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Análisis De La Gestión Institucional Del Turismo De Naturaleza En La Provincia Del Tequendama

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Análisis De La Gestión Institucional Del Turismo De Naturaleza En La Provincia Del Tequendama ANÁLISIS DE LA GESTIÓN INSTITUCIONAL DEL TURISMO DE NATURALEZA EN LA PROVINCIA DEL TEQUENDAMA LAURA MICHELE PÉREZ CRUZ LUISA XIMENA PIMIENTO PORTILLA ANA MARINA RODRÍGUEZ PRIETO UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS ESPECIALIZACIÓN EN AMBIENTE Y DESARROLLO LOCAL BOGOTÁ D.C. FEBRERO, 2020 ANÁLISIS DE LA GESTIÓN INSTITUCIONAL DEL TURISMO DE NATURALEZA EN LA PROVINCIA DEL TEQUENDAMA LAURA MICHELE PÉREZ CRUZ Código 20191114018 LUISA XIMENA PIMIENTO PORTILLA Código 20191114019 ANA MARINA RODRÍGUEZ PRIETO Código 20191114021 Trabajo de grado como requisito para optar por el título de Especialista en Ambiente y Desarrollo Local Director: Helmut Espinosa García Ingeniero Forestal Esp. Planificación del Desarrollo M. Sc. Maestría en Desarrollo Rural UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS ESPECIALIZACIÓN EN AMBIENTE Y DESARROLLO LOCAL BOGOTÁ D.C. FEBRERO, 2020 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, agradecemos a Dios, a nuestras familias, a cada uno de los colaboradores de este proyecto y a la Facultad de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Especialmente, queremos expresar nuestro inmenso agradecimiento al director Helmut Espinosa García por la oportunidad, la confianza, la invaluable dedicación y el compromiso en el desarrollo del presente proyecto, deseándole éxito y el mejor de los augurios en su trayectoria profesional. 3 DEDICATORIA A mi madre por darme su ejemplo de trabajo, honradez y amor incondicional. A mis hermanos, abuelos y familia por ser la prueba del infinito amor de Dios hacia mí. A mis compañeras, que contribuyeron al logro de este objetivo de forma solidaria y amena, haciendo memorable el camino. Luisa Ximena Pimiento Portilla Inicialmente deseo dedicarles este trabajo a mi familia y amigos, que siempre creyeron en mis capacidades y me alientan a seguir adelante. A Dios por ser el artífice de grandes logros, estar a mi lado en cada paso que doy y permitirme culminar ciclos con todo éxito. A mis compañeras, Luisa Ximena Pimiento Portilla y Ana Marina Rodríguez Prieto, valió la pena luchar juntas por una meta, nos queda la satisfacción del deber cumplido. Si algo aprendí y me quedo como lección de vida, es que todo lo que nos ocurre tiene un por qué; cada persona o circunstancia nos aporta, solo si decidimos aprender de ellos. Laura Michele Pérez Cruz Al motor de mi vida mi mamita Nelcy Prieto, por darme su incondicional amor y apoyo en todo lo que me he propuesto. Al mejor hombre del mundo mi hermano por enseñarme que en la vida nada es fácil, pero con dedicación y amor se puede lograr todo lo que sueñe. A Dios por darme la fortaleza y las capacidades para lograr este objetivo. A mis compañeras de trabajo de grado por su compromiso porque sin el equipo que formamos, no hubiéramos logrado esta meta. Ana Marina Rodríguez Prieto 4 Resumen El crecimiento exponencial de las actividades turísticas a nivel mundial en las últimas décadas ha posicionado al sector como una de las principales herramientas de desarrollo local, esto implica que hay que avanzar en la revisión de los procesos que regulan estas actividades y más cuando se involucran aspectos como el uso de los espacios naturales, como es el caso del turismo de naturaleza. Por lo cual, esta propuesta de investigación constituye un elemento fundamental en el análisis de los comportamientos regulatorios del turismo de naturaleza en cinco municipios de la Provincia del Tequendama: Cachipay, El Colegio, La Mesa, San Antonio del Tequendama y Viotá. Inicialmente se establecieron cuáles son las prácticas del turismo de naturaleza desarrolladas, identificando los puntos de interés turísticos, la oferta sectorial y los operadores y prestadores turísticos presentes en la zona. Posteriormente se consolido en una matriz de análisis las acciones de gestión realizadas por los actores institucionales nacionales, regionales y locales, lo que permitió trazar la operatividad, los vínculos y las limitantes de la gestión del turismo de naturaleza en el área de estudio, a partir de lo cual se construyó un mapa de relaciones que conceptualiza el contexto institucional mediante el cual se concibe la gestión del turismo de naturaleza en la Provincia. Finalmente, se evaluó el desempeño institucional de la gestión del turismo de naturaleza en el área de estudio, mediante la triangulación de la información recopilada en la matriz de acciones institucionales, el mapa de relaciones y los 12 criterios GSTC de la categoría “Demostrar una gestión sostenible efectiva” fundamentados en 26 indicadores de evaluación, como la línea base para determinar si una organización funda prácticas sostenibles. De manera paralela, se calificó cuantitativamente el desempeño institucional mediante el método scoring, considerado los efectos acumulativos de las actividades desarrolladas en los niveles administrativos nacionales, regionales y locales que influyen en cada municipio. En conclusión, desde el análisis del desempeño institucional se evidenciaron puntos críticos en la gestión del turismo de naturaleza del área de estudio, que constituyen un aporte a los modelos de evaluación institucional para la construcción de un marco funcional que garantice la sostenibilidad del turismo de naturaleza en la Provincia del Tequendama. Palabras Claves: Turismo de Naturaleza, Gestión Institucional, Evaluación Institucional, Criterios de sostenibilidad, Provincia del Tequendama. 5 Abstract The exponential growth of tourism activities worldwide in recent decades has positioned the sector as one of the main tools of local development, this implies that progress must be made in the review of the processes that regulate these activities and more when aspects are involved as the use of natural spaces, as is the case with nature tourism. Therefore, this research proposal constitutes a fundamental element in the analysis of the regulatory behaviors of nature tourism in five municipalities of the Tequendama Province: Cachipay, El Colegio, La Mesa, San Antonio del Tequendama and Viotá. Initially, the nature tourism practices developed were established, identifying the tourist points of interest, the sector offer and the tour operators and providers present in the area. Subsequently, the management actions carried out by the national, regional and local institutional actors were consolidated into an analysis matrix, which allowed to trace the operability, the links and the limitations of the management of nature tourism in the study area, starting from which a map of relationships that conceptualizes the institutional context through which nature tourism management is conceived in the Province was constructed. Finally, the institutional performance of nature tourism management in the study area was evaluated, through the triangulation of the information collected in the matrix of institutional actions, the relationship map and the 12 GSTC criteria of the category “Demonstrate effective sustainable management” based on 26 evaluation indicators, as the baseline to determine if an organization bases sustainable practices. In parallel, the institutional performance was quantitatively rated using the scoring method, considering the cumulative effects of the activities carried out at the national, regional and local administrative levels that influence each municipality. In conclusion, from the analysis of the institutional performance, critical points in management were evidenced of nature tourism of the study area, which constitute a contribution to the institutional evaluation models for the construction of a functional framework that guarantees the sustainability of tourism Nature in the Tequendama Province. Keywords: Nature Tourism, Institutional Management, Institutional Evaluation, Sustainability Criteria, Tequendama Province. 6 TABLA DE CONTENIDO Introducción ............................................................................................................................. 11 Planteamiento del problema ..................................................................................................... 12 1. Objetivos ........................................................................................................................... 15 1.1. General ...................................................................................................................... 15 1.2. Específicos ................................................................................................................ 15 2. Marco referencial .............................................................................................................. 16 2.1. Antecedentes investigativos ...................................................................................... 16 2.2. Marco legal ................................................................................................................ 18 2.3. Marco conceptual ...................................................................................................... 20 3. Caracterización del área de estudio .................................................................................. 22 3.1.1. Sistema social..................................................................................................... 22 3.1.2. Sistema construido ............................................................................................. 24 3.1.3. Sistema económico ............................................................................................ 30 4. Metodología .....................................................................................................................
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