Magic Language: the Transmission of an Idea Over Geographical Distance and Linguistic Barriers
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Summary of the Research Fishery
Kolarctic ENPI CBC - Kolarctic salmon project (KO197) - Report III Summary results from the coastal and fjord salmon fishery in the years 2011 and 2012 in Nordland, Troms, Finnmark and White Sea (Russia): timing of the salmon catches, wild and escaped salmon, sea- and freshwater ages, sex distributions and other biological parameters Eero Niemelä1, Esa Hassinen1, Pauli Aro1, Jari Haantie1, Jorma Kuusela1, Sergey Prusov2, Elena Samoylova2, Tiia Kalske3 (red.), Bente Christiansen3, Juha-Pekka Vähä4, Mikhail Ozerov4, Rogelio Diaz Fernandez4, Vidar Wennevik5, Martin-A. Svenning6, Morten Falkegård6 and Gennadiy Ustyuzhinsky7 1Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute (FGFRI), Teno River Research Station Utsjoki, Finland 2 Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO), Murmansk, Russia 3County Governor of Finnmark (FMFI), Vadsø, Norway 4University of Turku (UTU), Finland 5Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Tromsø, Norway 6Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Tromsø, Norway 7Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (PINRO), Archangelsk, Russia The County Governor of Finnmark, Department of Environmental Affairs Report 1 – 2014 The REPORTs from the Office of the Finnmark County Governor, Department of Environmental Affairs presents results from different works under the governance of the mentioned department. The main aim is to document and to disseminate information on important environmental issues to a broader audience. We highlight that all authors/ contributors in this report are themselves responsible for their own conclusions and evaluations. ISSN 0800-2118 Report no. 1 2014 is mainly published on the internet www.fmfi.no and www.fylkesmannen.no/kolarcticsalmon. Hard copies are produced after request. Printing/ layout: Fylkesmannen i Finnmark For more information concerning this publication contact: Fylkesmannen i Finnmark Miljøvernavdelinga Statens hus 9815 VADSØ [email protected] Cover page photos: Above on the left: bag net in Trollfjord in Tanafjord. -
Witch, Warlock, and Magician, by 1
Witch, Warlock, and Magician, by 1 Witch, Warlock, and Magician, by William Henry Davenport Adams This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Witch, Warlock, and Magician Historical Sketches of Magic and Witchcraft in England and Scotland Author: William Henry Davenport Adams Release Date: February 4, 2012 [EBook #38763] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WITCH, WARLOCK, AND MAGICIAN *** Produced by Irma äpehar, Sam W. and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) Transcriber's Note Greek text has been transliterated and is surrounded with + signs, e.g. +biblos+. Characters with a macron (straight line) above are indicated as [=x], where x is the letter. Witch, Warlock, and Magician, by 2 Characters with a caron (v shaped symbol) above are indicated as [vx], where x is the letter. Superscripted characters are surrounded with braces, e.g. D{ni}. There is one instance of a symbol, indicated with {+++}, which in the original text appeared as three + signs arranged in an inverted triangle. WITCH, WARLOCK, AND MAGICIAN Historical Sketches of Magic and Witchcraft in England and Scotland BY W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS 'Dreams and the light imaginings of men' Shelley J. W. BOUTON 706 & 1152 BROADWAY NEW YORK 1889 PREFACE. -
The Witch-Cult in Western Europe, by 1
The Witch-cult in Western Europe, by 1 The Witch-cult in Western Europe, by Margaret Alice Murray This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: The Witch-cult in Western Europe A Study in Anthropology Author: Margaret Alice Murray Release Date: January 22, 2007 [EBook #20411] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE WITCH-CULT IN WESTERN EUROPE *** Produced by Michael Ciesielski, Irma Špehar and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net THE WITCH-CULT IN WESTERN EUROPE A Study in Anthropology BY MARGARET ALICE MURRAY The Witch-cult in Western Europe, by 2 OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1921 Oxford University Press London Edinburgh Glasgow Copenhagen New York Toronto Melbourne Cape Town Bombay Calcutta Madras Shanghai Humphrey Milford Publisher to the UNIVERSITY PREFACE The mass of existing material on this subject is so great that I have not attempted to make a survey of the whole of European 'Witchcraft', but have confined myself to an intensive study of the cult in Great Britain. In order, however, to obtain a clearer understanding of the ritual and beliefs I have had recourse to French and Flemish sources, as the cult appears to have been the same throughout Western Europe. The New England records are unfortunately not published in extenso; this is the more unfortunate as the extracts already given to the public occasionally throw light on some of the English practices. -
The Witches' Sabbath in Scotland
Proc Soc Antiq Scot 142 (2012), 371–412 THE WITches’ SABBATH IN SCOTLAND | 371 The Witches’ Sabbath in Scotland Laura Paterson* ABSTRACT There are ample surviving references in the witchcraft trial material to indicate that the witches’ sabbath became an important feature of the crime of witchcraft in Scotland. Comparison of the trial material has revealed numerous discrepancies between individual and group accounts of the witches’ sabbath. The frequent inability of the witches to agree upon a time, date or place that the witches’ sabbath took place have indicated that, in the cases studied, the witches’ sabbath was not a genuine historical event. Elite beliefs and ideas about the witches’ sabbath were frequently introduced during interrogations, and certainly left their mark upon the witchcraft records. However, the examination process was often a negotiation between witches and their interrogators, and as such, allowed many witches to incorporate their own beliefs and ideas into their descriptions of the witches’ sabbath. Close reading of the trial material, combined with an analysis of contemporary presbytery records and popular ballads, provides evidence that many witches were drawing upon popular beliefs about fairies, magic and the supernatural, as well as their experiences at real life celebrations and festivities, to compose their descriptions of the witches’ sabbath. The majority of confessions that contain descriptions of the witches’ sabbath are the product of this interrogation and negotiation process, but this research has also explored the possibility that the witches’ sabbath might have been a real visionary experience for some witches, and that these visionary experiences were fantasies induced by psychological trauma, or a waking or sleeping vision similar to those experienced by tribal shamans. -
Diplomarbeit
DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit “Fairies, Witches, and the Devil: The Interface between Elite Demonology and Folk Belief in Early Modern Scottish Witchcraft Trials” Verfasserin Ruth Egger, BA angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra (Mag.) Wien, 2014 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 057 327 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Individuelles Diplomstudium Keltologie Betreuerin: Dr Lizanne Henderson BA (Guelph) MA (Memorial) PhD (Strathclyde) 1 Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank all my lecturers in history who introduced me to the basic theories and methods of historiography, but also to those providing lessons for Celtic Studies who made me aware of the importance of looking beyond the boundaries of one’s own discipline. Their interdisciplinary approach of including archaeology, linguistics, literature studies, cultural studies, and anthropology among other disciplines into historical research has inspired me ever since. Regarding this current study, I specially want to thank Dr. Lizanne Henderson who not only introduced me into the basic theories of methods of studying witchcraft and the supernatural during my time as Erasmus-student at the University of Glasgow, but also guided me during the writing process of this dissertation. Furthermore, I would like to thank the University of Vienna for giving me the chance to study abroad as Erasmus-student and also for providing me with a scholarship so that I could do the literature research for this dissertation at the University of Glasgow library and the National Archives of Scotland. Also, I thank Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Melanie Malzahn for supporting me in acquiring this scholarship and helping me finding a viable topic for the dissertation, as well as Univ.-Doz. -
(Paper) -- Hunting Power Through Witch Hunts in Early Modern Scotland
Portland State University PDXScholar Young Historians Conference Young Historians Conference 2021 May 19th, 2:45 PM - 4:00 PM Session 2: Panel 1: Presenter 3 (Paper) -- Hunting Power through Witch Hunts in Early Modern Scotland Devika D. Narendra Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians Part of the History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Narendra, Devika D., "Session 2: Panel 1: Presenter 3 (Paper) -- Hunting Power through Witch Hunts in Early Modern Scotland" (2021). Young Historians Conference. 16. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2021/papers/16 This Event is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Young Historians Conference by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Narendra 2 “Be ane great storme: it wes feared that the Queine wes in danger upone the seas,”1 read King James VI of Scotland in a letter from Lord Dingwal. 2 The festivities celebrating his recent marriage would have to wait, King James VI needed to ensure his new wife, Queen Anne, would arrive safely in Scotland. King James VI stayed at the Seton House, watching the sea every day for approximately seventeen days, but the Queen did not come. 3 The king would have to retrieve her himself. The sea threw the king’s boat back and forth and rendered him fully powerless against the waves. The King and Queen were lucky to have survived their journey, one of Queen Anne’s gentlewomen, Jean Kennedy, having drowned in the same storm.4 Upon returning to Scotland, King James VI immediately ordered all of the accused witches of the North Berwick witch hunt to be brought to him, believing that the witches caused the dangerous sailing conditions, intending to kill him.5 To protect himself, he tortured and executed witches, prosecuting them for both witchcraft and conspiring against the King. -
Lawrence Normand
EnterText 3.1 LAWRENCE NORMAND Modernising Scottish Witchcraft Texts The process of turning sixteenth-century texts into twenty-first-century printed books that can be readily understood by present-day readers is one that is fraught with the possibilities of error, distortion and falsification. While an editor’s aim is ideally to present early modern texts in an authentic way, the editing process shows the impossibility of achieving that. The more remote the sixteenth-century text is from any recognisably modern form of textuality, the more difficult the process of presenting it to the modern reader while maintaining its specific historical identity. The postmodern idea that literary editors now readily embrace is that an edition of, say, a Renaissance play is one more instance of the play’s reproduction in history which has several forms: theatrical production, critical discussion, canonical location, reproduction in film or television. But that idea is not one that is embraced by historians when they seek to edit historical documents for the modern reader. Historical documents are deemed to be significant and useful to the modern reader in trying to understand the past inasmuch as they still carry upon them the signs of their initial production and context. Literary texts, on the other hand, are usually reproduced in new editions with blithe disregard for their original material form (even if this survives, which in many cases it does not). This essay discusses a case of Normand: Modernising Scottish Witchcraft Texts 227 EnterText 3.1 editing sixteenth-century texts which posed challenges of this sort for the editors. -
North Berwick Witch Trials
North Berwick witch trials ing this and decided to set up his own tribunal. 1 Accused The North Berwick Witches meet the Devil in the local kirkyard, from a contemporary pamphlet, Newes from Scotland. The North Berwick witch trials were the trials in 1590 of a number of people from East Lothian, Scotland, ac- cused of witchcraft in the St Andrew’s Auld Kirk in North Berwick. They ran for two years and implicated sev- enty people. These included Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell on charges of high treason. The “witches” Doctor Fian engaged in necromancy, from Newes from Scotland held their covens on the Auld Kirk Green, part of the modern-day North Berwick Harbour area. The con- [3] fessions were extracted by torture in the Old Tolbooth, The main witches directly involved in the trials were: Edinburgh. The main source for this story was pub- lished in a 1591 pamphlet Newes from Scotland and was • Agnes Sampson subsequently published in King James’s dissertation on • contemporary necromancy titled Daemonologie in 1597. Agnes Tompson This was the first major witchcraft persecution in Scot- • Barbara Naper land, and began with a sensational case involving the royal houses of Denmark and Scotland. King James VI sailed • Doctor Fian (John Cuningham) to Copenhagen to marry Princess Anne, sister of Chris- tian IV, King of Denmark. During their return to Scot- • Ewphame Meealrean land they experienced terrible storms and had to shelter in • Norway for several weeks before continuing. The admiral Geillis Duncan of the escorting Danish fleet blamed the storm on the wife • Robert Grierson of a high official in Copenhagen whom he had insulted. -
I James VI and Diabolical Witchcraft in Early Modern Scotland An
James VI and Diabolical Witchcraft in Early Modern Scotland An Honors Thesis for the Department of History Adam C. Zacharia Tufts University, 2020 i Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………......……1 I. Witchcraft, Folklore, and the Devil in 16th-Century Scotland...................18 II. James VI and the North Berwick Witch Trials…………………………..40 III. Scotland’s “Great Witch Hunts”………………………….......................69 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….....92 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………102 ii Introduction In 1589, King James VI of Scotland set sail from Edinburgh to Denmark to escort his betrothed, the Princess Anne, back to Scotland after a series of storms prevented an earlier ship from bringing Anne across the North Sea. A troubling pattern seemed to emerge, however, when harsh storms again threatened the couple on their voyage back to Scotland, a fact that would hold grave consequences for the nation. Upon learning that Danish officials tried and executed a half dozen witches for bringing about the storms that had threatened James and Anne—storm-magic being a relatively common charge in Scandinavia—James VI found cause to launch his own witchcraft investigation.1 A series of witch trials began several months later in the town of North Berwick, Scotland based on unrelated charges of sorcery and healing, but the eventual confessions of two suspected witches to having been involved in a supernatural plot against the king convinced James that witches had indeed conspired to take his life. From that point on James took a direct role in the prosecution of the North Berwick witches, transporting several suspects to Edinburgh and personally overseeing their interrogations. The treatise that James later wrote on the subject, Daemonologie, provides significant insights into his participation at North Berwick and his interests in accentuating the Devil’s role in witchcraft. -
Invasive Red King Crab Affects Lumpsucker Recruitment by Egg Consumption
Vol. 469: 87–99, 2012 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published November 26 doi: 10.3354/meps09917 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Invasive red king crab affects lumpsucker recruitment by egg consumption Nina Mikkelsen*, Torstein Pedersen Department of Arctic & Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries & Economics, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway ABSTRACT: The invasive red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus preys on lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus eggs. We tested the hypothesis this egg consumption may hamper the recruitment of lumpsucker. Methods applied included field work, laboratory experiments and modelling of egg consumption. Crabs were sampled and feeding behaviour was studied by means of a remotely operated vehicle and SCUBA divers in a field survey carried out in Varanger Fjord, Norway, in 2003. Laboratory experiments were carried out in 2006 to study the digestion of lump- sucker eggs by red king crabs, and a stomach evacuation model was fitted to the experimental data. Using data from the field and laboratory studies, an egg consumption model was used to quantify the amount of lumpsucker eggs consumed by king crabs in Varanger Fjord. The uncer- tainty in model input data was assessed using a Monte Carlo simulation. Sex or sampling area did not significantly affect egg predation. A total of 7.9% of all crab stomachs contained an average of 20 lumpsucker eggs, but the number of eggs per stomach varied widely. The average time required to evacuate lumpsucker eggs at 6°C in the laboratory experiment was ~10 h. In 2003, king crabs in Varanger Fjord consumed lumpsucker roe equivalent to approximately one-third of commercial catches during the same period. -
King James VI and I: Witch-Hunter and Protector of the Realm
Liberty University King James VI and I: Witch-Hunter and Protector of the Realm A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History by Joni Creed June 2020 The Thesis of Joni Creed is approved: _____________________________ _____________________ Dr. Christopher Smith Date Thesis Director _____________________________ _____________________ Dr. Benjamin Esswein Date Second Reader Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter One: A Plot Born of the Sea ………………………………………. 7 Chapter Two: The Renaissance Witch ……………………………………… 16 Chapter Three: “Detestable Slaves of the Devil” …………………………… 26 Chapter Four: Scots Law vs. The Witch ……………………………………. 35 Chapter Five: “God’s Hangman” …………………………………………… 46 Chapter Six: “The Politic Father” …………………………………………… 61 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………… 74 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………. 78 Introduction Witches have fascinated the modern world with their magic and mystery. They have filled the pages of fairytales and recited macabre lines in plays, but fascination with these mysterious beings has not always been so favorable. Before witches were portrayed as wicked stepmothers in children’s stories, they were hunted and burned as the devil’s concubines. The intrigue in witches has played a pivotal role in shaping a centuries old image into a clear-cut narrative. Literature in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries supplied its eager readers with satisfying morsels of superstitious lore including magic, spells, charms, witches, and demons. A defining addition to the European witch-craze was works by demonologists and witch-hunters. The fifteenth-century contributed widely to the cause with the Malleus Maleficarum.1 One of the authors of this piece of witchcraft literature, Heinrich Kramer, was so fully vested in the extermination of witches that he used his own manner of trickery to condemn innocent lives. -
De Norske Partisanene I Finnmark
IFS Info 3/1997 Tønne Huitfeldt . .De norske partisanene i Finnmark 1941 .. 1944 .. i skyggen av den kalde krigen I i I - Innhold Om forfutteren ........................................................................................................................ 4 hmledning ............................................................................................................................... 5 Norske partisaner ......................................................... .......................................................... 5 Den første spionasje ................................................................................................................ 5 Partisanvirksomhetenkommerigang ........................................................................................ 6 østhavet ................................................................................................................................. 7 Opnan-mysteriet ..................................................................................................................... 9 Vest-Finnmark og Nord-Troms .................................................................. :.......................... 10 Mitlernachtsonne mot partisanene i Øst-Finnmark ................................................................ 11 Krigsrettsakene i Kirkenes .................................................................................................... 13 Funkgegenspiel- operasjon Tundra. ..... ... ...... .... ........ ...... ... ... ... ..... ..............