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Prefabrication, Sustainable Technique in Building Construction Abhishek K.Taware Akshaya A.Taware Dept

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Prefabrication, Sustainable Technique in Building Construction Abhishek K.Taware Akshaya A.Taware Dept Resincap Journal of Science & Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2, March 2017 Prefabrication, Sustainable Technique in Building Construction Abhishek K.Taware Akshaya A.Taware Dept. of Civil Engineering, Dept. of Civil Engineering, KJ College of Engineering & Management Research, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India Pune, India [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT also serve as conference facilities, arenas, convention locations and event centres. In terms of agricultural capacity, Prefabrication, whether full-volume or component-based, only they can be as a storage , a staging area or housing. affects the construction process without affecting the final product. Prefabrication use provides an alternative route for Modular houses, as prefabricated dwellings are otherwise procuring a building that can provide the opportunity to known, are generally shipped to their final location through benefit from changes in the construction process. The paper heavy-duty flatbed trucks. In the case of large buildings, such outlines the history and raises the level of interest in as two- and three-story units, the operation require multiple prefabrication techniques as well. The benefits of using vehicles. Construction materials include metal, wood, prefabrication includes higher quality products for clients, concrete, and a variety of other materials typically used in improved productivity and profitability for contractors and building and factory engineering. environmental benefits associated with its use. Barriers to 1.1 Background and history of prefabricated prefabrication are presented from the perception resulting Structures: from past mistakes. The prefabrication sustainability It had been used once in early 1970s in a pilot project to characteristics are qualitatively expressed as generally construct a series of 17-storey public houses, used in a favorable compared to conventional on-site purchases, but, broader scale in the 1980s in the construction of public houses the quantitative performance remains to be defined. The where all the façades of the flats were constructed in precast Prefabrication can have an economic, social and manner, improve public housing by introducing in-situ joined environmental impact in the construction industry. It is façade and wider use of other precast elements in 1990s, important that how much of a potential difference it can make. packaged projects introduced from late 1990 onward by for Steel being a flexible, durable, low cost construction material the construction of a series of schools using semi- supports for speedy and safety construction compared to prefabricated method , a series of government quarter precast concrete construction. Lastly, a case study of world’s buildings using similar construction techniques were tallest prefab tower is discussed highlighting its success out of introduced in 2000, buildings like bus depot and train station criticisms and doubts it faced during its construction. platform used large amount of prefabricated elements in that Keywords some were primary structural members (1997 onward), popular use of prefabricated external wall from 2002 onward prefabrication , sustainability, sky city. in residential buildings. 1.2 Prefabrication – Concept, Benefits & 1. INTRODUCTION Limitations: Popular use of prefabricated structures is being observed in buildings construction due to the introduction of a new Components that are assembled in a factory or other guideline encouraging the use of precast facade as a form of manufacturing site, and a structure that transfers complete green elements in construction. As their name implies, components or subassemblies to the construction site or to be prefabricated buildings are structures built by manufacturers positioned. and then installed in the selected location. It is a combination of good design and modern high- performance components and quality control manufacturing The prefabrication of the manufacturer can vary from procedures. This work is carried out in two stages, that is, the structure to structure, but usually most of the building is built parts are manufactured outside the final position and installed off-site. In most cases, this drastically reduces construction in place. time and cost, and allows construction to occur, regardless of environmental conditions. Benefits of prefabrications are as follows: •Saving in cost, material, time & manpower. •Shuttering and scaffolding is not necessary. Prefabricated buildings can be designed for virtually any use, •Installation of building services and finishes can be done but are ideally suited to operations need temporary structures, immediately. less construction time, and relatively less expensive •Independent of weather condition. construction costs. They are also an excellent solution in •Components produced at close supervision, so quality is locations where conditions prohibit or otherwise spoil site good. construction. For example, a prefabricated building may be •Clean and dry work at site. used for an office of mining site or as a guard column for • Possibility of alterations and reuse. temporary military base. Modular and prefabricated structures 44 Resincap Journal of Science & Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2, March 2017 •Correct shape and dimensions and sharp edges are The prefabrication of non-permanent solutions is one of the maintained. potential barriers to its widespread acceptance as a •Very thin sections can be entirely precast with mainstream procurement option. The introduction of the entire precision[8]. life cost calculation as a tool to view the impact of different design strategies will be applied to the building into the Limitations in use of prefabricated structures are: prefabricated system, enabling the customer to obtain a •Handling and transportation may result in damage to building with known financial impact in its useful life. members in transport process and require additional setting. •It is difficult to connect the prefabricated unit to produce the 2.3 Customer Expectation same effect as the monolithic. This leads to non-monolithic A particular obstacle to the use of prefabricated systems in construction. houses is the public's perception of traditional brick finished •They should be placed in the proper position, otherwise the houses. The wooden frame housing system is typically load on them may change and the member may be affected. accomplished with a brick outer cladding, and other •Erection equipment required. innovative systems include brick tiles that are mechanically •Transport cost is high. secured to the outer surface of the wall to attempt to mimic •Trained labour and quality supervision is required. the traditional surface. The masonry industry is developing •Prefabricated components and prefabricated structures new factory prefabricated systems that can be transported to eliminate the space and time of traditional structures. the site and will allow additional routes for delivery of homes Although prefabrications are used to a large extent in a variety that maintain the traditional masonry appearance when of countries, in India, the construction industry continues to delivered through prefabricated routes. The Housing use the same conventional approach, despite its expansion. Association is starting to purchase a multi-unit housing estate The root cause of problems is that most families do not have with prefabricated systems, with positive feedback from the confidence to build prefabricated houses[8]. residents. This is a domestic housing problem, non-residential sector customers are more receptive to the building with innovative and non-traditional look. 2.4 Industry Culture One of the factors limiting the use of certain forms of 2. BARRIERS TO APPLICATION prefabrication in housing applications is the availability of The following questions have been identified as barriers to equipment for handling large prefabricated systems in the ingestion from the Desk study field. This is a problem specific to the housing construction sector, as the use of appropriate factories is more extensive in non-domestic markets. Some manufacturers offer their truck delivery systems for cranes to enable the installation of 2.1 General Image prefabricated parts, however, where the system needs to be The image of prefabrication is coloured by the experience of adjusted later, a location-based plant is required. The industry past application, from the results of the ancient high rise is to some extent by modifying the existing equipment housing systems. (usually an excavator) to solve this problem so that the prefabricated parts can be suspended below the excavator arm Many of these problems come from workmanship, not design to move around the field. Changes in site culture and plant use flaws. These experiences constitute a barrier to some parts of will make it easier to develop panels for prefabricated the construction industry and accept prefabrication as a viable systems. alternative to building procurement. However, this situation is 2.5 Product Awareness- now being addressed through close monitoring of field activities, ensuring that the end result is a product with a Procurement of prefabricated parts of a project is usually a matter of the designer's awareness of the availability of a process quality comparable to that of traditional systems. The given system. Designers are less likely to use the system quality of the assembly is important to ensure the long-term where they do not appreciate the benefits of the
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