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University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF GHANA CENTRE FOR SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES A POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS OF GHANA’S SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMME BY OBED OPOKU AFRANE 10308813 THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MA SOCIAL POLICY STUDIES DEGREE. JULY, 2015 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I, Obed Opoku Afrane, hereby declare that except the references to other people‟s work which were duly acknowledged, this dissertation is the result of my own independent work carried out at the Centre for Social Policy Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, under the supervision of Dr. Seidu M. Alidu and that it has not been presented in whole or in part elsewhere for the award of another degree. ……………………………… ………………………... OBED OPOKU AFRANE DATE (10308813) ……………………………….. ………………………… DR. SEIDU M. ALIDU DATE (SUPERVISOR) i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my mother Gladys S. Bonsu, my grandmother Afia Fowaah, and my uncle Mr. William Yeboah. It is also dedicated to the memory of my late aunty, Ms. Angelina Owusu Achiaa who until her death provided unflinching support to my upbringing and education at the University of Ghana. God richly bless them all. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost I give thanks to the Almighty God for His abundant mercies and favour upon my life, and the continuous blessings showered on me by bringing wonderful people into my life. I am most grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Seidu M. Alidu. In spite of his busy schedule, he provided meaningful contributions, guidance and constructive criticisms which made the study successful. May the Almighty Allah bless him and grant him long life and prosperity. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Nuarko, the Headmaster of the Saint George‟s Roman Catholic Basic School, and the District Coordinator in charge of School Feeding Programme in the Bosomtwe District of Ashanti Region for their help during the data collection process. I equally acknowledge Asumadu Joseph, Grace Marfoh, Gloria Addai, Comfort Ama Kyerewah, Enock Boakye Asante, Abigail Yeboah Boampong and the rest of the family for their immeasurable love and support towards my education. iii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION .................................................................................................................. i DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ viii LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the study .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Problem Statement ...................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Objectives of the study ................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Rationale of the Study ................................................................................................. 6 1.6 Limitation of the Study ................................................................................................ 7 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 10 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Introduction to Political Economy Analysis Framework .......................................... 10 2.3 The Political Economy Analysis Framework ............................................................ 12 2.4 Overview of Political Economy Analysis Framework as Applied to GSFP ............. 14 2.4.1 Actors as Applied in Political Economy Framework ......................................... 14 2.4.2 Institutions as Applied in Political Economy Framework .................................. 17 2.4.3 Ideas as Applied in Political Economy Framework............................................ 21 2.5 What is School Feeding? ........................................................................................... 22 2.5.1 Overview of SFP in Other Countries .................................................................. 23 2.5.2 Overview of the GSFP ........................................................................................ 25 2.5.3 Successes of the GSFP ........................................................................................ 25 2.5.4 Increase in Educational Enrolment and Retention .............................................. 26 iv University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh 2.5.5 Challenges in the GSFP ...................................................................................... 27 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 30 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 30 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Study Area ................................................................................................................. 30 3.3 Research Design ........................................................................................................ 30 3.4 Target Population ...................................................................................................... 31 3.5 Sample Size and Sampling Procedures ..................................................................... 31 3.6 Data Collection .......................................................................................................... 32 3.6.1 Instrument for Data Collection ........................................................................... 33 3.7 Data Safety Assurance ............................................................................................... 34 3.8 Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................... 34 3.9 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ 35 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................. 36 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS .................................................................. 36 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 36 4.2: Section A: Demographic Characteristics of Respondents ........................................ 36 4.3 Main Data Analysis ................................................................................................... 39 4.4: Section B: An Institutional Analysis of the GSF ..................................................... 39 4.4.1 Examination of Beneficiaries‟ Understanding of the Legislations and Legal Framework ................................................................................................................... 40 4.4.2 Beneficiaries‟ Understanding of Key Actors in the Command Chain of the Implementation Process ............................................................................................... 43 4.4.3 Ascertaining Beneficiaries‟ Understanding of the Ideas that Brought About the GSFP ............................................................................................................................ 45 4.5: Section C: Contribution of SFP to Enrolment and the Achievement of MDG2 ...... 47 4.6: Section D: Challenges Associated to the GSFP Implementation ............................. 55 v University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................... 61 CONCLUSION, SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................... 61 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 61 5.2 Summary ..................................................................................................................