ARGONAUTA

The Newsletter of

The Canadian Nautical Research Society

Volume XVI Number Four October 1999 ARGONAUTA

Founded 1984 by Kenneth MacKenzie ISSN No. 0843-8544

Editors Bill Schlielauf Maurice D. Smith

Argonauta Editorial Office Marine Museum ofthe Great Lakes at Kingston 55 Ontario Street, Kingston, Ontario K7K 2Y2 e-mail [email protected] Telephone: (613) 542-2261 FAX: (613)542-0043

ARGONAUTA is published four time a year-January, April, July and October

The Canadian Nautical Research Society

Executive Officers President: William Glover, Ottawa Past President: G. Edward Reed, Ottawa Vice-President: Christon I. Archer, Calgary Vice-President: William R. Glover, London, ON Councilor: Gerald Jordan, Toronto Councilor: James Pritchard, Kingston Councilor: Maurice D. Smith, Kingston Secretary: Richard Gimblett, Ottawa Treasurer: Greg Hannah

Canadian Nautical Research Society Mailing Address Membership Business P.O. Box 55035 240 Sparks Street, Ottawa, Ontario, KIP IAI

Annual Membership including four issues ofARGONAUTA and four issues of THE NORTHERNMARINER/LE MARINDUNORD: Individuals, $35.00; Institutions, $60.00; Students, $25.00 October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 1

In this Issue

Council Comer 1 Editorial 3 Notice ofCNRS AGM, 8-10 June 2000 4 Museum News 5 Letters and Notes 5 - Jim Pritchard "Jacques Cartier's Haven" 6 Comment - Calendar ofMaritime Anniversaries 6 Articles - William Glover "Nautical Nostalgia" 8 - Doug Maginley "An Introduction" 11 - William Schleihauf "The Remains of HMCS Chedabucto" 15 Conferences and Calls for Papers 19 The Periodical Literature 20

Council Corner book review editor. Olaf became the book review editor ofArgonauta in 1990, at a time In writing my first Council Comer when it was our only publication. Since the column as the new President of CNRS let me debut ofNorthern Mariner he has been its only first acknowledge the work ofthose who have book review editor. Unfortunately he has gone before me - the founding president, Keith advised the Editorial Board and Council that he Matthews, Gerry Panting, Barry Gough, Alec will have to pass that task on to someone else. Douglas, Faye Kert and Ed Reed. Without their Olaf, we are all sorry to see you move on, but vision, leadership, and persistence we would wish to express our very real thanks for your not today have a society with nearly three tremendous service. A sub-committee of the hundred members, including eighty-one from Editorial Board has been formed to search not twelve foreign countries, a well regarded for a replacement, (for we all know that there is academic journal, and a very good membership only one Olaf), but for someone who will take newsletter. on the task of offering us intriguing books to review, and then chivying us to produce the But societies such as ours do not happen review within a year of the original promised because ofthe president alone - there are many date. workers in the trenches. OlafJanzenis one such worker whose contributions to the society must In the last issue of Argonauta it was also be recognized. Not only did he organize a announced that Mike Hennessy had to step truly splendid conference at ComerBrook, held aside as co-editor ofthe newsletter because of in conjunction with the Association for the the press of other duties. To him too we all History ofNorthern Seas, but he has been our offer our very sincere thanks for stepping into a October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 2

breach at Kingston andhelpingwithArgonauta. beenreceiving from the MemorialUniversityof At Comer Brook Bill Schleihaufagreed to join Newfoundland forced us to implement several the team. Close readers of Northern Mariner cost measures and also to recommend an will have noted that in every volume he has had increase inourannual subscriptionrates. This is at least one book review, and in some years, a never done easily, but as both Ed pointed out in review in each issue. He is a keen diver - indeed his column and several American members at his presentation at Comer Brook about the loss the AGM reiterated, the proposedincreased fees ofHMS Vanguard, a dreadnought built in 1909 are still lowerthan those for comparable British that rests at the bottom of Scapa Flow as a and American societies, and we offer both a result ofan internal explosion, included one of referred journal and a society newsletter ­ his underwater photographs. I am sure that as a something not done by other societies. After a co-editor of Argonauta Bill will expand the thorough airing of the question, the AGM horizon oftopics covered. Welcome aboard! approved the proposed subscription increases. This challenge highlights the need for the There is another new face to be society to undertake fund raising activities of introduced and welcomed to CNRS. Some our own so that we will be able to cushion members may be aware that we have had increases in the Society's operating expenses difficulty in the Treasurer department recently. without having to pass them on directly to Ifcheques were not cashed, ortax receipts slow members through fee increases. I am taking this to come out, we are sorry, but now things on personally as my "task" during my tenure in appear to be in hand. Lieutenant-Commander the President's chair. Because of work done Greg Hannah has joined CNRS to become the yesterday, CNRS is "all right" today. We must Treasurer. Greg has a wide range ofexperience continue the work for tomorrow. You will hear afloat and ashore, in Canada and on exchange more! with the Royal Navy. Over the course of the summer he was posted from the Maritime Staff Animportantpart ofevery society is the in Ottawa to teach at the Royal Military continuing renewal ofthemembership base. We College, Kingston, in the Continuing Studies can all help with that. Suggest to a friend with Department. So, while he is sorting out new similar interests that they might want to join, or courses and lectures, he is also coming to grips give a subscription as a Christmas or birthday with our books. present. (By the time you receive this, you may well be scrambling for gift ideas.) Ifthe library The annual general meeting was held in you normally use does not have Northern Comer Brook at the conclusion of a very Mariner, talk to the librarian about a directed successful and enjoyable conference. It was gift of an institutional subscription, for which attended by approximately by thirty members. you would get a tax receipt. (If the librarian Ed Reed, in his last Council Corner column as would say "yes", but he/she likes complete president, outlined the challenges that the runs, back issues are available.) Council debated at the January executive meeting and the recommendations that would Finally, members will rememberthat for be brought forward at the AGM. The several years nowwehave had a ''New Scholars curtailment of financial support that we have Award" in the form ofa travel bursary for the October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 3

recipient to present a paperat ourconference. In members, who spurred me into doing active January, as Ed Reed reported, Council decided research. This willingness to bring outsiders to name the award in honour ofGerry Panting. into the fold is an important part of the This year's Panting Ward recipient was Brad Society's ethos, and one ofthe reasons for my Shoebottom. He is completing an MA at the wanting to contribute something in return. My University ofNew Brunswick. His paper was a interests are primarily naval, of the period verynice biographical study ofGaius S. Turner, c1880-1945, and more by chance than design a small ship owner in Harvey Bank, New currently revolve around Royal Navy gunnery Brunswick. Turner's active business career during the First World War. As well, I am one spanned the 1870s to 1890s. Thus he was of the many members who are keen wreck confronted with the challenges ofthe transition divers. from sail to steam, wood to steel, and competition from railways. Watch for this and Argonauta is more than a mere other papers in the coming issues ofNorthern newsletter. Certainly it is an important Mariner. purveyor of news - of the CNRS itself, the members, and pertinent organisations. Itis also Bill Glover a publication that has carried some fascinating studies on a wide assortment oftopics. For it to Editorial stay on course, there is but one requirement: contributions. From you, the reader. Yes, you ­ It is with some trepidation that I appear the person holding Argonauta right this on the decks of Argonauta for the first time, moment. Let us know about your publications costumed as the new co-editor. Although one and activities: take the time to send in the might expect that the signing ofShip's Papers Information Sheet on the back cover. And look took place in a seedy dockside tavern, it should over the various projects that you mean to work be placed on record that the transaction took on, "someday". They may be a long way from place on a minibus during the August 1999 finished, but you could be sitting on nuggets Conference in Newfoundland. Nor was any that are ofgreat interest to other members, who persuasion ofthe liquid sort required (but it was in turn might be able to provide a few pieces of pointed out that with the application ofa little critical, hard-to-fmd information. To start the imagination, there should be plenty of ball rolling, later in this issue you will find a opportunity to visit Kingston and thus occasion small piece on one of Canada's lesser-known to indulge in a particular species of hops­ war losses, HMCS Chedabucto. flavoured beverage which can be had nowhere else). Bill Schleihauf [email protected] First, a word of introduction. I am a purely avocational maritime historian, who has only recently made the jump from simple 'consumer' ofhistory to 'producer', albeit on a very small scale. To a large degree, this is thanks to the encouragement ofseveral CNRS October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 4

THE CANADIAN NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY

Annual Conference and General Meeting 8-10 June 2000 Ottawa, Ontario

Call for Papers Maritime Moments ofthe Millennium

• Papers are submitted with the reasonable expectation ofpublication, with first right ofrefusal in The Northern Mariner / Le Marin du nord, the journal ofthe Society.

• Ottawa, as the nation's capital, is a popular destination with many attractions for tourists. Although no formal excursion package is planned, information will be made available to those attending. The conference will be held at the Naval Reserve Establishment, Her Majesty's Canadian Ship (lIMCS) Carleton, situated on Dow's Lake ofthe historic Rideau Canal. The programme is anticipated to include a canal boat tour, an evening boat cruise of the Ottawa River, a semi-formal banquet, and (time permitting) a workshop session to the national Museum ofScience and Technology.

• The Gerry Panting New Scholar Award is a bursary to defray travel expenses, available to a presenter with less than five years experience in maritime studies. Applications (with c.v.) should accompany submission ofproposal.

• Proposals by 31 March 2000 to:

Richard H. Gimblett 49 South Park Drive Blackburn Hamlet, Ontario, CANADA KIB 3B8

(613) 830-8633 (home) (613) 945-0635 (work) (613) 945-0688 (fax)

e-mail: [email protected] October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 5 Museum News offPort Dalhousie.

Marine Museum ofthe Great Lakes The Pier - Toronto's Waterfront Museum

The Millennium Bureau ofCanada has AnOntario Heritage Foundation plaque awarded the Marine Museum ofthe Great Lakes marking the Noronic disaster was unveiled on $127,500.00 for the Great Lakes Maritime the Toronto waterfront by The Pier. During the Heritage Centre. This funding when combined weekend of September 17-19 the museum withover $300,000.00 inprivate funds currently hosted a variety of events connected with the committed to the Centre will allow the museum disaster. to proceed with the most technically demanding part ofthe project - the re-commissioning ofthe In the early morning hours of Drydock and the placement ofthe museum ship September 17, 1949 a fire aboard the Great AlexanderHenry in the drydock dry. ArtNorris, Lakes passenger ship Noronic, docked at Chairman ofthe Board says, "It was the private Toronto claimed the lives of119 people. A fire support" he said, "that finally brought the in a locked linen closet erupted into a blazing Millennium Bureau on side". inferno while most ofthe ships 525 passengers slept in their cabins. Crew members, Phase one includes improved visitor firefighters, police and passers-by bravely facilities at the Marine Museum, the museum attempted to rescue trapped passengers. Some ship Alexander Henry and the Pump House escaped to safety by the ships only passenger Steam Museum. gangway. Others climbed down ropes, jumped int the harbour or onto the dock. Hamilton-Scourge Project Letters and Notes The Hamilton City Council has authorized the Department of Culture and Kenneth Mackenzie the first editor of Recreation to seek Expressions of Interest to Argonauta starts his quick note in the familiar create a Public/Private Partnership to raise $1.3 and welcome style. "I read your plea for million to match a CanadianHeritage cost-share assistance with interest & sympathy! Ifthere is grant to carry out the Hamilton-Scourge Ghost anything a computer illiterate can do, just give Ships Millennium Project. me a call".

The project will provide the City of Ye editors will try to put Ken to work Hamiltonwith critical information necessary for by asking him to become our western realizing a long-range, comprehensive plan for correspondent. Ken is well suited for the task the management and conservation of the two since he continues his "Maritime Musings" internationally significant War of 1812 column for Canadian Sailings. Ken can be shipwrecks, the USS Hamilton and the USS found at 151 Castle Cross Road, Salt Spring Scourge. On August 8, 1813, the two schooners Island, BC, V8K 2G2. were sunk in a squall on Lake Ontario. The ships lie in 100 metres at the bottom ofthe lake, October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 6

Ashes and sackcloth for the editor. It was Art Re-reading H.P. Biggar's annotated Harris who offered comments to Bill Glover on edition of The Voyages of Jacques Cartier, his Canadian Heritage Calendar of Maritime (Ottawa, 1924) reveals, however, that Cartier Activities not Dan. sailed passed St. Anthony harbour during his first voyage. After sighting Newfoundland at Bill Glover's Calendar of Maritime Cape Bonavista on 10 May 1534, pack ice Anniversaries can be found atwww.marmus.ca. forced him to take refuge in Saint Catherine Use the Research link to take you there. harbour, now called Catalina harbour, about twenty kilometres south of the cape. Cartier Josh Spencer commenting on the remained there ten days awaiting better review ofA Sailor's Scrapbook in the Northern weather and fitting out his ships' long boats. Mariner: Catalinaharbour, not St. Anthonywas Cartier's haven, or at least his first one. "Many thanks for your letter enclosing JohnMckay's review ofourpublication. I found CNRS members who spent the night on it both informative and fair - what more could QuirponIsland about 25 kilometres northofSt. any publisher desire? Anthony were closer to Cartier's haven, "Sadly I must report that Captain Philip Cartier's encounter with icebergs at the Nankin, a great personal friend and collaborator entrance to the Strait ofBelle Isles on 27 May on the book, 'crossed the bar' unexpectedly on forced him to seek shelter in Quirpon Harbour Sunday 25.7.99. This was a great loss to our where he and his ships remained anchored for tiny group of Cape Homers and square-rig thirteen days! sailors here in South Africa". CartierpassedbyNewfoundland during For current prices ofthe book he sends his second voyage, but in 1541 during his third the following web address: voyage, his five ships which became separated http://www.nis.za/lawhil1/brochure.htm during a terrible three-month crossing of the North Atlantic, met up again at the "Haven of Jacques Cartier's Haven Carpont" in Newfoundland. Those of us who by Jim Pritchard did not know how to pronounce Quirpon may not know where "Carpoon" comes from. Members ofthe CNRS who attended the annual meeting ofthe society at Comerbrook in Comment August andjoined the excursion to Red Bay and Anse aux Meadows may have wondered about The Canadian Calendar the picture ofJacques Cartierinthe dining room ofMaritime Anniversaries ­ ofThe Haven Inn at St. Anthony where many The First Additions spent the night. Did Jacques Cartier find a safe harbour there as is clearly inferred from boththe The last issue ofArgonauta included a imaginary portrait of the great explorer that letter from Art Harris. He had three most graces the wall ofthe motel dining room and the welcome comments for the Calendar. motel's name? October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 7

First, hewondered about the inclusionof entry for that date, the information can easily 1 February 1968 as the date ofunification ofthe be included under the June 26 entry. (Although Canadian Forces, thus marking the end of the it is the second entry for that date, June is Royal Canadian Navy. If! am to be the editorial otherwise a "short" month.) custodian ofthe Calendar, I am inclined to say no. My reason is that I generally had only one I am pleased to be able to offer some date for a person, birth, death, or significant additions. First in order of suggestion, comes event. With respect to services, the RCNVR and from Michael Barkham. Anelect group indeed, the WRCNS only have dates ofestablishment. in the minibus on the excursion trip from the Certainly within current practice, today's navy CNRS conference at ComerBrook had several remembers 4 May 1910, and I am unaware of extra side trips. One ofthese was offthe main any Canadian Forces unit that commemorates 1 road on the Labrador coast and down into the February. Therefore I think the date of a hamlet ofWest St. Modeste Bay. Michael told "demise" might be omitted. Are there any other us that off the Bay, on 25 July, the Feast Day opinions on this? of St. James the Greater, (not the brother of Christ), in 1554 was fought what was probably Second, on the question of whether in the first sea battle in North American waters. 1942 the Cunard passenger linerthat entered the French Basque whalers, enjoying numerical Esquimalt graving dock was or was not the superiority over the Spanish Basque whalers, "RMS" Queen Elizabeth, I referred back to my whose numbers had ben depleted to augment source, Major F. V. Langstaff, the highly the royal armada of Philip of Spain when he regarded local historian of the area. His entry went to England to marryMaryTudor, (Bloody spoke of"the Cunard steamer." I shall therefore Mary), Queen ofEngland, fought the Spanish delete the "RMS" appellation. I wonder if for access to the rich whaling grounds. someone knowledgeable about the Cunard line or the distinction "RMS" could tell us when the Other suggestions come from Alan Queen Elizabeth was so designated. Ruffman. He had noted in his Northern Mariner article (Vol VI, No 3, July 1996, pp. Finally, to his suggestion that the entry 11 - 23) that "there are good reasons to try to about the opening of the St Lawrence Seaway understand the full range of natural should make a distinction between heads of catastrophes that beset a nation from time to state and heads ofgovernment, I agree entirely. time, for it is through these extreme events that I have adopted his proposed change amended we can seek guidance in building defenses by electronic copy to read "The St. Lawrence against future occurrences. By knowing the Seaway was officially opened by HM Queen highest storm surge, strongest winds, thickest Elizabeth II and President Eisenhower, ice or highest wave, we are better able to accompanied by Prime Minister Diefenbaker." design societal barriers and emergency To be consistent with my argument against responses." Accordingly, at his suggestionI am including 1 February 1968 as the date ofdemise including: of the RCN, I suppose we should remove 20 April 1959, the day the Seaway opened for 11 September 1775: The Great Hurricane of11 commercial traffic. As the Seaway is the third -12 September struck the Saint Pierre Bank October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 8 along with the south and northeast coasts of Ifpeople think my rough guidelines ofwhat to Newfoundland. More than 2,000 lives were lost put in, as outlined either in my discussion of1 inwhat is probably Canada's most tragic marine February and the services unification, or from disaster. (The hurricane is described in his NM what they deduce in the entries, please article.) comment. For those who are wondering what will become ofit all, an electronic form will be 4 October 1869: Record high storm surge during posted from time to time on the web site ofthe a tropical cyclone, known as the Saxby Gale, Marine Museum of the Great Lakes. When especially in the upper Bay ofFundy where the CNRS gets its own web site, I hope it will be high water rose at least two metres above any available there too. For those who like me do previously expected high watermark. (Formore not have internet access, I believe the editors of information, see Alan Ruffman's article in Argonauta will republish it from time to time Argonauta Vol XVI, NumberTwo, April 1999.) as memory fades or the volume ofamendments warrant. My thanks to Art Harris, Michael Barkham and Alan Ruffman for this Bill Glover improvements. I look forward to other suggestions and comments. To be perfectly The newco-editor also notes that the jSl honest, I had some fun putting the calendar of November, 1914 is missing from the together, largely on the basis of books compendium... it was on that date that immediately available to me, (although clearly Midshipmen Malcolm Cann, John V. W. I should have looked in the back issues of Hatheway, William Archibald Palmer and Northern Mariner and Argonauta.) If we can Arthur Wiltshire Silver were lost in HMS Good expand it, ideally an entry for each day of the Hope at the Battle of Coronel - the first year, I think we would have achieved casualties in the Royal Canadian Navy. Their something. Some might have noticed that pictures can be seen on the Web at: February and June begin with entries, but no date. Quite simply I have been unable to find www.ukans.edu/-kansite/ww_one/navallj0500001.htm them. (The February date is for the first chart published in Canada. For the grounding of the CPR steamer Parthia in Vancouver harbour in Nautical Nostalgia June 1890, my quest for the exact date extended by William Glover to searching Vancouver newspapers in the British Columbia Legislative Library. The Over the course of the summer I do grounding is important because it led to the hope that you were all able to include some survey ofBurrard Inlet by William 1. Stewart. "nautical nostalgia" in your summer activities This was "not only the first salt-water survey and travels. All heritage and history comes conducted entirely by Canadians in British alive when you can stand where someone stood Columbia but also the first salt-water survey to and did the famous act, or see where event took be performed under the instructions of the place. The annual conference at Comer Brook Canadian government authorities.") Help provided plenty ofsuch opportunities. determining precise dates would be appreciated. October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 9 The trip down heritage lane began a minibus, and a passenger van to carry us all. immediately on arrival at Comer Brook. Red Bay was the site of the 16th century Maurice and Ruth Smith invited me to jointhem Basque whaling station. Its discovery was the on a picnic expedition to York Harbour. No less direct result of archival work by Dr. Selma a person than Master James Cook, commander Barkham. She had unearthed the probability of of HMS Grenville used this a base of the station when she discovered court operations while he worked on his survey ofthe documents about the loss of the whaling ship adjacent portions ofthe south and west coast of San Juan and financial claims relating to it. As Newfoundland. It was that work that marked a prelude to our visit, she had given the him as suitable for a commission and the opening address ofthe conference on Sunday responsibility of leading the scientific evening. Strong wind prevented us from expedition to observe the transit ofVenus from getting across to Shelter Island where the Tahiti. The rest, as we say, is history. York actual station was. However, there is a very Harbour is a large bay, open at the north, and new and very good visitorcentre that overlooks very close to the entrance to Bay ofIslands. The the bay and the island. Thepiece de resistance islands at the entrance are named for ships that was the "Chalupa". The San Juan wreck was were employed on Cook's survey Guernsey, discovered on the third dive, and then the Tweed, and Pearl. Lark Harbour, next to York underwater archaeology began. Under the Harbour, was also named for one of the ships. wreck was the chalupa - the boat used by the (These are just e few examples ofthe generally whaling crews when actually hunting. It has remarked upon wide influence of Cook in been carefully reconstructed, and provides an Newfoundland coast names.) Governor's Island, excellent example of workmanship and boat a large low island in York Harbour would have design ofthe period. provided additional shelter should there have been a strong blow from the north west. On our return from Red Bay to our "Blows" in that region are to be expected, for to hotel for the night the minibus took an the east of York Harbour are the Blow Me impromptu side trip to Point Amour. Members Down Hills. While this work established Cook who were at our Kingston conference will as a surveyor, it may be worth mentioning, rememberthe most entertaining papergiven by especially for our Ontario members, that Cook Vern Howland on the loss ofHMS Raleigh. It was supported in getting his first formal was at Point Amour, and the very barest of instruction in surveying while he was the Master bones of the ship are still there to be seen. of HMS Pembroke, one of the ships that Point Amour lighthouse is quite splendid, and supported Wolfe's army. Pembroke's captain, there are displays in the lower levels of the who encouraged Cook, was Captain John structure of the same high standard. One is a Simcoe, father of John Graves Simcoe, particularly impressive cut away model ofthe Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, after construction ofthe tower, showing the various whom a lake is named. layers of stone, covered in brick and clad in shingle. With a light 109 feet high, it is the The conference included a field trip to second tallest lighthouse in Canada. The light visit Red Bay and L'Anse aux Meadows. was built by the government of the united Numbers were sufficient to warrant a large bus, Canadas between 1854 and 1858. It is worth October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 10 stressing that it was the Canadian government. original foundations. We were told that a Point Amour is in what is now Labrador, similar village in Iceland had been preserved outside the Canadian demesne. However, the intact in volcanic ash. Therefore the importance of safe navigation for trade in the construction details and interior arrangements GulfofSt. Lawrence was obviously considered were well documented. The bleakness of the to be worth this investment. How many landscape served to emphasize the difficulties, governments would do that today? (I am fully not to mention dangers, ofnavigation - making aware that it was a decision ofabout the time of a landfall and finding the right place. That the the wreck of the Raleigh that determined that Vikings did it and more than once is a Labrador was part ofNewfoundland. However testament to something, if not at least their the several expansions of the province of endurance. Quebec to its current size waited until after Confederation.) Unfortunately the demands of One last maritime heritage site awaited supper, and catching up with the big bus and the us before we had to return to Comer Brook. minivan cut short our time at this fascinating From L'Anse aux Meadows we went to St. site. Certainly there is enough ofinterest to see Anthony, appropriately enough for what was on the Labrador coast that over drinks back at styled a Viking feast. However we had time to Comer Brook one member was considering a stop first at the Grenfell museum. This is a new private return visit. museum, and very well done. Exhibits include the life ofGrenfell, the work ofthe mission on After a night a L'Anse au Claire, we the coast, and the life of the fishermen who took the ferry back to Newfoundland, and were lived there. Those ofus who spent the night at offto the Viking site at L'Anse aux Meadows. S1. Anthony also had the time to visit his home. However, the ferry crossing does deserve a This too is well maintained today as a museum, mention. Going overto Labradorthere was a bit with a large collection of Grenfell's personal of a blow, and neither St. Barbe nor Blanc things. Sablon harbours are either large or sheltered from wind. The master of the ferry MY As the conference was preceded for me Northern Princess was a superb ship handler. In by an "extra" heritage moment, so it was both harbours he had to tum and then back followed by another - the ferry trip back to down onto his berth, because the ferry loads Cape Breton Island on board the MV Caribou. vehicles through the stem. Despite the winds, he The name perpetuates the name of the ferry came alongside in both harbours seemingly that was torpedoed with loss oflife during the without effort. Second World War. The modem Caribou has a small but very interesting display area on the L'Anse aux Meadows at the northern tip port side ofthe passenger deck. It includes an ofNewfoundland is a long way from anywhere, account ofthe wartime Caribou as well as an but it is surely worth the drive. The foundations interesting photographic history ofthe various ofthe original buildings are carefully preserved. ships that have provided ferry service to A short distance away there is a modem Newfoundland. reconstruction ofthe buildings. Obviously, the overall dimensions could be taken from the October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 11 .An Introduction to Doug Maginley half century as in, say, 1900-1950 or 1850-1900. When reading autobiographies, the Doug Maginley likes to say he has done incidental details that tell "what it was really everything nautical except commercial fishing. like" are often the most interesting. (I suppose He was born in Antigua in the West Indies in this is social history). Information about ships 1929. Towards the end of the war, he went to and trade from the point ofview ofthe sailor England to the well known Merchant Service reveal "how it was done". So perhaps these training ship HMS Conway and joined his first anecdotes have some value: I hope that some ship as a cadet in 1947. After eight years with readers, any way, will fmd these reminiscences the Furness Withy line, (described in these ofinterest. reminiscences), he joined the Royal Canadian Navy in 1955, serving in HMCS Wallaceburg, Part 1 - An Island Perspective Fortune, St. Croix, Bonaventure and commanding HMCS Fundy and Chaleur, I suppose it is not surprising that besides shore and staffappointments. He retired someone brought up on an island would as a Lieutenant Commander in 1976 and joined develop an interest in the sea. (In my case it the Coast Guard., first in the Ship Safety branch was two islands: Antigua and Montserrat in and then on the staffofthe Coast Guard College the West Indies). From as long as I can in Sydney where he was head ofnavigation for remember I was fascinated by ships and boats six years before reverting to teaching and ofall kinds. I drew them and made scrapbooks writing about maritime affairs. An interest in of pictures of ships. One of my earliest yachting filled out another aspect of nautical memories is of looking over, or perhaps experience, but what about fishing? After through, the promenade deck rail ofone ofthe retiring from the Coast Guard in 1990, Doug "Lady Boats" at the foam of the bow-wave worked part time for the Nova Scotia School of spreading overthe brightblue Caribbean water. Fisheries at Pictou. In the 1930s, these Canadian National Steamships' passenger and cargo liners were He is presently working on two books: the main communication between the islands one on the history of the Coast Guard and and to Boston, Halifax and Montreal. From another on the ships of the civilian Canadian New York came Furness Withy vessels and the Government fleets.. Harrison Line provided less frequent communication with Britain. But the white Preface painted Lady Nelson, Lady Drake and Lady Hawkins with their blue white and red funnels were the standard by which other ships were During the recent excellent conference at judged. Comer Brook NF, the Editor suggested that I might write an account of my early seafaring At most of the West Indian islands, experiences. I replied that I had always intended large ships had to anchor. Passengers were to do so for the benefit ofmy family but had not taken ashore by motor launch and cargo was thought ofit as history. On reflection, though, I unloaded or loaded by lighter. In some islands, did start on a nautical path over fifty years ago like Montserrat, these were rowed by two men and as many changes have occurred in the last October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 12

using large sweeps or given a tow by a small crop (and scrap iron that had been patriotically motor boat. In others, like Antigua, large sailing collected), the only means of communication craft called droghers were used. They were was by local sailing craft. about fifty feet long and very broad in the beam and were completely open except for a small To regress a bit, Montserrat is a deck forward and an even smaller platform aft volcanic island and was active in the mid 30s. for the helmsman. They had a simple rig oftwo One story that Felicity Hannington missed in baggy, patched sails and were sailed with her excellent book "The Lady Boats" is the consummate skill by a crew oftwo. They raced effect ofthe sulfurous fumes from the soufriere to get out to the ship, rounding up and coming on lead-based white paint. The CN ship would alongside the ship or each other with sails arrive white and leave a dirty yellow, no doubt flapping as they were lowered and much West to the fury of her Chief Officer. By 1940 Indian repartee between the skippers. These earthquakes had become less frequent and the craft could and did sail between the islands volcano was dormant until 1994 when a series occasionally. of eruptions gradually covered the beautiful, mountainous island with pyroclastic flow and One ofthe destinations of tourists who forced the evacuation of most of the spent a limited time ashore in Antigua was inhabitants. Today, a few thousand stubborn Nelson's Dockyard at English Harbour. When I people cling to the extreme northern tip, was about 9 years old I paddled a "dogger" raft protected by a mountain range. all around the bays that make up this landlocked "hurricane hole". The raft was made offive of When economic conditions are the tall spears ofthe centuryplant, held together favourable, shipping interests will respond. with hardwood rods and lashing and propelled The war caused an upsurge in commercial by a double ended paddle. At that time the sailing vessel activity between the islands. One harbour was completely empty and many ofthe inter-island schooner and several sloops were buildings were in a state of advanced decay. already owned in Montserrat. The schooner After the war, Commander Nicholson, a retired was the Perseverance, old and slow with her Royal Navy officer, took up residence there and bilges reputedly filled with concrete to reduce founded the English Harbour Preservation leaks. The sloops were mostly of enlarged Society. He started a yacht charter business, fishing boat type, with two sails set on a rather others followed, and his efforts resulted in the short mast and a long boom, dictated by the restored 18th. century dockyard becoming the timber available in the mountains, However, renowned yachting centre it is today. the Fesidore on which my father and I would occasionally travel to and from Antigua was an In 1939 my family moved to Montserrat. older craft with a proper cutter rig: gaff main Soon after the war started, all steamer traffic to and topsail, bowsprit and two headsails. Towns the lesser islands ceased. A United States base in West Indian islands are always on the lee was built in Antigua as part ofChurchill's and side of the island, giving shelter from the Roosevelt's "destroyers for bases" deal, so there constant trade wind. Air movement on the lee was a lot of activity there, but in Montserrat, side follows the anabatic/katabatic pattern we except for one ship a year to collect the cotton learn about inmeteorology classes. A departing October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 13 sailing ship weighs anchor just before sunset Miniature clipper races ensued as and the land breeze sweeping down the valleys schooners raced the 500 miles to Barbados, allows a beam reach until past the tip of the where the cargo for the smaller islands was island. Occasionally the land breeze fails. I transhipped. These local schooners were about watched as the old Perseverance was wrecked 70-80 ft. on deck and were purely sail: no because of this. A flat calm together with a engines in those days. Some former Nova heavy ground swell, caused by a distant Scotia bankers were larger: the Mona Marie hurricane, and an inshore current set her and the Marian Belle Wolfe. The latter was still inexorably towards the beach. It was flat calm trading in the 50s when I photographed her off and the anchor did not hold. She struck beam St. Kitts. The queen of the schooners was on, heeled over, fortunately towards the shore, Captain Lou Kennedy's Sea Fox, an iron and when the great swells had driven her far former yacht. I believe I mayhave also seen his enough up the beach, the crew and passengers three-master the Wawaloam which was later swam and waded ashore; but the repeated blows sunk by a German submarine. Several ofthe rollers broke her up during the night. schooners, especially those leaving Trinidad where oil was refined, were lost to the U-boats. Assuming, however, that conditions They would not waste a torpedo but would were normal, after passing Rendezvous Bluffat surface, order the crew into the boat and sink the north ofMontserrat there would be hardbeat the schooner by gunfire. If gasoline in drums to Antigua, lee rail under, for the trade wind on deck formed part ofthe cargo, there would often blows 25 knots between the islands at be a spectacular blaze. These cargoes for the night. Approaching the lee ofAntigua, the seas small islands would scarcely have assisted the become calm and the rest of the trip is a Allied war effort. pleasure. The trip back downwind, especially if it was on a larger schooner, was a much easier The French islands of Martinique and and shorter sail. Guadeloupe were loyal to Vichy and the aircraft carrier Beam and the cruiser Emile With favourable freight rates, a sloop, Bertin were laid up at Martinique and the the Morning Prince and a schooner, theEvening cruiserJeanne d'Arc at Guadeloupe, whichwas Princess, were built under the shade ofthe palm the next island to Montserrat. In 1943, with the trees in Montserrat, using green-heart keels tide beginning to tum for the Allies, the crew from Guiana, white cedar crooks, cut from of the Jeanne d'Arc began to desert. They selected trees in the mountains, for the frames would steal a fishing boat and reach and pitch-pine planking, which had to be Montserrat. (They were eventually shipped to imported. A large launch, the Romaris, was built the U.S.A. to join Free French warships there). for inter-island service by the chief shipping In order to defray the cost offeeding them, the agent for the island who managed to get an local government auctioned offthe boats. The engine from the U.S.A. Vessels from other Guadeloupe craft were much superior to their islands were frequent visitors and the Anguilla equivalents in the British islands, being of owned schooners were the smartest, including Mediterranean type with a good beam and fine the well known Warspike, (lost during hbllow lines. At my school we had a sea-scout Hurricane Hugo in the 80s). troop which acquired one ofthese open boats. October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 14

The sides were then raised and it was decked 1945). We again sailed at night and next over and rigged fishing boat fashion. I learned morning found ourselves in a large fast convoy. to sail on this craft which had been Les Trois The convoyincludedVictory ships, T2 tankers, Etoiles, which we anglicized to the Three Stars. banana boats and several well known liners. It was American run and escorted: the When I was 15, I applied to join the Commodore was in an ex-Italian liner, well-known school ship HMS Conway and was renamed Hermitage by the U.S. accepted. Half a year later, some influence resulted in a flight to Trinidad on a Lockheed We were the fourth ship in the third Ventura, a passenger version of a Hudson column from the port side and the convoy was bomber. With a cousin, a few years older who so large, the starboard side of it was out of was going to England to law school, I waited for sight, while the escorts were only occasionally the word of our passage. Presently we went to glimpsed onthe horizon. One ofthepassengers the docks and boarded the troopship Carthage was a salvage-tug mate who had just delivered which was embarking Trinidadian RAF ground a large tug to Trinidad. He was all twisted from personnel and some civilian passengers. We having been crushed between two vessels were in the depths of the ship in six-berth sometime in the past but it not appear to cabins. The ship first proceeded to Jamaica to handicap him. He was able to point out to pick up more ground crew. All departures were identify the various ships for me. One day the at night, and the civilian passengers did not convoy was overtaken by the Aquitania, the know the next destination until we got there. only four funnelled liner left in the world, The morning after leaving Jamaica, we found which was sailing alone at high speed, as did ourselves in a formation ofthree ships abeam, all the largest and fastest liners. zig-zagging but unescorted. On our port side was a Norwegian whale-factory ship and to As we approached the U.K., a DE starboard a tanker. The Carthage was one ofa [destroyer escort - editors] came alongside and class of P & 0 intermediate liners of about passed us orders by heaving line. The next day 14,000 tons built for the China trade. She had the convoy split and we became the been an armed merchant cruiser before being Commodore ofa group heading for the Clyde. converted to a troop ship and still had two 6" We anchored offGourock. The enormous grey guns, (Model 1919), abreast the after hatch. and bulk ofthe Queen Elizabeth was not far offand 3" guns fore and aft. More reassuringly, she a ship that my tug boat friend said had the fairly bristled with anti- aircraft guns in gun tubs longest name afloat, the Dutch liner Johannes along both sides ofthe boat deck and carried a van der Oldenbarnefeld. There were several staff of naval gunners. Of course none of this escort carriers and a Free French destroyer. The would have protected us from a submarine civilian passengers disembarked by tender and attack. we took a blacked-out train to London, arriving on the day the last V2 rocket fell. My cousin Our next port turned out to be Bermuda and I were taken in hand bysome relatives who where we embarked civiliandockyardpersonnel had arranged accommodation and showed us and their families who had been there for the how to get ration cards and get about London. whole of the war to date. (This was January, As green colonials, we needed their help but October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 15 soon adapted. I was due to join the Conway in a local escort groups, working out of Halifax, few weeks but came down with mumps, which Sydney and into the GulfofSt. Lawrence. She was not prevalent in the West Indies. (Measles did have the opportunity, twice, to attack and chicken pox were to follow). Slightly surfaced V-boats, but unsuccessfully. She did belatedly, I joined the famous old wooden wall, sink one ship: the British ammunition ship moored offBangor, North Wales, for the spring Trongate, which had caught fire in Halifax term. harbour and had to be put down before her (To be continued) cargo exploded.

The Remains ofHMCS Chedabucto Trafalgar Day, usually an auspicious by William Schleihauf anniversary for the Commonwealth navies, would not be so for Chedabucto's crew.s On Being at sea during wartime is the 20th of October 1943, she had met the hazardous, even when well clear ofthe enemy. cable ship Lord Kelvin and escorted her to Thirty-three of His Majesty's Canadian ships Pointe-aux-Pere (Father Point), a little to the were lost during the Second World War, but east ofthe Quebec town ofRimouski.6 She left only nineteen through direct enemy action. 1 her ward in the early hours of the 21 st, and One, in our typically Canadian way, has been steamed a few miles upriver to lIe du Bic, with almost completely forgotten, even though her intentions to return to Pointe-aux-Pere laterthat bones lay close to the Quebec shore. Collision morning to meet the tug Citadel/e. By 0530, sank Chedabucto, not the Kriegsmarine. she was well on her way back to Pointe-aux­ pere. Her SW2C radar was working, and it She was one ofthe first batch of Bangor being wartime, she was blacked-out. Class minesweepers ordered by the Royal Canadian Navy in 1940. Overall, 48 would be Inshore ofChedabucto, about two miles commissioned directly into the RCN and a away, were three merchant ships burning further 6 British vessels Canadian-manned.2 lights, and two more white lights were visible They were not large ships: 672 tons offthe port bow, believed to be a vessel lying displacement, 180 feet long, capable of16 knots at anchor some three or four miles away. All when going full out.3 Nevertheless, the seemed well. However, at around 0545 the Canadian vessels saw much employment on the Officer of the Watch sighted a green light to North Atlantic, being needed for convoy escort port and the radar operator reported a contact rather than minesweeping. 2,200 yards away in that direction. Within 10 minutes, their erstwhile charge, Lord Kelvin, HMCS Chedabucto herselfkeptto North had ploughed into the port side of the American waters.4 She was quickly built by minesweeper. The one casualty, Sub­ Burrard Dry Dock Company ofVancouver BC, Lieutenant (E) Donald W. Tuke RCNVR, was laid down 24 January 1941 and launched on the below in his cabin. His body was never 14th ofApril. Commissioned on 27 September recovered. 1941, under the command ofLieutenant J. H. B. Davies, RCNR (who would stay in this ship Listing to port, with most of her crew until her loss), she spent her time in various transferred to Lord Kelvin, Chedabucto was October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 16

Photo 1: Chedabucto in happier days. She was equipped with minesweeping gear, and armed with depth charges and a 4-inch gun forward (a shell casing found by the author was for a 4" Mk IV). (National Archives ofCanada/ Neg. no. CI44353). taken in tow by the US Coast Guard tender There were some attempts at Buttonwood, heading backupstream towards I1e recovering equipment. Efforts by the Lord du Bic. It was to no avail. By 0930 the list had Strathcona in November 1943 brought up 15 increased to the point where it was obvious that bags of confidential books and documents, she would capsize, so course was altered to while two minesweeping floats and a pair of bring her into shore. She grounded in the mud Carley Floats were plucked from a nearby about 1 ~ miles out from the St. Simon village beach.8 Further work in 1944 salvaged the quay. By the 26th ofOctober, it was reported starboard anchor, two gun telescopes, two that it was notpracticable for herto be salvaged, incomplete OS' machine guns, a depth charge, as she was fully submerged at high water, and and the asdic dome and transducer.9 slowly settling into the soft bottom, heeling farther over on her port side.7 Postwar, awareness ofChedabucto was disappearing almost as quickly as the wreck It was the practice in Chedabucto for was sinking into the mud. One M. Lapierre officers without Watchkeeping Certificates to requested that possession ofthewreckbe given stand watches on their own - and perhaps this is to him in May 1952, and caused a small flurry the root cause of the collision. Although the of consternation when it was realised that Navigator had put in a briefappearance shortly Chedabucto had neverbeen declared surplus to before the collision, it was Sub-Lieutenant J. R. CrownAssets Corporation, and worse still, that Morrison RCNVRwho was in charge. Itwas of although the rotors for her cipher equipment course the Captainwho was reprimanded for not had been superseded in 1945, they were still a having an experienced officer on the bridge. security concern. IO Eleven years later, a team October 1999 -ARGONAUTA- Page 17

Photo 2: RCAF photograph taken on 21 October 1943, showing Chedabucto aground just offthe south shore ofthe St. Lawrence. Other photographs in this series clearly show her painted up in light toned Western Approaches camouflage. The ship in the foreground is her sister HMCS Swift Current. When this photo is enlarged, it is apparent that the latter carried a smaller gun, probably a 12-pounder. (National Archives ofCanada/ Neg. no. C144360). of scuba divers out of Rimouski reported the but effective method ofblowing a hole in the recovery ofthe starboard propeller and the port side of the hull to gain access. Even though anchor to the Receiver of Wrecks. 11 In 1964, Chedabucto was a minesweeper, she did carry thoughts of those CCM rotors and more a sizeable load ofdepth charges. The not very importantly, reports ofexplosives being landed surprising result was a blast that reportedly was from the wreck led the Navy to send in a team heard on both sides of the St. Lawrence, and ofdivers to remove some ofthe ammunition. 12 that shattered windows on the nearby shore. 13 The earlier naval efforts, combined with the And at some point, there was to be some political turmoil in the province in the 1960s real excitement. As yet unsubstantiated tales and 1970s, have left the people involved tell of a huge explosion set off by amateur reticent to this day, and thus it has been salvors. They were attempting to retrieve some difficult to do more than uncover the of the non-ferrous metal in the machinery beginnings ofthis part ofthe story. spaces, and were in the habit ofusing the simple October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 18

In the summer of 1997, circumstances Footnotes were such that the author was able to get together with two friends, and have a go at 1. FraserMcKee andRobert Darlington, The Canadian Naval Chronicle, Vanwell Publishing 1996, pp. 248­ trying to dive the wreck of Chedabucto. 249. Previously marked, the buoy had been removed by the Department of Transport some years 2. Ken Macpherson and John Burgess, The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910-1981, Collins previous. Having a good idea ofthe position, it Publishers 1981, p. 112. was a simple matter to mark a small search area and begin. Simple methods were called for - a 3. ibid, p. 217. diver was towed behind the boat at slow speed, 4. this paragraph is based on The Ships ofCanada's with instructions to abandon the home-made Naval Forces pp. 191,217,234 and The Canadian sled if anything of interest was found. The Naval Chronicle, pp. 106-107. author was informed that he had been 5. accordingto a transcript ofan undated B. U. P. press volunteered as the first "dope on a rope", and he release in the file on HMCS Chedabucto in the quickly found himselfin the water discovering Marcom Museum in Halifax, most ofthe lowerdeck were from the Pacific Coast, with some officers a new and very effective means of flooding a from the Prairies. drysuit. Nevertheless, the fIrst bit ofwreckage was encountered after only fIve minutes of 6. this briefsummary ofChedabucto's loss is based on The Canadian Naval Chronicle, pp. 107-109. searching: a few pieces ofwire and a curved piece of shell plating protruding from a small 7. signal from NOIC Gaspe to CINC CNA 26 October scour. Despite the generally good conditions 1943 (NAC: RG 24, volume 11,624, Chedabucto file). (20 feet of water, visibility about 8 feet, temperature 44°F) nothing else was found, and 8. signals from NOIC Rimouski to NOIC Gaspe and no large portions of Chedabucto were CINC CNA (30 November 1943 and 6 November 1943 respectively) (NAC: RG 24, volume 6890, file discovered on further sweeps of the area. 8870-443/8). Whatever is left after the explosion and more than fIfty years of winter ice is well buried in 9. signals from NCSO Rimouski to Captain Superintendent Halifax Dockyard 10 July 1944 and the silt. Only a small bit of the hull and two from Captain Superintendent Halifax to NSHQ 08 cylindrical fragments ofthemachinery protrude July 1944 (NAC: RG 24, volume 11,624, file 19-4­ above the mud. 14 Perhaps at different times of 2 Chedabucto). the year, the current exposes other bits of the 10. handwritten notes, probably by E. C. Russell wreck. The position our GPS gave (48° 13.697' (Directorate ofHistory at Heritage, hereafter DHH: N 69° 05.279' W, ± 25 metres) corresponds "Chedabucto 8000 File"). nicely to the one determined "by sextant" in 11. DHH: "Chedabucto 8000 File". September 1944: 48° 13' 32" N 69° 05'10" W. 15 12. file card and clipping from the Globe and Mail 23 September 1964 (DHH: "Chedabucto 8000 File"). No, HMCS Chedabucto didn't have an outstanding war record, but she and the men 13. e-mail to the author from a correspondent in the who served in her did their bit. It's a pity that Rimouski area the few pieces ofrusty metal that constitute their 14. this description of the wreck today is of course memorial are buried in anonymity under the based on the author's own recollections and notes in mud ofthe St. Lawrence. his dive log (12 July 1997). October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 19

15. handwritten notes, probably by E. C. Russell (DHH: Grand Hotel, Point Clear, Alabama, 5-9 April "Chedabucto 8000 File"). 2000. The Grand Hotel is a Marriott resort on the eastern shore of Mobile Bay, midway Conferences and Calls for Papers between Mobile, Alabama, and Pensacola, Florida, both of which have airports. The The Canadian Nautical Research Society programwill include fieldtrips to the Naval Air Maritime Moments ofthe Millennium Museum in Pensacola and to sites in Mobile. Annual Conference and General Meeting 8-10 June 2000 (see notice page 4) Concurrent sessions will be held, one halfofwhich will relate in broad terms to the Sea Power at the Millenium Conference conference theme: the maritime history and nautical archeology ofthe GulfofMexico and Sea Power at the Millennium: Caribbean Sea. Individuals interested in Trade, Navies, Resources, Environment and presenting papers dealing with any aspect of Society North American maritime are encouraged to Portsmouth, United Kingdom submit proposals because we plan to offer 12 - 14 January, 2000 attendees a choice between a sessions by scheduling sessions onthe GulfofMexico and Evolutionary technological innovations Caribbean opposite ones on other topics. over the past half century, many of them evolved from defence systems, have Proposals for individual papers and for transformed our relationship with the sea and partial orcomplete panels should be sent to the the oceans. The range ofactivities - scientific, program chair at the address below. Session commercial and military - that are now proposals should contain either two or three conducted on, below and above the waters has papers. Every effort will be made to form greatly increased, as has our scientific sessions from proposals submitted knowledge. Many oftoday's diverse peaceful individually. Each proposal should include a activities are addressed in the conference single-page for each paper and a brief programme, together with an examination of curriculum vitae for each participant. The Defence issues. cover letter or title sheet for full sessions should include telephone and fax numbers, For more information about this plus e-mail addresses, if available, for each important international conference: participant. Papers should be of a length that http://www.royal-navy.mod.ukJmssii permits oral presentation in not longer than twenty minutes, though one or two North American Society for Oceanic History presentations ofa longer length may be able to 2000 Annual Meeting Meeting, be accommodated. Papers that will be Pt. Clear, Alabama, USA accompanied by audiovisual materials, should 5-9 April 2000 indicate what type of equipment will be needed.The deadline for submission of TheNorthAmerican Society for Oceanic proposals is 1 January 1999. History will hold its annual meeting at the October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 20

Submit proposals to: America. The ship foundered offthe coast of James C. Bradford Massachusetts in 1717 with an immense Department ofHistory , treasure on board. As a result, ever since the Texas A&M University, College Station, discovery was announced in 1985, it has been TX 77843-4236, the centre of a controversy between treasure- Tel: 409/845-7165 hunters and archaeologists. The article touches Fax: 409/862-4314, upon this issue but does not really explore it; e-mail: [email protected] instead it focuses on the artifacts and tantalizing fraction ofthe treasure found thus The Periodical Literature far. As many as 11,000 Americans died as by OlafJanzen prisoners in British hulks during the American Revolutionary War- more than died in battle. Many articles onmaritime topics appear In "Commemorating the Prison Ship Dead: injournals that are not specifically dedicated to Revolutionary Memory and the Politics of maritime themes. For instance, the British Sepulture in the Early Republic, 1776-1808," journal Social History 24, No.1 (January 1999), William & Mary Quarterly 3rd ser., 56, No.3 17-38 featured "Young men and the sea: the (July 1999), 565-590, Robert E. Gray Jr. sociology of seafaring in eighteenth-century examines the way in which the deaths ofthose Salem, Massachusetts" by Daniel Vickers and prisoners gave Americans a focus for post­ Vince Walsh. Olaf Janzen is the author of "A Revolutionary veneration and celebration that Scottish Sack Ship in the Newfoundland Trade, was plebeian, not patrician, with the result that 1726-27," Scottish Economic andSocialHistory "class, politics and death rituals intertwined to 18, Part 1 (1998): 1-18. "Patriotic Commerce chart the course ofpublic memory in the early and National Revival: The Free British Fishery Republic." The July 1999 issue ofThe Beaver Society and British Politics c. 1749-58" by Bob (vol. 79, No.3) carried two articles that focus Harris appeared in the English Historical attention to the nautical history of Canada's Review 94, No. 456 (April 1999), 285-313. The continental interior. In "Steamboat Follies" article explores the patriotic meaning of a (pp. 39-44), R.B. Fleming writes about the society that was originally established to steamboat era on Lake Simcoe, familiar to challenge Dutch supremacy in the deep-water many of us through humorist Stephen herring fishery early in the eighteenth century. Leacock's story about "The Sinking of the The May 1999 issue of National Geographic Mariposa Belle." The other article, "In the (195, No.5) carried two articles of interest to Spirit of the Voyageurs" by Ian and Sally readers of this publication. In "The Rise and Watson (pp. 8-16), retraces the historic Fall of the Caspian Sea," pp. 2-35, Robert waterways of the eighteenth- and nineteenth­ Cullen takes a detailed look at the state ofthat century fur brigades from Lake Superior to inland sea and of the countries located on its northern Saskatchewan in an authentic shores; the article is supported by an insert map recreation of a five-metre birchbark canoe. A which depicts the sea both cartographically and sidebar essay (pp. 14-15) byDrs. NormLavoie historically. In"Pirates ofthe Whydah," pp. 64­ and Ron Lappage takes a scholarly look at 77, Donovan Webster brings us up to date on "The Physiological Prowess ofthe Voyageur." the wreck ofthe first pirate ship found in North Sean Cadigan takes another look at October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 21 Newfoundland fisher society in the early Historical Review 94, No. 456 (April 1999), nineteenth century in "The Moral Economy of 378-388 examines a little-known episode when the Commons: Ecology and Equity in the the Royal Navy acquired slaves in North Newfoundland Cod Fishery, 1815-1855," Africa to man a war galley that it had built at LabourlLe Travail 43 (Spring 1999), 9-42. This Livomo in the 1670s. When the galley proved time, he examines efforts by fisherfolk to not a success, the slaves were turned to the regulate access to common-property marine construction of a mole at Tangier, then under resources, including protest ofand resistance to British control. The Royal Navy is included in new fishing technologies that seemed to threaten Stephen Conway's study of "British local cod stocks. Particular attention is given to Mobilization in the War of American William Kelson, a mercantile agent who Independence, HistoricalResearch 72, No. 177 supported the desire in the late 1840s to (February 1999), pp. 58-76; the article argues preserve a customary and equitable right of that the mass arming in Britain during the access to fish stocks. Colonial officials made up French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars the overwhelming majority of seabome was not a wholly new phenomenon, but the passengers travelling to and from colonial culmination of a long-running process of Nigeria between 1914 and 1945, and was greater mobilization of manpower that was therefore an enterprise ofconsiderable imperial, significantly advanced during the American colonial and economic importance, according to war. "Bonaparte at Toulon: The Right Man in Ayodeji Olukoju; he highlights this traffic and the Right Place"byDavid Chandler in History the roles and interlocking relationships of the Today 49: 6 (June 1999): 35-41 develops the colonial and imperial governments, foreign argument that the battle inwhichFrench forces shipping lines, and the firm ofElder Dempster led by Napoleon took back the port ofToulon in "'Helping our own shipping': Official from the British in December 1793 was the passages to Nigeria, 1914-45," Journal of success that opened the door to Napoleon's Transport History, 3rd ser., 20, No. 1 (March brilliant military career. The Bermudian 69, 3 1999), 30-45. An article by Jeff Harris in (March 1999), 32-36, 44 carried an article by Aramco World 50, No.3 (May/June 1999), pp. Edwin Mortimer entitled "Gibraltar of the 2-11 looks at "The Dhow ofracing." The article West: A history of Bermuda's Royal Naval does more, however, than simply profile the Dockyard." The February 1999 issue of growing popularity in the United Arab Emirates HistoricalResearch also featured "The Origins of racing these traditional sailing craft of the and Foundation of the Royal Naval College, Arab world; the sail handling and performance Greenwich" by H.W. Dickinson, which of the lateen-rigged dhow is discussed, and a examines the conditions that led to the sidebar reprints several paragraphs of David overhaul of higher education in the Royal Howarth's book Dhows (London, 1977) which Navy from 1869 to 1873 and the factors explain the particular advantages of the Arab leading to the establishment of a college at lateen sail. Greenwich. Peter Overlack demonstrates that during the decades leading up to 1914, Turning to naval history, G.B. Aylmer's Germany fully expected and planned to engage essay, "Slavery under Charles II: The in cruiser warfare against British maritime Mediterranean and Tangier," in the English shipping in Asian waters; see "Asia in German October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 22

Naval Planning Before the First World War: Edward C. Battis, "The Brig Mexican of The Strategic Imperative," War & Society 17, Salem, Captured by Pirates, and her No. 1 (May 1999), 1-23. Royal Navy Escape," 263-273 expectations of Gennan naval strategy before lL. Dunlavey, "Shipping Out: Crossing the the outbreak ofWorld War II is the focus ofan North Pacific in the Winter," 275-278 article by J.A. Maiolo, entitled "The knockout blow against the import system: Admiralty THE AMERICANNEPTUNE expectations ofNazi Germany's naval strategy, LVIIL NO. 4, FALL 1998 1934-9;" the article appeared in the journal Historical Research 72, No. 178 (June 1999), T. lain Gunn-Graham, "The Marine pp. 202-228. In that same issue of War & Engravings of Peter Bruegel the Society, an article by Bob Moore entitled "The Elder," 329-341 Last Phase of the Gentleman's War: British Joseph-James Ahem, "Prize Rules: Civl War Handling ofGennan Prisoners ofWar onBoard Prize Procedure in the Philadelphia HMT Pasteur, March 1942" (pp.41-55) Prize Court, 1861-1865," 343-352 suggests that ill-treatment ofGennan paws by John J. Clark and Margaret Clark, "The British forces would later have unwelcome Evolution and Demise of The United consequences for British paws held by the States Lines, Inc.," 353-367 Gennans. The October 1999 issue ofNational David Syrett, "Communications Intelligence Geographic (vol. 196, No.4) carried "The Last and Murmansk Convoys JW 56A, JW Dive of I-52" by Priit J. Vesilind, an article 56B, and RA 56: 12 January - 9 about the Japanese submarine sunk byAmerican February 1944," 369-381 bombers in mid-Atlantic (yes, the Atlantic) 1944. Carrying a cargo of scarce resources THE AMERICANNEPTUNE (including tin, rubber, quinine, opium, gold, and LIX, NO.1, WINTER 1999 other materiel, the sub was attempting to rendezvous with a GennanU-boat when sunk in Eugene A. Coyle and John l Duffy, "Tales of waters more than 17,000 feet deep. The article the Olive Branch," 5-20 describes how the sub was located usingmodem Merle Westlake, "TheAmerican SailingNavy: extreme-depth technology and the unsuccessful Josiah Fox - Joshua Humphreys & attempts to salvage the gold it carried. Thomas Tingey," 21-41 Willem F.J. Morzer Bruyns, "Emil Smola of THE AMERICANNEPTUNE Hungary: Compass Adjustor and L VIIL NO. 3, SUMMER 1998 Inventor at Newport News," 43-49 J.S. Dean, "The New Matthew: Making a Ship, Robert Campbell, "The Killing of Shabet: A Bristol-Fashion," 51-59 Narrative of Extraterritorial Rights, Peter E. Demarest, "History Hidden in Each Zanzibar, 1846-1851," 195-222 Ship Model," 61-65 William R. Wells II, "US Revenue Cutters Victor A. Lewinson, "The Papers of Evers Captured in the War of 1812," 225-241 Burtner (1893-1984)," 67-70 Mark H. Danley, "Colombian Navy in the Korean War, 1950-1953," 243-261 INLAND SEAS October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 23

LV, NO. 1, SPRING 1999 Fishery Boards," 41-59 Ioanna Pepelasis Minoglou, "The Greek Richard F. Palmer, "Oswego Ship Building in Merchant House ofthe Russian Black 1855," 2-4 Sea: A Nineteenth-CenturyExample of Richard F. Palmer, "Wreck of the Steamboat a Traders' Coalition," 61-104 Martha Ogden," 5-9 Ole Feldbrek, "Danish North Atlantic Julius F. Wolff, Jr., "Ship Fires on Lake Shipping, 1720-1814," 105-120 Superior - Part 4, Conclusion," 10-17 Michael K. Stammers, "'The High Character Al Miller, "Workhorses and White Flyers: The Obtained by Cumberland Ships:' A Northern Steamship Company," 18-30 Shipbuilding District in the Mid­ E.A. Perrine, "You're Always in a Pinch on the Nineteenth Century," 121-150 Philip Minch," 31-41 Richard F. Palmer, "Fitting Out on the Great Research Note Lakes," 42-54 Ralph Shlomowitz, "The Market for Seamen in the Age of Sail: A Comment on INLAND SEAS Fischer," 151-154 L V, NO. 2, SUMMER 1999 Source Essay Patrick Lapinski, "The E.M Ford," 90-95 Adrian Jarvis, "A.G. Lyster's Report on the Edward A. Perrine, "You're Always in a Pinch SeveralMethods ofDealingwith Grain on the Philip Minch - Part II," 96-105 in the United States, and Also on the Deidre S. Tomaszewski, "Lake Superior ­ Elevated Railroads of New York, Exploration and Mapping," 106-118 1880," 155-182 Gregory W. Streb and William L. Wallace, "Care and Feeding the Crew," 119-123 Nancy A. Schneider, "Breaking the Bottleneck," 124-131 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF Richard A. Palmer, "Captain Joseph Gilson: MARiTIME HISTORY Unsung Hero ofthe Chicago Fire," 132­ X; NO. 2, DECEMBER 1998 133 John A. Burke, "'Port Your Helm': The Cross 1. N. F. M. aCampo, "Business Not as Usual: Chain Steering Dilemma 100 Years Dutch Shipping in Independent Ago," 134-137 Indonesia, 1945-1958," 1-39 John Armstrong, John Cutler and Gordon INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF Mustoe, "An Estimate of the MARiTIME HISTORY Importance oftheBritish Coastal Liner X; NO. 1, JUNE 1998 Trade in the Early Twentieth Century," 41-63 Cheryl Fury, "Elizabethan Seamen: Their Lives Chris Reid, "'Capitalism and the Scots Ashore," 1-40 Fisherman:' New Technology, James R. Coull, "The Development of Marine Investment and Risk in the Scottish Superintendence in Scotland under the Herring Industry before World War I," October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 24

65-90 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF Lewis Johnman and Hugh Murphy, ''No Light NAUTICAL ARCHAEOLOGY at the End ofthe Dock: The Long Rise XXVIII, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 1999 and Short Life ofthe Firth ofClyde Dry Dock Company," 91-123 Antony Firth, "Making archaeology: the Elena Frangakis-Syrett, "Commerce in the history ofthe ProtectionofWrecks Act Eastern Mediterranean from the 1973 and the constitution of an Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth archaeological resource," 10-24 Centuries: The City-PortofIzmirandIts Robert G. Bednarik, Bob Hobman and Peter Hinterland," 125-154 Rogers, "Nale Tasih 2: journey of a Neil Ashcroft, "British Trade with the Middle Palaeolithic raft," 25-33 Confederacy and the Effectiveness of Beat Arnold, "Some remarks on Romano­ Union Maritime Strategy during the Celtic boat construction and Bronze Civil War," 155-176 Age wood technology," 34-44 Michael Flecker, "Three 18th-century Forum: Fishing History shipwrecks off Ujung Pandang, David J. Starkey, "One Nation, One Fishery? southwest Sulawesi, Indonesia: a National, Regional andLocalVariations coincidence?," 45-59 in UK Fisheries since 1800," 177-250 Colin J.M. Martin, "A 17th-century binnacle Robb Robinson, "The Diffusion ofSteam in the and mariners' compasses from Duart Fishing Industries of Northwest Point, Mull," 60-69 Europe", 179-200 Nigel Bannerman and Cecil Jones, "Fish-trap James R. Coull, ''National, Regional and Local types: a component of the maritime Divergences Withinthe ScottishFishing cultural landscape," 70-84 Industry Since 1800," 201-218 Chris Reid, "The Status of Fishing Ports in Technical Communication England and Wales, 1920-1994," 219­ Jeremy Greene and Alec Duncan, "Report on 240 the 1998 evaluation trials of the High Responses to the Papers in the Forum: "Fishing Precision Acoustic Surveying System History" by Robb Robinson, James R. (HPASS)," 85-93 Coull and Chris Reid," 241-250 MARINE POLICY Roundtable XXIII, NO. 3, MAY 1999 Tom Costa, Heide Gerstenberger, William Henry Flayhart ill, Carl E. Swanson, John King, ''New directions in shipbuilding Julie Winch, and Lisa A. Norling on W. policy," 191-205 Jeffery Bolster, Black Jacks: African Zou Keyuan, "Implementing marine American Seamen in the Age ofSail," environmentalprotection law inChina: 251-274 progress, problems and prospects," W. Jeffery Bolster, "Black Jacks Revisited," 207-225 275-286 Ilene M. Kaplan, "Suspicion, growth and co­ management in the commercial fishing October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 25

industry: the financial settlers of New MARINER'8 MIRROR Bedford," 227-241 LXXXV, NO. 3, A UGU8T 1999 Kevin Crean, "Centralised and community­ based fisheries management strategies: David R. Ransome, "An instrument of case studies from two fisheries early-Stuart sea power: the armed dependent archipelagos," 243-257 merchantman Abigail, c. 1615-39," Sali Jayne Bache and Nathan Evans, "Dolphin, 259-271 albatross and commercial fishing: Peter Goodwin, "Where Nelson died: an Australia's response to an unpalatable historical riddle resolved by mix," 259-270 archaeology," 272-287 Julian P. Jellie, "Just four flags? The MARINER '8MIRROR commercial code of signals for the use of all LXXXV, NO. 2, MAY 1999 nations," 288-298 Riccardo Busetto, "CaptainEdward Chichester Sean McGrail and Owain Roberts, "ARomano­ and HMS Immortalite in Manila Bay British Boat from the Shores of the during the Spanish American War (27 Severn Estuary," 133-146 April to 11 September 1898), 299-307 Cheryl A. Fury, "Training and Education in the Ivor Howcroft, "From beachhead to Elizabethan Maritime Community, bridgehead: the Royal Navy's role in 1585-1603," 147-161 the amphibious assault across the Brian Vale, "Almirante William Brown and the Rhine, Spring 1945," 308-319 Battle of Corales, 1826: Winners and Losers," 162-171 OCEANDEVELOPMENTAND Philip MacDougall, "The Wolwich Steamyard," INTERNATIONAL LAW 172-181 XXX; NO.1, JANUARY-MARCH 1999 Ernest W. Toy, "A Farmer's Son Goes to Sea: The Naval Career of Alan Everett W.M. von Zharen, "An Ecopolicy Perspective Hudson," 182-195 for Sustaining Living Marine Species," Alan G. Jamieson, "Martyr or Pirate? The Case 1-41 of Captain Fryatt in the Great War," Barbara Kwiatkowska, "Inauguration of the 196-202 ITLOS Jurisprudence: The Saint Vincent and the Grenadines v. Guinea Notes M/VSaiga Cases," 43-77 Madge Darby, "Lieutenant Francis Godolphin Bond and the Bligh family," 203-205 RESEARCHINMARITIME HISTORY, Colin Jones, '''Disarmed and disappointed'? NO. 14, 1998: The experience of the Armstrong GLOBAL MARKETS: THE breech-loading guns, 1863-4," 205-212 INTERNATIONALIZATION OF Keith McBride, "Opal and Narborough ­ THE SEA TRANSPORTINDUSTRIES January 1918," 212-215 SINCE 1850 Peter Thomson, "Beer luggers: A tradition ed. David 1. Starkey & Gelina Harlaftis continued," 215-220 October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 26

YIjo Kaukiainen, "International Freight Twentieth-Century Whaling Industry," Markets in the 1830s and 1840s: The 259-283 Experience of a Major Finnish Vassilis Kardasis, "International Trends and Shipowner," 1-27 Greek Shipping: TheBusiness Strategy Edward W. Sloan, "The First (and Very Secret) of Demetrios Moraitis, 1893-1908," International Steamship Cartel, 1850­ 285-301 1856," 29-52 John Theotokas, "Organizational and Robert G. Greenhill, "Competition or Co­ Managerial Patterns of Greek-Owned operation in the Global Shipping Shipping Enterprises and the Industry: The Origins and Impact ofthe Internationalization Process from the Conference System for British Interwar Period to 1990," 303-318 Shipowners before 1914," 53-80 Lewis Johnman, "Internationalization and the William D. Wray, ''National Alliances and CollapseofBritish Shipbuilding, 1945­ Global Webs: The Internationalization 1973," 319-353 ofJapanese Shipping," 81-101 Shin Goto, "Globalization and International Jochen BHising and Ton Langenhuyzen, "Dutch Competitiveness: The Experience of Sea Transport in Transition: The the Japanese Shipping Industry since Gennan Hinterland as Catalyst, 1850­ the 1960s," 355-383 1914," 103-126 Frank Broeze, "Containerization and the William Henry Flayhart ill, "The Expansion of Globalization ofLiner Shipping," 385­ American Interests in Transatlantic 423 Commerce and Trade, 1865-1893," 127­ 147 RESEARCHINMARITIME HISTORY, Katayama Kunio, "The Expansion of Japan's NO. 15, 1998: Shipping Interests before the Sino­ MERCHANT ORGANIZATIONAND Japanese War," 149-161 MARITIME TRADE Mariko Tatsuki, "Cooperation and IN THE NORTHATLANTIC, 1660-1815 Reorganization on the North-South ed. OlafUwe Janzen Routes from Japan in the Interwar Period," 163-194 Ian K. Steele, "Introduction, 1-13 Lars U. Scholl, "The Global Communications IF. Bosher, "The Gaigneur Clan in the Industry and Its Impact on International Seventeenth-Century Canada Trade," Shipping before 1914," 195-215 15-51 Adrian Jarvis, "The Nineteenth-Century Roots Nuala Zahedieh, "Credit, Risk and Reputation of Globalization: Some Technological in Late Seventeenth-Century Colonial Considerations," 217-237 Trade," 53-74 Poul Holm, "The Global Fish Market: R.c. Nash, "The Huguenot Diaspora and the Internationalization and Globalization, Development ofthe Atlantic Economy: 1880-1997," 239-258 Huguenots and the Growth of the Bj0rn L. Basberg, "Convergence or National South CarolinaEconomy, 1680-1775," Styles? The Japanese Challenge to the 75-105 British-Norwegian Hegemony in the Johannes Postma, "Breaching the Mercantile October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 27

Barriers ofthe Dutch Colonial Empire: of the Irish Diaspora: The Dunbrody North American Trade with Surinam and the Spirit ofIreland," 21-23 during the Eighteenth Century," 107­ Peter Stanford, "Marine Arts: A Celebration of 131 Clippers: Artists Seek to Capture the Olaf Uwe Janzen, "A Scottish Venture in the Glory of the American Clipper Ship," Newfoundland FishTrade, 1726-1727," 24-26 133-153 John Barnard with William MacIntosh, "The Aingeru Zabala Uriarte, "The Consolidation of OpSail 2000 Official Ports, Part V: Bilbao as a Trade Centre In the Second Baltimore: A Renaissance City," 30-32 Halfofthe Seventeenth Century," 155­ Joseph Rychetnik, "A Victory Ship Wins 173 Through: The RedOak Victory Returns Daniel A. Rabuzzi, "Cutting Out The to Richmond," 34-35 Middleman? American Trade In DavidB. Allen, '''Technologyand Archeology Northern Europe, 1783-1815," 175-197 in the Deep Sea': MIT Gathers the Silvia Marzagalli, "A Vital Link in Wartime: Experts," 38 The Organization of a Trade and Arthur H. Clark, "Dessert. A Clipper Ship Sets Shipping Network Between the United out on the Cape Hom Road," 46-47 States and Bordeaux, 1793-1815," 199­ 219 SEA HISTORY Anna Agnarsd6ttir, "The Challenge of War on NO. 89, SUMMER 1999 Maritime Trade in the North Atlantic: The Case ofthe British Trade to Iceland Peter Stanford, "The Cape Hom Road, XIX: During the Napoleonic Wars," 221-258 Steamships Take over the North Henry G. Roseveare, "Merchant Organization Atlantic, Driving the Sailing Ship into and Maritime Trade in the North Increasingly Remote Trades," 8-12 Atlantic, 1660-1815: SomeReflections," Edward Prados and David Warburton, "AI­ 259-267 Hami: A Desert Village Preserves Its Seafaring Past,"14-17 SEA HISTORY Shelley Reid, "Museum ofthe Issue: A Look NO. 88, SPRING 1999 at the HerreshoffMarine Museum," 18 John Summers, "The Schooner Yacht Peter Stanford, "The Cape Hom Road, XVIII: Coronet," 19-21 The American Clipper Makes Tracks on Queene Hooper Foster, "James Gordon the Cape Hom Road - Pursued by the Bennett Leads Yachting onto the Bear Cub of the Ocean-Going TransAtlantic Scene," 23-27 Steamship," 9-15 Justine Ahlstrom, "The Tall Ships of Thornton Thomas, "Diplomacy Averts War Operation Sail 2000: The Sail Training over Nootka Sound in 1790," 16-18 Ship Kruzenshtern and the Legacy of Thad Koza, "Ships of the Irish Diaspora: The the Laeisz Line," 30-32 Jeannie Johnston -A Dream Rebuilt," Peter Stanford, "Traffiques & Discoveries: 20 Schooners," 34-35 Aude Bates and Anthony McLoughlin, "Ships Justine Ahlstrom, "Last oftheHussars," 36-37 October 1999 - ARGONAUTA - Page 28

Justine Ahlstrom, "Maritime Traveller: The scheepsbouw in de tijd van Peter de Laeisz Line's Preussen Inspires a New Grote," 123-134 Five-Masted Square Rigger: The Royal Laura van''t Zand, "Gehannes met een Clipper," 38 admiraalsschip: de bouw van de Eendracht (1652-1654)," 135-144 STEAMBOATBILL Hendrik N. Kamer, "De functie en wijze van NO. 226, SUMMER 1998 aanbrengen van de scheerstroken en de spantvormen can zeventiende-eeuwse David H. Grover, "Merchant Ships That schepen,"145-152 Launched Mailplanes," 89-106 S.l de Groot, "Terecht- en Teleurstelling op William King Covell, "The Mount Hope - de Taag. Het handelen can luitenant­ Reminiscences," 108-113 admiraal Comelis Schrijverop de rivier Edward C. Marsh, "Ferry Tales," 114-123 van Lissabon in 1748," 153-162 Alistair Deayton, "Steamers of Argentina: Portfolio," 127-132 TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR ZEEGESCHIEDENIS STEAMBOATBILL XV/L NO. 3, NO. 227, FALL 1998 Louis Sicking, "Meesters van der zee. Paul Liebhardt, "The History of Shipboard Maritieme samenwerking tussen Karel Education," 173-186 V en Hendrik Vill," 3-14 Paul Liebhardt, "Badger Mariner to Universe: Desiree van Damme, "De aalmoezeniers van Odysseyofa PassengerLiner," 187-195 de Oostendse Compagnie," 15-27 Stephen M. Payne, "HMY Britannia 1954­ Pim Waldeck, "De Vlieter: dieptepunt in de 1998," 196-206 geschiedenis van de Nederlandse zeemacht. Relaas van een persoonlijke STEAMBOATBILL belevenis," 29-46 NO. 228, WINTER 1998 Jan-Vos van Marken en Annie Huisman-van Bergen, "Zeewardig maken van de Editors of Steamboat Bill (comp.), "On Epica-vouwkano door Sweden's Blue Ribbon: The Gota Canal Engelandvaarders tijdens de Tweede Steamship Company," 257-286 Wereldoorlog," 47-52 "Vessels of the Gota Canal Steamship Company," 287-292 WARSHIP INTERNATIONAL Paolo Taroni, "The Ever-Young Ship," 293-299 XXXVL NO. 1, MARCH 1999

TIJDSCHRIFT VOOR Curt Borgenstam, Jr., "The Swedish 1st Class ZEEGESCHIEDENIS Gunboats," 13-25 XVIL NO. 2, SEPTEMBER 1998 Robert Erwin Johnson, "The U.S. Coast Guard's 255-foot Cutters: Were they Viktor V. Bryzgalov; trans. Jan Willem the 'Fiasco Class'?," 44-70 Veluwenkamp, "De Pomoorse