La Littérature Aux Marges Du ʾadab
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Tesis Doctoral Laura Navajas Espinal Para Imprimir
UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FILOLOGÍA CARACTERIZACIONES ANGÉLICAS Y MESIÁNICAS EN TEXTOS Y CONTEXTOS DE QUMRÁN : PREFIGURACIONES DEL IMAM SHIÍTA COMO HERMENEUTA ESPIRITUAL MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Laura Navajas Espinal Bajo la dirección del doctor Andrés Piquer Otero MADRID, 2013 © Laura Navajas Espinal, 2013 Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de las Religiones Universidad Complutense de Madrid Caracterizaciones angélicas y mesiánicas en textos y contextos de Qumrán: Prefiguraciones del Imam shiíta como hermeneuta espiritual TESIS DOCTORAL por Laura Navajas Espinal Director: Andrés Piquer Otero Madrid, 2013 A mi padre, José Antonio Navajas Pelayo, por estar presente en cada momento en la elaboración de esta obra 2 Nacemos y morimos solos; no obstante, sin la colaboración de otros seres humanos seríamos incapaces de desprendernos por nuestra cuenta del vientre materno; del mismo modo, la preparación para una muerte adecuada (según la filosofía budista) depende en gran medida de las enseñanzas aprehendidas a lo largo del tortuoso camino vital, y todo aprendizaje requiere de un maestro. Esta tesis doctoral, a pesar de ser estar escrita por mi, no habría sido posible sin la ayuda y participación de muchas personas. Agradezco el apoyo económico del Banco Santander al ofrecerme un préstamo-renta para poder financiarme no solo mis estudios de doctorado sino también mi estancia en Madrid; al Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de las Religiones de la UCM por contribuir a la proyección de proyectos interdisciplinarios como el que supone este programa de doctorado. Agradecer también al Instituto de Estudios Ismailíes por brindarme apoyo y ayuda a la hora de afrontar un terreno tan abstracto como novedoso como es el del pensamiento ismailí. -
A Thousand and One Wives: Investigating the Intellectual History of the Exegesis of Verse Q 4:24
A THOUSAND AND ONE WIVES: INVESTIGATING THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE EXEGESIS OF VERSE Q 4:24 A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Arabic and Islamic Studies By Roshan Iqbal, M.Phil. Washington, DC July 15, 2015 Copyright 2015 by Roshan Iqbal All Rights Reserved ii A THOUSAND AND ONE WIVES: INVESTIGATING THE INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF THE EXEGESIS OF VERSE Q 4:24 Roshan Iqbal, M.Phil. Thesis Adviser: Felicitas Opwis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT A Thousand and One Wives: Investigating the Intellectual History of the Exegesis of Verse 4:24 traces the intellectual legacy of the exegesis of Qur’an 4:24, which is used as the proof text for the permissibility of mut’a (temporary marriage). I ask if the use of verse 4.24 for the permissibility of mut’a marriage is justified within the rules and regulations of Qur’anic hermeneutics. I examine twenty Qur’an commentaries, the chronological span of which extends from the first extant commentary to the present day in three major Islamicate languages. I conclude that doctrinal self-identity, rather than strictly philological analyses, shaped the interpretation of this verse. As Western academia’s first comprehensive work concerning the intellectual history of mut’a marriage and sexual ethics, my work illustrates the power of sectarian influences in how scholars have interpreted verse 4:24. My dissertation is the only work in English that includes a plurality of voices from minor schools (Ibadi, Ashari, Zaidi, and Ismaili) largely neglected by Western scholars, alongside major schools, and draws from all available sub-genres of exegesis. -
Shi'ism Jihad
Islam – Shi‘a The article will examine the origins of the Shi‘as and discuss their distinctive perspective on war. The term Shi‘a refers to the party of ‘Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. The Shi‘as claimed that ‘Ali was the only legitimate successor (imam) to the Prophet Muhammad having been explicitly designated by him at Ghadir Khum and other occasions. The Shi‘as further restricted leadership of the community to the family (ahl al-bayt) of the Prophet. Such leadership was designated by the term imam and is passed on from father to blood successor through a mode of conferring titled nass. With the coming of ‘Ali to power in 656 CE, Shi‘ism emerged as an effective religious movement. The massacre of Husayn, the son of ‘Ali, and his forces at Kerbala during his uprising against the Caliph Yazid in 681 was an important milestone in Shi‘i history as it affirmed notions of injustices endured by the progeny of the Prophet and exacerbated a passion for martyrdom. Husayn’s activist movement was followed by other militant movements like those of Mukhtar b. ‘Ubayd al-Thaqafi (d. 687) and Zayd b. ‘Ali (d. 740), the grandson of Husayn. Shi‘i Theology and Jurisprudence Shi‘i theology and jurisprudence took definitive shape in the times of the fifth and sixth imams, Muhammad al-Baqir (d. 733-737) and Ja‘far al-Sadiq (d. 765). The later, in particular, was largely responsible for the construction of a Shi‘i legal edifice and the formulation of the Shi‘i doctrine of the imamate. -
Presented By: Musawar Hussain
Presented By: Musawar Hussain Passing of knowledge and authority through divine Imams The Sunni Great Scholars & the gap Imam Mahdi (a.s) during minor and major concealment (ghaibat) Names of great Shia Scholars in history Modern era great Shia Scholars P • The Holy Prophet (pbuh) • Imam Ali (a.s.) 1 2 • Imam Hassan (a.s.) 3 • Imam Hussain (a.s.) 4 • Imam Zainal-Abedin (a.s.) 5 • Imam Mohd Baqir (a.s.) 6 • Imam Jafar Sadiq (a.s .) First Islamic University (4000 students) 7 • Imam Musa Kazim (a.s.) • Imam Ali Raza (a.s.) • Imam • Imam 8 Hanifah • Imam Shafi • Imam Malik Hanbal 9 • Imam Mohd Taqi (a.s.) 10 • Imam Ali Naqi (a.s.) 11 • Imam Hassan Askari (a.s.) Ghaibat-us-Sughra Ghaibut-ul-Kubra. 12 (The minor (The major • Imam Mahdi (a.s.) concealment) concealment) Exercise 1) How old was Imam Mahdi (a.s.) when Ghaibat-us Sughra started? 2) How many years did Ghaibat -us Sughra last? 3) How many years have passed since then Imam has been in Ghaibat-ul-Kubra? Imam was born in 255 A.H. / 867 CE Ghaibut -ul - Imam Ghaibat-us-Sughra Kubra was 5 years (The minor concealment) (The major concealment) 260 A.H. / 872 CE 329 A.HA.H.. / 942 CE It lasted for 70 years 1,074 years and we are waiting... Exercise Can you name any of the four special deputies of Imam Mahdi (a.s)? Ghaibat-us-Sughra. (The minor concealment) The Imam appointed 4 special deputies (Na’ibul-khass) to represent him. These great scholars met the Imam. -
Civilisations from East to West
Civilisations from East to West Kinga Dévényi (ed.) Civilisations from East to West Corvinus University of Budapest Department of International Relations Budapest, 2020 Editor: Kinga Dévényi Tartalomjegyzék Szerkesztette: Authors: LászlóDévényi Csicsmann Kinga (Introduction) Kinga Dévényi (Islam) Szerzők: Csicsmann László (Bevezető) Előszó �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Mária DévényiIldikó Farkas Kinga (Japan) (Iszlám) (Japán) BernadettFarkas Lehoczki Mária (Latin Ildikó America) Lehoczki Bernadett (Latin-Amerika) Tamás Matura (China) Matura Tamás (Kína) 1. Bevezetés a regionális–civilizációs tanulmányokba: Az új világrend és a ZsuzsannaRenner Renner Zsuzsanna (India) (India) paradigmák összecsapása – Csicsmann László������������������������������������������� 15 Sz. Bíró Zoltán (Oroszország) Zoltán Sz. Bíró (Russia) 1.1. Bevezetés .............................................................................................. 15 Szombathy Zoltán (Afrika) 1.2. Az új világrend és a globalizáció jellegzetességei ................................ 16 ZoltánZsinka Szombathy László (Africa) (Nyugat-Európa, Észak-Amerika) 1.3. Az új világrend vetélkedő paradigmái ....................................................... 23 LászlóZsom Zsinka Dóra (Western (Judaizmus) Europe, North America) 1.4. Civilizáció és kultúra fogalma(k) és értelmezése(k) .................................. 27 ....................................................... 31 Dóra Zsom (Judaism) 1.5. -
Distinguishing the Virtuous City of Alfarabi from That of Plato in Light of His Unique Historical Context
HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 9 Original Research Distinguishing the virtuous city of Alfarabi from that of Plato in light of his unique historical context Authors: There is a tendency among scholars to identify Alfarabi’s political philosophy in general and 1 Ishraq Ali his theory of the state in particular with that of Plato’s The Republic. Undoubtedly Alfarabi was Mingli Qin1 well versed in the philosophy of Plato and was greatly influenced by it. He borrows the Affiliations: Platonic concept of the philosopher king and uses it in his theory of the state. However, we 1Faculty of Humanities and argue that the identification of Alfarabi’s virtuous city with that of Plato’sThe Republic is an Social Sciences, Dalian inaccurate assessment as it involves overlooking Alfarabi’s unique religiopolitical context. University of Technology China, Dalian, China Alfarabi was a Muslim political philosopher, and the present article intends to understand Alfarabi’s theory of the state in light of his historical context. The article shows that, viewed Corresponding author: through the prism of Islamic religion and political history, Alfarabi’s virtuous city seems Ishraq Ali, distinct from that of Plato’s The Republic. [email protected] Keywords: Alfarabi; Plato; the Republic; Virtuous city; Utopia; Religion; Politics. Dates: Received: 25 Dec. 2018 Accepted: 22 May 2019 Published: 14 Aug. 2019 Introduction How to cite this article: The Homo sapiens’ need for association has long been acknowledged as a fundamental truth. The Ali, I. & Qin, M., 2019, inherent tendency to form an association is the fundamental characteristic that distinguishes man ‘Distinguishing the virtuous qua man from animals on one hand and God on the other. -
"A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (Wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin." Democratic Moments: Reading Democratic Texts
Mavani, Hamid. "A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin." Democratic Moments: Reading Democratic Texts. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2018. 177–184. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 27 Sep. 2021. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350006195.ch-023>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 27 September 2021, 16:47 UTC. Copyright © Xavier Márquez and Contributors 2018. You may share this work for non- commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO A New Reading on Authority and Guardianship (wilayah): Ayatollah Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin Hamid Mavani Islam categorically rejects dictatorship because it always leads to oppression, persecution, and uprising.1 From the Islamic point of view, only the divine (most exalted), who has no partner or associate in His Lordship, Authority, and Guardianship (wilayah), has the right to govern and enjoy absolute rule. In essence, no human being has any right to rule over others. The rule and control of God is the only type of guardianship and authority that complies with human reason and intellect. Every mandate of authority and governance (hakimiyyah) for a human being requires a definitive proof. In its absence, therefore, no one has authority over another person, any other existent in the universe, or over nature, including over one’s own life and property. That these set limits cannot be transgressed is a fundamental principle under the subject of authority, as well as a matter that is well-established in jurisprudence and theology . 178 DEMOCRATIC MOMENTS [I]nvoking democracy while the infallible Imam is among us would be religiously unlawful, but . -
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(10) June 2014, Pages: 1455-1460
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(10) June 2014, Pages: 1455-1460 AENSI Journals Advances in Environmental Biology ISSN-1995-0756 EISSN-1998-1066 Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/aeb.html A Description of the Theories of Akhbari and Usuli Scholars Regarding Ijtihad Focusing on the Theories of Muhammad Amin Astarabadi and Vahid Behbahani Fatemeh Saeidinasab Department of Agronomy, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Background: Ijtihad as a discourse refers to a systematic framework in which the Received 25 June 2014 Shias' life principles are produced and unified. Reaching perfection relies on obedience Received in revised form to God's commands, which relies on understanding those commands. It is the 8 July 2014 responsibility of Jurisprudence to understand God's commands and the jurisprudents' Accepted 10 August May 2014 actions are Ijtihad and other people must obey them (Taqlid). The processes of Ijtihad Available online 30 August 2014 and Taqlid have long history and are traceable to the age of the Holy Prophet. Objective: The Shia scholars have also provided rational arguments to prove the Key words: necessity of Ijtihad and Taqlid. It is common to observe discrepancies in the fatawi of Ijtihad, Usuli, Akhbari, Mahammad the jurists and the present study is an attempt to compare the theories of two Usuli and Amin Astarabadi, Vahid Behbahani Akhbari scholars namely Vahid Behbahani and Muhammad Amin Astrabadi regarding Ijtihad. Muhammad Amin Astarabadi is the most prominent of the Akhbaris. They are referred to as a group drawing upon the holy imams' sunnah in deducting Islamic rules and unlike Usulis who refer to four sources of the holy book, sunnah, ijma', and reasoning, they believe that reasoning and ijma are not enough and that many reason- based principles used in Usul-al- Fiqh for deducting laws are invalid and the only way to achieve Islamic laws is to refer to the holy imam's hadith. -
The Princeton Theological Review
Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https://archive.org/details/princetontheolog1341arms The Princeton Theological Review OCTOBER, 1915 JESUS’ MISSION, ACCORDING TO HIS OWN TESTIMONY (Synoptics) “ Under the title of 7 came’ : the express self-testimony of Jesus to the purpose of His sending and His coming,” Adolf Harnack has published a study of the sayings of Jesus reported in the Synoptic Gospels, which are intro- duced by the words “I came” or, exceptionally, “I was sent”, or their equivalents.^ These, says he, are “program- matic” sayings, and deserve as such a separate and compre- hensive study, such as has not heretofore been given to them. In his examination of them, he pursues the method of, first, gathering the relevant sayings together and sub- jecting them severally to a critical and exegetical scrutiny; and, then, drawing out from the whole body of them in combination Jesus’ own testimony to His mission. It goes without saying that, in his critical scrutiny of the passages, Harnack proceeds on the same presupposi- tions which govern his dealing with the Synoptic tradition in general; that is to say, on the presuppositions of the “Liberal” criticism, which he applies, however, here as elsewhere, with a certain independence. It goes without saying also, therefore, that the passages emerge from his hands in a very mauled condition; brought as far as it is possible to bring them, eveh with violence, into line with the “Liberal” view of what the mission of Jesus ought to have been. It is reassuring, however, to observe that, even so, they cannot be despoiled of their central testimony. -
THE PROMISED MAHDI Allamah Muhammad Baqir Al-Majlisi
THE PROMISED MAHDI Allamah Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi English Translation of Biharul Anwar, Volume 13 (Old Edition)/Volumes 51-52-53 (New Edition) Kitabul Ghaibah – Book of Occultation Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.s.) – the twelfth Imam of the Twelver Shia Part II Translator Sayyid Athar Husain S.H. Rizvi Ja’fari Propagation Centre Mumbai – 400 050 - India The Promised Mahdi 2 Title : The Promised Mahdi (English Translation of Biharul Anwar volumes on Imam Mahdi a.s.) – Part II Author : Allamah Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi (r.a.) Published : Ja’fari Propagation Centre 94, Asma Manzil, Room no. 10, Bazar Road, Opp. Khoja Masjid, Bandra (W), Mumbai – 400 050. India Tel.: 91-22-26425777, E-mail: [email protected] The Promised Mahdi 3 Table of Contents Chapter Twenty-Six: Test of the Shia during Occultation of Imam Zamana (a.s.) and prohibition of fixing the time of reappearance ............ 5 Chapter Twenty-Seven: Excellence of waiting for reappearance, merits of Shia during Occultation and the best deeds of that time .......................... 22 Report of Ammar Sabati ................................................................................. 28 Report of Ibrahim Kufi .................................................................................... 31 Duties of Shia during Occultation ................................................................... 41 Firm faith of the Shia ...................................................................................... 41 Report of Zurarah bin Ayyan ......................................................................... -
The Moving Finger Writes: Mugh#Ra B. Sa##D's Islamic Gnosis and the Myths of Its Rejection
The Moving Finger Writes: Mugh#ra B. Sa##d's Islamic Gnosis and the Myths of Its Rejection Steve Wasserstrom History of Religions, Vol. 25, No. 1. (Aug., 1985), pp. 1-29. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2710%28198508%2925%3A1%3C1%3ATMFWMB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 History of Religions is currently published by The University of Chicago Press. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/journals/ucpress.html. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. The JSTOR Archive is a trusted digital repository providing for long-term preservation and access to leading academic journals and scholarly literature from around the world. The Archive is supported by libraries, scholarly societies, publishers, and foundations. It is an initiative of JSTOR, a not-for-profit organization with a mission to help the scholarly community take advantage of advances in technology. For more information regarding JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. -
Al-Insān Al-Kāmil
Al-Insān al-Kāmil and (اﻧﺴﺎن ﮐﺎﻣﻞ :also rendered as Insān-i Kāmil (Persian/Urdu ( اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ :In Islamic theology, al-Insān al-Kāmil (Arabic İnsan-ı Kâmil (Turkish), is an honorific title to describe the prophet Muhammad. The phrase means "the person who has reached perfection,"[1] literally "the complete person." It is an important concept in Islamic culture of the prototype human being, pure consciousness, one's true identity, to be contrasted with the material human who is bound by one's senses and materialism. The term was originally used by Sunni Sufis and is still used by them, however it is also used by Alawis and Alevis.[2] This idea is based upon a hadith,[2] which was used by Ibn Arabi, that states about Prophet Muhammad, 'I was a prophet when Adam was between water and clay'.[3] The Sunni Islamic scholar Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki, has published a Sirah on Muhammad as al-Insān al-Kāmil. Al-Jili was the author of an Arabic text entitledal-Insān al-Kāmil. Ismailis believe that each Imam is a perfect man.[4] This concept is often explained as the esoteric meaning behind practicing the Sharia, as well as explaining the Qur'anic concept of human beings not having original sin, because the centre of consciousness is pure and perfect. However, esoteric explanations (known as Batini Ta'wil) are commonplace and varied amongAlevis due to the plurality of meanings. Contents The origin of al-insān al-kāmil Al-Insān al-kāmil and Ibn al-Arabi The contribution of al-Jili See also References External links The origin of al-insān al-kāmil Mansur al-Hallaj and Al-Biruni expressed the idea within their works.[5][6] The concept was also applied by Ibn Arabi, a well- respected and influential Islamic thinker.