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1. Creator: Stephen Sack Title: “See No… Hear No… Speak No…” Publication: Ft. Wayne Journal Publication Date: Unknown, 1978-1979 Description: In 1964 Leonid Brezhnev took over as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Part of the Soviet Union after Nikita Khrushchev was removed from power. He presided over the USSR from 1964 until his death in 1982. Some of Brezhnev’s early changes were to remove the liberalizing reforms made of Khrushchev. Cultural freedom was limited and the secret service, the KBG, regained power. In 1973, the Soviet Union entered an era of economic stagnation which led to unhappiness among the Soviet people. Brezhnev continued the policy of détente with the United States, limiting arms but at the same time building up Soviet military strength. Source: Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year ed. Charles Brooks. Pelican Publishing Press, Gretna, 1979 Folder: Cartoons Bezbatchenko 2. Creator: Mike Keffe Title: Untitled Publication: Denver Post Publication Date: Unknown, 1980- 1981 Description: Elections were held in the USSR and the United States in 1979 and 1980 respectively. The 1980 presidential campaign was between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter and Republican candidate, Ronald Reagan. The election was held on November 4, 1980. Reagan won the electoral college vote by a landslide. In the Soviet Union, elections were held but for appearances only. Vladimir Lenin and the other Bolshevik leaders dissolved the Constituent Assembly in 1918. Under Stalin’s rule the position of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party became synonymous with “leader of the Soviet Union.” In 1980, the government was controlled by nonelected Communist Politburo members, the Central Committee and a parliament type group called the Supreme Soviet, who only met briefly throughout the year. -
Mnes and CLIMATE CHANGE
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Multinational enterprises and climate change: exploring institutional failures and embeddedness Pinkse, J.; Kolk, A. DOI 10.1057/jibs.2011.56 Publication date 2012 Document Version Submitted manuscript Published in Journal of International Business Studies Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Pinkse, J., & Kolk, A. (2012). Multinational enterprises and climate change: exploring institutional failures and embeddedness. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(3), 332-341. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2011.56 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:25 Sep 2021 MNE S AND CLIMATE CHANGE : EXPLORING INSTITUTIONAL FAILURES AND EMBEDDEDNESS JONATAN PINKSE * & ANS KOLK ** * Grenoble Ecole de Management, France & University of Amsterdam Business School, The Netherlands ** University of Amsterdam Business School, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally to this paper Journal of International Business Studies , forthcoming ABSTRACT This paper explores how climate change affects MNEs, focusing on the challenges they face in overcoming liabilities and filling institutional voids related to the issue. -
Bulletin 10-Final Cover
COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN Issue 10 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. March 1998 Leadership Transition in a Fractured Bloc Featuring: CPSU Plenums; Post-Stalin Succession Struggle and the Crisis in East Germany; Stalin and the Soviet- Yugoslav Split; Deng Xiaoping and Sino-Soviet Relations; The End of the Cold War: A Preview COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN 10 The Cold War International History Project EDITOR: DAVID WOLFF CO-EDITOR: CHRISTIAN F. OSTERMANN ADVISING EDITOR: JAMES G. HERSHBERG ASSISTANT EDITOR: CHRISTA SHEEHAN MATTHEW RESEARCH ASSISTANT: ANDREW GRAUER Special thanks to: Benjamin Aldrich-Moodie, Tom Blanton, Monika Borbely, David Bortnik, Malcolm Byrne, Nedialka Douptcheva, Johanna Felcser, Drew Gilbert, Christiaan Hetzner, Kevin Krogman, John Martinez, Daniel Rozas, Natasha Shur, Aleksandra Szczepanowska, Robert Wampler, Vladislav Zubok. The Cold War International History Project was established at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., in 1991 with the help of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and receives major support from the MacArthur Foundation and the Smith Richardson Foundation. The Project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to disseminate new information and perspectives on Cold War history emerging from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side”—the former Communist bloc—through publications, fellowships, and scholarly meetings and conferences. Within the Wilson Center, CWIHP is under the Division of International Studies, headed by Dr. Robert S. Litwak. The Director of the Cold War International History Project is Dr. David Wolff, and the incoming Acting Director is Christian F. -
THE CANADIAN ORIGINS of GLASNOST Introduction
THE CANADIAN ORIGINS OF GLASNOST YV Introduction Glasnost and perestroika are distinctly revitalize their nation. The concepts of Focus Russian terms, but there is a Canadian glasnost and perestroika intrigued the This News in Re- connection to both of them. In the world. The Soviet Union, historically a view module discusses the mean- 1980s the Russian ambassador to closed society run by a tight committee ings of two very Canada, Alexandre Yakovlev, devel- of party faithful, had ruled the nation powerful terms, oped the idea of opening his nation to with an iron fist for three quarters of a glasnost and change and enlightenment. This man century. Now glasnost (openness) and perestroika. Their could see the writing on the wall for the perestroika (restructuring) became the significance, in Soviet Union. He believed that if buzzwords of a new regime. An experi- terms of modern Russian history, is change from within did not occur, then ment in cultural change was unleashed. explored. As well catastrophic change from without Glasnost applied primarily to the these terms are would be inevitable. He wanted to find media in the Soviet Union. The media discussed from the a way to save his people and provide had long been an extension of the party perspective of their prosperity and happiness to a nation politic and had little to do with accuracy origins, both Russian and Cana- that for too long had done without and truth (despite the leading publica- dian. either. tion named Pravda [Truth]). Glasnost During his tenure as ambassador to led to a lessening of restrictions and an Canada he became a student of our attempt to improve the information flow YV Sections nation. -
GCSE History: the Cold W Ar Topic 3: Détente and End Of
Summary Key Vocabulary Although the invasion of Czechoslovakia had strained USA-USSR ‘Relaxing of tensions’. Particularly from 1970-79, both the USA Détente relations, the 1970s was a decade of clear détente; both sides made and USSR were willing to work with each other. several important agreements such as USA pulling out of the Afghan In 1978, Soviet-backed Afghan communists took over the country, Vietnam War in 1973, and the Helsinki Agreement 1975 which Revolution but struggled to get enough support amongst Afghans. guaranteed human rights and the borders of all countries in Europe. The Islamic extremists who were fighting in the Afghan Civil War Mujahideen Détente ended in 1979 when Brezhnev made the decision to against communism. They were given funds/supplies by the USA. invade Afghanistan to support the communist government against A form of warfare where small group of rebels use ambushes and guerrilla Islamic extremists. The US public reacted by voting for Ronald hit-and-run tactics to fight a larger army. The Mujahideen used warfare Reagan who followed a hardline stance against the USSR, calling it this against the USSR, and the Vietcong used it against the USA. an ’evil empire’ and increasing US military spending. The refusal to pay for/attend something. The USA boycotted the boycott By the mid-1980s, the USSR had massive debts from the Afghan Moscow Olympics; the USSR boycotted Los Angeles 4 years later. GCSE History: The Cold War Cold The History: GCSE War. The final leader, Mikhail Gorbachev, promised massive ratify A treaty/agreement does not become law until it is ratified. -
Itiie WHITE HONE
TiiE WHITE HONE I THE DAWf DSARY OF PRESliI)ENT JIMMY CARTER JUNE 16, U.S. EMBASSY RESIDENCE lg’i’g I TIME DAY VIENNA, AUSTRIA I 5:3O a.m. SATURDAY ‘HONE I TIME ACTfVITY 5:30 The President received a wake up call from the White House signal board operator. 7:05 ? The President went jogging in the garden of the U.S. Embassy I residence. 10:21 The President went to his motorcade. 10:21 10:35 The President motored from the U.S. Embassy residence to the U.S. Embassy. The President went to the holding room. The President went to the front of the U.S. Embassy. The President greeted Leonid Il'ich Brezhnev, General Secretary and Member, Politburo, Communist Party of the Soviet Union Central Committee and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R.) Members of the press The President escorted General Secretary Brezhnev to the Conference Room. 1l:OO 12~28 The President participated in a meeting with U.S. and U.S.S.R. officials. For a list of attendees, see APPENDIX "A." I i Members of the press, in/out The President escorted Secretary General Brezhnev to his motorcade. The President bade farewell to General Secretary Brezhnev. Members of the press The President went to the lobby of the U.S. Embassy. 1234 1 The President returned to his motorcade. 12:50 12:35 i 1 The President motored from the U.S. Embassy to the U.S. I Embassy residence. -
2018 Sartorius Christopher Ma
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE WARNING INTELLIGENCE IN NUCLEAR CRISIS MANAGEMENT: AVOIDING CATASTROPHIC MISCALCULATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By CHRISTOPHER M. SARTORIUS Norman, OK 2018 WARNING INTELLIGENCE IN NUCLEAR CRISIS MANAGMENT: AVOIDING CATASTROPHIC MISCALCULATION A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE BY ___________________________ Dr. Ronald K. Gaddie, Chair ___________________________ Dr. Colin M. Barry ___________________________ Dr. Deven E. Carlson ___________________________ Dr. Jorge L. Mendoza ___________________________ Dr. Shad B. Satterthwaite © Copyright by CHRISTOPHER M. SARTORIUS 2018 All Rights Reserved. This dissertation is dedicated to my family and all intelligence professionals, military and civilian, past and present, who have dedicated their lives to protecting our great nation and our allies. Acknowledgements Working on this doctoral dissertation has been both a joy and a challenge. This work would not have been possible without the support and encouragement of countless individuals. At the most personal level, I would like to thank my wife, Fulvia, for her support over the past three years of this doctoral program and for her care and love over the past 25 years. I wish to thank my son, Konrad, for providing inspiration, much needed breaks in my work routine, and for sharing lunch together at the OU cafeteria followed by our fun table tennis matches. I also would like to thank my parents, Tim and Wanda Sartorius, for instilling in me the value of a great education. I would also like to thank Dr. Shad Satterthwaite, always friendly, open, and upbeat for enthusiastically encouraging me to pursue a doctoral degree at OU and Dr. -
Integration of Non-Market and Market Activities in Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions
This is a repository copy of Integration of Non-market and Market Activities in Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/124369/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Ahammad, MF orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-2223, Tarba, SY, Frynas, JG et al. (1 more author) (2017) Integration of Non-market and Market Activities in Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions. British Journal of Management, 28 (4). pp. 629-648. ISSN 1045-3172 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12228 © 2017 British Academy of Management. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S. Y., Frynas, J. G. and Scola, A. (2017), Integration of Non-market and Market Activities in Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions. Brit J Manage, 28: 629–648., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12228. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. -
Aligning for Advantage
Aligning for Advantage Competitive Strategies for the Political and Social Arenas Thomas C. Lawton, Jonathan P. Doh, and Tazeeb Rajwani 1 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Thomas C. Lawton, Jonathan P. Doh, and Tazeeb Rajwani 2014 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2014 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2013954175 ISBN 978–0–19–960474–6 (hbk.) ISBN 978–0–19–960475–3 (pbk.) Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
The Brezhnev Politburo and the Decline of Détente, Problems in Administrative Reform, and the Third Reich, 1933-1939: a Historical Bibliography
Journal of Political Science Volume 12 Number 1 Article 7 November 1985 Book Reviews: The Brezhnev Politburo and the Decline of Détente, Problems in Administrative Reform, and The Third Reich, 1933-1939: A Historical Bibliography Richard Brown Michael Mumper Donald M. McKale Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Brown, Richard; Mumper, Michael; and McKale, Donald M. (1985) "Book Reviews: The Brezhnev Politburo and the Decline of Détente, Problems in Administrative Reform, and The Third Reich, 1933-1939: A Historical Bibliography," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 12 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol12/iss1/7 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOOK REVIEWS The Brezhnev Politburo and the Decline of Detente Harry Gelman. Ithaca; Cornell University Press 1984. 268 pgs. $9.95 pb. A decade has now passed since the era of detente; an era in which East W est relation s appeared to have overcome the psychological barrie rs that mired the two oppo sing camp s in a cold war for a quarter of a century. In the West, detente was perceived foremost as diminishing the haunting specter of nuclear war. For Europeans in particular, detente was also perceived as dimini shing the threat of another conventional war on the con tinent. -
The KGB in Kremlin Politics
FINAL REPORT TO NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : THE KGB IN KREMLIN POLITIC S AUTHOR : Jeremy R. Azrael Rand Corporation/UCLA CONTRACTOR : Rand/UCLA PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Jeremy R. Azrael COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 801-4 DATE : September, 198 8 The work leading to this report was supported by funds provided b y the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . Th e analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those o f the author . CONTENT S PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i v INTRODUCTION 1 THE SECRET POLICE AND THE ELIMINATION OF BERIA 4 THE SECRET POLICE IN THE MALENKOV-KHRUSHCHEV STRUGGLE 6 THE KGB AND THE " ANTI-PARTY GROUP " 1 1 THE KGB AND " THE ZHUKOV AFFAIR " 1 6 THE REPLACEMENT OF SEROV 2 0 CHAIRMAN SHELEPIN 2 2 THE FALL OF SHELEPIN 2 7 THE 1967 SETTLEMENT 3 0 THE DOWNFALLS OF AKHUNDOV AND SHELEST 3 3 THE RISE OF ANDROPOV 3 7 THE KGB AND THE BREZHNEV - ANDROPOV SUCCESSION 4 3 THE INTERREGNUM 4 6 THE CHEBRIKOV - GORBACHEV ALLIANCE 5 0 THE BREAKDOWN OF THE CHEBRIKOV - GORBACHEV ALLIANCE 5 3 CONCLUSION 6 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY WORKS CITED 68 PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT S This report has been prepared in fulfillment of a contract betwee n the RAND-UCLA Center for the Study of Soviet International Behavior an d the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . The autho r is indebted to both of these organizations for generous financial an d moral support . Sincere thanks also go to , Lilita Dzirkals and Te d Karasik, for their expert research assistance ; to Valerie Bernstein, to r her devoted secretarial services ; to Julia Azrael, for her help as a proofreader and editor ; and to Frank Fukuyama, Harry Gelman, and othe r colleagues who gave me the benefit of their critical comments an d suggestions on a draft version of the text . -
The Autumn of Nations: the Last Days of the USSR, 1987
ODUMUNC 2017 Issue Brief USSR Crisis The Autumn of Nations: The Last Days of the USSR, 1987 by Jackson Harris Old Dominion University Model United Nations Society Introduction Здравствуйте товарищи! Two year ago, in 1985 after adjourn a meeting of the Soviet Politburo, Mikhail Gorbachev emerged as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As the new General Secretary of the Communist Party, he became the most powerful individual in the Soviet Union. He replaced the 74-year-old and long-ailing General Secretary Konstantin Chernenko, third in a rapid series of older leaders to die in office. At the age of 54 Comrade Gorbachev became the first Soviet- born leader of the glorious Soviet Union, the first born after the November 1917 Revolution. He is truly a revolutionary man! The situation Comrade Gorbachev inherits poses special challenges, which embolden his General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Politburo colleagues to trust leadership to an Union (CPSU) Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev speaking at the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, 1987. exceptionally younger comrade. As you are all aware, the West is in continuous war with the In order to right the ship that was the brilliant legacy of our proletarian revolution that faltering economy of the Soviet Union, General gave birth to the largest collective the world has Secretary Gorbachev has instituted a wave of ever seen. Our vast and glorious territories do social and political reforms. Programs such as not come without cost, and we are struggling to the Perestroika (economic restructuring to manage the future of the Soviet economy, the permit individual investment) and Glasnost power of the Motherland and needs of our (openness of information to facilitate private people.