A Selected Internet Guide to Culinary Trails

Dr. Hersch Jacobs Department of Geography Ted Rogers School of Hospitality and Tourism Management Ryerson University

November 2010

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Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction 2.0 Australia 3.0 Austria 4.0 Belgium 5.0 Canada 6.0 Chile 7.0 Croatia 8.0 Czech Republic 9.0 France 10.0 Germany 11.0 Great Britain 12.0 Italy 13.0 New Zealand 14.0 South Africa 15.0 Spain 16.0 United States

List of Tables

Table 1.1 Selected Culinary Tour Operators

Table 2.1 Seaford and Aquaculture Activities on the Eyre Peninsula

Table 16.1 Calendar of Events on the Urban Bourbon Trail

List of Figures

Figure 1.1 Fabulous Food Trails - Ireland

Figure 2.1 Butcher, Baker, Winemaker Trail Brochure Cover Figure 2.2 Butcher, Baker, Winemaker Trail Brochure Contents Figure 2.3 Butcher, Baker, Winemaker Trail Map Figure 2.4 The Para Wine Route Figure 2.5 Barossa Wine Route Figure 2.6 The Riverland Wine and Food Trail Figure 2.7 South Australia Riesling Trail Cover Figure 2.8 South Australia Riesling Trail Map

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Figure 2.9 Chapman River, Antechamber Bay, Kangaroo Island Figure 2.10 Tamar Valley Wine Route Figure 2.11 The Margaret River Figure 2.12 Margaret River North Figure 2.13 Margaret River Central Figure 2.14 Margaret River Figure 2.15 Margaret River South Figure 2.16 Margaret River Food Trail Figure 2.17 The Swan Valley Food and Wine Trail Figure 2.18 The Swan Valley Food and Wine Trail Signage Figure 2.19 South Burnett Wine and Gourmet Trail Map Figure 2.20 Location of the Hunter Valley Figure 2.21 Hunter Valley Main Wine Country Figure 2.22 Hunter Valley - Cessnock and Kurri Kurri Figure 2.23 Hunter Valley - Broke Fordwich, Singleton, The Upper Hunter, Denman , Jerrys Plains, Sandy Hollow, Muswellbrook Figure 2.24 The Hunter Region to Sydney Route

Figure 3.1 Styrian Wine Route Figure 3.2 Styrian Apple Route Figure 3.3 Styrian Wine Routes

Figure 4.1 My Gourmet Trail.of Brussels

Figure 5.1 Niagara Culinary Trail Figure 5.2 Ontario Craft Beer Route Figure 5.3 The Butter Tart Trail Figure 5.4 The Apple Route Figure 5.5 The Blue Mountains Apple Pie Trail Figure 5.6 Prince Edward County Taste Trail Figure 5.7 Maple in the County Events Figure 5.8 Stratford Chocolate Trail Figure 5.9 County Epicurean Trek Figure 5.10 Stratford Local Buy Fresh Figure 5.11 Simcoe County Farm Fresh Marketing Association Figure 5.12 Niagara Wine Route Figure 5.13 Toronto Wine Route Figure 5.14 Lake Erie North Shore and Pelee Island Wine Route Figure 5.15 Prince Edward County Wine Route Figure 5.16 The Icewine Trail Map Figure 5.17 La Route des Fromages Navigational Map Figure 5.18 The Quebec Cider Route Figure 5.19 Route des Cidres Signage Figure 5.20 Quebec Wine Route Figure 5.21 Charlevoix Gourmet Route Figure 5.22 La Route des Saveurs de Charlevoix

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Figure 5.23 Cheese, Cranberry and Gourmet Delight Drive Figure 5.24 Saguenay-lac-St. Jean Cheese Route Figure 5.25 The Okanagan Cultural Corridor Project Figure 5.26 The Okanagan Valley Wine Route Figure 5.27 The Cowichan Valley Wine Route Figure 5.28 PEI Flavours Culinary Trail Figure 5.29 Culinary Experiences and Suppliers Figure 5.30 Coastal Drives Figure 5.31 Culinary Guide to PEI Flavours

Figure 6.1 Colchagua Valley Wine Route

Figure 7.1 The Buje Olive Route Figure 7.2 The Porec Olive Route Figure 7.3 The Buzet Olive Route Figure 7.4 The Vodnjan Olive Route Figure 7.5 Olive Route Legend

Figure 8.1: South Bohemian Beer Route

Figure 9.1 La Route du Cidre de Cambrener Figure 9.2 Sur la route du Poiré

Figure 9.4 The Olive Tree Route

Figure 10.1 The German Wine Route

Figure 11.1 The Ice-cream Trail Figure 11.2 South East Food Trails Figure 11.3 South East England Wine Trail Figure 11.4 South East Seafood Trail Figure 11.5 The Ribble Valley Food Trail Figure 11.6 Gourmet Yorkshire Trail Figure 11.7 Herefordshire Cider Route Figure 11.8 Isle of Arran Taste Trail Figure 11.9 The Outer Hebrides Food Trail Figure 11.10 Scottish Cheese Trail Figure 11.11 Scottish Farm Shops Logo Figure 11.12 Scottish Farm Shops Figure 11.13 Flavours of Scotland Figure 11.14 Itinerary for Flavours of Scotland Figure 11.15 Dumfries & Galloway Food Trail Figure 11.16 The Seafood Trail Figure 11.17 Real Ale Trail Regions of Scotland Figure 11.18 Real Ale Trail Members Figure 11.19 The Whisky Coast

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Figure 11.20 Scotch Malt Whisky Trail

Figure 12.1 Via del Grande Fiume,Via delle Corti Estensi and Via del Delta Food Trails

Figure 13.1 North Canterbury Food and Wine Trail Figure 13.2 Hawke’s Bay Wine Company Food Trail

Figure 14.1 Wine Routes of South Africa Figure 14.2 Breedeckloof Wine Region

Figure 15.1 La Ruta de l’Oli Figure 15.2 Wine Regions of Spain Figure 15.3 Navarre Wine Route Figure 15.4 Rioja Alavesa Wine Route

Figure 16.1 Connecticut Food Trail Logo Figure 16.2 Connecticut Food Trail Interactive Map Figure 16.3 The Amazing Chile Cheeseburger Trail Figure 16.4 New Mexico’s Green Chile Cheeseburger Trail Figure 16.5 The Prairie Home Cooking Trail Figure 16.6 The Southern Gumbo Trail Figure 16.7 The Southern Boudin Trail Figure 16.8 The Southern BBQ Trail Figure 16.9 The Mississippi Delta Hot Tamale Trail Figure 16.10 The Urban Bourbon Passport Figure 16.11 Maine Beer Trail Members and Products Figure 16.12 Maine Beer Trail Route Figure 16.13 Interactive Map of Santa Barbara Wine Country Figure 16.14 Santa Barbara Wine Country Figure 16.15 Santa Maria and Los Alamos Valley Wine Trail Figure 16.16 Buelton & Sta. Rita Hills Figure 16.17 Los Alivos Promenade Figure 16.18 Santaq Ynez Wine Trail Figure 16.19 Solvang Wine Walk

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1.0 Introduction

Culinary tourism has become a recognized and significant segment of the travel market. An important strategy that numerous destination marketing organizations have employed to attract and hold visitors promote is the food and beverage trail, route or path.1 The product connects similar and complementary enterprises on maps that are distributed in traditional print formats and accessed on the internet. The growing functionality of personal devices further enhances their value, particularly for those who prefer narrative guidance and appreciate the ability to access supplemental information.2

The need for collaboration among potential destinations is most evident in rural areas. Where they tend to be widely dispersed, formal business linkages generate a necessary threshold of interest that justify the travel effort. In large urban places where the potential number of destinations is large, delineated routes enable visitors to navigate smoothly between stops.

The following survey samples culinary trails in sixteen countries. While the actual number that operates around the world cannot be easily calculated, clearly most viticultural regions have an established wine route. In addition, trails have also been established for other beverages such as beer and cider and increasingly public agencies, industry associations, non-profit groups, institutions and private tour operators have created those that feature locally grown or processed foods.

The discussion begins with an examination of commercial trail products before a review of those that have been established by leading public destination tourism organizations. Collectively, they reveal diverse approaches to content, promotional strategies and cartographic representation which can serve to inform choice in other jurisdictions with an interest in assessing or developing their own trails. This review avoids the large number of private companies that offer culinary and wine experiences that can be accessed through the internet. Rather, it focuses public agencies that have developed self-directed food and beverage trails, routes and itineraries that can be followed on maps that are available in print form or on the internet. Using examples from around the globe, it sets out to:

 provide insight into models of administration, including funding, and criteria for membership.  illustrate the range of cartographic devices in both paper and electronic formats  reveal decisions that have been made about the level of detail to include for each operators.  show what strategies have been employed to encourage linkages along the route.  describe signage that has been posted along roads to serve the needs of visitors for various modes of travel

1 According to The International Trail Data Standards, a trail is “a linear feature constructed for the purpose of allowing the free movement of people, stock, or Off Highway Vehicles.” ITDS, 2003 2 http://www.tourcaster.com/TourDetails.aspx?TourId=428 6

Corporate Operators

The demand for culinary experiences is evident in the growth of the number of commercial food and beverage trails. Typically, they are led by food writers, experts who have been trained in culinary schools and other food service industry guides. Useful links for travelers in search of food, cooking and wine tours can be found in The Food Reference Website.3 Examples of prominent culinary trails, vacations and cooking classes that are available from private tour operators are shown in Table 1. 1.

Table 1.1: A Sample of Private Sector Culinary Trail Products

Tour Company Country Website A Question of Taste Seville, Spain http://www.aqot.com/ Active Gourmet France, Italy, http://www.activegourmetholidays.com/

Holidays Portugal, Spain Australian Food & Cairns, Australia http://www.findseedo.com/spfoodandwine.html Wine Tours Chocolate Lovers Belgium [email protected] Tours, Gourmet Tours Creative Culinary VT, ME, NH, NY, http://www.creativeculinarytours.com Tours RI, TN, USA

Culinary Discoveries Spain www.culinarydiscoveries.com

Culinary Tours Italy, Thailand, www.culinarytours.net New Zealand, Chile, Argentina, Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, France and Spain

Culinary Tours California www.thewinecomesfirst.com Discover Friuli - Italy http://www.discoverfriuli.com/eng/index.html Epiculinary Inc France, Italy, www.epiculinary.com Spain, Mexico, USA, Ireland, Morocco, Greece, Peru, Vietnam and Thailand Epicurean Ways Spain epicureanways.com Fabulous Food Trails Ireland www.fabfoodtrails.com. Fontana del Papa - Italy http://www.fontanadelpapa.it/ Food & Wine Trails CA, USA; Austria www.foodandwinetrails.com/?

French Wine Explorers France www.wine-tours-france.com

3 http://www.foodreference.com/html/culinary-tours-gourmet-tours.html 7

Gastronomicom France http://www.gastronomicom.fr/cadre.asp Good Food Kangaroo Australia www.goodfoodkangarooisland.com Good Tastes of Italy http://www.tuscany-cooking-class.com/ Tuscany

Gourmet Getaways www.gourmetgetaways.net

Gourmet Safari Inc Italy, France, Spain www.gourmetsafari.com and Morocco. Headwater Global www.headwater.com

Horizon & Co Global www.horizon-co.com

I Viaggi di Kipling Italy http://www.iviaggidikipling.com/

iExplore Inc Global www.iexplore.com Makansutra Singapore www.makansutra.com/index.php Maria’s Cookery Italy http://www.mariascookerycourse.com/site-map.htm Course New Orleans Culinary LA, USA http://www.noculinarytours.com/ History Tours

O’Sole Mio Tours Italy http://www.osolemiotour.com/tours.htm Okanagan Wine Canada http://www.okwinetours.com/

Country Tours Oldways Culinary Italy, Barcelona, [email protected]

Journeys Spain Paris Culinary France http://www.yourgreatdaysinparis.com/culinary_tour.cfm Treasures Tours, Tea..Chocolate.Paris Tours -

Reggio Lingua Italy http://www.reggiolingua.it/

Savory Sojourns New York City www.savorysojourns.com Scandinavian Culinary Scandinavia www.scandinavianculinarytours.com

Tours

Tasting Places Italy, UK, www.tastingplaces.com Thailand, France, Greece, Spain Tour Kangaroo Island Australia www.tourkangarooisland.com Tourcaster USA, Italy, France, www.tourcaster.com/ Spain, Australia, Cambodia, South Africa

Tuscan Way Italy www.tuscanway.com

Vagabond Gourmet Mexico, USA, www.vagabondgourmet.com France, Italy, UK, Spain, Central Europe, South America and New Zealand

The opportunity to explore the culinary landscapes of major urban regions is provided by firms that offer visitors a wide range of themes and experiences. Londoner Celia Brooks Brown is a cookbook author and television personality who operates Gastrotours that offers various dining and tasting packages in Notting Hill, Borough Market and Marylebone Village.4 There is a

4 http://www.celiabrooksbrown.com/gastrotours.php 8

London Chocolate Trail that connects with complementary activities around Britain.5 Fabulous Food Trails of Ireland holds cooking days that feature such topics as Thai6, Japanese7, Indian8 and Chocolate9 Days and has developed five trails throughout the country, including a 2½ hour guided Dublin Walking Tour (Figure 1.1). Combining culture and history, it offers the opportunity to discover hidden tastes and “be a local for the morning,” to meet cheesemongers, fishmongers, butchers and bakers who have traded on one spot for generations and who have introduced new products that reflect the modern Irish table.”10

5 http://www.holidaycityflash.com/article/britain_food&drink.htm 6 http://www.fabulousfoodtrails.ie/fab_trail_asian.asp 7 http://www.fabulousfoodtrails.ie/fab_trail_sushi.asp 8 http://www.fabulousfoodtrails.ie/fab_trail_indian.asp 9 http://www.fabulousfoodtrails.ie/fab_trail_choc.asp 10 http://www.fabfoodtrails.com/fab_trail_walk.asp 9

Figure 1.1: Fabulous Food Trails – Ireland

Cooking

Days...

Thai Day Dublin Tasting Trail Japanese Day Cultural tasting walks in Dublin

Indian Day 'Packed with enough information - and enough food - Chocolate to satisfy even the fussiest foodie' Day The Dubliner

Taste the food and culture of Dublin. Food

Trails... - - - Dublin The best food and cultural off-the-beaten-track Walking experience to be had in Dublin offering the Tour opportunity to discover hidden tastes and be a local for the morning! East/North

Cork Fabulous Food Trails have come up with a new Galway & and exciting tasting and cultural walk around Connemara the lesser known parts of Dublin - a terrific South East introduction to a lively but largely ignored part of the city. Wicklow

Soak in the history and culture; enjoy delicious foods in historic neighbourhoods within a stone's throw of the city centre. Meet the people whose family have traded in one spot for generations, and meet the people who have introduced new products to us reflecting the modern Irish table.

No need for lunch after this walk, tastings are frequent and generous!

Our walk takes a gentle 2 ½ hours, and is led by an experienced and knowledgeable guide with a food background. Along the way we point out good places for lunch or dinner, for a

cup of coffee or a pint, or indeed anything else you might like to know.

We visit food halls, fruit and flower stalls,

cheesemongers, fishmongers, butchers and bakers and lots more besides.

To keep it fun and personal, numbers are small.

Dublin Walk Trail Dates Time: 10 am Day: Friday mornings Durations: 2 ½ hours Cost: €45 Frequency: weekly

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The Makansutra Company in Singapore has developed a "mainstream" and "off the beaten track" four-hour food safaris through the neighborhoods of Little India, Chinatown, Geylang Serai and Katong. 11 In addition to a midnight tour several self-guided tours have also been organized. Participants can listen to a local FM station and download podcasts of individual episodes that describe the local foods.12

Info Hub is a specialty travel site that has compiled a list of thirty-three Australian wine and food tours.13 Information is provided about their itineraries, themes, when they operate, their duration and price.

Numerous culinary tours are available throughout American Cities. Culinary Tours of Charleston runs a Savour the Flavors Tour of Downtown Charleston and a Chef’s Kitchen Tour of Charleston.14 On the west coast, the Wok Wiz Daily Tour in San Francisco explores the history, folklore, culture and food of America's largest Chinatown. There are visits to a Taoist and Buddhist temple, a Chinese teashop, neighbourhood markets and Chinese herbal shops. A luncheon is provided at the end of the tour.15 Visitors to San Francisco can also take various Local Tastes of the City Tours which offers excursions to Chinatown, Fisherman’s Wharf, Golden Gate Park, North Beach/Little Italy and Haight-Ashbury.16 In Portland Oregon, Portland Walking Tours incorporates food throughout its tour programmes, but those with particular culinary interests can take the Epicurean Excursion to the Pearl District.17 Visitors to Seattle can purchase tickets from Seattle Food Tours for 2 ½ hour walks through Pike Place and Belltown to learn about history and culture and to taste foods of the city and region.18

In Boston, the North End Market Tour features the history, ethnic heritage and authentic Italian food of “Little Italy.” Participants are led to shops where fine Italian ingredients can be tasted and purchased while they learn about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet.19 Ahla Tours of Boston offers a Jewish Cuisine Tour that features visits with Brookline purveyors and accounts of the area’s Jewish heritage over 4 ½ hours. A walking tour called From Russia with Love features the food and drinks of that country. Another Brookline Highlights tour takes participants to various neighbourhoods and cultural attractions of the city.20 Several guided gastronomic tours are also available through Boston University.21 Visits to grocery stores, cheese, shops, bakeries and wine shops have been organized on another North End Stroll in this historic Italian enclave. There is a walking tour of Boston’s Latin Quarter in the Hyde Park neighbourhood of Jamaica Plain. Getting Your Hands Dirty at Westport Rivers involves a day with the owners at Westport Rivers Vineyard & Winery who host a lunch that features the pairing with local foods. A Walking Tour of Providence’s Federal Hill visits traditional and modern bakeries, an Italian wine shop, butchers and poultry and specialty food markets. Finally,

11 http://www.makansutra.com/foodtours.html 12 http://www.makansutra.com/foodcast.html#episodes 13 http://www.infohub.com/travel_packages/food_wine_australia_106.html 14 http://www.zerve.com/CulinaryTour 15 http://www.zerve.com/WokWiz/Daily 16 http://www.localtastesofthecitytours.com; 17 http://www.portlandwalkingtours.com/tours/epicurean_excursion.php 18 http://www.seattlefoodtours.com 19 http://www.zerve.com/MicheleTopor/NEMT3 20 http://www.brooklinetour.com/component/option,com_frontpage/Itemid,1/ 21 http://www.bu.edu/foodandwine/tours/index.html 11 the university sponsors a Walking Tour of Chinatown to experience exotic ingredients and prepared foods, to shop for cooking utensils and enjoy dim sum.22

The Chicago Office of Tourism operates the Taste of the Neighbourhoods Tour, a bus excursion to several communities to sample some of the city's ethnic restaurants, bakeries, and delis.23 Ethnic Grocery Store Tours in Chicago provides customized automobile excursions that are designed to explain the properties and cultural histories of various foods.24 Chicago Food Planet arranges several walking tours that are designed to “tease your taste buds and entice your mind with the sights, flavours, and way of life in Chicago.”25 The Near North Chicago Food Tasting and Cultural Walking Tour starts in the heart of Downtown and explores of Gold Coast, Old Town, and Lincoln Park neighbourhoods. The guided, narrated walking tour explores the Chicago's rich history and architecture while sampling a wide variety of foods. The French Quarter Culinary Tasting Tour in New Orleans is a walking and tasting tour that describes the 26 history of the city and the origin of its unique Creole and Cajun cuisine. The City Food Tours Company instructs visitors to Philadelphia: “Don’t just see the city…TASTE it!”27 Participants meet local chefs and food experts, sample and become educated about foods through several 2- 2 ½ hour tours. Center City Food Lovers Adventure includes artisanal and hand-crafted foods such as farmstead cheeses, hand-made chocolates and exotic loose-leaf teas. The Evening Wine, Chocolate & Tea Experience has been specifically designed for people with disabilities who are interested in sampling and learning about quality teas, chocolates and wines. The Artisanal Beer, Cheese, and Prosciutto Tasting involves a tasting of eight craft beers, of fine cheese and of prosciutto and chorizo sausages and explains how they are made. There is also a 4th of July Red, White & Blue Tour, a Charcuterie, Olive Oil and Fine Wine Tour,28 and Valentine’s Aphrodisiac Guided Tastings.29 Another option in Philadelphia is a Taste of Philadelphia Tour to the indoor Reading Terminal Market which provides an opportunity to sample the many foods that have become associated with the city, including cheese steaks, hoagies, soft pretzels and scrapple.30

Matthew Grey Gourmet Adventures operates a Hawaiian Feast in Paradise Tour, a Gourmet Trilogy Tour and a Hole-in-the-Wall Tour that includes transportation and stops at four ethnic restaurants.31

Visitors to New York City have access to several tour operators that feature the city’s particularly diverse foods. The Epiculinary Tour Company offers 50 culinary vacations packages in New York in addition to various destinations throughout the United States and Europe.

22 http://www.bu.edu/foodandwine/tours/index.html 23http:// www.chicagoneighborhoodtours.com 24 http://www.ethnic-grocery-tours.com 25 http://www.zerve.com/ChicagoFoods/CFTour 26 http://www.zerve.com/Culinary/Tour1030 27 http://www.cityfoodtours.com/philadelphia-food-tours.cfm 28 http://www.zerve.com/CityFoods/PhlWine 29 http://www.zerve.com/CityFoods/PhlVal 30 http://www.readingterminalmarket.org/calendar.php 31 http://www.hawaiifoodtours.com/ 12

Famous Fat Dave operates tours of the city’s five boroughs out of his taxi cab. Tourists can choose a general eating tour or choose a theme such as the "Midnight Munchies Cruise" or "Real Little Italy."32 For those with a specific interest in pizza, Scott’s Pizza tours offer a NYC Pizza Bus and a walking tour to explain the “intricacies of pizza history and culture” and to taste the product at some of the city’s premier parlours.33 The Enthusiastic Gourmet features the ethnic flavour and culture of the Lower East Side, Chinatown and Little Italy.34 The walking tour provides the opportunity to taste the foods that are sold in the shops that are located in these neighbourhoods.

The Harlem Spirituals Gospels & Jazz Tours explores Harlem's diverse ethnic history and contribution to music through a five hour tour that includes a jazz show and a meal at a club. 35

City Food Tours invites visitors to enjoy “The delicious way to savour the city.”36 Regularly scheduled public walking tours provide an opportunity to meet culinary experts and taste a wide variety of artisanal foods and beverages. Options include A Chocolate, Desserts & Wine Tour of the Upper West Side and The Lower East Side Artisan Food Highlights Tour which features iconic food establishments and the opportunity to learn about the immigrant experience. NoLIta: Eat A Bite of Ethnic New York takes visitors to a quaint area of interesting architecture between Little Italy, Chinatown and SoHo where participants can sample, a wide variety of ethnic foods, cheese cake, authentic Italian Cookies & Pastries, gelato, pastries, hand- made candy and fresh cheeses.37

The Foods of New York Company runs food tasting and cultural walking tours throughout the city’s historic neighbourhoods.38 The experience includes visits to specialty food shops, neighbourhood and ethnic restaurants and the opportunity to sample foods. Options include a 3 ½ hour Greenwich Village Food Tasting and Cultural Tour,39 a Chelsea Market / Meatpacking Dist Food Tasting Tour, a Central Village/SoHo Food and Culture Tour and a Chinatown Walking Tour and Sit-Down Experience. The Company’s comprehensive website contains information for each about pricing, scheduling, details about the kinds of foods that will be tasted and customer reviews.

The Slice of Brooklyn Pizza Tour offers a full sit-down meal at the beginning and at the end of the tour. 40 In between, participants are taken in a vehicle and shown movie clips of Brooklyn where various scenes along the route were shot. New York Chocolate Tours runs the New Cuisine Chocolate Tour and a Luxury Chocolate Tour.41 NoshWalks mounts various ethnic tours, including Turkish, Russian and Chinese tours.42 A final New York example is the package

32 http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10638972 33 http://www.scottspizzatours.com/p/tourdescriptions/w/bybus/ 34 http://www.enthusiasticgourmet.com/ 35 http://www.nyc.com/guided_tours/soul_food_and_jazz.76231/editorial_review.aspx 36 http://www.cityfoodtours.com/ 37 http://www.cityfoodtours.com/new-york-food-tours.cfm 38 http://www.foodsofny.com/ 39 http://www.zerve.com/FoodTours/GVTour 40 http://www.bknypizza.com 41 http://www.sweetwalks.com 42 http://www.noshwalks.com 13 of tours that the New York Institute of Culinary Education offers. One takes place in a single restaurant, while others are run by accomplished food writers and culinary historians who explore ethnic enclaves.

Several companies specialize in rural culinary experiences throughout the United States. American Table Culinary Tours offers “edible expeditions” and Rural Bounty organizes agriculturally based locations across the country.43

Although fewer privately operated culinary tours operate in Canada, a 2½ hour tour in Toronto’s St. Lawrence Market Food and History Walking Tour includes a visit to the market gallery and food samplings.44 There is a Toronto Food and Culture Tour called Heaven, Earth & Enchantments of the Chinese Zodiac that involves a weekend package based at the Sutton Place Hotel and visits to Chinatown. Tim Finlason runs the Shop Dine Tour Toronto that offers shopping and dining packages throughout Toronto and guided or self-guided tours on jump-on, jump-off yellow double-decker buses. Finally, Shirley Lum operates "Taste of the World" Tours through neighbourhood Bicycle Tours & Walks Inc.45 There is also the full day Old Toronto Beer Tour whose activities include tutored beer tastings, visits to a brewery, a tavern, malting silos, the Distillery District and Corktown.46

Prince Edward County Wine and Culinary Tours offers van, mini-coach or bicycle packages.47 Taste the County Wine and Culinary Experience includes private tastings at boutique wineries and a producer and a visit to the 100 year-old Black River Cheese Company. The Wine and Culinary Adventure in Prince Edward County Tour includes a tasting at one winery, visits to old barns and houses and a three course lunch that features regional cuisine. An Afternoon Island and Wine Tasting Adventure involves a visit to three wineries. Based at Huff Estates, the Luxurious Winery Inn Accommodation and Gourmet Wine and Dinner Tour arranges for tastings at local wineries and dinner at Harvest Restaurant.

Visites de Montreal uses the expression, “Montreal ... deliciously yours” to promote culintary tours.48 The Flavourful Montreal tour includes tastings in Chinatown, the Plateau Mont-Royale and Little Italy, while Follow that Chocolate takes visitors to several chocolate factories in the Latin Quarter, Old Montreal, Plateau Mont-Royal and the Mile End neighbourhood. Other options include a progressive meal where each course is enjoyed at a different restaurant, a multicultural feast at restaurants which offer different ethnic cuisines and a tour that features type Montreal and Quebecoise fare such as caribou and smoked meat, ending with samplings at a microbrewery.

43http:// www.ruralbounty.com 44 http://www.stlawrencemarket.com/tours.html 45 email: [email protected] 46 http://www.beerloverstour.com/toronto.html 47 http://www.pecwinetours.com/van.html 48 http://www..visitesdemontreal.com 14

2.0 Australia

As a global leader in culinary tourism, numerous food and beverage trails have been established throughout Australia. For example, formal trails have been developed for each of the twelve regions of South Australia (Figure 2.1).49 The Butcher, Baker Winemaker Trail, the first of its kind established in South Australia, connects local wineries, dining venues and that rely on products made with traditional methods and ingredients (Figure 2.2). Visitors can find retailers and artisans in the 2008 Butcher, Baker, Winemaker trail brochure50and trail map or join various specialist tours (Figure 2.3).

Figure 2.1: Butcher, Baker, Winemaker Trail Brochure Cover

49 Adelaide, Adelaide Hills, Barossa, Clare Valley, Erye Peninsula, Flieurieu, Flinders Ranges & Outback, Kangaroo Island, Limestone Coast, Murrylands, Riverland and Yorke Peninsula 50 http://www.southaustralia.com/Butcher_Baker_Winemaker_Trail_brochure.pdf 15

Figure 2.2: Butcher, Baker, Winemaker Trail Brochure Contents

16

Figure 2.3: Butcher, Baker, Winemaker Trail Map

The Barossa Valley, renowned for its wines, promotes an image that it is the only true regional cuisine in Australia with three food trails. 51 The Para Road Wine Path has been created to lead hikers through vineyards along the Para River where wines and complimentary tastings are available from long-established cellar doors (Figure 2.4).52

51 http://www.southaustralia.com/BarossaFoodTrails.aspx 52 http://www.southaustralia.com/Para_Rd_Wine_Path_Brochure.pdf 17

Figure 2.4: The Para Wine Route

18

Visitors can also follow the Barossa Cheese and Wine Trail that consists of six routes, each of which includes five wineries. Typically, visitors arrive at the cellar door with a Barossa-branded cooler bag that is equipped with a cheese knife, a small cheeseboard made from old oak barrels, four locally made cheeses, crackers and a trail map (Figure 2.5).53

Figure 2.5: Barossa Wine Route

53 http://www.southaustralia.com/Barossa_CheeseTrail_map.pdf 19

Value can also be added through the purchase of a Trail card by phone or purchased or at information centres. For AUD65, AUD200.00 worth of food, wines and experiences can be purchased. For example, visitors can collect a hamper which contains a four course taste of the Barossa and then select one of three suggested touring routes to visit participating wineries where each course is matched to a specific wine for tasting.

The Riverland Wine and Food Trail in South Australia distinguishes wineries that use classic from those which favour new grape varieties. Travelers enjoy taste experiences at produce stalls, factory outlets and farmers markets (Figure 2.6).54

Figure 2.6: The Riverland Wine and Food Trail

The largest trail within Southern Australia is the Clare Valley Riesling Trail, which is also one of the first rail-trails to have been developed in the country. Named after the Riesling grape, the trail runs past wineries for 25 km along the Riverton to Spalding.

The Seafood and Aquaculture Trail on the Eyre Peninsula, which produces 60% of the region’s food, caters to travellers who are interested in understanding the link between ocean habitat and

54 http://www.southaustralia.com/Riverland_WINE_MAP.pdf 20 plate.55 An interactive map shows the locations of seven operators on Table 2.1 who provide organized tours.56

Table 2.1: Seaford and Aquaculture Activities on the Eyre Peninsula

Tour Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Admission Stuart High 10.00am 10.00am 10.00am 10.00am 10.00am child $5.00 - School adult $10.00 Murray Cod family $20.00 Aqa 2.00pm 2.00pm 2.00pm 2.00pm 2.00pm $7.00 Oysters Fresh Fish 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am $5.00 - Place $12.00 Triple Bay daily services available by appointment - weather permitting $30.00 - Aquaculture $50.00 Tours Marina 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am $17.00 - Boat 3.00pm 3.00pm 3.00pm 3.00pm 3.00pm 3.00pm 3.00pm $26.00 Cruises Evans 11.30am 11.30am $8.00 - Oyster Shed $16.00 Bill's 10.30am 10.30am 10.30am $5.00 - Seafood $10.00

A rewards card can be purchased to receive discounts and earn points towards accommodations, attractions and tours.

The Clare Valley Riesling Trail offers 25 km of accessible walking, wheelchair and cycling paths through countryside and vineyards. A brochure (Figure 2.7) describes restaurants, cafés, and cellars doors that are shown on a detailed map (Figure 2.8).57

55 http://www.southaustralia.com/SeafoodAquacultureTrail.aspx 56 http://www.seafoodtrail.com/tours.htm

57http://www.southaustralia.com/Riesling_Trail_Brochure.pdf

21

Figure 2.7: South Australia Riesling Trail Cover

Figure XX:

22

Figure 2.8: South Australia Riesling Trail Map

Kangaroo Island is South Australia’s newest wine region. In 2008, 30 growers planted vines on 200 hectares. A temperature climate allows a long, slow ripening of the grapes that yield wines with strong varietal fruit flavours and intense colours.58 The region emphasizes the pristine qualities of its natural environment in its promotion of culinary tourism. Food and wine tastings and production demonstrations can be found along a route shown on Figure 2.9. Most producers

58 http://www.goodfoodkangarooisland.com/ 23 have retained small-scale operations ensure the quality of products that consist mainly of regional cheeses and yoghurts to olive oil and native jams. The island is also renowned for its honey, produced from pure strain Ligurian bees, and free-range chickens and eggs. Local seafood is promoted along with natural and farmed produce from oysters, prawns and crayfish to whiting, barramundi, snapper and freshwater marron.

Figure 2.9: Chapman River, Antechamber Bay, Kangaroo Island

The most south region of Australia, Tasmania, grows cold climate wines in the Tamar Valley. A brochure and map lead visitors along a signed 58 km scenic wine route between Lauceston and Bass Straight (Figure 2.10).59 A strong emphasis is placed on the landscape and human historyof the region. Naturalists can enjoy penguins, seals and platypus and the great variety of water birds congregate at the Tamar Island Wetland, while those who are interested in settlement can learn about gold mining, visit heritage homes and learn about the maritime history of the region.

59 http://www.discovertasmania.com/itineraries/tamar_valley_wine_route

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Figure 2.10: Tamar Valley Wine Route

1. 7.

2. 8.

9.

3. 10.

4.

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Margaret River is both one of the newest and the largest wine regions of Australia (Figure 2.11 – 2.15).60 Plantings began as recently as 1967 and the 2500 ha of vineyards still represent only a small part of an area that extends 120km from north to south and 30km west to east. While growing only three per cent of the nation’s grapes, notably chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon, region nevertheless accounts for over 20 per cent of premium wine production of the country.

Figure 2.11: The Margaret River

60 http://www.margaret-river-online.com.au/winesnew/index.html

26

Over 90 vineyards sell to the public and offer tastings at the cellar door. The Margaret River Wines Online website contains maps for the North, Central, Margaret River and South districts. The interactive website allows users to search for a winery and to select and download products in PDF format that include among others Vintage Wine Tours, Lifestyle Margaret River, Village Golf & Wine Tours, Taste the South, Cape to Cape Wine Tours,

Figure 2.12: Margaret River North

Figure 2.13: Margaret River Central

27

Figure 2.14: Margaret River

Figure 2.15: Margaret River South

28

The Margaret River Food Trail has been created to capitalize on the long-established connection between fine food and the premium wines for which the region has become noted.61 Success has led in growing demand for high quality fresh fruits, vegetables and exotic meats such as ostrich and venison. Even olives are now grown because of the Mediterranean climate of the area. The Trail is an online resource that offers hyperlinks to restaurants, cafés, gourmet shops, farm gates, local produce, markets, takeaways, breweries, chefs and catering and cooking schools (Figure 2.16).62 Information is provided about participating operations, contact information and maps of their locations (Figure 2.14). A pdf file can be downloaded that can be used as a guide for visitors.63

Figure 2.16: Margaret River Food Trail

61 http://www.margaret-river-online.com.au/foodtrail/intro.htm 62 http://www.margaret-river-online.com.au/foodtrail/rests.htm 63 http://www.margaret-river-online.com.au/foodtrail/intro.htm 29

The Swan Valley Food and Wine Trail is located in the City of Swan, a rural suburb of Perth,. Although the oldest wine region in Western Australia, a wine trail has been recently established to attract visitors to what is often described as the most remote urban place in the world (Figure 2.17). A well-designed map and brochure and clear road signage leads visitors to numerous wineries, eateries, restaurants, artisanal producers and farmers (Figure 2.18).64

Figure 2.17: The Swan Valley Food and Wine Trail

64 Sharon O’Reilly, Case Study: Swan Valley Food and Wine Trail, 2005 Australian Wine and Tourism Conference, Adelaide, http://www.wfa.org.au/PDF/Sharon%20O'Reilly.pdf 30

Figure 2.18: The Swan Valley Food and Wine Trail Signage

The South Burnett Wine Industry Association has produced a Wine Trail Guide to attract visitors to this region lies in the state of Queensland that lies about two and a half hours northwest of Brisbane and one and half hours from the Sunshine Coast (Figure 2.19). With the invitation to Uncork the Magic, visitors can sample local wines at the 13 established cellar doors. The guide is available through the internet or can be obtained at visitor information centres and local retail outlets.65

Figure 2.19: South Burnett Wine and Gourmet Trail Map

65 http://www.southburnettwine.com.au/ 31

T

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The Hunter Valley in the state of New South Wales is one of the oldest and the most widely recognized wine producing regions in Australia, dating back to the first European settlement during the 1700s.66 About 250 km of Sydney, it has become a thriving tourist destination that features state of the art wineries in terms of both wine making practices and the buildings where they can be appreciated (Figure 2.17). Despite rapid growth, the Hunter Valley has managed to preserve a great deal of its rural and idiosyncratic character.67 The Hunter Valley Wine Country website provides maps and comprehensive information about wineries, local foods, accommodation, events and travel products.68 A small-scale maps shows the general location of the Hunter Valley in Australia while detailed maps are provided for the Main Wine Country, Cessnock and Kurri Kurri, and Broke Fordwich, Singleton & Upper Hunter (Figures 2.20 – 2.23). A map of the Hunter Region to Sydney is also available (Figure 2.24).69 A Gourmet Outing is the name of the trail in the Hunter Valley that has been created for culinary enthusiasts. Described as a trail for the ultimate foodie, visitors can sample and purchase locally produced gourmet foods, olives, cheeses, condiments and ice cream.70

Figure 2.20: Location of the Hunter Valley

66 http://www.winecountry.com.au/Content/?ids=Maps 67 http://www.huntervalleyeguide.com/ 68 http://www.winecountry.com.au/ 69 http://www.huntervalleyeguide.com/ 70 http://www.winecountry.com.au/content/?ids=WCTrails 33

Figure 2.21: Hunter Valley Main Wine Country

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Figure 2.22: Hunter Valley - Cessnock and Kurri Kurri

Figure 2.23: Hunter Valley - Broke Fordwich, Singleton, The Upper Hunter, Denman ,Jerrys Plains, Sandy Hollow, Muswellbrook

35

Figure 2.24: The Hunter Region to Sydney Route

The state of Victoria has energetically promoted culinary tourism through various media. In 2006, the Department of Primary Industries sponsored a six-episode television series. Entitled the Food Trail, viewers were taken along on a tour of Victoria to discover the diversity, quality and abundance of food that is produced and processed in that state. The quality of food in the markets and restaurants of Melbourne place the city in the first tier of destinations for culinary tourists. Beyond the urban boundary, many are attracted to countryside where they can enjoy the Yarra Valley Regional Food Trail. A self-drive tour that was introduced in 1998 includes 100 epicurean outlets whose distinctive blue and orange road signs mark opportunities to purchase, and sometimes harvest crops, catch fish and sample artisanal products such as cheese, fruit and vegetable preparations, breads, handmade pastas, chocolates and ice cream.71

71 http://www.about-australia.com/travel-guides/victoria/yarra-valley-dandenongs/attractions/agriculture- produce/yarra-valley-regional-food-trail/ 36

Travellers with a particular interest in wine and cheese can purchase a card from Cheese & Wine Trails Australia that can be used in the Yarra Valley of Victoria, the Barossa Valley, McLaren Vale, the Clare Valley and Adelaide Hills in South Australia, and the Hunter Valley and Mudgee in New South Wales. 72 Valid for one year, participants receive a special pack that contains listings of available trails in each area, including the wineries, the cheese producers and information about each producer.

3.0 Austria

Numerous local and regional tourist boards in Austria promote the country’s culinary and agriculturally based routes. Several culinary routes have been developed in the region of Styria which surrounds the city of Graz. The region’s website provides information in several languages about activities that complement its website complementary outlines trips of various duration and facilitates reservation at local hotels.73 The Southern Styrian Wine Road is the nation’s oldest “theme trail” and while no specific map has been produced for it, a link to Google map is provided to outline the route (Figure 3.1).74

Figure 3.1: Styrian Wine Route

Opened in 1955, it runs for 25 km along eight wine roads, passing though villages from Ehrenhausen to Leutschach. The Styrian Apple Route, clearly marked by wooden signposts along the B54 trunk road, runs for the same distance through five towns.

72 http://www.cheeseandwinetrails.com.au/ 73http://www.steiermark.com/en/order_catalogue.asp?id=28,29,34,42,18,15,31,10,63,48,62,74,22&menuid=17200& channel=STG 74 http://www.austria.info 37

Figure 3.2: Styrian Apple Route

A smaller trail, the Styrian Oil Trail was established in the 1990s to feature local production of pumpkinseed and pumpkinseed oil and to promote its health benefits.75 The 200 km. long Cider Trail Lower Austria signposts about 20 cider inns, 21 cider taverns and 24 farms who sell their produce directly to the patrons. The Lower Austria Wine Route links all eight wine-growing areas of the province: Carnuntum, Weinviertel, Wachau, Thermenregion, Donauland, Kamptal, Traisental and Kremstal (Figure 3.3).76

75 Collin Michael Hall et al, Food Tourism, p. 152 76 http:// www.weinstrassen.at/wein/e/ 38

Figure 3.3 Styrian Wine Routes

The Bregenzerwald Cheese Trail, which has operated for a decade, is a concept rather than a delineated route that consists of a network of roads where travelers can learn about cheese production.77 It comprises 69 alpine cheesemakers, innkeepers and grocers, each marked with a large K who can be easily found on an interactive, scalable map. Visitors are encouraged to try mountain cheeses, to eat local dishes and to participate in food events such as Gourmet Day and numerous culinary conferences. Information can also be obtained about various packages such as Cheese Delights and Hiking & Culture. Five basic themes are emphasized, namely käsewirte or the cheese chefs, typical and traditional dishes, honest and creative cuisine, “this is how the Bregenzerwald tastes” and MundArt, an alliance of eight restaurants which share a common food philosophy. A well-designed website enables travelers to arrange accommodation and visits and find out local weather conditions.78

77 http://www.bregenzerwald.at/ 78 http://www.bregenzerwald.at/xxl/en/839981/_season/at1/_articleId/874197/index.html 39

4.0 Belgium

My Gourmet Trail in Brussels is one of the many trails can be found in the municipal website that streams visitors according to the purpose of their trip79. A two-hour walk takes visitors past various cafés, confectioners, bakers, beer pubs and cheese shops. One of the gastronomic capitals of Europe, the city boasts a Museum of Coco and Chocolate, a Belgium Brewers’ Museum, the Schaerbeek Museum of Beer, and a centre that celebrate the production of limbic beers, and the Brewers of the Grand Palace (Figure 4.1).

Figure 4.1: My Gourmet Trail.of Brussels

79 http://www.brusselsinternational.be/wabxlint/visitor/discover/popup.jsp?nid=1442 40

5.0 Canada

The Niagara Culinary Trail arches farm to table through links to 70 member establishments. They include accommodation, bakeries, cafes, farms, markets, restaurants, retail shops and wineries. A website contains an interactive map which enables the visitor to zoom or out of urban places and find the best way to navigate through the region (Figure 5.1).80

Figure 5.1: Niagara Culinary Trail

80 www.niagaraculinarytrail.com 41

Norfolk County has published a map with the theme of Ontario’s South Coast that shows where the public can purchase foods of the region. In addition to traditional fruits and vegetables whose availability is shown on a harvest calendar, specialized products such as artisanal cheese, Saskatoon berries, wines, lavender, popping corn and peanuts are available.81

Ontario Craft Brewers has designed the Craft Beer Route in Ontario with five segments that are found in the Capital Region, Golden Horseshoe, Greater Southwest, Lake Country and Toronto.82 Maps and a guide that provides information about the names and locations of the twenty-nine participating breweries can be downloaded from a website (Figure 5.2).83

81 http://www.norfolktourism.ca 82 http://www.ontariocraftbrewers.com./content.php?nextpage=daytrips 83 http://www.ontariocraftbrewers.com/pdf/media_beerRoute.pdf 42

Figure 5.2: Ontario Craft Beer Route

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North-Wellington County has developed The Butter Tart Trail™ 84 that in addition to bakeries includes antique stores, artisan studios, bed and breakfasts, country markets, greenhouses and garden centres, parks and pavilions and farm gate operations where honey, flowers, maple syrup and dairy products can be purchased (Figure 5.3). The Township of Wellington will customize tours to meet the needs of individual organizations.

Figure 5.3: The Butter Tart Trail

The Apple Route along a 64 km stretch on Lake Ontario’s Northern Shore was created in 1993 through an alliance of five municipal tourist organizations to promote the apple history of the Lake Ontario region.85 The Apple Route website contains information about the route and the events that can be enjoyed along it, while the printed maps provide insets for galleries, museums, attractions, restaurants, spats, shops and services, antiques and crafts, agricultural sales and markets and accommodation that can be found in Port Hope, Cobourg, Colborne, Bright and Trenton (Figure 5.4).

84 http://www.wellington-north.com/documents/2008_Butter_Tart_Trail_Map_%26_Brochure.pdf 85 http://www.appleroute.com 44

Figure 5.4: The Apple Route

The largest concentrated area of apple production in Canada has given rise to the Blue Mountains Apple Pie Trail that centres on the Georgian Bay town of Thornbury in Grey County Ontario. Established in 2009, visitors are encouraged to stop along the route of 28 members with apple pie certification that appear on the map that is shown on Figure 5.5. The map is accompanied with a brief description about each establishment, including a photograph and information about principal apple-themed products.

Figure 5.5 The Blue Mountains Apple Pie Trail

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Prince Edward County, a leader in promoting culinary tourism, has developed the Taste Trail to enable travelers to experience culinary and agricultural products.86 An interactive map enables visitors to click on the location of 23 wineries, breweries, cideries, restaurants, cafes, inns and artisanal producers who feature local products (Figure 5.6)

Figure 5.6: Prince Edward County Taste Trail

Prince Edward County has also created a seasonal trail that supports the Maple in the County Event that is held every March.87 Figure 5.7 shows the locations of sugar bushes, processors, restaurants, retailers and maple-related activities that are held in this weekend event.

86 www.tastetrail.ca 87 http://www.mapleinthecounty.ca/MapleMap2009.pdf 46

Figure 5.7: Maple in the County Events

Local ingredients do not always provide the basis for food routes in Ontario, but reflect instead the emergence in a region of highly valued manufacturing and processing skills (Figure 5.8). Emily Chandler has created the Stratford Chocolate Trail that includes stops at 16 chocolatiers in the city. Visitors are encouraged to sample and purchase with “choco-passes”.

47

Figure 5.8: Stratford Chocolate Trail

The City of Stratford has produced a County Epicurean Trek that consists of 11 culinary destinations in the City of Stratford and 15 in Perth County and the surrounding area. Two maps guide visitors to various farm markets, cheese makers, bakeries and farms (Figure 5.9).

48

Figure 5.9: County Epicurean Trek

49

50

A link is provided to the Buy Local Buy Fresh Map (Figure 5.10) which provides residents and visitors alike with information about the available of farm produce.

Figure 5.10: Stratford Local Buy Fresh

Simcoe County Farm Fresh Marketing Association began in 2005 and was incorporated as a non- profit corporation in 2007. 88 It consists of area farmers, farmers’ markets, restaurants and includes other community partners in the health field, food security, government, tourism and economic development. To raise the awareness of the availability of locally grown food, an interactive food route maps was produced to locate 90 farms and businesses which can be

88 http://www.simcoecountyfarmfresh.ca/route.php 51 selected by category (Figure 5.11). While no formal trail has been designed, visitors can organize their own route with this tool.

Figure 5.11: Simcoe County Farm Fresh Marketing Association

The Wine Council of Ontario has developed wine routes and well-marked trails in the four designated VQA wine regions of the province. Figure 28 to 31 shows the locations of wineries that can be found in the Niagara Peninsula, Lake Erie North Shore, Pelee Island, Toronto, York Region and Prince Edward County (Figures 5.12 – 5.15).89

89 http://winesofontario.org/PDFs/2008WineRouteMap.pdf 52

Figure 5.12: Niagara Wine Route

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Figure 5.13: Toronto Wine Route

54

Figure 5.14: Lake Erie North Shore and Pelee Island Wine Route

Figure 5.15: Prince Edward County Wine Route

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Within the Niagara Region, the wineries of Niagara-on-the-Lake have created an Icewine Trail four wine growing areas of Niagara River, Niagara Lakeshore, Four Mile Creek and St. David’s Bench (Figure 5.16).

Figure 5.16: The Icewine Trail Map

The website provides information about the history of each of the 22 participating wineries and details the varietals that are used.90 It also provides a schedule of special events that are themed to capitalize on the allure of icewine.

90 http://www.icewinetrail.com/ 56

Quebec has arguably made the strongest commitment to the establishment of food and beverage trails in Canada. La Route des Fromages connects the many cheese factories that have been established across the province (Figure 5.17). Its website contains information about where Quebec cheeses can be tasted and purchased, but also is designed to educate the visitor about tastings and cheese-making heritage of the province. An interactive Google map shows the locations of producers in each of the seventeen regions of the province.91

Figure 5.17: La Route des Fromages Navigational Map

91 http//www.routedesfromages.com/repertoire2.php?lg=en

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In 1998, the Quebec Cider Route was created in the south and west of the island of Montreal. The trail is self-guided and runs through Rougemont, Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Saint-Paul- d’Abbotsford, Mont-Saint-Grégoire and Hemmingford.92 A detailed interactive map that shows the locations of member producers, while difficult to find on the website, can be ordered along with a brochure of the route (Figure 5.18) and followed by easily recognizable signage on the ground (Figure 5.19).93

92 http://www.canadatravel.ca/sojourner/2005/06/quebecs-cider-route.html 93 http://www.tourisme-monteregie.qc.ca/forfaits/RouteDesCidres/carte.html 58

Figure 5.18: The Quebec Cider Route

Figure 5.19: Route des Cidres Signage

Quebec’s first wine route, the 132 km Route des Vines, was established in 2003 through Lanaudière, Québec, Centre-du-Québec, Basses Laurentides and Montérégie.94 In addition to wineries, it features local farm products and restaurants and provides information about artist workshops, outdoor activities and places to stay (Figure 5.20).95

94 http://www.winesofquebec.com/ 95 http://www.bonjourquebec.com/qc-fr/routevins.html 59

Figure 5.20: Quebec Wine Route

Le Parcours Gourmand or the Gourmet Route supports agritourism in the Quebec-Charlevoix region.96 Members have been grouped into fourteen categories so visitors can readily find the names and location of the foods they wish to enjoy. A comprehensive website provides recipes, news about developments in the region and links to local tourism offices within the region and organizations like Slow Food. It also contains an interactive map of firms that are committed to traditional methods of food production (Figure 5.21).

96 http://www.parcoursgourmand.com/eng/default.asp 60

Figure 5.21: Charlevoix Gourmet Route

La Route des Saveurs de Charlevoix celebrates local producers, artisans and restaurants of the region. Travelers are directed to set paths where they can experience the food and culture of the area (Figure 5.22).

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Figure 5.22 : La Route des Saveurs de Charlevoix

The Cheese, Cranberry and Gourmet Delight Drive is a 337 km route east of Drummondville. An interactive map is available for travelers with an interest in tasting local foods and learning about how they are produced. (Figure 5.23).97

97 http://www.bonjourquebec.com/qc-en/fiches/en/attraits/45285932.html 62

Figure 5.23: Cheese, Cranberry and Gourmet Delight Drive

Table Agroalimentaire du Saguenay-lac-St. Jean98 maintains a comprehensive website that offers visitors information that includes a map of the cheese route (Figure 38) and educates consumers about the importance of terroir (Figure 5.24). 99

98 http://www.tableagro.com/carte.php 99 http://atlas.uqac.ca/saguenay-lac-saint-jean/cartes/d2_1_1/2007/index_fromage.html 63

Figure 5.24: Saguenay-lac-St. Jean Cheese Route

British Columbia offers several food and wine routes, including the ambitious Okanagan Cultural Corridor Project that was began in 2003 with the support of Tourism British Columbia. Figure 5.25 shows the interactive maps which enables users to locate various arts, heritage and agri-tourism attractions over its 250 kilometre length.

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Figure 25: The Okanagan Cultural Corridor Project

British Columbia also offers several other routes in the regions where wine is produced, such as the Okanagan Valley Wine Route whose 66 wineries are grouped in the areas of Vernon, Kelowna and Penticton (Figure 5.26).100

100 http://www.okanagan.com/maps/wine_map.htm

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Figure 5.26: The Okanagan Valley Wine Route

Offshore, Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands have been promoted as the Wine Islands. With one-quarter of British Columbia’s wineries, visitors to this fastest growing wine region in Canada are encouraged to take advantage of an interactive map that locates producers of ciders, mead, local vegetables, fruit, seafood, meat, poultry, herbs and artisanal products.101 The Cowichan Valley Wine Route is available for download from the internet and widely distributed during the annual Wine & Culinary Festival that is held in September (Figure 5.27).102

101 http://www.wineislands.ca/pages/touring/ 102 http://wines.cowichan.net/Winebro1_08_final_map.pdf 66

Figure 5.27: The Cowichan Valley Wine Route

Vancouver Island has a self-guided Chocolate Trail although a map has not been produced. Links are provided to manufacturers and retailers that include Roger’s Chocolates, Moziro Coffee Roasters and Chocolatiers, Harlan’s Chocolates, Hot Chocolate, Denman Island Chocolates and Chocolate Tofino in the communities of Victoria, Shawnigan Lake, Salt Spring Island, the Comox Valley, Denman Island and Tofino.103

103 http://www.vancouverisland.travel/media/newsreleases2007/7dayswithoutchocolate.php 67

The smallest province in Canada has developed a culinary trail as part of a website whose banner is PEI Flavour: Where Food & Culture Come to life (Figure 5.28).104

Figure 5.28: PEI Flavours Culinary Trail

The Flavours Trail folder does not contain a map of a specific route, but enables travellers to search for various categories of culinary experiences on the basis of culinary experience categories and locations (Figure 5.28). Google map can be used to personalize coastal drives in five regions of the island, each with its own character and culture (Figure 5.29).

104 http://peiflavours.ca/ 68

Figure 5.29: Culinary Experiences and Suppliers

Figure 5.30: Coastal Drives

The website also provides information about the availability and location of seasonal produce and culinary events, a rationale for purchasing PEI foods and articles about individuals who are responsible for producing them. A culinary guide features Chef Michael Smith who has become the face of PEI cuisine (Figure 5.31).

69

Figure 5.31: Culinary Guide to PEI Flavours

Those who wish additional information and received culinary tips, vacation ideas and learn more about PEI Flavours can provide their email address. Users are encouraged to connect through YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and RSS Feed and are invited to share their PEI experience through SHARE PEI. Finally, the website markets relevant products such as Flavours of Prince Edward Island: A Culinary Journey by Jeff McCourt, Alan Williams and Austin Clement.

6.0 Chile

Various producers in the Colchagua Valley of Chile have cooperated in the establishment of a wine route (Figure 6.1). The circuit places a strong emphasis on education that explains how the wines are made and the way they reflect the geographical context of the region.

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Figure 6.1: Colchagua Valley Wine Route

7.0 Croatia

Olive oil production in Croatia is promoted through an interactive website that contains maps for the four major zones of Buje, Porec, Buzet - Pazin, and Rovin - Vodnjan (Figures 7.1 – 7.4).105 They direct travelers to operations that provide information about olive harvesting and production and opportunities to purchase olives and related products. Producers along the route can be recognized by two styles of flag, one that signifies the use of numerous varieties of cultivars and modern technology and a smaller distinctive version where traditional processing techniques are employed (Figure 7.5).

Figure 7.1 The Buje Olive Route

105 http://www.istra.com/maslina/ulaz-eng.htm 71

Figure 7.2 The Porec Olive Route

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Figure 7.3 The Buzet Olive Route

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Figure 7.4; The Vodnjan Olive Route

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Figure 7.5: Olive Route Legend

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8.0 Czech Republic

Several food and beverage routes can be found in the Czech Republic, including the Baden Asparagus Route that extends for 136 km from Schwetzingen to Scherzheim through Reilingen, Karlsruhe and Rastatt. Travelers are not only directed to asparagus farms, but lakes, museums and historical sites. Radegast brewery has developed the Beskydy Radegast Cycling Track along the South Bohemian Beer Route (Figure 8.1).

Figure 8.1: South Bohemian Beer Route

76

UNESCO World Heritage and other historical sites attract visitors to the 53.3 km trail which runs south of Prague almost to the Austrian border. Forty pubs and restaurants are passed along a route that can be readily followed with information boards, signposts and free maps. Participants are encouraged to collect a stamp on a postcard that displays all the member pubs.106

9.0 France

106 www.czecot.com/en/?id_tema=17 77

France offers a plethora of trails that feature wines and cuisines that are universally respected. Thirteen one-half our episodes called Wine Trails of France feature each of the major regions.107 The country has no fewer than nine principal wine routes: Azure Route, Coral Route, Emerald Route, Indigo Route, Mauve Route, Purple Route, Saffron Route, Sepia Route, and the Turquoise Route. 108 Travelers can learn about the process of making wine and of course taste the exceptional products of the Alsace Wine Trail, the Beaujolais Wine Trail, the Bordeaux Wine Trail, the Burgundy Wine Trail, the Champagne Wine Trail, the Corsican Wine Trail, The Northern Côtes-du-Rhône Wine Trail, The Southern Côtes-du-Rhône Wine Trail and the Jura Wine Trail.109

Another beverage route is the Route du cidre de Cambremer à Beuvron en Auge, a 40 km trail that passes through the towns of Grandouet, Saint-Ouen-le-Pin, la-Roque-Baignard, Bonnebosq, Durval, Beaufor, Beuvron-en-Auge and Victot-Pontfol. Visitors observe the process of making cider in the traditional manner that is made under the regulations of AOC Pays d’Auge (Figure 9.1).110 Figure 9.1: La Route du Cidre de Cambrener

La Route du Poiré is a 75 km circuit in Normandy that starts at Domfront and passes through the communities of Passais-la-Conception and Barenton. A map guides visitors to free tours and

107 http://www.winetrailsoffrance.com/ 108 http://www.vins-rhone.com/pages/route-des-vins/deguster.asp?route=azur&lng=en&rub=4110 109 http://www.french-wines.com/tourism.htm 110 http://www.cambremer.com/normandy/cambremer_gb.htm 78 tastings of local and traditional foods, ciders, berries, preserves eaux-de-vie and the most famous beverage of the region, Calvados (Figure 9.2).111

Figure 9.2: Sur la route du Poiré

Within the circuit, another map shows where local products can be purchased, including the famous Calvados (Figure 9.3).

Figure 9.3: The Calvados Route

Another route in France is the Olive Tree Route that links the operations of Moulin Dozol- Autrand, Vieux Moulins à huile, Moulin Ramade, Coopératif du Nyonsais, Lou Viei Moulin

111 http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2008/feb/16/top100foodbreaks.foodtrails?page=all 79 d'Oli du Puits Communal, Moulin de Chameil, Le Vieux Moulin and Moulin à huile Chauvet. 112 They provide an opportunity to sample and purchase olive products and to view the harvest and the way olives are processed into oil (Figure 9.4).

Figure 9.4 The Olive Tree Route

10.0 Germany

Few culinary and agricultural tourism routes can be found in Germany,113 but the German Wine Route (Deutsche Weinstrasse), created in 1935, is the oldest wine road in the world. It extends for 85km through the nation’s largest wine growing area (Figure 10.1).

Figure 10.1 The German Wine Route

112 http://www.guideweb.com/provence/circuits/olivetreeroute.php 113 http://www.deutsche-weinstrasse.de/ 80

Another wine road that is called the Buje in the north-western part of Istria is notable for the assortment of wines.114 Visitors can sample and purchase wines made from Istrian malvazija, muskat, white and grey pinot, chardonnay, hrvatica, refosk, teran, borgonja, merlot and cabernet sauvignon.

11.0 Great Britain

Great Britain offers a considerable diversity of routes that have contributed to a revised perception of the country’s poor food image. VisitBritain, the official national website, provides numerous links to food and beverage trails.115

For example, cheese trails are likely the most common category of culinary routes in Britain and it may be worth noting the Cheese Trail in Wales, the Stilton Trail in the Midlands and the Heart of England’s Cheese Trail.116 The Heart of England, which extends from Coventry to the Welsh

114 http://www.istra.com 115 http://www.visitbritain.com/ 116http://www.wda.co.uk/index.cfm/developing_your_business/welsh_agrifood_sector/food_wales/welsh_cheese/the _cheese_trail/en3350 81 border offers other trails as well, including the Ice-Cream Trail (Figure 11.1) whose ten producers make exotic flavours like elderberry and lavender and the Sausage Trail,117 which celebrates the product that was introduced by the Romans in 500 B.C.. Visitors to the northwest can follow the Lake District Tea Trail which features the tradition of afternoon tea with home- made scones, cream, cakes and delicate sandwiches.118

Figure 11.1: The Ice-cream Trail

With the country’s growing reputation for fine cuisine an organization called the South East Food Partnership has published three trails in the South East that emphasize cheese, wine producers and fish retail outlets (Figure 11.2).119 With the support of the South East England Development Agency (SEEDA) and the National Farmers’ Union, a hyperlink leads to a narrative about the history of cheese and cheese making in the region. Additional information about food and drink can be found through links to organizations in individual counties such as Produced in Kent, Taste of Sussex, Surrey Food Links, Hampshire Fare, Isle of Wight Food Association and Berks,Bucks and Oxon Food Groups.120

117 www.sausagelinks.co.uk/news_detail.asp?id=171; www.nw-fine-foods.co.uk 118 www.golakes.co.uk/teatrailcumbria 119 http://www.southeastenglandfoodanddrink.co.uk/display.aspx?id=48 120 http://www.producedinkent.co.uk; http://www.atasteofsussex.co.uk; http://www.surreyfoodlinks.co.uk; http://www.hampshirefare.co.uk; http://www.islandfca.org; www.local-food.net 82

Figure 11.2: South East Food Trails

The South East culinary routes include the South East England Wine Trail and the Seafood Trail. The first includes farmers markets, vineyards, wineries and local culinary entrepreneurs.121 A well-designed map provides travelers with numerous route options. The South East England Wine Trail leads visitors to 20 wineries in the region. Its website features 20 wineries (Figure 11.3) with detailed information about the products that are available at each.122 The South East Seafood Trail celebrates the maritime bounty of the island (Figure 11.4).

Figure 11.3: South East England Wine Trail

121 http://www.buylocalfood.co.uk/ 122 http://www.southeastenglandfoodanddrink.co.uk/upload/South%20East%20England%20Wine%20Trail.pdf 83

84

Figure 11.4: South East Seafood Trail

The Ribble Valley Food Trail in Lancashire features 36 restaurants, inn, shops and delicatessens that have made a commitment to local and high quality produce (Figure 11.5). Established by the Borough Council after the region was severely impacted by an outbreak of foot and mouth disease, it is supported by Taste Lancashire, a year of events and activities that are co-ordinated by the Lancashire and Blackpool Tourist Board. An internet site provides a map along with a brief profile of hospitality and retail establishments along the route123

123 http://www.ribblevalleyfoodtrail.co.uk/food.htm 85

Figure 11.5 The Ribble Valley Food Trail

86

01 1. The Millstone Hotel 02 2. Fairfield Farm Shop 03 3. Mrs Dowsons Ice 04 4. The White Bull Cream 05 5. Northcote Manor 06 6. Food by Breda 07 7. The Freemasons 08 8. The Three Fishes Murphy Arms 09 9. Waterfields Food 10 10. Weezos 11 11. Cowman's 12 12. Mansell's Coffee Ltd Butchers Shop 13 13. Taste @ Clitheroe 14 14. D. Byrne and Co 15 15. Harrison and Kerr 16 16,. Exchange Coffee 17 17 Wellgate Fisheries 18 18. Cheesie 19 19. Roy Porter 20 20. Hudsons Ices Tchaikovsky Butchers 21 21. La Locanda 22 22. CocoMoyo 23 23. Bowland Brewery 24 24. Bashall Barn 25 25. The Bayley Arms 26 26. The Craven Heifer 27 27. The Red Pump Inn 28 28. The Inn at Whitewell 29 29. Leagram Organic 30 30. The Gibbon Bridge 31 31. Robinson Bros 32 32. Little Town Dairy Dairy Hotel Butchers 33 33. The Corporation 34 34 The Longridge 35 35. Thyme 36 36. Tina's Corner Arms Restaurant Bakery

The Gourmet Yorkshire website contains information about restaurants, producers, accommodation, markets, local products and culinary events that are held throughout the region.124 Interactive maps are available for four trails whose towns reveal details about each culinary destination when highlighted by a cursor. A printable version of each can be downloaded (Figure 11.6).

Figure 11.6: Gourmet Yorkshire Trail

124 http://gourmetyorkshire.co.uk 87

Apple wine enthusiasts can follow The Cider Trail that winds through many rural areas of Britain. The website contains information about places where cider can be tasted, purchased and enjoyed in local dishes.125 Routes are signposted for motorists, hikers, cyclists and even those who prefer bus travel.126 One example is the Herefordshire CiderRoute whose distinctive brown and white signs identify the location of the Herefordshire Cider Museum and links large and small scale producers throughout the County.127 Two detailed itineraries have been created for cyclists, the 20 mile Ledbury Cider Cycling Route and the 19 mile Pembridge Cider Cycling Route (Figure 11.7). Figure 11.7: Herefordshire Cider Route

Cider Producers

1 Cider Museum & King Offa Distillery

2 Dunkertons Cider Mill 3 Newton Court Cidery 4 Butford Farm 5 Oliver's Cider and Perry 6 Knights Cider Co Ltd. 7 Gregg's Pit Cider & Perry 8 Westons Cider 9 Lyne Down Farm 10 Broome Farm Cider 11 Gwatkin Cider

Small Scale Producers

The following small scale cider, perry and apple juice producers are only open to the public by prior arrangement. Please always telephone in advance.

12 Orgasmic Cider Company 13 Brook Farm Cider 14 Rathays Old Goat Cider 15 Ledbury Cider & Perry Co. 16 Jus

Specialist Retailers

A Orchard, Hive & Vine B The Hop Pocket C Truffles Delicatessen

125 http://www.tastefuljourneys.com/5838666_8304.htm 126 www.ciderroute.co.uk 127 http://www.ciderroute.co.uk 88

Scotland has long suffered from a well-deserved reputation for inferior food, but has now emerged as a culinary tourism leader. VisitScotland, its primary tourism marketing agency, has created an official eating and drinking guide which is called Eat Scotland.128 The organization recognizes importance of benchmark destinations, but also works to encourage all types of operations to develop higher standards. Nine trails and itineraries integrate culinary opportunities into the local history and culture. The Arran Trail, for example, educates visitors about the Viking raiders, Brodick Castle and the region’s connection with Robert the Bruce. At the same time, it encourages an appreciation of local producers and traditional and modern cooking that features traditional Scottish ingredients such as lobster, Scottish beef, venison, lamb, pheasant, grouse, duck trout and salmon. Eat Scotland’s website includes a map of locations, numerous videos and search engine that facilitates the search for destinations on the basis of location, type of cuisine and speciality (Figure 11.8).

Figure 11.8: Isle of Arran Taste Trail

128 http://eatscotland.visitscotland.com/about-eatscotland.html 89

Creeler's of Arran Island Cheese Company Wooley's of Arran Arran Fine Foods (Paterson Arran Torrylinn Kingscross Herbs Ltd) Creamery Isle of Arran The Arran Brewery James's Chocolates Distillers Auchaleffan Free Range Arran Coffee Kirkend Nursery Foods Arran Ice Cream Kinloch Bakery

Another route on the Eat Scotland website is the Outer Hebrides Food Trail that champions members of the Outer Hebrides Speciality Food Producers Association on the islands of Lewis, Harris, North and South Uist , Benbecula and Barra (Figure 11.9).129

Figure 11.9 The Outer Hebrides Food Trail

129 http://eatscotland.visitscotland.com/trips/itineraries-trails/hebrides-food-trail.html 90

The Scottish Cheese Trail shows the locations of many of the country’s fine cheese manufacturers along with a description of the kinds of cheese they manufacture.130 A website lists members, a brief description and photograph of their products and a map where they can be found (Figure 11.10).

Figure 11.10: Scottish Cheese Trail

The Scottish Farm Shops Trail highlights farm-gate operations whose products range form fish, to vegetables to eggs to rare breeds of pigs.131 Its website displays attractive photographs, a distinctive logo (Figure 11.11) and a map where members can be found (Figure 11.12).

130 http://eatscotland.visitscotland.com/trips/itineraries-trails/cheese-trail.html 131 http://www.scottishfoodguide.com/scottishfarmshops/default.aspx 91

Figure 11.11 Scottish Farm Shops Logo

Figure 11.12: Scottish Farm Shops

Flavours of Scotland offers and itinerary of restaurants that appeal to broad tastes and budgets132 A map (Figure 11.13) enables visitors to follow a structured 10 day itinerary that has been designed (Figure 11.14).

132 http://eatscotland.visitscotland.com/Repository/documents/flavourofscotland.pdf 92

Figure 11.13: Flavours of Scotland

93

Figure 11.14: Itinerary for Flavours of Scotland

The Dumfries & Galloway Food Trail encourages visitors to Savour the Flavours of the region.133 The website lists major food events and contains a map that locates individual operators on the basis of food category (Figure 11.15).

133 http://www.savourtheflavours.co.uk/assets/pdf/Savour4Print_A3(1).pdf 94

Figure 11.15 Dumfries & Galloway Food Trail

95

The Seafood Trail west of Glasgow follows the Argyll coastline.134 Visitors are given directions to the region and are guided to 11 establishments that offer high quality seafood dining experiences and convenient accommodation (Figure 11.16).

Figure 11.16: The Seafood Trail

134 http://www.theseafoodtrail.com/map.html 96

Unlike its food, Scotland’s high reputation for beverages has never been questioned. The Real Ale Trail, which also operates under the umbrella of VisitScotland,135 features brewers in eight distinct regions (Figure 11:17). The well-designed website contains detailed information about each brewer, events, news, shopping and an interactive, Google powered map.136 The location of Real Trail members is shown on Figure 11:18.

Figure 11.17 Real Ale Trail Regions of Scotland

135 http://eatscotland.visitscotland.com/trips/itineraries-trails/real-ale-trail.html 136 http://www.scotlandsrealaletrail.com/trail.htm 97

Figure 11.18 Real Ale Trail Members

The most celebrated Scottish beverage is whisky or Scotch which is made throughout the country. Sixteen distilleries are located in western Scotland on the Whisky Coast. A website contains informative text provides about the history and the geography of this scenic region and an interactive scalable Yahoo map that locates each single malt distillery (Figure 11.19).137

137 http://www.whiskycoast.co.uk/map/default.htm 98

Figure 11.19 The Whisky Coast

The Speyside countryside on east coast of Scotland is a concentration of seven working distilleries and cooperage operations that comprise the Scotch Malt Whisky Trail.138 Its website contains links to accommodation and a four day itinerary that reveals the history and explains the process of each operation. An interactive map directs visitors to sign-posted members (Figure 11.20).

138 http://eatscotland.visitscotland.com/trips/itineraries-trails/malt-whisky-trail.html 99

Figure 11.20: Scotch Malt Whisky Trail

12.0 Italy

Italy’s rank as the largest producer of wine in the world suggests the likelihood that numerous wines trails have been established.139 The first “enoturista” or wine route in the country was established along 50 km of road that winds through the countryside around Soave, northeast of Verona.140 There are more than 100 members, including 50 producers, 13 regional associations, 10 farm restaurants, seven olive oil presses, a ham producer, a baker, a dairy and a distillery. Visitors are encouraged to tour and learn about the history of the region a map that shows the location of members is not provided.

Two other major wine routes have been created, the Castelli Romani Wine Route and The Cesanese Wine Route. The Castelli Romani Wine Route traverses through Colli Albani, Colli Lanuvini, Frascati, Marino, Montecompatri-Colonna and Velletri e Zagarolo and was created to allow visitors to discover the Italian tradition of making wine. The Cesanese Wine Route connects the Casilina and Prenestina consular roads traditionally used for the commerce of food products. The route passes through the towns of Anagni, Paliano, Piglio e Serrone, Affile, Arcinazzo Romano, Genazzano, Olevano Romano, and Roiate e San Vito Romano.

139 Touring Club of Italy, The Italian Wine Guide: The Definitive Guide to Touring, Sourcing and Tasting. 140 http://winecountry.it/regions/veneto/ 100

Italy offers three wine and food trails named Via del Grande Fiume, Via delle Corti Estensi and Via del Delta (Figure 12.1).141 Along the Via del Grande Fiume in the towns of Bondeno, Berra, Migliarino and Massa Fiscaglia, duck, pumpkin and salami can be sampled and purchased. Products that are available along the Via delle Corti Estensi include rice, garlic and truffle. The third route, the Via del Delta brings travelers to places where they can purchase fish, mussels, shellfish, eel and Bosco Eliceo wines .

Figure 12.1: Via del Grande Fiume,Via delle Corti Estensi and Via del Delta Food Trails

Another popular trail is the Olive Oil Route which was created by the Italian Chamber of Commerce on behalf of some 100 companies to connect many of Italy’s wine and food routes to the Italian capital. Although a website provides considerable information about producers and the history of olive production, maps of the route are not readily available.142

13.0 New Zealand

An important New Zealand venture is the North Canterbury Food and Wine Trail. It includes forty businesses that feature wineries, fruit and vegetable growers, artisan producers, accommodation providers, cafes and restaurants. The trail, which was initiated by Enterprise North Canterbury, was conceived to showcase North Canterbury's culinary talents and highlight

141 http://www.beccatidaniele.it/inglese/strada.html 142 http://www.romaincampagna.it/en/scoprire_content.pl?content_id=2 101 the region's distinctive rural food and wine flavours and personalities.143 The trail website contains a guide with a map (Figure 13.1) and photographs of the route.144

Figure 13.1: North Canterberry Food and Wine Trail

Another New Zealand culinary route is the Hawke’s Bay Wine Country Food Trail that was created in 2000 by The Hawke’s Bay Food Group. A website explains the trail’s objectives which include the intention to highlight the abundance of exceptional food products in the area, to work co-operatively to provide visitors a complete wine and food experience, to identify large and small producers, to highlight the range and diversity of produce in the region, to encourage excellence in purity and freshness of food products through quality standards and to promote

143 http://www.nzine.co.nz/features/northcanterburytrail.html 144 [email protected]

102

Hawke’s Bay grown and Hawke’s Bay made food products.145 A map and guidebook are available from local businesses and the visitor centre (Figure 13.2).146

Figure 13.2: Hawke’s Bay Wine Company Food Trail

14.0 South Africa

South African wines can be expierienced along several wine routes, including the Breedekloof, Constanti Wine Route, Durbanvillie Wine Valley, Helderberg Wine Route, Klein Karoo Wine Route, Paarl Vintners, Robertson Wine Valley, Route 62, Simonsberg, Stellenbosch Wine Route, Swartland Wine Route, Tulbagh Wine Route, Vignerons de Franschhoek, Wellington Wine Route and Worcester Winelands (Figure 14.1).147

145 http://www.foodhawkesbay.co.nz/files/Food%20Trail%20v5%202006.pdf 146 http://[email protected] 147 http://www.wine.co.za/Tour/Routes/Default.aspx 103

Figure 14.1: Wine Routes of South Africa

Breedekloof Brandy Routes

Constantia Wine Route Darling Tourist Bureau

Devon Valley Vintners Association Durbanville Wine Valley

Helderberg Wine Route Klein Karoo Wine Route

Paarl Vintners Robertson Wine Valley

Route 62 Simonsberg

Stellenbosch Wine Route Swartland Wine Route

104

Tulbagh Wine Route Vignerons de Franschhoek

Wellington Wine Route Worcester Winelands

Constantia Valley

Each wine route provides a map that leads tourists to participating wineries and information about local accommodation and restaurants. Figure 14.2 provides an illustration of Breedeckloof region.

Figure 14.2: Breedeckloof Wine Region

105

South Africa also has The Brew Route that was created by Tourism KwaZulu-Natal to promote small and large breweries. Operating in an area that is known as the Zulu Kingdom are the Congella-United National Breweries, South African Breweries, Firkin Hophouse Micro Brewery & Pub, Pavilion Shopping Centre in Westville, The Nottingham Road Brewery, Wartburger Brauhaus, the Ijuba-United National Breweries, The Farmers Brauhaus and the Zululand Brewing.148

15.0 Spain

Like most European nations, Spain has developed culinary trails to feature their foods and beverages. La Ruta de l’Oli is an oil route where visitors can visits olive groves, pressing operations and even an oil theme park called Parc Temàtic de l'Oli (Figure 15.1).149

Figure 15.1: La Ruta de l’Oli

The wine regions of Spain also contain numerous paths that lead to winery doors, although there are few clearly marked routes or trails. An interactive map of the Spanish wine regions (Figure 15.3) leads to more detailed locations of wineries, as shown in Figures 15.2 and 15.3 of the Navarre and the Rioja Alavesa Wine Routes. Information is also provided about accommodation

148 http://beer.kzn.org.za/beer/ 149 http://www.lleidatur.com/cat/rutaoli.html 106 and restaurants, the nature of the wines that each region produces, events and activities such as a sleeping in the vineyard package.150

Figure 15.2: Wine Regions of Spain

Figure 15.3: Navarre Wine Route

.

150 http://www.spain.info/TourSpain/Rutas+Vino/?Language=en 107

Figure 15.4: Rioja Alavesa Wine Route

16.0 United States

Culinary trails are not common in the United States, although the Connecticut Food Trail provides an example of the growing recognition that foods and beverages are important in the tourist economy (Figure 16.1).

Figure 16.1 Connecticut Food Trail Logo

108

The organization hosts a sophisticated and interactive website which provides a “gateway to New England’s finest specialty foods.”151 The goals of the Connecticut Food Trail include the promotion, marketing and sale of Connecticut specialty food brands in state and nationwide. The site contains on-line and printed maps for each county which enable visitors to find restaurants and retail establishments that feature Connecticut-based foods (Figure 16.2). There are also a search function to find products on the food trail, a food trail blog and information about numerous forums and events in the state. The organization encourages cross-pollination and networking among those who make local food products and those who sell it through coordinated food expositions. No membership fees are charged, but in-kind contributions and website advertising fees for assistance in maintaining are accepted.

Figure 16.2 Connecticut Food Trail Interactive Map .

151 http://www.ctfoodtrail.com/ 109

New Mexico has established the Amazing Green Chile Cheeseburger Trail that celebrates a staple that has appeared on local menus since the middle of the last century.152 It consists of almost 50 green chili cheeseburger restaurants and cafes, drive-ins “To further attract visitors who make destination and other travel choices based on food and beverages, their local producers, and related experiences, we are developing a series of Culinary Trails and promotional material that will showcase New Mexico restaurants, farmers’ markets, wineries, microbreweries, and other producers throughout the state (Figure 16.3).”

Figure 16.3: The Amazing Chile Cheeseburger Trail

152 http://www.newmexico.org/greenchilecheeseburger/images/gcct_revise.pdf 110

highly colourful interactive map shows the location of each establishment amidst various attractions that range from alien landing sites to outstanding natural features of the western landscape (Figure 16.4).

Figure 16.4: New Mexico’s Green Chile Cheeseburger Trail

111

Louisiana has developed several food trails that feature the state’s distinctive culinary heritage.153 The Praire Home Cooking Trail can be accessed on an interactive map that shows destinations where Cajun and Creole products can be found (Figure 16.5)

Figure 16.5: The Prairie Home Cooking Trail

The Southern Foodways Alliance has created several trails to document iconic foodways of the American South and to support culinary tourism throughout the region.154 Trip planners enable users to construct their own route on interactive maps and provide information about the history of various dishes and access classic recipes. They include the Southern Gumbo Trail155 (Figure 16.6), The Southern Boudin Trail156 (Figure 16.7), The Southern BBQ Trail157 (Figure 16.8) and the Mississippi Delta Hot Tamale Trail158 (Figure 16.9).

153 http://louisianaculinarytrails.com/trail/Prairie-Home-Cooking/ 154 http://www.southernfoodways.com/ 155 http://www.southerngumbotrail.com/map.shtml 156 http://www.southernboudintrail.com/ 157 http://www.southernbbqtrail.com 158 http://www.tamaletrail.com 112

Figure 16.6: The Southern Gumbo Trail

113

Figure 16.7: The Southern Boudin Trail

114

Figure 16.8: The Southern BBQ Trail

115

Figure 16.9: The Mississippi Delta Hot Tamale Trail

116

Another innovative route is the Urban Bourbon Trail which is meant to position Louisville, KY as the gateway to the seven distilleries that are located along the Kentucky Bourbon Trail.159 A comprehensive website outlines the history and lore of bourbon, provides a list of distilleries and bars along the Urban Bourbon Trail, links with podcasts and a contains a calendar of events (Table 16.1).160

Table 16.1: Calendar of Events on the Urban Bourbon Trail

"The Mark of Great Art" Exhibit

The Great Whiskey Debate - The Ryder Cup of Whiskey

Sip & Sample Bottle Signing

Cornhole Comes to the 2008 Kentucky Bourbon Festival

Kentucky Bourbon Festival

Kentucky Bourbon Festival Balloon Glow

Boots & Bourbon

Learn the Culinary Art of Cooking with Bourbon

Bourbon, Cigars & Jazz

Bourbon Tasting & Gala

Drink and Democracy: A Stroll Down Kentucky's Bourbon Trail

Haunting of the Distillery

Pappy Van Winkle Bourbon Dinner

Lighting of the Distillery

159 http://www.gotolouisville.com/content.aspx?id=5166 160 http://www.justaddbourbon.com/ 117

Visitors can obtain a Bourbon Country Passport from the Visitor Centre in Louisville which contains the address and short description of each stop, space for notes, a map and instructions about how to taste bourbon properly (Figure 16.10)

Figure 16.10: The Urban Bourbon Passport

Participants are encouraged to record their stops with a stamp at drink and food purchase locations. Once completed, the Passport can be mailed in or redeemed at the visitor center for a specially designed T-shirt.

118

The Maine Beer Trail has 25 members who have combined to create a Maine Beer Trail Pass (Figure 16.11) that offers prizes depending upon the number of breweries that have been visited along the route that is shown in Figure 16.12.161

Figure 16.11 Maine Beer Trail Members and Products

161 http://www.mainebrewersguild.org/BeerTrailWeb.pdf

119

Figure 16.12: Maine Beer Trail Route

Every year the Santa Barbara Vintners' Association produces an interactive map (Figure 16.13) which enables users to find winery tasting rooms, tastings rooms and wine shops, restaurants and lodging.162

162 http://www.sbcountywines.com/visit/interactive.html 120

Figure 16.13: Interactive Map of Santa Barbara Wine Country

The Association also prints touring maps that are intended to assist visitors during their time in Santa Barbara Wine Country, a distance of more than 50 miles from the northern to southern tasting rooms (Figures 16.14 – 16.19).163

163 http://www.sbcountywines.com/visit/map.html

121

Figure 16.14: Santa Barbara Wine Country

Figure 16.15: Santa Maria and Los Alamos Valley Wine Trail

122

Figure 16.16: Buelton & Sta. Rita Hills

Figure 16.17: Los Alivos Promenade

123

Figure 16.18: Santaq Ynez Wine Trail

Figure 16.19: Solvang Wine Walk

124

Discussion:

This document has examined many prominent culinary routes with a greater focus on food than beverage trails. Most are readily accessible on the internet, but clearly the list is not exhaustive since virtually every wine region has an established route. Furthermore, there are arcane trails that have been designed by quirky individuals who provide lists of specific themes foods. Many of these are figurative in the sense that they consist of a list of destinations with a complementary theme. Examples include Robb Walsh’s Taco Food Trail and best of lists that are compiled by print media under such categories as the ten best sandwiches or the ten best bagels or the ten best corned beef sandwiches in a municipality. A second type of trail, the focus here, is the formal route which controls and prices membership, brands the product with distinct labels and signage, and markets the product through print maps and the internet.

Regardless of whether the trails are figurative or formal, information about them is infrequently available at tourist offices. Hence, individuals with an interest in a particular destination must locate the appropriate websites, download brochures and maps for travel. The internet has the obvious advantage of providing linkages to other attractions to food and to accommodation facilities which can be often booked online. At the same time, the friendliness of websites varies considerably with respect to their navigability, particularly with respect to locating maps of participating operators. In addition to this important quality, the features that are found in the best culinary trails are:

 a conscious commitment to educating the potential user about the historical, architectural and cultural context of the product  a clear brand that uses simple and memorable symbols such as the growing agreement for the signage of wine routes

 an effective slogan or phrase that typifies the theme of the trail such as (savour the flavours)  a high level of aesthetic appeal for several senses that uses quality photographs, artwork and video and audio clips  a provision for modern communication through MP3 players, iPods, downloadable blogs and access to broadcasts  strong linkages with complementary operations  the inclusion of product information including a calendar of events and the posting of recipes  hooks such as subscriptions that entitle members to the most topical information about the product and destination and instil a sense of partnership  readily downloadable maps that can be taken, a problem with interactive maps if there is no provision for a print version

125

 a planning trip function and calculators  a calendar of events  an effective search engine to explore the site  the creation of organized itineraries that suit the diverse needs of trail users  the appeal of unique or unusual products such as tacos or ice cream

The success of culinary trails depends on the ability to offer travel experiences that are distinctive, enticing, coherent and feasible. This survey of food and beverage routes, both public and privately operated, provides an opportunity to assess a wide variety of products whose features could potentially be used to develop or enhance culinary tourism strategies in Ontario.

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