Water Resources Atlas of Madurai District Contents
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WATER RESOURCES ATLAS OF MADURAI DISTRICT CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION I 2. IRRIGATION OF TANKS AND PONDS IN TAMIL NADU I - III 2.1 Indigenous Water harvesting structure I 2.2 Declining Local Management II 2.3 Village Ponds and Ooranies II 2.4 Tanks becoming an Endangered species II 2.5 Reviving Tank Systems. III 3. PERSPECTIVE PLANNING FOR WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT III - V 3.1 Need for information Systems III 3.2 Need for basic data on Tanks and Ponds in each district III 3.3 Data Collection process and Block-wise compilation of data. III - IV 3.4 Salient Features of Madurai District V 4. NATURE OF DATA AVAILABLE IN THIS ATLAS V 5. PROFILE OF MADURAI EAST BLOCK VI 6. MADURAI DISTRICT PANCHAYAT UNIONS VII 7. MADURAI EAST PANCHAYAT UNION VIII 8. VILLAGE NAMES 001 Kathakinaru 1 - 12 002 Pappankulam 13 - 16 003 Pudupatty 17 - 22 004 Sembiyanendal 23 - 26 005 Arumbanoor Bit I 27 - 34 005A Arumbanoor Bit II 35 - 44 006 Dhuyyaneri 45 - 52 007 Poykkaraipatti 53 - 64 008 Nayakkanpatti 65 - 74 009 Mangulam Bit I 75 - 80 009A Mangulam Bit II 81 - 100 010 Meenakshipuram Bit I 101 - 108 010A Meenakshipuram Bit II 109 - 126 011 Kuruthur Bit I 127 - 142 011A Kuruthur Bit II (Jothiyapatti) 143 - 150 012 G.Pappakulam 151 - 154 013 Kallandiri Bit I 155 - 164 013A Kallandiri Bit II 165 - 180 014 Poovakudi 181 - 184 015 Savalakarrayan 185 - 188 016 Kollankulam 189 - 192 017 Velliankundram 193 - 206 017A Velliankundram Bit (Mathur) 207 - 224 017B Velliankundram Bit (Chettikulam) 225 - 230 017C Velliankundram Bit (Pillucherry) 231 - 238 017D Velliankundram Bit (Andaman) 239 - 248 017E Velliankundram Bit (Appan Thirupathi) 249 - 262 017F Velliankundram Bit (Porusupatty) 263 - 268 018 Ayilankudi 269 - 276 019 Thamaraipatti Bit - I 277 - 288 019A Thamaraipatti Bit - II 289 - 296 020 Perakhur 297 - 302 021 Koddikulam Bit I 303 - 310 021A Koddikulam Bit II 311 - 318 022 Narasingam Bit I 319 - 324 022A Narasingam Bit II 325 - 332 022B Narasingam Bit III 333 - 342 022C Narasingam Bit IV 343 - 356 023 Mangalagudi 357 - 360 024 Uthangudi 361 - 368 025 Managiri 369 - 372 026 Melamaddai Bit I 373 - 376 027 Vandiyoor Bit I 377 - 386 027A Vandiyoor Bit II 387 - 388 028 Elanthaikulam 389 - 396 029 Ulaganeri 397 - 404 030 Rajakemberam 405 - 410 031 Podasapatti 411 - 414 032 Thirumohur 415 - 422 033 Thindyur 423 - 428 034 Dhathankulam 429 - 432 035 Veerapanjan 433 - 438 036 Kathavenendal 439 - 442 037 Poolagulam 443 - 446 038 Kalikappan Bit I 447 - 452 038A Kalikappan Bit II 453 - 458 039 Andarkottaram 459 - 466 040 Segankulam 467 - 474 041 Pappakudi 475 - 478 042 Etchaneri 479 - 480 043 Munda Nayagam 481 - 486 044 Kosavikulam 487 - 490 045 Rajakoor 491 - 500 046 Sivalingam 501 - 506 047 Nattar Mangalam 507 - 510 048 Elangiyanthal 511 - 516 049 Sithahur 517 - 520 050 Panaikulam 521 - 526 051 Kundukulam 527 - 530 052 Poolampatti 531 - 540 053 Valachikulam 541 - 546 054 Thirukanai 547 - 554 055 S. Nedunkulam 555 - 560 056 Varaganeri 561 - 574 057 Vellaikuppan 575 - 578 058 Idaypatty 579 - 598 059 Isalani 599 - 610 060 Paraiyankulam 611 - 614 061 Thatchanendal 615 - 618 062 Karuppukkal 619 - 622 063 Vellankulam 623 - 628 064 Varichiyoor 629 - 642 065 Vallagundu 643 - 644 066 Vidathakulam 645 - 648 067 Athikulam 649 - 652 068 Vilathur 653 - 656 069 Ilamanur 657 - 662 070 Konndapethan 663 - 664 071 Karuppapillaiyendal 665 - 668 072 Sakkimangalam Bit I 669 - 676 072A Sakkimangalam Bit II 677 - 686 073 Sakkudi 687 - 694 074 Karseri 695 - 698 075 Udangundu 699 - 702 076 Kozhikudi 703 - 710 077 Pottapanaiyur 711 - 714 078 Kunnathur Bit I 715 - 728 078A Kunnathur Bit II 729 - 742 079 Alavandan 743 - 746 080 Senkottai 747 - 758 081 Ovalur 759 - 762 082 Kalimangalam 763 - 768 083 Anachiyur 769 - 776 084 Angadimangalam Bit I 777 - 782 084A Angadimangalam Bit II 783 - 784 WATER RESOURCES ATLAS OF MADURAI DISTRICT 1. INTRODUCTION: Water is a prime natural resource. A basic human need. A precious national asset. Critical elements in development planning According to our National Water Policy. Planning and development of water resources and their use needs to be governed by National perspective. It has been estimated that out of the total precipitation of around 400 million ha.m.(4000 billion cu.m.) in the country, surface water availability is about 178 million ha. m. (1780 billion cu.m.). Out of this, only about 50% can be put to beneficial use because of topographical and other constraints. In addition, there is a ground water potential of about 42 million ha.m. (420 billion cu.m.). The availability of water is highly uneven in space and time. Precipitation is confined to only about three to four months with 20-45 significant rainy days in the year. Hence there is an imperative need for effective collection of rain water for storing in appropriate places ( Reservoirs, Lakes, Tanks, Ponds and aquifers) in order to use the stored water efficiently for economical and social purposes. Water as a resource is one and indivisible; rainfall, river water, surface ponds and lakes and ground water are all parts of one system. Water is also a part of the larger eco system. Development & Economic growth inevitably lead to increasing demands for water for diverse purposes viz. domestic, industrial, agricultural, hydropower, navigation, recreation, etc. So far, the principal consumptive use of water has been for irrigation. The demand for water for social and other economic uses is also increasing substantially. As a result, water which is already a scarce resource will become even more scarce in the near future. 2. IRRIGATION TANKS AND PONDS IN TAMILNADU: 2.1 Indigenous water harvesting structures: The irrigation tanks and village ponds of South India are traditional Water harvesting struc- tures indigenously designed by native rulers and chieftains over the past several centuries and have been among the most important water resources for rural communities. Tanks & Ponds : Traditional Water harvesting structure. Situates in drought-prone or low-level tracts. Valuable assets to these communities. multifarious uses - Irrigator. Drinking water for humans - livestock - domestic needs - ground water recharging - firewood and timber production - fish farming, fodder development - silt for agricultural lands. No better advocacy than the following observation made by the English Historian is needed to stress the importance of safeguarding the sustainable use of tank systems to reap continued benefits. I “These are the monuments of real kings, who were the fathers of their people; testators to a posterity which they embraced as their own. These are the grand sepulchres built by ambition of an insatiable benevolence, which not content with reigning in the dispensation of happiness during the contracted term of human life, had strained with all the reachings and graspings of vivacious mind, to extend the domain of their bounty beyond the limits of nature, and to perpetuate themselves through generations, the guardians, the protectors, the nourishers of mankind”. Edmund Burke 1785 on minor irrigation tanks in South India. 2.2 Declining local Management : These minor irrigation tanks, numbering around 39000 in Tamilnadu were formerly controlled by village assemblies. During the medieval period, village communities owned and managed tank systems, collecting cess (water tax), and facilitating land transfers without interference from the state. In the 18th century, the British introduced private land ownership through various settlements and tanks, like other village assets, became the property of the state. Presently in Tamilnadu, rainfed minor irrigation tanks with ayacuts of more than 40 ha and systems tanks ( chain of tanks fed by river diversion systems are under the purview of the Water Resources Organization of Public Works Department, those rainfed tanks with ayacuts of less than 40 ha. are maintained by Panchayat Unions. The latter are greater in number. 2.3 Village Ponds, Ooranies : In addition to the multi – purpose minor irrigation tanks, the village communities have formed small Ponds and Ooranies of their own ( In Tamil, “Oorani” means a water storage for the consumption of the village community ) on need basis with their joint action so as to use them for their cattle and other domestic purposes. They are as old as the village itself. During 1980s, hundreds of Percolation ponds were constructed under various drought relief programmes such as JVVT, EAS etc in each district for the exclusive purpose of recharging ground water by storing the excess run-off during the monsoon seasons to benefit a number of agricultural wells situated in their zone of influence. 2.4 Tanks becoming an Endangered species : In many ways tanks are similar to endangered species . Tank system conditions are deteriorating year by year. The area under tank irrigation in the state has declined from about 10 lakh hectares in 1966-67 to about 6 lakh hectares in 1993-94. The reasons that could be attributed for such a declining situation are; Breakdown of traditional local irrigation institutions caused by centralization Encroachments and siltation in the water spread areas, supply channel and surplus courses. Lack of farmer involvement and improper water use. Urbanisation. System failure. Meagre resource allocation. II 2.5 Reviving Tank Systems : Realizing the urgent need for the revival of the ingeniously designed Tanks and the Ponds as effective water harvesting structures to meet the water requirement for the future generations, a number of national and international agencies are showing interest in rehabilitating the tank systems of the state. A number of research projects are also being undertaken to find out the problems in tank systems and to suggest suitable policy measures for reviving the tank systems. 3. PERSPECTIVE PLANNING FOR WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT : 3.1 Need for Information system : Water is one of the most crucial elements in development planning. Efforts to develop, conserve, utilize and manage this important resource have to be guided by national perspective.