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Formation Debian GNU/Linux

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Formation Debian GNU/Linux Formation Debian GNU/Linux Alexis de Lattre [email protected] Formation Debian GNU/Linux par Alexis de Lattre Copyright © 2002, 2003 par Alexis de Lattre Ce document est disponible aux formats : • HTML en ligne (http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/) ou HTML zippé (http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/formation-linux-html.zip) (3,6 Mo), • PDF zippé (http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/formation-linux-pdf.zip) (4 Mo), • RTF zippé (http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/formation-linux-rtf.zip) (3,5 Mo), • Texte zippé (http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/formation-linux-txt.zip) (215 Ko). La version la plus récente de ce document se trouve à l’adresse http://people.via.ecp.fr/~alexis/formation-linux/. Vous avez le droit de copier, distribuer et/ou modifier ce document selon les termes de la GNU Free Documentation License, version 1.2 ou n’importe quelle version ultérieure, telle que publiée par la Free Software Foundation. Le texte de la licence se trouve dans l’annexe GNU Free Documentation License. Table des matières A propos de ce document ....................................................................................................................................................... i I. Installation de Debian GNU/Linux.................................................................................................................................... i 1. Linux, GNU, logiciels libres,... c’est quoi ?................................................................................................................1 2. La distribution Debian.................................................................................................................................................4 3. Motivation et matériel requis ......................................................................................................................................8 4. Les préliminaires.......................................................................................................................................................11 5. Création des CDs et des disquettes ...........................................................................................................................14 6. Préparation du disque dur .........................................................................................................................................18 7. Débuter l’installation.................................................................................................................................................21 8. Le système de fichiers ...............................................................................................................................................24 9. Partitionner................................................................................................................................................................28 10. Installation et configuration du noyau.....................................................................................................................31 11. Configuration du réseau ..........................................................................................................................................33 12. Installation du système de base...............................................................................................................................34 13. Premier boot !..........................................................................................................................................................35 14. La fin de la configuration du système .....................................................................................................................37 15. Les packages ...........................................................................................................................................................39 16. Utiliser LILO...........................................................................................................................................................43 II. Utilisation et configuration de base de Debian GNU/Linux ........................................................................................45 17. Débuter en console..................................................................................................................................................46 18. Avant d’aller plus loin.............................................................................................................................................51 19. Vim : un éditeur de texte .........................................................................................................................................54 20. Configurer le shell...................................................................................................................................................57 21. Faire marcher la connexion Internet........................................................................................................................60 22. Le Web et le FTP en console...................................................................................................................................69 23. Le système de gestion des packages Debian...........................................................................................................71 24. Le réseau et la sécurité ............................................................................................................................................76 25. Configuration du noyau Linux ................................................................................................................................79 26. Compiler le noyau...................................................................................................................................................94 27. Tirer parti du nouveau noyau - 1...........................................................................................................................101 28. Tirer parti du nouveau noyau - 2...........................................................................................................................110 29. Configurer son serveur de mail local ....................................................................................................................113 30. Outils d’administration système............................................................................................................................114 III. Debian GNU/Linux en mode graphique ....................................................................................................................118 31. Passer en Sid ?.......................................................................................................................................................120 32. Installer le serveur graphique................................................................................................................................124 33. Le bureau Gnome..................................................................................................................................................136 34. Les bases de Linux en mode graphique ................................................................................................................140 35. Le Web, le mail et les news en mode graphique ...................................................................................................146 36. La musique sous X................................................................................................................................................151 37. VLC, un player multimédia ..................................................................................................................................155 38. La bureautique avec OpenOffice.org.....................................................................................................................157 39. La bureautique sans OpenOffice ...........................................................................................................................159 40. La manipulation d’images.....................................................................................................................................163 41. Graver des CDs audio et des CDs de données ......................................................................................................166 42. L’économiseur d’écran..........................................................................................................................................168 43. Se logguer en graphique........................................................................................................................................170 iii IV. Debian GNU/Linux en réseau .....................................................................................................................................173 44. L’accès à distance par SSH ...................................................................................................................................174 45. Faire de l’export display........................................................................................................................................182 46. NFS : le partage de fichiers sous Unix..................................................................................................................188 47. Le voisinage réseau Windows
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