Inception Report for Each Case Study
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IMPROVED DROUGHT EARLY WARNING AND FORECASTING TO STRENGTHEN PREPAREDNESS AND ADAPTATION TO DROUGHTS IN AFRICA DEWFORA A 7th Framework Programme Collaborative Research Project Implementation of improved methodologies in comparative case studies Inception report for each case study WP6-D6.1 May 2012 Coordinator: Deltares, The Netherlands Project website: www.dewfora.net FP7 Call ENV-2010-1.3.3.1 Contract no. 265454 DEWFORA Project Report WP6-D6.1 Page intentionally left blank DEWFORA Project Report WP6-D6.1 DOCUMENT INFORMATION Title Inception report for each case study Lead Author JRC, NFC, WaterNet, IAV, PIK Contributors IHE, ECWMF, GFZ, DCER, UEM, WRNA, CSIR, FEUP, WISO <Please select on of three below> PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) Distribution RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO: Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Reference WP6-D6.1 DOCUMENT HISTORY Date Revision Prepared by Organisation Approved by Notes Gustavo Paulo 16/05/2012 Naumann Barbosa Samuel 13/05/2012 PIK Fournet Paulo 26/03/2012 JRC Barbosa Gustavo 26/03/2012 JRC Naumann 25/03/2012 Doaa Lashien NFC Samuel 13/02/2012 PIK Fournet 13/02/2012 Bakary Kone WISO Yasmina 30/01/2012 IAV Imani 16/09/2011 0 David Love WaterNet David Love 30/09/2011 0.1 David Love WaterNet David Love Tsiko, Jean-Marie Mulengera 15/12/2011 0.2 WaterNet Kileshye and Kileshye Onema Onema Jean-Marie Mathias 19/12/2011 0.3 GFZ Kileshye Siebert Onema Chapter 4 needs Jean-Marie Berhanu further discussions 21/12/2011 0.4 WaterNet Kileshye Alemaw with other WPs Onema and partners With inputs sourced from CSIR report Jean-Marie Jean-Marie authored by 23/12/2011 0.5 Kileshye WaterNet Kileshye Archer van Onema Onema Garderen, Landman, Engelbrecht, & Park Mohamed 12/12/2011 NFC Ahmed Ali i DEWFORA Project Report WP6 – D6.1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement N°265454 ii DEWFORA Project Report WP6 – D6.1 Page intentionally left blank iii DEWFORA Project Report WP6 – D6.1 Summary The DEWFORA project has a clear focus on the testing and implementation of existing and developed methodologies on drought monitoring and forecasting. Basin case studies will be used to provide in depth analysis of drought monitoring, forecasting and early warning in Africa at different spatial scales. The case studies will play an integral role in the project by providing direct interaction with end-users, highlighting the needs for improvement of the existing systems, and challenging the application of the methods developed in the project in real operational settings. Each of the basin case studies has a specific contribution to the project although sharing common objectives to allow comparison across scales and climatic conditions. Four regional case studies will be considered: The Eastern Nile Basin (North & Eastern Africa), focusing on improved tools for the forecasting of water availability, the impact of climate change and community scale adaptation. The Limpopo Basin (Southern Africa), focusing on improving existing drought monitoring and forecasting capabilities, as well as institutions, policies, guidelines and procedures for management of the scarce water resources in the basin. The Oum er-Rbia River Basin (Morocco, Northern Africa), focusing on improving capabilities in the forecasting of agricultural drought and establishing guidelines on adaptation in agricultural practices to reduce vulnerability. The Niger Basin (Western Africa), focusing on mid-term climate forecasting and strengthening preparedness to droughts to improve food security and human welfare. Furthermore, a demonstrative continental pan-African system will also be developed, focusing on a pre-operational drought monitoring and forecasting system, in order to improve current drought and food security predictions at continental scale. Finally, there will be a study focusing on the inter-comparison of approaches applied in the pilot case studies of the DEWFORA project, and those applied in other EU projects, particularly in Southern Europe. This report provides a detailed description of each case study as well as a discussion concerning the needed activities, work-plan and time schedule in order to reach the goals of each task. A final report with the results obtained in each regional case study will be delivered on month 28 of the project, while the pan-African system and the inter-comparison study between EU and Africa will provide a number of deliverables during the lifetime of the project. iv DEWFORA Project Report WP6 – D6.1 Page intentionally left blank v DEWFORA Project Report WP6 – D6.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 PROJECT CONTEXT ................................................................................. 1 1.2 GOALS ....................................................................................................... 2 1.3 PURPOSE OF THE CASE STUDIES ......................................................... 3 1.4 PAN-AFRICAN SYSTEM AND STUDY ON EU/AFRICA PERSPECTIVES 6 1.5 SHORT DESCRIPTION OF EACH CASE STUDY NEEDS AND PROBLEMS .......................................................................................................... 7 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE EASTERN NILE BASIN CASE STUDY ........................................ 11 2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL AREA .......................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Blue Nile .................................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 Atbara River ............................................................................................................ 13 2.2 CLIMATE .................................................................................................. 14 2.3 HYDROLOGY........................................................................................... 19 2.4 GEOLOGY ............................................................................................... 23 2.5 SOILS ....................................................................................................... 26 2.6 LAND COVER/LAND USE........................................................................ 27 2.7 DEMOGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 28 2.8 INFRASTRUCTURES .............................................................................. 30 2.8.1 Blue Nile .................................................................................................................. 30 2.8.2 Atbara ..................................................................................................................... 32 2.9 REGIONAL WATER RESOURSES USE .................................................. 32 2.9.1 Ethiopia ................................................................................................................... 32 2.9.2 Sudan ...................................................................................................................... 33 2.10 HISTORICAL INFORMATION ON DROUGHTS ....................................... 34 2.11 PURPOSE OF THE CASE STUDY .......................................................... 36 vi DEWFORA Project Report WP6 – D6.1 2.12 DESCRIPTION OF NEEDS AND PROBLEMS TO BE ADRESSED BY THE CASE STUDY ................................................................................. 36 3. DROUGHT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE EASTERN NILE BASIN ....................... 37 3.1 CURRENT DROUGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ................................... 37 3.1.1 Agriculture ............................................................................................................... 38 3.1.2 Water Resources .................................................................................................... 39 3.1.3 Human health .......................................................................................................... 39 3.1.4 Other management systems ................................................................................... 40 3.1.5 Current drought early warning and adaptation ....................................................... 41 3.2 EXISTING DROUGHT MONITOR PRODUCTS ....................................... 42 3.2.1 Meteorological drought indices ............................................................................... 42 3.2.2 Agricultural drought indices .................................................................................... 42 3.2.3 Hydrological drought indices ................................................................................... 43 3.3 CURRENT DROUGHT FORECASTING TOOL ........................................ 43 3.3.1 Existing gaps in management systems, organization and information ................... 43 3.4 STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................... 43 3.4.1 Producers of available monitoring and forecast products ...................................... 43 4. DETAILED CASE STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY IN THE EASTERN NILE BASIN .................................................................................................................................... 43 4.1 APPROACH TO BE FOLLOWED