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Excavations at Keeladi, Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu (2014 ‐ 2015 and 2015 ‐ 16)
Excavations at Keeladi, Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu (2014 ‐ 2015 and 2015 ‐ 16) K. Amarnath Ramakrishna1, Nanda Kishor Swain2, M. Rajesh2 and N. Veeraraghavan2 1. Archaeological Survey of India, Guwahati Circle, Ambari, Guwahati – 781 001, Assam, India (Email: [email protected]) 2. Archaeological Survey of India, Excavation Branch – VI, Bangalore – 560 010, Karnataka, India (Email: [email protected], [email protected], snehamveera@ gmail.com) Received: 29 July 2018; Revised: 03 September 2018; Accepted: 18 October 2018 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 6 (2018): 30‐72 Abstract: The recent excavations at Keeladi have yielded interesting findings pertaining to the early historic period in southern Tamil Nadu. This article gives a comprehensive account of the prominent results obtained from two season excavations. The occurrence of elaborate brick structures, channels, paved brick floors associated with grooved roof tiles, terracotta ring wells in association with roulette ware and inscribed Tamil – Brahmi pot sherds is a rare phenomenon in the early historic phase of Tamil Nadu. The absolute dating (AMS) of the site to some extent coincides with the general perception of the so‐called Sangam period. Keywords: Keeladi, Early Historic, Excavation, Structures, Rouletted Ware, Tamil Brahmi, Ring Well Introduction The multi‐faceted antiquarian remains of Tamil Nadu occupy a place of its own in the archaeological map of India. It was indeed Tamil Nadu that put a firm base for the beginning of archaeological research in India especially prehistoric archaeology with the discovery of the first stone tool at Pallavaram near Madras by Sir Robert Bruce Foote in 1863. Ever since this discovery, Tamil Nadu witnessed many strides in the field of archaeological research carried out by various organizations including Archaeological Survey of India till date. -
Madurai District
CENSUS OF INDIA 2001 SERIES-33 TAMIL NADU DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK Part - A MADURAI DISTRICT VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORY Dr. C. Chandramouli of the Indian Administrative Service Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu CHITHIRAI FESTIVAL Madurai Meenakshi Amman temple takes an important place in celebrating numerous festivals and also attracting a large pilgrims from a" over Tamil Nadu and from many parts of India. One of the famous festival which takes place in April/ May every year called as Chitirai festival that is the celestial marriage of the Goddess Meenakshi to the God Sundareswarar. The God Sundara rajar, the brother of Meenakshi, is carried by devotees in procession from Alagar Koil to Madurai for the wedding rituals. (i i i) Contents Pages Foreword Xl Preface Xlll Acknow ledgements xv Map of Madurai District District Highlights - 200 I XL'C Important Statistics of the District, 200 I Ranking of Taluks in the District Summary Statements from 1 - 9 Statement 1: Name of the headquarters of DistrictlTaluk their rural-urban X'CVl status and distance from District headquarters, 2001 Statement 2: Name of the headquarters of District/CD block, their X'CVl rural-urban status and distance from District headquarters, 200 I Statement 3: Population of the District at each census from 1901 to 200 I -:0..'Vll Statement 4: Area, number of villages/towns and population in District XXVlll and Taluk, 2001 Statement 5: CD block wise number of villages and rural population, 2001 :.\..""'Oill Statement 6: Population of urban agglomerations (including -
M.A. Indian Culture (Semester)
Placed at the meeting of Academic Council held on 26.03.2018 APPENDIX - AU MADURAI KAMARAJ UNIVERSITY (University with Potential for Excellence) M.A. Indian Culture (Semester) CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM REVISED SYLLABUS (With effect from the Academic Year 2018-2019) STRUCTURE OF THE SYLLABUS 1. Introduction Unity in diversity is the basic principle of Indian Culture. The uniqueness of Indian Culture is its spiritual foundation. Satya, Dharma, Shanthi, Prema and Ahimsa are the cultural traditions of ours, through which Moral and Spiritual upliftment of humanity is achieved. The Post Graduate Course in Indian Culture will be focusing on the Cultural Traditions and will be shaping the younger generation with Human Values. 2. Eligibility for Admission: Any graduate of Madurai Kamaraj University or of any university duly recognized by the Association of Indian Universities. Order of Preference: 1) A Graduate of Indian Culture 2) An Arts Graduate 3) A Science Graduate 2.1 Duration of the Programme : 2 Years 2.2. Medium of Instructions : English 3. Objectives of the Programme : Infuse the younger generation - To known about the richer Tradition and Culture of India. To inculcating ethical Spirit and Human values. To understand Character is the most precious gift ofEducation. To realize Unity in Diversity nature of India To create Secularist mind To create awareness about the Cultural monuments. To prepare for the Competitive Examinations and preferably for the Executive Officers in the H.R. and C.E. (Admn) Department. 4. Outcome of the programme Students know the Past Glory of our nation ,which in return make them confident in the world. -
District Statistical Office Sivagangai-630 562
DISTRICT STATISTICAL OFFICE SIVAGANGAI-630 562 PREFACE This handbook is the 31st in the series, presents detailed data and important information at District level and Block level in the form of 185 tables. This handbook seeks to throw light on the development activities in the district. The information presented in this handbook has been collected from various Government Offices, local bodies, Public sector undertakings etc., in the district. A brief note under the caption, Salient Features of the district as well as Block at a Glance together with the 185 Tables presented by the Department of Economics and Statistics given in a nutshell with the significant socio -economic aspects of the district. Due care has been taken to incorporate as much relevant and available information about the district. I take this opportunity to express my heart-felt thanks to The District Collector and all officers of other Departments in this district who readily helped me in furnishing the required data within the prescribed time limit. I also wish to record my appreciation for the sincere efforts taken by all Block Statistical Inspectors and Divisional Assistant Director of Statistics of this district in collecting the required information from various sources and I heartily thank them for preparing this year District Statistical Hand Book. I hope this handbook will be of much use to Government, Planners and Research Scholars. Comments and suggestions for further improvement of this book are welcome from the users of this book. Station: Sivagangai Deputy Director of Statistics Date : Sivagangai District STATISTICAL TABLES CONTENTS 1. Salient Features of the District i – vi 2. -
Reservations of Offices
© [Regd. No. TN/CCN/467/2012-14. GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU [R. Dis. No. 197/2009. 2016 [Price: Rs. 71.20 Paise. TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY No. 209] CHENNAI, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 2016 Aavani 31, Thunmugi, Thiruvalluvar Aandu–2047 Part II—Section 2 Notifications or Orders of interest to a section of the public issued by Secretariat Departments. NOTIFICATIONS BY GOVERNMENT RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND PANCHAYAT RAJ DEPARTMENT RESERVATION OF OFFICES OF THE CHAIRMEN OF DISTRICT PANCHAYATS FOR THE PERSONS BELONGING TO THE SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES AND FOR WOMEN UNDER THE TAMIL NADU PANCHAYATS ACT, 1994. [G.O. (Ms.) No. 102, Rural Development and Panchayat Raj (PR-1) Department, 16th September 2016, ÝõE 31, ¶¡ºA, F¼õœÀõ˜ ݇´-2047.] No. II(2)/RDPR/640(a-1)/2016 Under Section 57 of the Tamil Nadu Panchayats Act, 1994 (Tamil Nadu Act 21 of 1994), the Governor of Tamil Nadu hereby reserves the offices of the Chairmen of District Panchayats for the persons belonging to the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and for Women as specified in the table below:- II-2 Ex. (209) 2 TAMIL NADU GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY THE TABLE RESERVATION OF OFFICES OF CHAIRMEN OF DISTRICT PANCHAYATS Sl. Category to which reservation is Name of the District No. made (1) (2) (3) 1 The Nilgiris ST General 2 Namakkal SC Women 3 Tiruppur SC Women 4 Virudhunagar SC Women 5 Tirunelveli SC Women 6 Thanjavur SC General 7 Ariyalur SC General 8 Dindigul SC General 9 Ramanathapuram SC General 10 Kancheepuram General Women 11 Tiruvannamalai -
Mint Building S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU
pincode officename districtname statename 600001 Flower Bazaar S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Chennai G.P.O. Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Govt Stanley Hospital S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Mannady S.O (Chennai) Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Mint Building S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Sowcarpet S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600002 Anna Road H.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600002 Chintadripet S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600002 Madras Electricity System S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Park Town H.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Edapalayam S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Madras Medical College S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Ripon Buildings S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600004 Mandaveli S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600004 Vivekananda College Madras S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600004 Mylapore H.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Tiruvallikkeni S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Chepauk S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Madras University S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Parthasarathy Koil S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 Greams Road S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 DPI S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 Shastri Bhavan S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 Teynampet West S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600007 Vepery S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600008 Ethiraj Salai S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600008 Egmore S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600008 Egmore ND S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600009 Fort St George S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600010 Kilpauk S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600010 Kilpauk Medical College S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600011 Perambur S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600011 Perambur North S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600011 Sembiam S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600012 Perambur Barracks S.O Chennai -
English on Epigraphy, Monuments, Excavation Reports, District Archaeological Guide Books, Museum Guide Books and Temple Monographs
TOURISM, CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT ART AND CULTURE MUSEUMS ARCHAEOLOGY POLICY NOTE 2019-2020 DEMAND NO. 29 K. PANDIARAJAN Minister for Tamil Official Language and Tamil Culture © Government of Tamil Nadu 2019 INDEX Sl. Contents Page No. No. 1. Art and Culture 1-86 2. Museums 87-106 3. Archaeology 107-134 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY POLICY NOTE 2019-2020 Introduction 3. Archaeology is an experimental discipline concerned with the recovery, systematic description, methodical and analytical study, identification and interpretation of the remains of the ancient humans to obtain a complete picture of their ancient culture as well as society to a possible extent. Objectives of the Department 3.1 The State Department of Archaeology was established in 1961 with the following objectives:- To identify, conserve and preserve ancient and historical monuments. 107 To conduct systematic archaeological explorations and excavations in the historically important sites throughout the State. Documenting the stone inscriptions by copying, deciphering and publishing. Establishing Site Museums. Administrative Structure 3.2 The Department is headed by the Commissioner of Archaeology and supported by Deputy Director, Deputy Superintending Archaeologist, Executive Engineer, Assistant Executive Engineer, Assistant Superintending Epigraphist, Assistant Directors (Regional), Curators, Epigraphists, Archaeological Officers, Pre-Historic Archaeologist and Archaeologist. Path breaking discoveries 3.3 On recommendation of State Department of Archaeology, the Central 108 Advisory Board of Archaeology [CABA] had permitted Sharma Centre for Heritage Education [SCHE], a research institute from Chennai to conduct explorations and excavations at Attirampakkam, Thiruvallur District during the years 1999-2004, 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. These detailed research investigations unravelled the past environments during the Acheulian and Middle Palaeolithic cultures at the site. -
The Hermits of Samanar Hills
The hermits of Samanar Hills Devdutt Pattanaik hikes up a hill in Madurai to map its height in 2,500 years of Jain history in Tamil Nadu Devdutt Pattanaik hikes up a hill in Madurai to map its height in 2,500 years of Jain history in Tamil Nadu I had heard that the nose-ring of Meenakshi, a local manifestation of Parvati, goddess-queen of Madurai, is removed each night as she awaits her consort, Sundareswarar, Shiva, in her jasmine-filled bedchamber. “That ceremony starts only after 9pm,” my friend, an amateur historian, told me. He suggested we use our time to visit the Samanar Malai. Samanar means Jain in Tamil. It is derived from the Sanskrit shramana, which refers to all hermits, not just Jains, or more specifically those who prefer meditation and austerities to Vedic rituals in all matters spiritual. Malai is Tamil for hill. The Samanar stands in the village of Keezh Kuyil Kudi, just 15km outside Madurai, and my friend’s suggestion seemed like a perfect detour. So, after a quick lunch, we drove out of the city. Little did I know that going up and down this hill of hermits would be a journey through 2,500 years of Jain history. A statue of Tamil poet Manikkavasagar from the Pandya period. Photo: Wikipedia Commons As we passed rice fields, I remembered reading reports of recent excavations in the fields of Keezhadi, a village in Sivaganga district, near Madurai, by the Archaeological Survey of India that have revealed structures strikingly similar to those found in the cities of the 5,000-year-old Indus-Saraswati civilization. -
Brief History of Jainism in Madurai Salient Features of the Caves
Brief History of Jainism in Madurai By the close of 4th century BC., the Mauryan King Chandragupta and a group of Jain ascetics led by Sruthakevalin Bhadrabahu, migrated to Sravanabelagola in Karnataka, anticipating a severe famine in their country. Here, they started spreading the gospel of the Tirthankaras. Subsequently, after the death of Chandragupta and Bhadrabahu, their disciples moved south to the Chola and Pandya countries possibly in the beginning of the 3rd century BC. The early Brahmi inscriptions found in Madurai, Pasumpon and Tirunelveli Districts prove beyond doubt the antiquity of Jainism in Tamilnadu much earlier than the 2nd century BC. There are many natural caverns spread in all of Tamilnadu which once served as the abodes of Jaina monks. These caves are found amidst picturesque surroundings where the monks lived in splendid isolation engaging themselves in contemplation and religious pursuits. Some of the main Jain caves found in and around Madurai are Mangulam, Anaimalai, Arittapatti, Alagarmalai, Keelavalavu, Thiruvathavur, Varichiyur, Karungalakkudi, Thirupparankundram, Muthupatti, Kongarpuliangulam, Mettupatti, and Vikramangalam. All these places are about 8kms. to 30kms.These caves represent the earliest lithic monuments in this region containing the earliest epigraphic records in Brahmi characters that are from 2nd century BC to 3rd or 4th century AD. They also provide authentic evidence of the early spread of Jainism in Tamilnadu. Jainism gained momentum, both at the royal and rural levels. During the early 7th century AD, Gnanasambandar, the great Sivaite and Devaram hymnist, caused set back to Jainism and it supposedly resulted in thousands of Jaina followers being persecuted in Madurai. -
History of Tamil Society
History, Culture, Heritage and Socio-Political Movements in Tamil Nadu History of Tamil Society INTRODUCTION Tamil civilization, as we have seen, begins atleast three centuries before the Common Era (CE). As seafaring people, Tamil traders and sailors established commercial and cultural links across the seas and merchants from foreign territories also visited the Tamil region. The resulting cultural and mercantile activities and internal developments led to urbanization in this region. Towns and ports emerged. Coins and currency came into circulation. Written documents were produced. The TamilBrahmi script was adopted to write the Tamil language. Classical Tamil poems were composed. Sources for the study of early Tamil society The sources for reconstructing the history of the ancient Tamils are: 1. Classical Tamil literature 2. Epigraphy (inscriptions) 3. Archaeological excavations and material culture 4. Non-Tamil and Foreign Literature The Classical Sangam Tamil Literature The Classical Sangam corpus (collection) consists of the Tholkappiyam, the Pathinen Melkanakku(18 Major works) and the Pathinen Kilkanakku(18 minor works) and the five epics. Tholkappiyam Tholkappiyam, attributed to Tholkappiyar, is the earliest written work on Tamil grammar. 1 History, Culture, Heritage and Socio-Political Movements in Tamil Nadu Apart from elaborating the rules of grammar, the third section of Tholkappiyam also describes poetic conventions that provide information on Tamil social life. The texts of Pathinen Melkanakku include Pathupaattu(ten long -
A Study About Archaeological Survey in Adichanallur
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 158 Volume-2, Issue-11, November-2019 www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792 A Study About Archaeological Survey in Adichanallur V. Agatha Christy Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Pope’s College, Tuticorin, India Abstract: The Archaeological Survey of India has the main function of exploring, excavating, conserving, protecting the monuments and sites of National and International Importance. Includes: a history of the Survey, latest developments, publications, and contact information. India has an extraordinary rich, vast and diverse cultural heritage in the form of built heritage, archaeological sites and remains since prehistoric times. ADICHANALLUR has a history of excavation. Adichanallur is an archaeological site in Thoothukudi district in Tamil Nadu, India. Fig. 2. The excavated site at Adichanallur in Srivaikundam taluk The town is known locally as Aathichanallur, and has been the site of a number of very important archaeological findings. 2. Archaeological Excavation Keywords: Archaeological Survey In 2004, a number of Skeleton were taken from this area dating from around 1800BC; were found buried in earthenware 1. Introduction urns. More than 160 urns have been found. These urns also The Iron-Age urn-burial site at Adichanallur, about 24 km contained writing, which according to some ASI archaeologist, from Tirunelveli town in southern Tamil Nadu, has attracted rudimentary Tamil Brahmi. The script might date back to cira nationwide attention for three important findings: an inscription 500 BCE, subject to confirmation by carbon-14 dating. Which in a rudimentary Tamil-Brahmi script on the inside of an urn is more reliable. -
Contributions of the Tamils to the Writing Systems of Some South-East Asian Countries
================================================================== Language in India www.languageinindia.com ISSN 1930-2940 Vol. 18:1 January 2018 India’s Higher Education Authority UGC Approved List of Journals Serial Number 49042 ================================================================ Contributions of the Tamils to the Writing Systems of Some South-East Asian Countries Dr. N. Nadaraja Pillai ======================================================================= The Tamilnadu of the period 500 – 1300 AD was ruled by the two great dynasties, namely, the Pallavas of Kanchi from 500 – 900 AD and the Later mighty Chozhas (spelled Cholas also) of Thanjavur from 900 – 1300 AD. These two dynasties have contributed a lot to the art, architecture, religion, language and literature of Tamilnadu, which are unparalleled. The Tamil Brahmi, a separate branch of Brahmi script has developed with the ‘vaTTezhuttu’, an indigenous script mostly used in the Pandiya kingdom of Tamilnadu. Further, it is also a fact that the Tamil Brahmi was in use even earlier to 400 BC attested in the maakkodai silver coin of the Chera kings of Tamilnadu (Nagasamy, 1981). Though it is not the theme of the paper, a context is set, here, to discuss about the Brahmi script of Emperor Ashoka, which is considered as the earliest script (238 BC) and has contributed to the development of Indian scripts. Here is a picture of the inscription of Ashoka (238 BCE), in Brahmi(1) (Nikam and McKeon, 1959). Ashoka's First Rock inscription at Girnar The Poruntal archaeological discovery has proved it beyond any judicious doubt that the inscriptions found on the pot shreds have been dated 5th century B.C. The Adichanallur burial urn inscription has already been deciphered and the language is Tamil.