The Imaginative Landscape of Christopher Columbus 1St Edition Pdf, Epub, Ebook
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The Age of Exploration
ABSS8_ch05.qxd 2/9/07 10:54 AM Page 104 The Age of 5 Exploration FIGURE 5-1 1 This painting of Christopher Columbus arriving in the Americas was done by Louis Prang and Company in 1893. What do you think Columbus might be doing in this painting? 104 Unit 1 Renaissance Europe ABSS8_ch05.qxd 2/9/07 10:54 AM Page 105 WORLDVIEW INQUIRY Geography What factors might motivate a society to venture into unknown regions Knowledge Time beyond its borders? Worldview Economy Beliefs 1492. On a beach on an island in the Caribbean Sea, two Values Society Taino girls were walking in the cool shade of the palm trees eating roasted sweet potatoes. uddenly one of the girls pointed out toward the In This Chapter ocean. The girls could hardly believe their eyes. S Imagine setting out across an Three large strange boats with huge sails were ocean that may or may not con- headed toward the shore. They could hear the tain sea monsters without a map shouts of the people on the boats in the distance. to guide you. Imagine sailing on The girls ran back toward their village to tell the ocean for 96 days with no everyone what they had seen. By the time they idea when you might see land returned to the beach with a crowd of curious again. Imagine being in charge of villagers, the people from the boats had already a group of people who you know landed. They had white skin, furry faces, and were are planning to murder you. -
Early Colonial History Four of Seven
Early Colonial History Four of Seven Marianas History Conference Early Colonial History Guampedia.com This publication was produced by the Guampedia Foundation ⓒ2012 Guampedia Foundation, Inc. UOG Station Mangilao, Guam 96923 www.guampedia.com Table of Contents Early Colonial History Windfalls in Micronesia: Carolinians' environmental history in the Marianas ...................................................................................................1 By Rebecca Hofmann “Casa Real”: A Lost Church On Guam* .................................................13 By Andrea Jalandoni Magellan and San Vitores: Heroes or Madmen? ....................................25 By Donald Shuster, PhD Traditional Chamorro Farming Innovations during the Spanish and Philippine Contact Period on Northern Guam* ....................................31 By Boyd Dixon and Richard Schaefer and Todd McCurdy Islands in the Stream of Empire: Spain’s ‘Reformed’ Imperial Policy and the First Proposals to Colonize the Mariana Islands, 1565-1569 ....41 By Frank Quimby José de Quiroga y Losada: Conquest of the Marianas ...........................63 By Nicholas Goetzfridt, PhD. 19th Century Society in Agaña: Don Francisco Tudela, 1805-1856, Sargento Mayor of the Mariana Islands’ Garrison, 1841-1847, Retired on Guam, 1848-1856 ...............................................................................83 By Omaira Brunal-Perry Windfalls in Micronesia: Carolinians' environmental history in the Marianas By Rebecca Hofmann Research fellow in the project: 'Climates of Migration: -
Columbus's Ultimate Goal: Jerusalem
Columbus’s Ultimate Goal: Jerusalem CAROL D ELANEY Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology, Stanford University I N TRO D UCT I O N The Quincentennial of Columbus’s Discovery of the Americas has come and gone. Some people celebrated, others protested. The Discovery has been called either ―The greatest event since the creation of the world, save the incar- nation and death of Him who created it‖ (Francisco Lopez de Gomera writing in 1552),1 or the greatest disaster in world history. Columbus is either a saint (who was actually proposed for canonization), or he is a sinner responsible for genocide. Can one even say that Christopher Columbus discovered America when there were already millions of people living in these lands? Did he dis- cover America when he thought he had found a new route to Asia?2 The debates are interminable and the issues have become so politicized that an informed and informative discussion has been all but impossible; one steps warily into the fray. Yet, despite the voluminous literature by and about Columbus, Americans outside the rarefied circle of Columbus scholars still know little about the man and his mission. In this paper I discuss some of the little known religious beliefs that underpinned the ―Enterprise of the Indies,‖ for I think they have the potential to change fundamentally our assessment of Columbus and relocate some of the responsibility for the consequences of the encounter. Many people are unaware that Columbus made not just one voyage but four; others are surprised to learn that he was brought back in chains after the third Acknowledgments: I am deeply indebted to the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University not only for providing me with a National Endowment for the Humanities fellowship to conduct this research, but also for its unparalleled resources and helpful staff, and for creating one of the most stimulating research environments that I have encountered. -
Columbus. Sometime Before 1485, by Isabella and Ferdinand in April 1492
MOMENTOUS DECISIONS Columbus and the colonisation of the New World Decisions that eventually led to the colonisation of The New World • Who? Christopher Columbus, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. • When? By Columbus. sometime before 1485, by Isabella and Ferdinand in April 1492. • Where? In the Alcázar castle, Córdoba. Seeking a sea-road to Asia • Why? • To find a new Route to China and Japan. • The Silk Road had become too dangerous so a new sea route, was needed. Silk Road closed • With the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, the land route to Asia became much more difficult and dangerous. • Portuguese navigators tried to find a sea-way to Asia. Columbus was not the first to suggest sailing westward • In 1470, the Florentine astronomer Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli suggested to King Alfonso V of Portugal that sailing west would be a quicker way to reach the Spice Islands (East Indies), Cathay (China) and Cipangu (Japan) than finding a way around Africa. • Alfonso rejected his proposal. Inspired by a legend? • As a young seaman, Columbus travelled extensively on the maritime trade routes in the Mediterranean Sea and possibly to Iceland. • Some historians suggest that while there he heard about Leif Erikson. • There are myths that the Viking established a colony, called Vinland, on the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, 500years earlier. • Statue of Leif near the Minnesota State Capitol in St. Paul. Approach to King João of Portugal • In 1485, Columbus presented his plans to João(John) II, King of Portugal. • He proposed that the king equip three sturdy ships and grant Columbus one year's time to sail out into the Atlantic, search for a western route to the Orient, and return. -
Comparing and Contrasting Views of Christopher Columbus, European Explorers and Native Americans
I. Reaction Paper Assignment Comparing and contrasting views of Christopher Columbus, European Explorers and Native Americans. o Columbus, the Indians and Human Progress. Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (2003), Chapter 1. o The Age of European Discovery. Schweikart and Allen, A Patriot’s History of the United States (2004), Chapter 1 What do you know about Columbus? Odds are, your ideas may not reflect the latest in historical research, or may be incomplete. (With thanks to Professor McKay.) In any discussion of the value of history, it's important to include this important objective: "to build that bridge that links past and present history together." History informs the present, helps us to put order into the chaos going on around us, and to recognize that people who have come before us experienced and overcame many of the same challenges we are experiencing today. Today we have a particularly pressing need to understand war. Before 9/11, few students had an interest in war. But now there seems to be a pervasive need to understand what causes war, what effects war has on society, what can be done to avoid war, or what can be used to justify our current foreign policy. That students are interested in this topic shows that our present needs determine, in fact dictate, what we consider to be important in the past. And the needs of society at a given time play an important role in how historians interpret the past. During the 1950's, when the Cold War was just beginning, we as a society had the need to prove how superior our democratic institutions were to the Soviet's. -
Letter of Christopher Columbus to Luis De St. Angel on His First Voyage To
National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox American Beginnings: The European Presence in North America, 1492-1690 Library of Congress P. Forlani, Vniversale descrittione di tvtta la terra conoscivta fin qvi, world map, Venice: 1565, detail with approximate route of Columbus’s first voyage added “the glorious success that our Lord has given me in my voyage”* LETTER OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON HIS FIRST VOYAGE TO AMERICA, 1492 Written in 1493, to the Treasurer of Aragon, Luis de St. Angel, who had provided Castile Taíno Indians his settlement La Navidad on the north coast of present-day Haiti SIR: S I know you will be rejoiced at the glorious success that our Lord has given me in my voyage, I A write this to tell you how in thirty-three days I sailed to the Indies with the fleet that the illustrious King and Queen, our Sovereigns, gave me, where I discovered a great many islands inhabited by numberless people; and of all I have taken possession for their Highnesses by proclamation and display of the Royal Standard [Spanish flag] without opposition. To the first island I discovered I gave the name of San Salvador in commemoration of His Divine Majesty, who has wonderfully granted all this. The Indians call it Guanaham.1 The second I named the Island of Santa Maria de Concepcion; the third, Fernandina; the fourth, Isabella; the fifth, Juana; and thus to each one I gave a new name.2 When I came to Juana, I followed the coast of that isle toward the west and found it so extensive that I thought it might be the mainland, the province of Cathay -
Recent Publications 1984 — 2017 Issues 1 — 100
RECENT PUBLICATIONS 1984 — 2017 ISSUES 1 — 100 Recent Publications is a compendium of books and articles on cartography and cartographic subjects that is included in almost every issue of The Portolan. It was compiled by the dedi- cated work of Eric Wolf from 1984-2007 and Joel Kovarsky from 2007-2017. The worldwide cartographic community thanks them greatly. Recent Publications is a resource for anyone interested in the subject matter. Given the dates of original publication, some of the materi- als cited may or may not be currently available. The information provided in this document starts with Portolan issue number 100 and pro- gresses to issue number 1 (in backwards order of publication, i.e. most recent first). To search for a name or a topic or a specific issue, type Ctrl-F for a Windows based device (Command-F for an Apple based device) which will open a small window. Then type in your search query. For a specific issue, type in the symbol # before the number, and for issues 1— 9, insert a zero before the digit. For a specific year, instead of typing in that year, type in a Portolan issue in that year (a more efficient approach). The next page provides a listing of the Portolan issues and their dates of publication. PORTOLAN ISSUE NUMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS DATES Issue # Publication Date Issue # Publication Date 100 Winter 2017 050 Spring 2001 099 Fall 2017 049 Winter 2000-2001 098 Spring 2017 048 Fall 2000 097 Winter 2016 047 Srping 2000 096 Fall 2016 046 Winter 1999-2000 095 Spring 2016 045 Fall 1999 094 Winter 2015 044 Spring -
The LEGACY of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the AMERICAS New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire
The LEGACY of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the AMERICAS New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire Elise Bartosik-Vélez The Legacy of Christopher Columbus in the Americas The LEGACY of CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS in the AMERICAS New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire Elise Bartosik-Vélez Vanderbilt University Press NASHVILLE © 2014 by Vanderbilt University Press Nashville, Tennessee 37235 All rights reserved First printing 2014 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Manufactured in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on file LC control number 2013007832 LC classification number e112 .b294 2014 Dewey class number 970.01/5 isbn 978-0-8265-1953-5 (cloth) isbn 978-0-8265-1955-9 (ebook) For Bryan, Sam, and Sally Contents Acknowledgments ................................. ix Introduction .......................................1 chapter 1 Columbus’s Appropriation of Imperial Discourse ............................ 15 chapter 2 The Incorporation of Columbus into the Story of Western Empire ................. 44 chapter 3 Columbus and the Republican Empire of the United States ............................. 66 chapter 4 Colombia: Discourses of Empire in Spanish America ............................ 106 Conclusion: The Meaning of Empire in Nationalist Discourses of the United States and Spanish America ........................... 145 Notes ........................................... 153 Works Cited ..................................... 179 Index ........................................... 195 Acknowledgments any people helped me as I wrote this book. Michael Palencia-Roth has been an unfailing mentor and model of Methical, rigorous scholarship and human compassion. I am grate- ful for his generous help at many stages of writing this manu- script. I am also indebted to my friend Christopher Francese, of the Department of Classical Studies at Dickinson College, who has never hesitated to answer my queries about pretty much any- thing related to the classical world. -
Bartolomé De Las Casas, Soldiers of Fortune, And
HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Dissertation Submitted To The College of Arts and Sciences of the UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Theology By Damian Matthew Costello UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON Dayton, Ohio August 2013 HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew APPROVED BY: ____________________________ Dr. William L. Portier, Ph.D. Committee Chair ____________________________ Dr. Sandra Yocum, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Kelly S. Johnson, Ph.D. Committee Member ____________________________ Dr. Anthony B. Smith, Ph.D. Committee Member _____________________________ Dr. Roberto S. Goizueta, Ph.D. Committee Member ii ABSTRACT HONOR AND CARITAS: BARTOLOMÉ DE LAS CASAS, SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE, AND THE CONQUEST OF THE AMERICAS Name: Costello, Damian Matthew University of Dayton Advisor: Dr. William L. Portier This dissertation - a postcolonial re-examination of Bartolomé de las Casas, the 16th century Spanish priest often called “The Protector of the Indians” - is a conversation between three primary components: a biography of Las Casas, an interdisciplinary history of the conquest of the Americas and early Latin America, and an analysis of the Spanish debate over the morality of Spanish colonialism. The work adds two new theses to the scholarship of Las Casas: a reassessment of the process of Spanish expansion and the nature of Las Casas’s opposition to it. The first thesis challenges the dominant paradigm of 16th century Spanish colonialism, which tends to explain conquest as the result of perceived religious and racial difference; that is, Spanish conquistadors turned to military force as a means of imposing Spanish civilization and Christianity on heathen Indians. -
Columbus Reports on His First Voyage, 1493 Introduction
1 Columbus reports on his first voyage, 1493 Introduction On August 3, 1492, Columbus set sail from Spain to find an all-water route to Asia. On October 12, more than two months later, Columbus landed on an island in the Bahamas that he called San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani. For nearly five months, Columbus explored the Caribbean, particularly the islands of Juana (Cuba) and Hispaniola (San Domingo), before returning to Spain. He left thirty-nine men to build a settlement called La Navidad in present-day Haiti. He also kidnapped several Native Americans (between ten and twenty-five) to take back to Spain—only eight survived. Columbus brought back small amounts of gold as well as native birds and plants to show the richness of the continent he believed to be India. When Columbus arrived back in Spain on March 15, 1493, he immediately wrote a letter announcing his discoveries to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who had helped finance his trip. The letter was written in Spanish and sent to Rome, where it was printed in Latin by Stephan Plannck. Plannck mistakenly left Queen Isabella’s name out of the pamphlet’s introduction but quickly realized his error and reprinted the pamphlet a few days later. The copy shown here is the second, corrected edition of the pamphlet. The Latin printing of this letter announced the existence of the American continent throughout Europe. “I discovered many islands inhabited by numerous people. I took possession of all of them for our most fortunate King by making public proclamation and unfurling his standard, no one making any resistance,” Columbus wrote. -
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus 1) 5) http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/1492/columbus.html http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph +3a26479))+@field(COLLID+pga)) 2) 6) http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/1492/columbus.html http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph +3a06591))+@field(COLLID+pga)) 3) http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph 7) +3c03803))+@field(COLLID+pga)) http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph +3b49588))+@field(COLLID+pga)) 8) 4) http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- http://memory.loc.gov/cgi- bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph bin/query/r?pp/ils:@filreq(@field(NUMBER+@band(cph +3c05453))+@field(COLLID+pga)) +3a20793))+@field(COLLID+pga)) #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 Columbus' Coat of Arms #1 In Christopher Columbus, His Book of Privileges, 1502 Facsimile. London, 1893. Harisse Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division As a reward for his successful voyage of discovery, the Spanish sovereigns granted Columbus the right to a coat of arms. According to the blazon specified in letters patent dated May 20, 1493, Columbus was to bear in the first and the second quarters the royal charges of Castile and Léon -- the castle and the lion -- but with different tinctures or colors. In the third quarter would be islands in a wavy sea, and in the fourth, the customary arms of his family. The earliest graphic representation of Columbus' arms is found in his Book of Privileges and shows the significant modifications Columbus ordered by his own authority. -
European Voyages of Exploration: Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Empire
European Voyages of Exploration: Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Empire The Spanish Empire During the period from the late fifteenth through the seventeenth century, the Spanish empire expanded the extent of its power, influence, and wealth throughout the world. In particular the Spanish were responsible for exploring, conquering, and colonizing significant portions of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. The Spanish Empire, along with neighboring Portugal, launched the period known in European history as the Age of Discovery or the Age of Exploration. Compared to Portugal, Spain succeeded in establishing more permanent and complex settlements in the New World, largely through centralized colonial governments. During the Age of Discovery several other burgeoning European empires such as England and France followed the lead of the Spanish Crown and increasingly extended their power and influence throughout the New World. Starting in 1492, Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon largely spearheaded the Age of Exploration under the newly unified kingdom of Spain. Before 1492, the Canary Islands were Spain’s only substantial territorial possession outside of Europe. By the end of the first half of the sixteenth century the Spanish Empire controlled territories in Africa, the Caribbean, and significant portions of Central and South America. During the reign of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, Spain’s empire grew and developed exponentially, as overseas exploration and colonization became one of the most important priorities for the Crown. The Spanish monarchy had the financial and political freedom to devote their resources to oceanic voyages because of the relative peace in Europe during this period that resulted from several marriages between other European royal households.