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CONTENTS Contents CONTENTS Contents Conventions and Terminology 6 Introduction 9 8 Rook Endings 11 8.1 Introduction 11 8.2 Rook vs Pawns 14 8.2.1 Hesitation Checks 14 8.2.2 Rook vs Two Pawns 16 8.2.3 Rook vs Three Pawns 18 8.3 Rook and Pawns vs Pawns 22 8.3.1 King Activity 26 8.3.2 Rook Sacrifice 28 8.3.3 Stalemate 29 8.4 Rook and Pawns vs Rook and Pawns 30 8.4.1 Fifth-Rank Cut-Off 30 8.4.2 The Rook Switch 38 8.4.3 Common Error: Rook Behind Passed Pawn 43 8.4.4 Lasker Manoeuvre 45 8.4.5 Common Error: Checking Distance 49 8.4.6 Reciprocal Zugzwang 56 8.4.7 Liquidation to a Pawn Ending 67 8.4.8 Common Error: Promoting Too Soon 73 8.4.9 Stalemate 77 8.5 Rook and Pawn vs Rook 91 8.5.1 Centre Pawn 91 8.5.2 Bishop’s Pawn 94 8.5.3 Knight’s Pawn 97 8.5.4 Rook’s Pawn 99 8.6 Rook and Two Pawns vs Rook 108 8.6.1 Introduction 108 8.6.2 Connected Pawns 109 8.6.2a Blockade 109 8.6.2b One Pawn is Too Far Advanced 120 8.6.2c Stalemate 121 8.6.3 Disconnected Pawns 122 8.6.3a a-Pawn + h-Pawn 122 8.6.3b f-Pawn + h-Pawn 128 4 NUNN’S CHESS ENDINGS 8.6.3c Other Disconnected Pawns 134 8.6.4 Doubled Pawns 148 8.7 Rook and Pawn vs Rook and Pawn 152 8.7.1 The Defender’s Pawn Gets in the Way 152 8.7.2 Pawns on the Same File 155 8.7.3 Pawns on Adjacent Files, Not Passed 161 8.7.4 Pawns on Adjacent Files, Passed 167 8.7.5 Pawns at Least Two Files Apart 171 8.7.6 Transformation to a Queen Ending 178 8.8 Rook and Two Pawns vs Rook and Pawn 183 8.8.1 No Passed Pawns 183 8.8.2 One Passed Pawn 188 8.8.2a The Attacker’s Pawns are Connected 188 8.8.2b The Attacker’s Pawns are Not Connected 191 8.8.3 All the Pawns are Passed 199 8.8.3a The Attacker’s Pawns are Connected 200 8.8.3b The Attacker’s Pawns are Not Connected 213 8.8.4 The Single Pawn has the Advantage 218 8.9 The Outside Passed Pawn 219 8.9.1 The Attacker’s Rook is Behind the Pawn 219 8.9.2 The Attacker’s Rook is to the Side of the Pawn 230 8.9.3 The Attacker’s Rook is in Front of the Pawn 235 8.9.4 Other Cases 242 8.10 Both Sides have Connected Passed Pawns 251 8.11 Miscellaneous Tactical Ideas 264 8.11.1 Triangulation 264 8.11.2 Breakthrough 266 8.11.3 Perpetual Check 268 8.11.4 Mate 269 8.11.5 Positional Draw 271 8.12 Other Ideas in Rook Endings 273 8.13 Four-Rook Endings 286 9 Endings with Rooks and Minor Pieces 289 9.1 Introduction 289 9.2 Advantage of the Exchange 289 9.2.1 Rook and Pawn vs Knight and Pawn 290 9.2.2 More Pawns 294 9.2.3 The Knight has the Advantage 300 9.2.4 Rook and Pawn vs Bishop and Pawn 303 9.2.4a Pawns on the Same File 304 9.2.4b Pawns on Adjacent Files 308 9.2.4c Both Pawns Passed 313 9.2.5 More Pawns 322 9.2.6 The Bishop has the Advantage 328 CONTENTS 5 9.3 Advantage of a Piece 330 9.4 Stalemate 334 9.5 Attacking the King and Mating Ideas 337 9.6 Hesitation Checks 344 9.7 Pawn Promotion 347 Index of Players 349 30 NUNN’S CHESS ENDINGS 2...d3 3 Îf2+ Êe3 4 Îe2+ Êd4 5 Îe8 g3 6 8.4.1 Fifth-Rank Cut-Off Îh8! g2 7 Êf2 d2 8 Îd8+ Êc3 9 Îc8+ is an easy draw. This is one of the most important concepts in 3 Êf1! rook and pawn endings, yet in most books you The only way to draw is to play for stale- will only find it in the section ‘rook vs pawn’, mate. which conceals its wide application. 3...d3 3...g2+ 4 Êg1 Êxe2 is the first of two stale- -+K+-+-+ mates. 4 Îf2+! Ó-Ó W +-+P+-+- 4 Îa2 also draws, but playing for a second -+-+-+k+ stalemate is more forcing. If Black declines the rook by 4...Êe3, White draws with 5 hxg3 fxg3 +-+-+-+p 6 Îf8 d2 7 Îe8+. -+-+-+-+ Summary: +-+-+-+- • Stalemate ideas occur occasionally in end- -+-t-+-+ ings in which only one side has a rook. The trick we saw above (with wÊf1, Îf2 vs bÊf3, T-+-+-+- Ïg3) is a typical stalemating idea which is also important in some positions with Î+Ï vs Î. Here’s the basic idea. If White plays 1 d8Ë? Îxd8+ 2 Êxd8, then 2...Êg5 3 Êe7 h4 4 Êe6 h3 5 Êe5 Êg4 leads to a draw. It’s almost a re- 8.4 Rook and Pawns vs flex to promote and win the enemy rook as soon Rook and Pawns as you can, but it’s wrong here. Instead, White’s only winning move is 1 Îa5!, with a fifth-rank We now move on to the main subject of this cut-off. The first point is that 1...h4 2 d8Ë book: rook endings in which both sides have a Îxd8+ 3 Êxd8 is now a win because if Black rook. The traditional method of covering rook ever pushes his pawn with ...h3, then White endings is to start with rook and pawn vs rook wins it by Îa3 and Îh3. Thus White has time to and then move on to positions with more pawns. bring his king back, with an easy win. The point However, the philosophy behind this book is of Îa5 is to cut Black’s king off and prevent it not to repeat theoretical information which may from supporting the h-pawn. Achieving this is be found in many other endgame books, but to White’s priority and is more urgent than pro- move directly on to the practical implications moting White’s own pawn. of the theory. Accordingly, the first part of this Black can also try meeting 1 Îa5 by 1...Îc2+, section focuses on some ideas which you won’t but then 2 Êb7 Îd2 3 Êc7 reveals a second key find in most theoretical books. Because these feature of the fifth-rank cut-off. If Black contin- ideas are generally not spelt out explicitly, many ues checking by 3...Îc2+ 4 Êd6 Îd2+, then players are unaware of how widespread they White wins with 5 Îd5. This is no accident, but are and so they are often overlooked in over- an inevitable consequence of White’s rook po- the-board play. After exploring these general sition. concepts, I shall move on to an examination of Based on this example, the fifth-rank cut-off different material balances. However, even here hardly looks like a difficult idea, but the above I won’t conduct a case-by-case study; instead, I position is an idealized theoretical example, shall focus on the tricky points and common with all the pieces placed to make it as clear as oversights which often result in these endings possible. It’s deceptive to look mainly at such being misplayed. theoretical examples, in which messy practical ROOK ENDINGS 31 details have been eliminated by careful con- White attempts to drive Black’s king to an struction. Ideas that seem obvious in such sim- inferior position before surrendering his rook. plified positions can easily be overlooked in After 3 Êxg3 Êd3 Black wins precisely be- over-the-board play, where there are often con- cause his rook occupies the f-file so that after 4 fusing alternatives and complex sidelines to Îa2 c3 5 h4 c2 6 Îxc2 Êxc2 White is unable to consider. It is for this reason that this book play his king to f4 as in the previous note. Then deals with practical examples, so that readers Black wins by means of 7 Êg4 Êd3 8 h5 Êe4 9 can gain experience in picking out the crucial Êg5 Êe5 10 Êg6 Êe6 11 h6 Îg1+, etc. elements from irrelevant distractions. 3...Êe3 3...Êc3? 4 Îg2 leads to a draw since Black Due to its importance, we shall look at sev- must waste time before advancing his c-pawn. eral examples in which the fifth-rank cut-off 4 Îg2 plays a crucial role. In the first position there is The key line is 4 Îc2 Îf4+ 5 Êxg3 (after 5 as yet no sign of a cut-off, but Black finds the Êg5 Îf8 6 Êg6 g2 Black wins at once) 5...Îd4! winning idea and executes it precisely. and Black wins because of the fifth-rank cut- off; for example, 6 h4 Êd3 7 Îf2 c3 8 Îf3+ Êc4 9 Îf2 Êb3 10 h5 c2 11 Îf3+ Êb2 12 Îf2 -+-+-+-+ Êb1 13 Îxc2 Êxc2 and White cannot push his B +-+-+-+- pawn as it is simply lost after 14 h6 Îd6 15 h7 Îh6. Therefore Black can just bring his king -+-+-+-+ back to round up the h-pawn. +-+-+-+- 4...Îf4+! 5 Êxg3 c3 The fifth-rank cut-off is decisive just as in -+pm-M-z the note to White’s 4th move.
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