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Phalloidin, Amanita Phalloides

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Phalloidin, Amanita Phalloides Phalloidin, Amanita phalloides sc-202763 Material Safety Data Sheet Hazard Alert Code EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Key: Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Phalloidin, Amanita phalloides STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. NFPA FLAMMABILITY1 HEALTH4 HAZARD INSTABILITY0 SUPPLIER Company: Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Address: 2145 Delaware Ave Santa Cruz, CA 95060 Telephone: 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 Emergency Tel: CHEMWATCH: From within the US and Canada: 877-715-9305 Emergency Tel: From outside the US and Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 PRODUCT USE Toxic bicyclic heptapeptide (a member of the family of phallotoxins) isolated from the green mushroom, Amanitra phalloides Agaricaceae (the green death cap or deadly agaric). Binds to polymeric actin, stabilising it and interfering with the function of endoplasmic reticulum and other actin-rich structures. NOTE: Advice physician prior to working with phallotoxins. Prepare Emergency procedures. SYNONYMS C35-H48-N8-O11-S, phalloidine, "Amanita phalloides Group I toxin", "Amanita phalloides Group I toxin", "mushroom (green death cap/ deadly agaric) phallotoxin/ peptide", "cyclopeptide/ bicyclic bioactive heptapeptide" Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED ■ Severely toxic effects may result from the accidental ingestion of the material; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 5 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. ■ At sufficiently high doses the material may be hepatotoxic(i.e. poisonous to the liver). ■ Mushroom intoxication due to the ingestion of the green or white Amanita species causes severe liver necrosis due to the inhibition of protein synthesis. Two types of alkaloid, the amatoxins and phallotoxins are present and both are hepatotoxic. Amatoxins however are 10-20 times more hepatotoxic. The prototype of amatoxins is alpha-amanitin. which is a potent inhibitor of RNA polymerase II; as a consequence of the inhibition of mRNA synthesis, protein synthesis is affected. Inhibition manifests with different time courses but will finally lead to a loss of enzymes, structural proteins and apoproteins for lipoprotein synthesis, resulting in fat accumulation and necrosis. As little as 30 gm (1 oz.) of the fresh mushroom can be lethal. After ingestion of the mushroom, a latency period between 6 and 48 h is observed, after which a gastrointestinal stage ensues; this can lead to fatalities with cholera-like symptoms. Cyclopeptide intoxication begins as a severe gastroenteritis, sometimes associated with cardiovascular collapse, prostration, delirium and coma. Other symptoms include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, bloody stools, painful tenderness of the liver, enlarged liver, oliguria or anuria, jaundice, pulmonary oedema, headache, mental confusion and depression, hypoglycaemia and signs of cerebral injury with or convulsions. Death may occur at this stage ("cerebral death") or after 5 to 6 days (due to liver failure) often after a period where the patient appears to improve. After 1 to 4 days the liver injury is obvious. At this time, the degree of liver damage is usually severe and irreversible. Symptoms may not appear until 3 or 4 days when liver swelling, tenderness and other signs of hepatic cellular necrosis appear. Autopsy shows fatty degeneration of the liver, kidneys, heart and skeletal system. The long delayed hepatotoxic response is probably due to the amatoxins which injure the nucleolus and later the nucleus of liver cells. Other mushroom toxins, notably the phallotoxins (cyclic heptapeptides) produce rapid liver injury when injected although they are markedly less toxic than amatoxins by mouth probably due to digestive protease attack in the gastrointestinal tract. Massive coagulation disturbances and hepatic encephalopathy characterise the final stage of the poisoning. Toxicity involves all tissues including the kidney and the pancreas, however, its consequences are most dramatic in the liver because of the high rate of hepatic protein synthesis and because enterohepatic circulation constantly reintroduces the hepatotoxic to the liver. ■ Poisonings from toxic mushrooms and toad-stools are known collectively as mycetismus. Phallotoxins, as a group, appear to be poorly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract possibly as a result of digestive protease attack. It is unlikely that oral poisonings produced by mushrooms are related to phallotoxin toxicity but are in probability due to amatoxins. Phallotoxins attack and injure the plasma membranes of the liver cells (hepatocytes), the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules As a group the phallotoxins bind to actin fibres at the cell membrane, resulting in changes to the membrane permeability and finally cell death. In contract to the amatoxins, the phallotoxins exert their action a few hours after exposure. If large masses of mushroom are ingested, symptoms of intoxication may be dominated by the early acting phallotoxins. EYE ■ Although the material is not thought to be an irritant, direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterized by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). Slight abrasive damage may also result. The material may produce foreign body irritation in certain individuals. SKIN ■ Skin contact with the material may produce severely toxic effects; systemic effects may result following absorption and these may be fatal. ■ The material is not thought to be a skin irritant (as classified using animal models). Abrasive damage however, may result from prolonged exposures. Good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting. ■ Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. ■ Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. INHALED ■ Inhalation of dusts, generated by the material, during the course of normal handling, may produce severely toxic effects; these may be fatal. ■ The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation (as classified using animal models). Nevertheless inhalation of dusts, or fume, especially for prolonged periods, may produce respiratory discomfort and occasionally, distress. ■ Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS ■ Long-term exposure to the product is not thought to produce chronic effects adverse to the health (as classified using animal models); nevertheless exposure by all routes should be minimized as a matter of course. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability: 1 Toxicity: 4 Body Contact: 4 Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Reactivity: 1 Moderate=2 High=3 Chronic: 0 Extreme=4 NAME CAS RN % phalloidin 17466-45-4 >98 Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES SWALLOWED ■ IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY. Where Medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed otherwise: For advice, contact a Poisons Information Center or a doctor. Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed. If conscious, give water to drink. INDUCE vomiting with fingers down the back of the throat, ONLY IF CONSCIOUS. Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means. In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient following observation and employing supportive measures as indicated by the patient's condition. If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the MSDS should be provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist. If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the patient to a hospital together with a copy of the MSDS. EYE ■ If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Center or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Transport to hospital or doctor without delay. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. SKIN ■ If skin or hair contact occurs: Immediately flush body and clothes with large amounts of water, using safety shower if available. Quickly remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear.
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