NGSS AND COMMON CORE
PHENOMENA, DRIVING QUESTIONS AND STORYLINE FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS
Phenomenon: Objects can be observed to interact with other objects even when they are not in contact with one another.
Storyline/Flow subsequent activities)subsequent (How an activity(How leads to Engineers solve all sorts of problems. Engineers all sorts solve of problems. there are every problem to be solved, For different tools and scienti f c concepts that One can be used to help design solutions. design scienti f c concept used in many can be used Gravity solutions is gravity. when engineering a transportation system on the Moon. Apollo missions are an example of NASA’s Engineers of gravity. a practical application accounted for gravity in their designs of brought astronauts to the spacecraft that By making use of the engineering Moon. design process and understanding the criteria and constraints of the design task, and able to reach, NASA astronauts were the Moon. return from, When designing solutions to transportation the amount of energy stored in problems, By changing system is important to consider. the energy mass or height, a transporter’s This change is stored in the system changes. potential energy. due to gravitational to learn more Scienti f c investigations about gravity can be conducted on the two seem to affect gravitational variables that simple Beyond mass and distance. force: observations of classroom investigations, gives objects interacting gravitationally gravity is a force-at-a-distance. evidence that force is able to affect gravitational is, That objects if those two interacting objects even are not touching. PE ETS1-1 ETS1-2 ETS1-3 ETS1-4 PS3-2 PS2-4 1, 2 1, 3, 4 3, Activities
(Activity 1) Guiding Questions What approaches can What a be used to solve problem? do engineersHow use a design process problems? to solve (Activity 2) determinesWhat the amount of force gravitational objects? between (Activity 4) How is energy How transferred with a transporter set in motion by gravity? (Activity 3)
Driving Questions How do How engineers solve problems related to gravity? What determines the strength of gravitational forces?
Phenomenon Gravity, Gravity, magnetism, and electricity, electromagnetism are used in designed systems. When an object is released in the it falls to the air, ground.
FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS T7 NGSS AND COMMON CORE
PHENOMENA, DRIVING QUESTIONS AND STORYLINE FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS (continued)
Storyline/Flow subsequent activities)subsequent (How an activity(How leads to The ability for objects to interact without being and can be contact is evidence for, in physical f elds While gravitational f elds. explained by, there are exist around all objects with mass, like magnetic f elds. other types of familiar f elds, can be such as a magnetic f eld, A f eld, sense a f eld’s mapped using tools that a instance, For direction and/or strength. in point will f eld magnetic a in placed compass location. that the direction of f eld at happens if an object is experiencingWhat due to more than one a force-at-a-distance in the direction The object will move f eld? forces are of the stronger force until two Balanced forces from magnetic balanced. f elds can be used to design and gravitational Depending on how transporter. a hovering the magnetic much mass needs to be moved, f eld needs to be strong enough balance force on the transporter. the gravitational transporterDesigning a hovering includes new from tests to create analyzing data solutions. improved PE PS2-5 PS2-3 PS2-4 ETS1-1 ETS1-2 ETS1-3 ETS1-4 5 6 Activities
Guiding Questions How can we visualize a can we How magnetic f eld? (Activity 5) How can magnetic f elds How be used to design a transporter prototype? (Activity 6)
Driving Questions How do How magnetic forces work? can How engineers solve problems using magnetism and gravity? Phenomenon Magnets are to or attracted repelled by other magnets. Gravity, magnetism, and electricity, electromagnetism are used in designed systems.
T8 FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS NGSS AND COMMON CORE
PHENOMENA, DRIVING QUESTIONS AND STORYLINE FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS (continued)
Storyline/Flow subsequent activities)subsequent (How an activity(How leads to While gravitational f elds and magnetic While gravitational they can exertf elds are similar in that a some they also have force-at-a-distance, Magnetic f elds exist important differences. whereas only around magnetized objects, f elds exist around all objects gravitational f elds are only gravitational Also, with mass. whereas magnetic f elds attractive, and always depending on or repulsive can be attractive orientations of the interacting the relative magnetized objects. An important they can aspect of f elds is that An object in a f eld store potential energy. in has potential energy due to its location If an object changes its location f eld. that then the potential energy of in a f eld, object due to the f eld has either increased or decreased depending on if energy was transferred object. to or from that PE PS2-3 PS2-4 PS2-5 PS3-2 7 Activities Guiding Questions What factorsWhat affect the strength of a f eld? (Activity 7)
Driving Questions What are f elds? What Phenomenon Gravity and Gravity magnetism both affect objects at a distance.
FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS T9 NGSS AND COMMON CORE
PHENOMENA, DRIVING QUESTIONS AND STORYLINE FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS (continued)
Storyline/Flow subsequent activities)subsequent (How an activity(How leads to Gravitational and magnetic f elds are not the only Gravitational Electric phenomena are due to electric types of f elds. The everyday experience electricity of static f elds. the propertiesdemonstrates Objects of an electric f eld. electricity to or repelled from with static can be attracted other objects due to electric f elds. An object becomes charged when there is a difference charges and negative the number of positive between a larger A more highly charged object will have on it. object the closer that Also, effect on nearby charges. the larger effect it will have. gets to nearby charges, Charges Electric f elds are a result of electric charges. electric charges Two or positive. can be either negative whereas with the same charge will repel each other, electric two charges with opposite charge will attract electric f elds Like gravity and magnetism, each other. also store potential energy. Engineers transporter can use electric f elds in the hover design in a manner similar to the magnetic hover Electric up on the charges can be built transporter. an electrostatic which provides transporter and track, By testing balances the force of gravity. force that the charge on transporterand manipulating and If the design can be optimized. the transporter’s track, charges can actually be repulsion gets strong enough, causing discharge. forced off of the charged object, electric This is one of the reasons why f elds are not as practical as magnetic f elds in this application. eld, can be mapped using such as a magnetic f eld, A f eld, For direction and/or strength. sense a f eld’s tools that a compass placed in magnetic f eld will instance, location. that point in the direction of f eld at PE PS2-3 PS3-2 ETS1-2 ETS1-3 ETS1-4 PS2-3 PS2-5 PS3-2 11 8, 9, 10 9, 8, Activities
Guiding Questions What determinesWhat the amount and direction of force? electrostatic (Activity 9) effect does an What electric charge have on the space around it? (Activity 10) can the Moon How transporter use an electric f eld? (Activity 11) What are the effects What electricity?of static (Activity 8)
Driving Questions What is static is static What electricity? can we How more generate electricity?static can How engineers solve problems using electric f elds? Phenomenon When a balloon is rubbed on hair, the hair will be to the attracted as balloon even the balloon is pulled away. Gravity, magnetism, and electricity, electromagnetism are used in designed systems.
T10 FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS NGSS AND COMMON CORE
PHENOMENA, DRIVING QUESTIONS AND STORYLINE FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS (continued)
Storyline/Flow subsequent activities)subsequent (How an activity(How leads to elds can cause electric charges to move, Since electric f elds can cause electric charges to move, through wires electric f elds can cause charges to move As electric currentto make electric moves current. a magnetic f eld is produced around through a wire, near a if a magnetic f eld is moved Likewise, the wire. electric creating electric charges startwire, to move, electric between currentThis relationship and current. of electromagnets. for the creation magnetism allows a magnetic f eld only when Electromagnets create Unlike permanentthere is an electric current f owing. their magnetic electromagnets can have magnets, This is a useful property used f eld turned on and off. A stronger by engineers for all types of design tasks. by winding coils with a electromagnet can be built high number of turns of wire per length coil and/or increasing the current through the wire. magnetism between It is because of the relationship and electricity scientists often refer to an that instead of the separate “electromagnetic f eld” more- This larger, magnetic and electric f elds. encompassing f eld interacts with both magnetic and electric f elds and shares properties with each. devices and Electromagnetic f elds are used in many a certain In fact, type use every we day. products that uses as magnetic levitation, known of transportation, their track and trains above electromagnetism to hover high speeds along the track all while in them at move such as electromagnetic Fields, f eld. a gravitational are useful in designing a transporter and gravitational, on the Moon where one of constraints is that cannot be used. combustion PE PS2-3 PS2-5 ETS1-4 12, 13, 14 13, 12, Activities
Guiding Questions How can an How electromagnet be used to design a rescue device? (Activity 13) do electricHow and electromagnetic f elds work? (Activity 14) What is the What relationship electric between and magnetic f elds? (Activity 12)
Driving Questions How are electricHow f elds and magnetic f elds related? Phenomenon Metals that are Metals that not magnetic can be affected by magnets, moving and moving charges can magnetic generate f elds.
FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS T11 NGSS AND COMMON CORE
PHENOMENA, DRIVING QUESTIONS AND STORYLINE FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS (continued)
Storyline/Flow subsequent activities)subsequent (How an activity(How leads to To choose the best design from proposed To scientists and engineers solutions, compare possible solutions to systematically they meet the criteriasee how and constraints It is these systematic of the challenge. engineers allow processes that and scientists solutions before and improve test, to develop, deciding on a f nal design. PE ETS1-2 ETS1-3 15 Activities Guiding Questions Which is the best design for the Moon transporter? (Activity 15)
Driving Questions How can How engineers solve problems using electricity, and magnetism, gravity? Phenomenon Gravity, Gravity, magnetism, and electricity, electromagnetism are used in designed systems.
T12 FIELDS AND INTERACTIONS