:l!d Detectors . 15 2.1.7 Progr%.,, 15, Alpha B:css.~rernent . 16 2.1.8 Progwr: 16, Gamma Int?csities at Late Times . 17 2.1.9 Program 17, Micro’w rographic Measurement;; . 17 2.1.10 Program lE, Therma! Ra.diation . .. 18 2.1.11 Pri;gram 19, Marine Survey . 19 2.2 Task Unit 12 Programs (UCRL). 20 2.2.1 Prcgram 21, Radiochemi;try . 20 2.2.2 Program 22, History of Reaction . 20 2.2.3 Program 23, Scientific Photography . 20 2.2.4 Program 24, Externa! Neutron Measurements . 21 2.3 Task Unit 13 Programs (DOD) . 21 2.3.1 Program 1, Blast and Shock Measurements . 21 2.3.2 Program 2, Nuclear Radiation Effects . 22 2.3.3 Program 3, Structures . 22 2.3.4 Prog?am 4, Biomedical Studies . 23 2.3.5 Program 6, Service Equipment and Techniques . 24 2.3.6 Program 7, Long-range Detection . 25 2.3.7 Program 9, Cloud Photography . 25 5 CONTENTS (Continued) Page CHAPTER 3 GENERAL ACTIVITIES OF TASK GROUP 7.1 . 26 3.1 Mission . , . 26 3.2 Organization and Comrnand Relations . 26 3.3 Advisory Group . 28 3.4 P!anning and Training . , . 28 3.4.1 Programs, Concepts, and Schedules . 28 3.4.2 Oftermination of Rtiquirements . 35 3.4.3 Traini,g ar,d IQ!-,carsals . 36 3.5 ?Zc:*;cm~nt to the Forward Area and Assembly of Subordinate Units . 36 3.5.1 Personnel . 36 3.5.2 Equipment , . 37 3.6 v~To.~.~:~c~:~t(of roe:vicqs ai>d Comp;,nents . 39 3.7 Or.-s:te C+rs?ion and F?che&rsal . 40 3.7.1 GcnZral . 40 3.7.2 Test Faci!ities . 40 3.7.3 Ii.:ra-atoll .4irlift . 41 3.7.4 I!,‘a;ratoll Airlift . 42 3.7.5 Yr’ .!or-vehicle Tra%portation . 42 3.7.6 Inf:a-atoll Boat Service . 43 3.7.7 Interatdl Surface Lift . 44 3.7.8 Off-atoll Activities . 45 3.8 Shot-phase Evaccation . 45 3.8.1 P!anning . 45 3.8.2 F~Z~~sc~r.~!slEvac:lation and I\luster ‘. 46 3.a.3 Evscl.:i.ticn of ?i*Cp2rty . 47 3.9 O+ratiws Afloat . 48 3.10 Reccvtry Operations . 49 3.11 Postshot Reentry . 49 3.12 Sample !?r;t .irns . 6 . 50 3.13 Ci~:lr:l:~Tii;.hfiC,7S : : . 51 3.13.1 Cl_I.l~~;!ii;~~tiCns by Elcc!ri\.al aild Eleciroxic Sq-!ipinsnt . 52 3.13.2 &!:iil Service . , . 53 3.14 security . 53 3.15 Classiiication I?c*:ivities . 54 3.15.1 C!::Tsific-?tion . 54 3.15.2 T:(--cxri!? Liaison . 54 3.15.3 P~?l-~tQJr:iptic Ccintrol . 55 3.15.4 Legal Advisory Problems . 55 3.15.5 Organiz.ational Matters . 55 3.16 Technical Reports . 55 3.17 l?:sptlt:ition of Fcbrces (Rull-up) . 56 3.17.1 G;ri:iral . 56 3.17.2 Phr:se-out of Personnel . 56 3.17.3 P:i,psi-ty Roll-up . - . 56 3.17.4 Headquarters Roll-up . 57 3.18 q-“ztic r,~.l ca- ::clusions 2nd Recommendations .
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