Infection of Lymnaea Truncatula and Lymnaea Glabra by Fasciola

Infection of Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea glabra by Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi in farms of central France Mouna Abrous, Daniel Rondelaud, Gilles Dreyfuss, Jacques Cabaret To cite this version: Mouna Abrous, Daniel Rondelaud, Gilles Dreyfuss, Jacques Cabaret. Infection of Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea glabra by Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi in farms of central France. Veterinary Research, BioMed Central, 1999, 30 (1), pp.113-118. hal-00902562 HAL Id: hal-00902562 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00902562 Submitted on 1 Jan 1999 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. 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Short note Infection of Lymnaea truncatula and Lymnaea glabra by Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi in farms of central France Mouna Abrousa Daniel Rondelauda Gilles Dreyfussb Jacques Cabaretc a Laboratoire d’histopathologie parasitaire, faculté de médecine, 2, rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges cedex, France h Laboratoire de parasitologie, faculté de pharmacie, 2, rue du Docteur Raymond Marcland, 87025 Limoges cedex, France C Station de pathologie aviaire et de parasitologie, Institut national de la recherche agronomique, unité d’écologie des parasites, 37380 Nouzilly cedex, France (Received 27 April 1998; accepted 6 November 1998) Abstract - Natural infection ofB’ml1aea L. and Lymnaeo iruncatula by Fasciola hehatica and/or Paramphistomum daubneyi was studied at two periods of risk (June-July and September-Octo- ber) in I 1 French farms known for their high prevalences ot F. hepatica infection in ruminants. A total of 1 778 L. truncatula and 2 396 L. glabra measuring 6 mm or more in height were collected to determine the prevalence of natural infection with F. hepatica and P. !/aM!M6’v/. The role of four fac- tors, i.e. season, snail co-infection (F. h(,Iiati(!a-P. daubnevi), ruminant host and the existence of single or mixed intermediate host communities, was investigated. There were no differences in preva- leiices between the two risk periods. Co-infections in L. glabra were more frequent than expected. The pi-evalences of infection with F. hepatica or P. daubneyi in L. glabra were higher in farms rearing sheep than in farms rearing cattle. A similar finding was also noted for L. Irul1catula infected with P. daub- l1evi only. L. glabra was a much better intermediate host for F. hepatica and P. elciiibtzen,i when it was the only available snail, possibly indicating an adaptation of parasites to their less usual host in local conditions. The two trematodes preferably developed in L. truncatula rather than in L. glabra when both host species lived in the same places. r0 Inra/Elsevier, Paris. Fasciola hepatica / Lynnaea glabra / Lymnaea truncatula / Paramphistomum daubneyi / natural infection Résumé - L’infestation de Lymnaea truncatula et de Zj’m)Mfa glabra par Fasciola hepatica et Paramphistomum daubneyi dans des fermes du centre de la France. L’infestation naturelle de Lvm- Ilaea g/ahra et de Lvmnac a Iruucatulcr par Fascio/a hepatica et/ou Paral11phis/ol11l1l clnobneyi u été r Correspondence and reprints Tcl.: (33) 05 55 43 58 33! fax: (33) 05 55 43 58 93; e-muil : ;onddaud@pha;ma.unilim.6r étudiée lors de deux périodes à risque (juin juillet et septembre-octobre) dans 1 fermes françaises ayant des prévalences élevées de fasciolose chez les ruminants. Des limnées mesurant 6 mm de hau- teur et plus (1778 L. truncatula, 2396 L. glabra) y ont été récoltées afin de déterminer la prévalence de leur infestation naturelle. Les résultats ont été analysés en tenant compte de quatre facteurs, à savoir la saison, la co-infestation des mollusques par F. hepatica et P. daubneyi, l’espèce du ruminant et le type de peuplement pour les limnées (populations isolées ou colonies mixtes des deux espèces). Il n’y avait pas de différence entre les prévalences notées pour les deux périodes à risque. Les co-infes- tations étaient plus fréquentes que prévues chez L. glabra. Les prévalences notées chez L. glabra étaient plus élevées dans les prairies pâturées par les moutons que dans les pacages à bovins, quelle que soit l’espèce du trématode. Le même fait a été noté également chez L. truncatula infestée par P. daubneyi. L. glabra était un meilleur hôte intermédiaire pour F. hepatica et P. dciubneyi lorsqu’il était le seul mollusque disponible, ce qui indique la possibilité d’une adaptation des deux trématodes à cet hôte inhabituel dans des conditions locales. Fasciola hepatica et P. daubneyi se sont développés préférentiellement chez L. truncatula plutôt que chez L. glabra lorsque les deux hôtes vivaient dans les mêmes pâtures. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris. Fasciola hepatica / Lymnaea glabra / Lymnaea truncatula / Paramphistomum daubueyi / infestation naturelle 1. INTRODUCTION 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the centre of France, cattle are fre- The 1 1 farms were located in seven different quently infected by two trematodes: Fasci- French departments and were grazed by cattle ola hepatica and Paramphistomum daub- (six farms) or sheep (five farms). Table I gives their characteristics. These farms were The of risk are principal neyi. periods high June-July known to have high prevalences of F. hepatica and when the September-October, major- (> 70 % of infected cattle or sheep) and low to ity of cercarial shedding by the snail inter- moderate prevalences of P. daubneyi. On four mediate host occurs. The two trematodes farms ( 14 habitats), L. glabra was the only use Lymnaea truncatula as an intermediate species recovered. On another four farms host (F. hepatica [9], P. daubneyi [3, 6]). (31 habitats), L. truncatula was found alone. Both were observed on the last three is also found in Lymnaea species Lymnaea glabra frequently farms (11 habitats with L. truncatula and four the pastures. It may act as an intermediate with L. glabra). host for both trematodes in experimental Snail was in the different conditions and is infected with F. sampling performed [1] hep- habitats located in the I farms in June-July and atica under natural conditions when L. trun- in September-October 1996. The choice of these catula is not found [2], possibly owing to a two periods was based on the fact that most cer- local adaptation of the parasite. Its suscep- carial sheddings from naturally infected snails tibility could possibly be increased when occurred during these months in central France dually infected with F. hepatica and P. and thus constituted risk periods for ruminants. As the larval forms of F. are more fre- as shown in infec- hepatica daubneyi experimental quent in adults than in juvenile L. truncatula [8], tions We in natural [1]. have, conditions, only snails measuring 6 mm or more in height compared the infection of L. truncatula and were searched visually and collected at each L. glabra in farms where F. hepatica and investigation period. They were dissected under P. daubneyi are available at two periods of a stereomicroscope to detect trematode larval high risk (interaction between parasites). forms and to classify infected snails into four groups: snails infected with F. hepatica only, P. Farms were chosen because of the presence daubneyi only, or both, and snails infected by of isolated populations or mixed communi- other trematode species. Cercaria-containing ties of L. truncatula and L. glabra (interac- rediae of F. hepatica possessed well-developed tion between hosts upon parasite infection). pharynxes, collar rings and pairs of appendages in the third posterior parts of their bodies 19]. In 3.RESULTS contrast, the rediae of P. daubneyi were shorter, with small pharynxes, and their bodies had no Table II the of natural collar or appendages [6]. Free cercariae of F. hep- gives prevalences atica were white-coloured, quick swimming infection in each farm when L. truncatula organisms [9]. The bodies of P. daubneyi cer- and/or L. glabra harboured F. hepatica only, cariae were dark brown and their was swimming P. daubneyi only, or both trematodes. When sluggish [6]. the pastures were colonized by L. truncatula only, the prevalence of infection ranged from The respective prevalences of natural infection 4.6 to 33.0 % for F. hepatica, from 0 to in each group of infected snails were calculated 20.6 % for P. daubtteyi, and from 0 to 5.9 % in each farm and at each A investigation period. for both trematodes. When the pastures were three-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and the inhabited by L. glabra only, the range of Kruskall-Wallis test were used to compare the prevalences of infection with F. hepatica only, prevalences was 4.2-14.5 %, 2.4-23.3 % P. daubneyi only, or both, and to establish the and 1.2-9.3 %, respectively. When both levels of significance. Lyrrtnaea species lived on the same pastures, the prevalences of L. truncatula did not sig- 4. DISCUSSION nificantly differ from those found in the habitats colonized by L. truncatula only, Works by Roberts [4], Rondelaud [5] and whereas the prevalences found in L. glabra Smith [7] demonstrated that in western were lower than 3 %. Other trematode Europe, cercariae of F. hepatica were shed L. truncatula in June or species were also noted in eight L. truncat- by spring-born July, and in after habitat aes- ula (Haplometra cylindracea: from 0 to September-October tivation. The snails collected during these 0.7 %; Notocotylus sp.: from 0 to 1.6 %) two to the same and in 12 L.

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